Molecular Phylogeny, Detection and Epidemiology of Nectria Galligena Bres
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Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10 -
Novel Species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon Gen
STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 431–455. 2004. Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp.) Francois Halleen1, Hans-Josef Schroers2,3*, Johannes Z. Groenewald3 and Pedro W. Crous3 1ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), P. Bag X5026, Stellen- bosch, 7599, and the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; 2Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, p.p. 2553, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcul- tures, P.O. Box 85167, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Hans-Josef Schroers, [email protected] Abstract: Four Cylindrocarpon or Cylindrocarpon-like taxa isolated from asymptomatic or diseased Vitis vinifera plants in nurseries and vineyards of South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and France were morphologically and phylogenetically compared with other Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon taxa. Sequences of the partial nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA), internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of the rDNA including the 5.8S rDNA gene (ITS), and partial ȕ-tubulin gene introns and exons were used for phylogenetic inference. Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon species clustered in mainly three groups. One monophyletic group consisted of three subclades comprising (i) members of the Neonectria radicicola/Cylindrocarpon destructans complex, which contained strains isolated from grapevines in South Africa, New Zealand, and France; (ii) a Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon species isolated from grapevines in South Africa, Canada (Ontario), Australia (Tasmania), and New Zealand, described here as Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum; and (iii) an assemblage of species closely related to strains identified as Cylindrocarpon cylindroides, the type species of Cylindrocarpon. -
The History of Elm Breeding L
Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For (2004) 13 (1), 161-177 The history of elm breeding L. Mittempergher and A. Santini* Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Piazzale delle Cascine, 28. 50144 Firenze. Italy Abstract Breeding elms resistant to Dutch elm disease (DED) started in the Netherlands in the year 1928 on the initiative of a group of women scientists. They were active until 1954, when Hans Heybroek took over at the Dorschkamp Rese- arch Institute and carried on until his retirement in 1992. Two more programmes were initiated in Europe, in Italy and Spain, in 1978 and 1993 respectively, under the impulse of Dutch breeding activities. Elm breeding in America began in 1937 in the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Laboratories and is still being pursued under the leadership of Alden Townsend. Another programme was set up at the University of Wisconsin in 1958, led by Eugene Smalley and was closed after his retirement and death in 2002. A third programme found birth at the Morton Arboretum, Chicago, in 1972 where activities are still carried out by George Ware since his retirement. The number of resistant elm clones released on the market and the scientific progress fostered by breeding activities indicate that the long work needed to carry them on is a positive one. Among the key points considered are: elm germplasm collection, elm species cros- sability, inoculation system and disease evaluation, building up of resistance, and the possible consequences from in- troducing foreign species and hybrids to native elms. Because of shortage of funding long-term research and the per- ception that biotechnology will provide rapid solutions to long-term problems, traditional elm breeding activities seem now to be in difficulty. -
Cylindrocarpon Root Rot: Multi-Gene Analysis Reveals Novel Species Within the Ilyonectria Radicicola Species Complex
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wageningen University & Research Publications Mycol Progress DOI 10.1007/s11557-011-0777-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cylindrocarpon root rot: multi-gene analysis reveals novel species within the Ilyonectria radicicola species complex Ana Cabral & Johannes Z. Groenewald & Cecília Rego & Helena Oliveira & Pedro W. Crous Received: 29 March 2011 /Revised: 2 July 2011 /Accepted: 11 July 2011 # The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Ilyonectria radicicola and its Cylindrocarpon-like hosts, the most common being Cyclamen, Lilium, Panax, anamorph represent a species complex that is commonly Pseudotsuga, Quercus and Vitis. associated with root rot disease symptoms on a range of hosts. During the course of this study, several species could Keywords Cylindrocarpon root rot . Nectria-like fungi . be distinguished from I. radicicola sensu stricto based on Phylogeny. Systematics morphological and culture characteristics. DNA sequence analysis of the partial β-tubulin, histone H3, translation elongation factor 1-α and nuclear ribosomal RNA-Internal Introduction Transcribed Spacer (nrRNA-ITS) genes were employed to provide further support for the morphological species The genus Cylindrocarpon was introduced in 1913 by resolved among 68 isolates associated with root rot disease Wollenweber, with C. cylindroides as type. Cylindrocarpon symptoms. Of the various loci screened, nrRNA-ITS and Cylindrocarpon-like species have since been commonly sequences were the least informative, while histone H3 associated with root and decay of woody and herbaceous sequences were the most informative, resolving the same plants (Domsch et al. 2007). -
(Hypocreales) Proposed for Acceptance Or Rejection
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · no 1: 41–51 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05 Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) ARTICLE proposed for acceptance or rejection Amy Y. Rossman1, Keith A. Seifert2, Gary J. Samuels3, Andrew M. Minnis4, Hans-Josef Schroers5, Lorenzo Lombard6, Pedro W. Crous6, Kadri Põldmaa7, Paul F. Cannon8, Richard C. Summerbell9, David M. Geiser10, Wen-ying Zhuang11, Yuuri Hirooka12, Cesar Herrera13, Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, and Priscila Chaverri13 1Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; corresponding author e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ ars.usda.gov 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada 3321 Hedgehog Mt. Rd., Deering, NH 03244, USA 4Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pincheot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 8Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 9Sporometrics, Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 1Y9 10Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA 11State -
Fungi and Their Potential As Biological Control Agents of Beech Bark Disease
Fungi and their potential as biological control agents of Beech Bark Disease By Sarah Elizabeth Thomas A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway, University of London 2014 1 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Sarah Elizabeth Thomas, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: _____________ Date: 4th May 2014 2 ABSTRACT Beech bark disease (BBD) is an invasive insect and pathogen disease complex that is currently devastating American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in North America. The disease complex consists of the sap-sucking scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga and sequential attack by Neonectria fungi (principally Neonectria faginata). The scale insect is not native to North America and is thought to have been introduced there on seedlings of F. sylvatica from Europe. Conventional control strategies are of limited efficacy in forestry systems and removal of heavily infested trees is the only successful method to reduce the spread of the disease. However, an alternative strategy could be the use of biological control, using fungi. Fungal endophytes and/or entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) could have potential for both the insect and fungal components of this highly invasive disease. Over 600 endophytes were isolated from healthy stems of F. sylvatica and 13 EPF were isolated from C. fagisuga cadavers in its centre of origin. A selection of these isolates was screened in vitro for their suitability as biological control agents. Two Beauveria and two Lecanicillium isolates were assessed for their suitability as biological control agents for C. -
Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and Related Genera with Cylindrocarpon-Like Anamorphs
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 57–78. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.03 Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs P. Chaverri1*, C. Salgado1, Y. Hirooka1, 2, A.Y. Rossman2 and G.J. Samuels2 1University of Maryland, Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Rm. 240, B-010A, 10300 Beltsville Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA *Correspondence: Priscila Chaverri, [email protected] Abstract: Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genusCylindrocarpon . Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N. -
Novel Species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon Gen
STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 431–455. 2004. Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp.) Francois Halleen1, Hans-Josef Schroers2,3*, Johannes Z. Groenewald3 and Pedro W. Crous3 1ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), P. Bag X5026, Stellen- bosch, 7599, and the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; 2Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, p.p. 2553, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcul- tures, P.O. Box 85167, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Hans-Josef Schroers, [email protected] Abstract: Four Cylindrocarpon or Cylindrocarpon-like taxa isolated from asymptomatic or diseased Vitis vinifera plants in nurseries and vineyards of South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and France were morphologically and phylogenetically compared with other Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon taxa. Sequences of the partial nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA), internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of the rDNA including the 5.8S rDNA gene (ITS), and partial -tubulin gene introns and exons were used for phylogenetic inference. Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon species clustered in mainly three groups. One monophyletic group consisted of three subclades comprising (i) members of the Neonectria radicicola/Cylindrocarpon destructans complex, which contained strains isolated from grapevines in South Africa, New Zealand, and France; (ii) a Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon species isolated from grapevines in South Africa, Canada (Ontario), Australia (Tasmania), and New Zealand, described here as Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum; and (iii) an assemblage of species closely related to strains identified as Cylindrocarpon cylindroides, the type species of Cylindrocarpon. -
Checklists of the Myxomycetes, Larger Ascomycetes, and Larger
Posted online: january 2009 “This internet site was updated on January 2011” Summary published in MYCOTAXON 106: 65-68. Sesli, E. and Denchev, CM. (2008). Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon 106: 65–67 + online version [2011]: 1-136 (http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/checklists/sesli-v106-checklist.pdf) Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey 1 2 Ertuğrul Sesli & Cvetomir M. Denchev 1 Department of Biology Education, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria (e-mail: [email protected]) Corresponding author: [email protected] Sesli & Denchev – Checklists of the myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes in Turkey 2 Abstract This paper attempts to compile available data on myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes reported from or known to occur in Turkey, obtained from 428 publications issued between 1915 and January, 2011. Three main lists of correct names of myxomycetes, larger ascomycetes, and larger basidiomycetes, recognized as occurring in Turkey, are given, in which the taxa are alphabetically arranged. The total number of correct names of species, recognized as occurring in Turkey and presented in the checklists, is 2196, including 222 myxomycetes, 152 ascomycetes, and 1822 basidiomycetes. For each taxon, references are cited. An index of synonyms based on literature records from Turkey is appended. The index includes 890 species and infraspecific taxa. A list of excluded records of 80 species, providing reasons for their exclusion, is also given. -
Characterisation of Cylindrocarpon Spp
CHARACTERISATION OF CYLINDROCARPON SPP. ASSOCIATED WITH BLACK FOOT DISEASE OF GRAPEVINE Francois Halleen Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture at the University of Stellenbosch Promoter: Prof. Pedro W. Crous Co-promoter: Dr. Paul H. Fourie December 2005 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature: Date: http://scholar.sun.ac.za CHARACTERISATION OF CYLINDROCARPON SPP. ASSOCIATED WITH BLACK FOOT DISEASE OF GRAPEVINE SUMMARY During the past few years a drastic reduction has been noted in the survival rate of grafted grapevines in nurseries, as well as in young vineyards in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Circumstantial evidence suggested that Cylindrocarpon spp., which cause black foot disease of grapevine, were associated with this decline. Black foot disease of grapevine is a relatively new, and as yet poorly known disease affecting vines in various countries where grapevines are cultivated. Primary aims of this research have been (1) to conduct nursery surveys in order to determine which fungi are involved in the decline phenomenon, with special reference to the involvement of Cylindrocarpon spp., (2) to identify and characterise the organisms believed to be the causal organisms of black foot disease, and (3) the development of control and/or management strategies to prevent or eradicate Cylindrocarpon infections. Nursery grapevines were sampled at different stages from three commercial nurseries in the Wellington area of the Western Cape Province and were investigated during the 19992000 season by means of destructive sampling. -
Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria Species Causing Black Foot Disease of Andean Blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in Ecuador
diversity Article Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria Species Causing Black Foot Disease of Andean Blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in Ecuador Jessica Sánchez 1, Paola Iturralde 1, Alma Koch 1, Cristina Tello 2, Dennis Martinez 1, Natasha Proaño 1, Anibal Martínez 3, William Viera 3 , Ligia Ayala 1 and Francisco Flores 1,4,* 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (P.I.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (N.P.); [email protected] (L.A.) 2 Plant Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Panamericana Sur km 1, Cutuglahua 171108, Ecuador; [email protected] 3 Fruit Program, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Av. Interoceánica km 14 1⁄2, Tumbaco 170184, Ecuador; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (W.V.) 4 Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador * Correspondence: fjfl[email protected] Received: 7 October 2019; Accepted: 29 October 2019; Published: 14 November 2019 Abstract: Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) plants from the provinces of Tungurahua and Bolivar (Ecuador) started showing symptoms of black foot disease since 2010. Wilted plants were sampled in both provinces from 2014 to 2017, and fungal isolates were obtained from tissues surrounding necrotic lesions in the cortex of the roots and crown. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing of histone 3 and the translation elongation factor 1α gene, isolates were identified as one of seven species, Ilyonectria vredehoekensis, Ilyonectria robusta, Ilyonectria venezuelensis, Ilyonectria europaea, Dactylonectria torresensis, or Dactylonectria novozelandica. -
Preliminary Survey of Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) from Jigongshan, China
Fungal Diversity Preliminary Survey of Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) from Jigongshan, China Ye Nong1, 2 and Wen-Ying Zhuang1* 1Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China 2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P.R. China Nong, Y. and Zhuang, W.Y. (2005). Preliminary Survey of Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) from Jigongshan, China. Fungal Diversity 19: 95-107. Species of the Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae are reported for the first time from Jigongshan, Henan Province in the central area of China. Among them, three new species, Cosmospora henanensis, Hydropisphaera jigongshanica and Lanatonectria oblongispora, are described. Three species in Albonectria and Cosmospora are reported for the first time from China. Key words: Cosmospora henanensis, Hydropisphaera jigongshanica, Lanatonectria oblongispora, taxonomy. Introduction Studies on the nectriaceous fungi in China began in the 1930’s (Teng, 1934, 1935, 1936). Teng (1963, 1996) summarised work that had been carried out in China up to the middle of the last century. Recently, specimens of the Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae deposited in the Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HMAS) were re- examined (Zhuang and Zhang, 2002; Zhang and Zhuang, 2003a) and additional collections from tropical China were identified (Zhuang, 2000; Zhang and Zhuang, 2003b,c), whereas, those from central regions of China were seldom encountered. Field investigations were carried out in November 2003 in Jigongshan (Mt. Jigong), Henan Province. Eighty-nine collections of the Bionectriaceae and Nectriaceae were obtained. Jigongshan is located in the south of Henan (E114°05′, N31°50′).