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Chapter 2 HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of MILITARY LASERS
History and Development of Military Lasers Chapter 2 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY LASERS JACK B. KELLER, JR* INTRODUCTION INVENTING THE LASER MILITARIZING THE LASER SEARCHING FOR HIGH-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS SEARCHING FOR LOW-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS RETURNING TO HIGHER ENERGIES SUMMARY *Lieutenant Colonel, US Army (Retired); formerly, Foreign Science Information Officer, US Army Medical Research Detachment-Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 7965 Dave Erwin Drive, Brooks City-Base, Texas 78235 25 Biomedical Implications of Military Laser Exposure INTRODUCTION This chapter will examine the history of the laser, Military advantage is greatest when details are con- from theory to demonstration, for its impact upon the US cealed from real or potential adversaries (eg, through military. In the field of military science, there was early classification). Classification can remain in place long recognition that lasers can be visually and cutaneously after a program is aborted, if warranted to conceal hazardous to military personnel—hazards documented technological details or pathways not obvious or easily in detail elsewhere in this volume—and that such hazards deduced but that may be relevant to future develop- must be mitigated to ensure military personnel safety ments. Thus, many details regarding developmental and mission success. At odds with this recognition was military laser systems cannot be made public; their the desire to harness the laser’s potential application to a descriptions here are necessarily vague. wide spectrum of military tasks. This chapter focuses on Once fielded, system details usually, but not always, the history and development of laser systems that, when become public. Laser systems identified here represent used, necessitate highly specialized biomedical research various evolutionary states of the art in laser technol- as described throughout this volume. -
In-Processing in the Works for Weeks, Months Graduate Dies in Hill AFB F
Vol. 49 No. 25 June 26, 2009 In-processing in the works for weeks, months By Ann Patton blood pre-screening, said three months of Academy Spirit staff preparation went into in-processing day. Plans called for accumulating supplies like It was all ready, set, go for the arrival gloves and tubes and seeking out the 100 of the Class of 2013 Thursday. technicians who volunteered for the day. Preparations for the new cadets’ arrival “We want to make it as streamlined began weeks, sometimes months, before. as possible,” he said and pointed out the Cadet cadre were on the front line for day represents a unique Air Force mission. in-processing, and they were plenty ready. “No where else do we do this at this Cadet 2nd Class Nehemiah Bostick level,” he said. served as safety and medical NCO. This Seamstresses in the tailor shop in Sijan is his first Basic Cadet Training to be Hall were ready to sink needle and thread involved with. into the thousands of nametags as Training for cadre began in May when appointees stood by. participating cadets received “re-training” “We’re in pretty good shape,” said Ken for what goes into the BCT experiences. Rivera, shop supervisor. “We had a good So what did the cadre expect from all portion of the work done already, including the new faces on the Terrazzo? the Preparatory School.” “Nothing,” he said. “They come in Nametags are embossed on ribbons here not knowing anything, and that’s why in-house, and the process began months we’re here to teach them. -
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT of NEW YORK ------X : in Re : Chapter 11 Case No
09-50026-reg Doc 15 Filed 06/01/09 Entered 06/01/09 09:30:20 Main Document Pg 1 of 6 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ---------------------------------------------------------------x : In re : Chapter 11 Case No. : CHEVROLET-SATURN OF HARLEM, INC., : 09-_____ (___) : Debtor. : : ---------------------------------------------------------------x : In re : Chapter 11 Case No. : GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, : 09-_____ (___) : Debtor. : : ---------------------------------------------------------------x : : In re : Chapter 11 Case No. : SATURN, LLC, : 09-_____ (___) : Debtor. : : ---------------------------------------------------------------x : In re : Chapter 11 Case No. : SATURN DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION, : 09-_____ (___) : Debtor. : : ---------------------------------------------------------------x CORPORATE OWNERSHIP STATEMENT PURSUANT TO FED. R. BANKR. P. 1007(a)(1) AND LOCAL RULE OF BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURE 1007-3 Pursuant to Rule 1007(a)(1) of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure and Rule 1007-3 of the Local Rules for the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem, Inc. (“Chevrolet-Saturn”), General Motors NY2:\1991994\07\16P1607!.DOC\72240.0635 09-50026-reg Doc 15 Filed 06/01/09 Entered 06/01/09 09:30:20 Main Document Pg 2 of 6 Corporation (“GM”), Saturn, LLC (“Saturn”), and Saturn Distribution Corporation (“Saturn Distribution”), as debtors and debtors in possession, respectfully represent as follows: 1. 100% of Chevrolet-Saturn’s equity is directly owned by GM. 2. 17.0% of GM’s equity is directly or indirectly owned by State Street Bank and Trust Company. 3. 100% of Saturn’s membership interests is directly owned by GM. 4. 100% of Saturn Distribution’s equity is directly owned by Saturn and indirectly owned by GM. -
A Laser (From the Acronym Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Is an Optical Source That Emits Photons in a Coherent Beam
LASER A laser (from the acronym Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is an optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. The verb to lase means "to produce coherent light" or possibly "to cut or otherwise treat with coherent light", and is a back- formation of the term laser. Laser light is typically near-monochromatic, i.e. consisting of a single wavelength or color, and emitted in a narrow beam. This is in contrast to common light sources, such as the incandescent light bulb, which emit incoherent photons in almost all directions, usually over a wide spectrum of wavelengths. Laser action is explained by the theories of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. Many materials have been found to have the required characteristics to form the laser gain medium needed to power a laser, and these have led to the invention of many types of lasers with different characteristics suitable for different applications. The laser was proposed as a variation of the maser principle in the late 1950's, and the first laser was demonstrated in 1960. Since that time, laser manufacturing has become a multi- billion dollar industry, and the laser has found applications in fields including science, industry, medicine, and consumer electronics. Contents [hide] 1 Physics 2 History 2.1 Recent innovations 3 Uses 3.1 Popular misconceptions 3.2 "LASER" 3.3 Scientific misconceptions 4 Laser safety 5 Categories 5.1 By type 5.2 By output power 6 See also 7 Further reading 7.1 Books 7.2 Periodicals 8 References 9 External links [edit] Physics See also: Laser science Principal components: 1. -
DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS: Promise and Prospects
20YY SERIES | APRIL 2015 DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS: Promise and Prospects By Jason D. Ellis About the Author Dr. Jason Ellis is a Visiting Senior Fellow with the Center for a New American Security, on leave from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Also in this series “20YY: Preparing for War in the Robotic Age” by Robert O. Work and Shawn Brimley “Robotics on the Battlefield Part I: Range, Persistence and Daring” by Paul Scharre “Robotics on the Battlefield Part II: The Coming Swarm” by Paul Scharre “Between Iron Man and Aqua Man: Exosuit Opportunities in Maritime Operations” by Andrew Herr and Lt. Scott Cheney-Peters Acknowledgements The views expressed here are the author’s and may not reflect those of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the National Nuclear Security Administration, the Department of Energy or any other depart- ment or agency of the U.S. government. The author would like to thank the many public- and private-sector professionals who graciously lent their time and expertise to help shape this report, and those at CNAS whose insights helped push it over the finish line. Any errors, omissions or other shortcomings nevertheless remain those of the author alone. CNAS does not take institutional positions. Designed by Melody Cook. Cover Images ARABIAN GULF (Nov. 16, 2014) The Afloat Forward Staging Base (Interim) USS Ponce (ASB(I) 15) conducts an operational demonstration of the Office of Naval Research (ONR)-sponsored Laser Weapon System (LaWS) while deployed to the Arabian Gulf. (U. (John F. Williams/U.S. Navy) DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPONS: Promise and Prospects By Jason D. -
Year When Laser Weapons Will Be Commonly Used by the Military?
FINNISH NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY THE TECHNOLOGICAL MATURITY OF GROUND BASED DIRECTED ENERGY AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS IN 2025-2030 Dissertation Captain Tuomas Pernu GSOC 58 August 2017 FINNISH NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Course Service Branch General Staff Officer Course 58 Air Force Author Captain Tuomas Pernu Title THE TECHNOLOGICAL MATURITY OF GROUND BASED DIRECTED ENERGY AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS IN 2025-2030 Department Archived at Military Technology FNDU Library Date August 2017 Text pages 99 + 2 Appendices ABSTRACT Directed energy weapons (DEW) have been pursued by the military and defence industry since the 1980’s. Some potential technology demonstrators have been showcased over the decades but not until recently there have been a number of promising programmes. This dissertation was performed to find out what is the applicability of DEWs in the Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) domain in 2025-2030. A thorough literature review was conducted to find answer to a sub-question: ‘What are the DE technologies and systems under development for AA (Anti-Aircraft) and CRAM (Counter Rockets Artillery Mortar)?’ It was established that there are 15 programmes in total of which 14 are laser and 1 is HPRF (High Power Radio Frequency) system. Next a Delphi panel was used to find answers for the second sub-question: ‘What is the maturity level of GBAD DEW in 2025-2030’. In total three Delphi iteration rounds were performed. This was followed by Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessment done by utilizing USAF TRL calculator. Finally the results of literature review, Delphi and TRL assessment were combined and it was established that there are three potential GBAD systems to reach full technological maturity in 2021-2029 which could mean the systems would be commonly in use in 2025- 2035. -
Annual Report
HRL LABORATORIES, LLC 2005 ANNUAL REPORT TECHNOLOGIES CREATING OPPORTUNITIES CONTENTS 4 A WORD FROM OUR CEO 6 HRL IN NUMBERS 8 ADVANCED MATERIALS 10 ALGORITHMS AND INFORMATION 12 ANTENNAS 14 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 16 COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 18 DIGITAL AND MIXED SIGNALS SUBSYSTEMS 20 LASERS 22 PHOTONICS 24 RF ANALOG 26 SENSORS 28 HRL IN MALIBU 30 PATENTS ISSUED TO HRL IN 2005 32 A YEAR OF INNOVATIONS 2 0 0 5 H R L L A B O R A T O R I E S VISION To enhance our position as a world-class R&D Lab and become: I Increasingly valued by our LLC Members, customers, and employees I Increasingly respected by our peers in the scientific community A N N U A L R E P O R T MISSION To create sustained competitive advantages for our LLC Members and customers by: I Developing innovative technical solutions that: I Solve important, technically challenging national and global problems I Create significant value for our customers I We will accomplish this by I Attracting and maintaining world-class technical talent and leadership I Serving the needs of our government customers I Working together to accelerate transfer of technology solutions to this, the 2005 Annual Report for HRL Laboratories, LLC, a world-class Welcome industrial research laboratory with an outstanding legacy and an even brighter future. HRL is owned jointly by the Boeing Corporation and the General Motors Corporation, our LLC Members. We continue to provide leading edge R&D services to our parent companies and to both government and commercial customers. -
THE ECE HERALD the Official ECE Newsletter Issue Date: 5Th November, 2019 LASER TECHNOLOGY Illuminator Lasers for Target Tracking
NIT ANDHRA PRADESH VOLUME 2 ISSUE 4 THE ECE HERALD The Official ECE Newsletter Issue date: 5th November, 2019 LASER TECHNOLOGY Illuminator Lasers for target tracking. It can destroy targets up to 600 km away. 4. Advanced Tactical Laser: ATL program is a US military program to mount a -Hariom Singh (611834) When lasers were first invented, they were called a solution looking for a high energy laser weapon on an aircraft. Used against ground targets in urban or problem. Everyone thought they were as cool as Bose-Einstein condensate, but other areas where minimizing collateral damage is important. The laser will be a no one quite knew what to do with these devices that could produce a highly 100 kilowatt-class chemical oxygen-iodine laser. On June 18, 2009, the ATL focused beam of light. Today, lasers have become one of the world's most was successfully fired in flight for the first time. important technologies, used in industries ranging from information technology In the Medical field to telecommunications, medicine, consumer electronics, law enforcement, 1. Laser Surgery: Lasers are used in surgery, particularly in eye surgery. Laser military equipment, entertainment, and manufacturing. A laser is a device that in-situ keratomileusis is a popular surgery used to correct vision in people who emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated are nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism. All laser vision correction emission of electromagnetic radiation. It emits the light in one direction. The surgeries work by reshaping the cornea. first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. -
Experimental Design of a UCAV-Based High-Energy Laser Weapon
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis and Dissertation Collection 2016-12 Experimental design of a UCAV-based high-energy laser weapon Lionis, Antonios Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/51574 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF A UCAV-BASED HIGH- ENERGY LASER WEAPON by Antonios Lionis December 2016 Thesis Advisor: Keith R. Cohn Co-Advisor: Eugene Paulo Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) December 2016 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF A UCAV-BASED HIGH- ENERGY LASER WEAPON 6. AUTHOR(S) Antonios Lionis 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND 10. SPONSORING / ADDRESS(ES) MONITORING AGENCY N/A REPORT NUMBER 11. -
Automotive Collision Avoidance System Field Operational Test Final Program Report
DOT HS 809 886 May 2005 Automotive Collision Avoidance System Field Operational Test Final Program Report This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. If trade or manufacturer’s names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT HS 809 886 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Automotive Collision Avoidance System Field Operational Test (ACAS FOT) March 2005 Final Program Report 6. Performing Organizational Code General Motors Corporation 8. Performing Organization Report No. 7. Author(s) 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) General Motors Corporation Research and Development Center 11. Contract or Grant No. 30500 Mound Road Warren, MI 48090 DTNH22-99-H-07019 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Program Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Office of Impaired Driving and Occupant Protection 400 Seventh Street, S.W. -
2013 Annual Merit Review Results Report
11. Cross-Reference of Project Investigators, Projects, and Organizations Cross Reference, Sorted by Project Investigator Page Number Principal Investigator, Organization. Project Title (Session) 9-15 Aaron Brooker; National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Analytical Modeling Linking the FASTSim and ADOPT Software Tools (Vehicle Analysis) 1-13 Abdullah Bazzi; Chrysler LLC. Advancing Transportation Through Vehicle Electrification - PHEV (Vehicle & System Simulation) Ahmad Pesaran; National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Progress of Computer-Aided Engineering of Batteries 2-80 (CAEBAT) (Energy Storage) 6-58 Alan Luo; USAMP. Mg Intensive Vehicle Front End Sub-structure (Light-Weight Materials) 4-212 Alexander Sappok; Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc.. Radio Frequency Diesel Particulate Filter Sensor and Controls for Advanced Low-Pressure Drop Systems to Reduce Engine Fuel Consumption (Advanced Combustion) Ali Abouimrane; Argonne National Laboratory. Impact of Surface Coatings on LMR-NMC Materials: Evaluation 2-201 and Downselect (Energy Storage) 1-128 Allan Lewis; Hyundai. Wireless Charging (Vehicle & System Simulation) Allen Hefner; National Institute of Standards and Technology. Characterization, Modeling, and Reliability of 3-32 Power Modules (Advanced Power Electronics) 1-141 Andreas Malikopoulos; Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Autonomous Intelligent Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) (Vehicle & System Simulation) 2-20 Andrew Jansen; Argonne National Laboratory. Fabricate PHEV Cells for Testing & Diagnostics (Energy Storage) Andrew Kercher; Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. Lithium-Bearing Mixed Polyanion (LBMP) Glasses as 2-180 Cathode Materials (Energy Storage) 7-17 Andrew Wereszczak; Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Thermoelectric Mechanical Reliability (Propulsion Materials) 7-29 Andy Wereszczak; Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Improved Organic Dielectrics for Power Electronics and Electric Motors (Agreement ID:23279) (Propulsion Materials) Anthony Burrell; Argonne National Laboratory. -
3D-Printed Metal Goes Commercial HRL HORIZONS 1 HRL HORIZONS STAFF
In this issue: Transparent Antennas, Environmental Sustainability and More ISSUE 05- Mar 2020 ISSUE HORIZONS A publication from HRL Laboratories, LLC FULL METAL REVOLUTION 3D-Printed Metal Goes Commercial HRL HORIZONS 1 HRL HORIZONS STAFF Creative Director Michele Durant Technology Writer Shaun A. Mason Contributing Writers Parney Albright Leslie Momoda Photos Bryan Ferguson Julian Grijalva Getty Images HRL HORIZONS Online Bryan Ferguson HRL HORIZONS hAbout HRL is a publication from HRL Laboratories, HRL is the largest employer in Malibu, California with over 500 employees LLC’s Multimedia and PR Department on our campus overlooking the Pacific from the Santa Monica Mountains. All HRL scientists and engineers are U.S. personsand most hold advanced degrees. Printed in the USA - March 2020 Our diversity is a strength that enriches our organizational growth and Copyright 2020 HRL LABORATORIES development and ensures a breadth of perspectives. Since 1960, HRL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED scientists and engineers have been recognized for their leadership in physical MS19111 - TICR 20-XXX and computer sciences, engineering research, and significant contribution to national defense. 2 HRL HORIZONS CONTENT 06 DISCOVERY 07 HISTORY FEATURE: 08 Full Metal In the search for vehicle In his laboratory at Revolution technology that does not HRL on May 16, 1960, rely on fossil fuels and Theodore Maiman Going commercial has little or no carbon and his assistant Irnee with 3D-printed footprint, hydrogen fuel D’Haenens completed an high-strength cell technology satisfies experiment that changed aluminum.h many criteria. the world forever— they activated the first successful laser. 14 SYSTEMS 15 MAN MACHINE 16 CONNECTIONS HRL researchers are Hybrid forecasting Transparent antennas leading development combines machine address growing of wafer-scale infrared learning with connectivity and focal plane arrays that human judgment to reception needs without will dramatically reduce predict geopolitical unwanted design the size and cost of events.