Contributions

Ferdinand Mueller in the Jungles and 'Australian Switzerland' of East Gippsland

Linden Gillbank*

The vegetation of East Gippsland has a summers on extensive field trips long reputation for attracting botanical surveying the flora of the colony. Since interest. Impressive even to non- explorers and botanists, including botanically-trained eyes are sheltered Mueller himself, had already collected patches of cool and warm temperate and documented some of the plants of rainforest, and striking plants such as the lowland southern and eastern Australia, Gippsland Waratah, Telopea oreades F. Mueller was most anxious to investigate Muell., and the blotchy mintbush, the unknown flora of Victoria's alps - a Prostanthera walteri F. Muell. Before the flora which could provide new plants for conversion of many rich river flat European horticulture. However, he rainforests into pasture, and long before included lowland parts of Gippsland in the investigations of Norman Wakefield, each of these three epic expeditions David Ashton and David Cameron, (Barnard 1904; Gillbank 1992a). another botanist was also fascinated by East Gippsland was of particular interest the diversity and richness of the to a botanist in search of the eastern limits vegetation of East Gippsland. of Victorian plants and the southern limits Almost 140 years ago Victoria's first of sub-tropical plants. In his second and government botanist, Dr Ferdinand (later third trips Mueller crossed the lower Baron von) Mueller, sought a particular Snowy and Brodribb rivers to reach patch of near-coastal warm temperate Cabbage-tree Creek, where he marvelled rainforest - vine-smothered 'jungle' at the tropical appearance ofjungle which which nurtured the colony's only included the Cabbage Tree Palm, indigenous palm. Later he ventured even Livistona australis (R. Br.) Martius, and further east - into areas which he called many vines and other plants which 4 botanists, such as Robert Brown and Allan Australian Switzerland' . He was delighted with his botanical findings in Cunningham, had already found much both the 'jungles' and 'Australian further north along the eastern coast of Switzerland' of East Gippsland. Australia. A few years later Mueller tip of the This paper describes Mueller's mid- managed to reach the eastern of the nineteenth century botanical exploration colony and documented the flora environs - parts of of the largely trackless and little- known Genoa valley and its as 'Australian part of the colony east of the Snowy River. which he later described Decades later, as new tracks were being Switzerland*. 1853 cut through the district of Croajingolong, First field trip, expedition began Mueller proposed that FNCV members Mueller's first field January 1853, within days of his should visit the region, and argued for the late in Government Botanist. formation of vegetation reserves in East appointment as covering over 2,000 Gippsland. The five month trip but included Ferdinand Mueller kilometres targeted the alps (Gillbank 1 99 ). Dr Ferdinand Mueller was appointed to parts of South Gippsland 1 1853 Mueller stayed at Alberton. the new position of Government Botanist In May end of the Tambo Valley for the young colony of Victoria in At the southern and the Monaro Tableland, January 1853, and spent his first three track toOmeo Alberton was the gate-way to Gippsland. From there he sailed across to Wilson's * History and Philosopy of Science Department Promontory, whose flora he was keen to The University of Melbourne Parkville 3052, 209 Vol. 110 (5) 1993 Contributions

compare with that of Tasmania. Pleased (Williamson 1919). Since, in the 1850s, with his botanical findings, he was aware the exact position of the eastern end of the

that botanical riches awaited discovery in NSW-Victorian border was still other parts of Gippsland. As he explained unknown, it could be said that Mueller to the Chief Secretary, was being thorough, as well as generous, I feel perfectly convinced, that the more in including plants from the Snowy distant localities in the East and North of Mountains in the flora of Victoria. Gipps land must be considered as the Since Mueller's reports and letters were richest and most deserving country for a primarily vehicles for botanical full phytological exploration (Mueller to information, it is unfortunate but not Lonsdale, 19 May 1853). surprising that they include only rare The fruits of Mueller's second and third mention of the people who provided expeditions vindicated his botanical information, company and shelter, and expectations. only sparse details of the routes he Second Field Trip, 1853/54 followed. Mueller did report that, during During his second expedition, Mueller his quest for the Cabbage Tree Palms in managed to reach both North and East the summer of 1853/54, he was unable to Gippsland. In the summer of 1853/54 follow the Snowy River southwards from bushfires prevented his reaching the heart where he thought it crossed the NSW of Victoria's alps. Disappointed, he border. Instead he had to backtrack to climbed the Cobberas mountains and then Omeo to follow the main Monaro-Gippsland continued in a north-easterly direction to track down the Tambo valley and then trek where he thought the Snowy River eastwards across the lower Snowy River crossed the unsurveyed NSW border. He towards Cabbage-tree Creek (Mueller to followed the main Monaro-Omeo track Foster, 10 March 1854). from south of the Cobberas across the His published reports do not reveal his ranges to the junction of the Pinch and source of information about those palms. Snowy rivers and perhaps a further few However, in a letter written decades later, miles up the Snowy Valley (Wakefield Mueller acknowledged some pastoral 1952). By the Snowy river Mueller (1854) help. He mentioned that the McLeods noticed the Kurrajong, Brachychiton knew of the unusual patch of palms near populneus R. Br., the lower Brodribb River, which then a beautiful tree from the tropics, growing formed the eastern boundary of John with its turgid stem out of the bare granite McLeod's Orbost run. The Newmerella or rocks, washed by the tremendous floods Lochend run on the other (western) side of the melting snow. With many of its of the Snowy River was leased by John's usual companions, it reaches here its most older brother, Norman (Wakefield southerly limits. 1969a). Mueller explained that, while Mueller's collections from this part of searching for pasture, Norman McLeod the Snowy Valley were all from well and two other squatters had stumbled within what is now known to be New across the patch of palms, which, South since it Wales and included several species was not pasture vegetation, held little which were not authentically recorded for interest for them (Mueller to Barnard, Jjctona for nearly a century (Wakefield 19 February 1889). 1952). Mueller was quite generous (some In March may 1854, several years after the say cavalier) in determining which pastoralists' discovery of the palms, P ants could be considered Victorian Mueller reached Plants McLeod's deserted found within about a day's walk Orbost run and the already-named outside the colony's border were accepted Cabbage-tree Creek, where he found the as Victorian and included in his 'Key to Cabbage Tree the Palms, whose genus he System of Victorian Plants' sometimes called Corypha and 210 Victorian Nat. Contributions

sometimes Livistona. He quickly late in the season and many plants were informed the Chief Secretary that: already in fruit. To observe their flowers, Here occurs between the Broadribb [sic] Mueller realized that he would have to and Snowy-river sparingly and on a rather revisit East Gippsland earlier in the circumscribed locality on the Cabbage-tree season. river the stately Corypha australis, the Perhaps many other connections with the only Palmtree of the province (Mueller to Flora of the Morton-bay district will be Foster, 10 March 1854). once pointed out, as I could in this cursory In this letter, and in his Annual Report visit not exhaust the botanical richdom of Mueller wrote glowingly of this beautiful the place; for the impossibility of fan palm. recrossing the Snowy River without The stately Corypha palm or Livistonia canoes in rainy weather and the want of [sic] australis, one of the 'princes of the protection against the hostilities of the vegetable world,' attains here the height aborigines since the Squatting- stations of more than sixty feet, and may be here are deserted, induced me to an earlier deemed one of the most useful return, as I originally desired (Mueller to productions of our Flora, furnishing in its Foster, 10 March 1854). young leafstalks and terminal bud the He forwarded his botanical specimens to palm cabbage, a food equally wholesome Governor La Trobe via the Police and delicious, whilst the fan-shaped Magistrate at Alberton, who, on Mueller's leaves are eagerly collected for the previous expedition, had helped him manufacture of hats (Mueller 1854). reach Wilson's Promontory (Mueller to Mueller was pleased and proud to be La Trobe, 14 March 1854). Excited but able to locate and identify Victoria's only only partly satisfied with his botanical palm and to make its presence known to observations, Mueller returned to the the government and public. Botanic Gardens in Melbourne to Mueller was amazed that, at a latitude complete his over 3,000 kilometre trek. similar to that of Melbourne, the Third field trip, 1854/55 vegetation appeared so tropical. On his third epic botanical expedition Many of the plants which the late Allan Mueller succeeded in reaching the alps of Cunningham collected in Illawarra and Victoria and New South Wales, from where he again sought to visit made that locality his favourite place, I the fabulous palm jungles of East Gippsland. was also fortunate enough to observe here This time he travelled south along the track to the towards the mouth of the Snowy river and west of the Snowy River, through along the Broadribb [sic] and Cabbage- Wulgulmerang, Murrindal and Buchan tree river, where almost suddenly the pastoral runs, to the lower Snowy River vegetation assumes a tropical character (Wakefield 1969b). Late in January 1855 with all its shady groves of dark and he sought the flowers of plants which he broadleaved trees of horizontal foliage, had observed already in fruit during his with all those impenetrable and intricate previous visit. masses of climbers over the running I collected in the Cabbage-tree country highest trees, and with so many peculiar Cissus Australasica beautifully in flower;

forms of the vegetable Kingdom never but I was again too late for Celastrus transgressing the tropical zone unless Australis, Cocculus Harveyanus, and under the favourable influence of the others, which are yet required in an early humid mild atmosphere of die coast state of development (Mueller 1855b). (Mueller to Foster, 10 March 1854). Mueller (1855d) travelled as far east Mueller was thrilled with the variety of along the East Gippsland coast as the 'tropical* plants growing in East boggy nature of the country permitted and that, Gippsland. Unfortunately however, it was realized for an investigation of the

Vol. 110(5)1993 211 Contributions

vegetation further to the east, he would with the name Cissus hypoglauca . In his have to approach it from the other 'Plants Indigenous to the Colony of direction - from the south-eastern corner Victoria' Mueller (1862) used Gray's of New South Wales. In the autumn of name but later, in his 'Key to the System

1855 he returned to Melbourne via of Victorian Plants', Mueller ( 1 888) tried pastoral runs by Lakes King and to influence the naming of the native Wellington. grape by calling it Vttis hypoglauca. Taxonomic tinkerings However, Gray's name has endured. The difficulty ofcorrectly naming plants Mueller was more successful with his so far from other botanical authorities and two other names. The first recorded from the herbarium specimens which had Australian species of Celastrus still bears been used in their naming (now called Mueller's name. His specimens in type specimens) is illustrated by the eight Victoria's National Herbarium, three of plant names which Mueller (1854) listed which are now the type specimens for in his Annual Report as examples of Celastrus australis Harvey & F. Muell., tropical climbing plants - came from the Snowy and Buchan rivers Cissus A ustralasica, Cocculus and a rocky mountain near the Murrindal Harveyanus, Celastrus Australis, River, a tributary of the Snowy. Morinda jasminoides, Tylophora Mueller suffered some indecision about barbata, Marsdenia rostrata, Smilax his third new name, Cocculus Harveyanus. spinescens, Eustrephus latifolius On the labels of the herbarium specimens, In his first trip to East Gippsland in which he collected from the mouth of the March 1854, Mueller was seeing each of Snowy River, the Brodribb River, and these plants for the first time. Five of the Cabbage-tree Creek in March 1854 and climbers had already been named. January 1855, Mueller sometimes wrote Accompanying Matthew Flinders on his Cocculus Harveyanus and sometimes circumnavigation of Australia at the Sarcopetalum Harveyanum. Mueller took beginning of the nineteenth century, a specimen to grow in the Botanic Robert Brown had collected and later Gardens, Melbourne, which flowered in (1810) named Tylophora barbata, November 1859. Later Mueller (1862) Marsdenia rostrata, Smilax australis, and officially described and named the vine Eustrephus latifolius; while Morinda Sarcopetalum Harveyanum in honour of jasminoides was Allan Cunningham's his esteemed and learned friend, Professor name which William Hooker published in William Harvey of Trinity College, 1834 (Ross 1993). Mueller was aware of Dublin, who visited Victoria in the spring and correctly used all but one of these and summer of 1854 and who, jointly with names - Smilax spinescens instead of S. Mueller( 1 855a), named Celastrus Australis. australis. Subsequently Mueller (1888) Mueller (1862) considered these two used Brown's name for native plants noteworthy as examples of the sarsaparilla. most southerly 'commencement of the The three other climbers' names were tropical jungle flora, which in eastern Mueller's. In a paper presented to Australia bears so much resemblance to Victoria's Philosophical Society late in thatofIndia'(p27). 1854, Mueller (1855a) had officially Climbing plants are crucial elements in described and named Cissus Australasica the ecology and physiognomy of the and Celastrus Australis. His name for the warm temperate rainforests of East native grape which he found on the banks Gippsland. Thick festoons of vines affect of the Brodribb River, Cissus the humidity, wind speed, and sunlight Australasica, was too late. Across the entering these rainforests and give them Pacific the American botanist, Asa Gray their jungle appearance. A small patch of had just beaten him in the naming game 'jungle' may include over a dozen species

212 Victorian Nat. Contributions

plants, of climbing most of which are Mueller (1855b) also had high hopes for rarely found in Victoria outside East a new species of Solanum: Gippsland. These climbers emphasize the Here, on the coast, and in various other uniqueness in Victoria this of rainforest parts of Gipps' Land, I observed a vegetation. Solanum, called by the aborigines As Mueller noted, many plant families Gungang [Gunyang], which promises to as well as genera reach their most become an additional fruit-shrub of our southern latitude here and are not found gardens. I have not yet obtained the elsewhere in Victoria. Each of the three perfect ripe fruit, which is said to be of vines, Cissus hypoglauca A. Gray (jungle excellent taste, and of which the natives

I grape), Sarcopetalum harveyanum F. are passionately fond. In the summer and Muel 1 . (pearl vi ne) , and Celastrus autumn of 1855 Mueller (1855c) found

i australis Harvey & F. Muell. (staff the tasty-fruited Gunyang growing quite

! climber), is the only Victorian member, widely - on sandy ridges round Lake not just of its genus, but of its family - Wellington, along the coast towards the the Vitaceae, Menispermaceae, and mouth of the River, Celastraceae respectively. Four other Snowy on grassy hills vines which Mueller collected from East of the Tambo and Nicholson rivers, near the Buchan River, and on the banks of the I Gippsland jungles and which Robert La Trobe River. Mueller (1855c) gave it ! Brown had named early in the nineteenth century - Smilax australis R. Br. (Austral its current name Solanum vescum R I Sarsaparilla or Lawyer-vine), Muell. I Ripogonum By in February Mueller I album R. Br. (White Supplejack), Lake King 1855

i Eustrephus latifolius R. Br. (Wombat (1855d) also observed, amongst other rare and unknown plants, I Berry or Orange Vine), and Geitonoplesium some fine trees of Acronychia, a genus i cymosum (R, Br.) Cunn. (Scrambling Lily

i or Shepherd's Joy)- were once considered known from Eastern Australia and New Victoria's only climbing lilies. These four Caledonia, remarkable for its splendid plants were recently taken out of the wood and the aromatic property by which I Liliaceae and now constitute the only the species are pervaded. Victorian members of the family A member of the Rulaceae, Acronychia Smilacaceae (Ross 1993). oblongifolia (Cunn. ex Hook.) Endl. ex Useful plants Heynh., has the common name Mueller was always on the lookout for Yellow-wood. Its yellow, hard, new useful plants. East Gippsland was straight-grained, dense timber is suitable indeed a garden of Eden. As well as the for tool handles and mallets, veneers and Cabbage Tree Palm, he noted and cabinet work as well as carving. .gathered seeds of a kind of elder tree, a From Eden, 1860 raspberry, and a species of Smilax, which In 1 860 Mueller realized his ambition of .he hoped would be medicinally allied to half a decade earlier and approached the far eastern tip of Victoria from New South i the true American Sarsaparilla (Mueller to Foster, 10 March 1854). Mueller (1855a) Wales before the summer months. He Melbourne to Twofold Bay on ] hoped that the new elder tree, which he sailed from found on shady moist banks of the Snowy, the service newly established for the Brodribb, Cabbage-tree rivers, would exodus of goldminers from Melbourne en I and |*be as useful as the common elder, whose route to the Snowy Mountains diggings 17 September 1860). lhabit it aped. In his paper to Victoria's (Mueller to Hooker, Philosophical Society, Mueller (1855a) In one of his characteristically long described and named the new elder tree sentences Mueller (1861a) in his Annual related that: ISambucus xanthocarpa. It has since been Report irenamed S. australasica (Lindley) Fritsch. During the month of September I was

Vol. 110 (5) 1993 213 ( imtnbuttons

engaged In elucidating the vegetation Mueller (IKolb) recognised it as a new along ilie south-eastern frontier! of the species and named it after Milton's colony, crossing the country 1mm nymphs ol the mountains, the Oreads. TWofold Hay to the Genoa, along which On the herbarium label of the specimen

river I travelled to the coast, deviating to which he collected on that trip and whieh Cape llowc and to the adjoining is now the type specimen of Telopea freshwater lake, and ascended again the oreades K Muelf, Mueller recorded that

Genoa Rivet to new its sources, it was found on Nungatta Creek. Mueller examining the adjacent elevated counliy is not the only name on that label. The .ind the Nungalla mountains on my way, name of the lessee of Nungatta Station,

wheie I was rewarded with the discovery Wealherhead, is also recorded. Perhaps

Wannliili |sic[ ( /wv/^//'A) ofanew /f7rv>*'#/ t they discovered it together. However it is which luxuriate! at an elevation ol *IOO0 more likely that, as was the case for (he feet, and where also a vci v remarkahle and Victorian patch of Cabbage Tree Palms, beautiful tree, hitherto unknown botanical science was aided by pastoral {El&iOCarpUS halttprtalus), was added to knowledge, Weatherhead probably told or our collection. showed Muellci where the beautiful Inalettet to Sir William Hooker at Kew Waratah grew on his run. The Gippsland and later in his Annual Report, Mucllei Waratah and Black Oliveberry still bear was pleased to iceord his discovery of I wo the names Mueller (1861b) gave them - species ol Ih'tnlrohtttm orchids so lar Teiopea oreades and ElaeocarpuS south. On frosty Genoa Peak and othei holopetalus - and were subsequently POCky Outcrops in the vicinity of the lowei found in Victoria. Other plants which Genoa River he noted /> patches of Mueller collected across the border in speciosum and another species which he I860 and included in his 'Key to the referred to as /> Mllltgani (Mueller to System of Victorian Plants', have not HookflT, 17 September I860; Mueller Subsequently been found in Victoria

I Kol a). (Wakefield [952). In I860 than were six pastoral runs By I860 Victoria's first government along the valley of the C.enoa kivet and botanist. Or I'crdinand Mueller, had its BOUWe streams - Bondi, Nungalla, completed a substantial perlustration of Wongrabeli/Wfchgarabell, Merrimingo the flora of Hast (iippsland. He had /Maramingo. (ienoa and Mallacoota recorded for the first lime in Victoria (Wakelield 1969a), Howevci, tins was the many plants already known from lust botanical exploration (lor anything elsewhere and had named many plants other than pasture) Of this remote part oi new to science the colony. Towards conservation Although Mueller collected in the Mueller's interest in the tlora of Hast vicinity of Cape Howe. Mallacoota. (iippsland continued long after his treks ( ienoa Peak, and the (ienoa River, he in the region. As a founding member of discovered two ol" Hast (iippsland's the young I'NCV, Baron von Mueller botanical gems, the (iippsland Waratah suggested the permanent reservation and of the Black Oliveberry. outs.de East areas o\ the Cabbage Free Palm and the l Iippsland in the Nungattfl mountains on Waratah (Mueller to Barnard, 10 the August NSW side of the vet -to be determined IKS7. ami I September ISS7). ho.dcr He called When he lust saw the Waratah the Waratah country of Bast Gippsland Mueller the thought thai it was the Thsmanian Australian Switzerland*, a term which species, lelopea trumata R Br.: It was one of his collectors, the landscape *•»> I) m the season and he had not vet seen photographer Charles Walter, had used in ginnl Rowen (Mueller to Hooker 25 the

2i4 Victorian Nut, Contributions

newly named Mount Ellery (Gillbank were protected within the incredibly 1992b). indented boundary of the Errinundra Mueller also proposed the extensive National Park. The Baron would be FNCV expedition in East Gippsland in relieved that some Waratah country in January 1889, and helped to identify areas he sometimes referred to as plants which Professor Baldwin Spencer 'Australian Switzerland' has eventually and four other Club members brought been reserved in a National Park. back (Spencer and French 1889). Their Mueller and the FNCV deserve our botanical enthusiasm for Victoria's thanks for surveying the vegetation and isolated patch of palms on the for arguing for its preservation. Cabbage-tree Creek matched the Baron's. Sometimes it takes a long time for a vision With Mueller's support, the FNCV to be realized. successfully sought Acknowledgements to reserve from selection a strip of country I thank Sara Maroske, from the Mueller along the banks of the Cabbage-tree Correspondence Project, for supplying Creek, County of Croajingolong. This transcripts of Mueller's unpublished proposed reservation which should letters, and Angela Taylor and Sheila extend for about two chains on each side Houghton for other correspondence in the of the creek from the 9 mile tree to the FNCV Archives. 1 6th would contain the best groups of the References Cabbage Palms and is the only spot in Unpublished letters Victoria where this beautiful palm is to be A53/4902, unit 408, VPRS 3991 inwards registered correspondence, VA 860 Chief Secretary's Office, Public seen in its natural state (Barnard to Records Office, Lavenon, Victoria, Australia: Mueller to Secretary for Lands, 12 February 1889). Lonsdale, 19 May 1853. In March 1889, a reservation of 8,500 E54/3047, unit 203, VPRS 1189 inwards registered acres was gazetted (Secretary for Lands to correspondence, VA 856 Colonial Secretary's Office, Public Records Barnard, 28 March 1889). The wooden Office, Laverton, Victoria, Australia: Mueller to Foster, 10 March 1854. sign now at the start of the walking track Item 531, box 72/5, La Trobe papers. La Trobc in the reserve commemorates Spencer but Collection, State Library of Victoria, Melbourne, not the FNCV. Victoria, Australia: Mueller to La Trobe, 14 March 1854, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Directors' Letters, Vol. Mueller was pleased with the LXXV, Australian and Pacific Letters 1859-1865, Letter reservation of the area of Cabbage Tree No. 127: Mueller to William Hooker. 17 September 1860, Palms, but was concerned that Victoria's & 25 October I860. beautiful Waratah was not protected in FNCV Archives 015-028: Mueller to Barnard, 10 August 1887. any reserve. As a member of the FNCV FNCV Archives 015-031: Mueller to Barnard, I the Committee for the preservation of September 1887. indigenous vegetation, Mueller repeated FNCV Archives 022-045: Mueller to Barnard, 19 his earlier plea for the permanent February 1889. FNCV Archives 022-047: Barnard to Secretary for reservation of some Waratah country, and Lands, 12 February 1889. urged that the Club apply for FNCV Archives 022-049: Secretary for Lands to 'withdrawing from selection the best of Barnard, 28 March 1889. the Waratah Vallies in Eastern FNCV Archives 014-019: Mueller to Barnard, 3 May Gippsland', which Professor Spencer and 1890. Published sources his companions would be able to describe, Barnard, F, G. A. (1904). Some Early Botanical *so that the District Surveyors might Explorations in Victoria. The Victorian Naturalist become instructed to keep these glorious 21: 17-28. Gillbank, L. (1991). Ferdinand Mueller in Gippsland. spots intact' (Mueller to Barnard, 3 May Gippslutid Heritage Journal 10: 3-10. 1890). Gillbank, L. (1992a). Alpine Botanical Expeditions of A century after the FNCV members had Ferdinand Mueller. Muelleria 7: 473-489. Gillbank, L. (1992b). Charles Waller -collector of images seen Waratahs on Mt Ellery and near and plants in East Gippsland. Gippsland Heritage Goonmirk Rocks, their descendent plants AKir/w/13: 3-10.

Vol. 110 (5) 1993 215 Contributions

Report of the Botanist and Director of the Botanic and Zoologic Mueller, F. (1853). First General Garden. Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Government Botanist on the Vegetation of the Proceedings Assembly 1860-1 vol 3, Paper no 19, p!2. Colony, 5 September 1853. Votes and Phytographiae Victoria, 1853-4 vol 1, Mueller, f! (1861b). Fragmenta of the Legislative Council of AustraUae2: 143, 170. Paper no A. 26a. of the Mueller, F. (1862). The Plants indigenous to the Colony Mueller, F (1854). Second General Report of Victoria*, vol 1 (Government Printer: Melbourne). Government Botanist on the Vegetation of the on Mueller, F. (1888). 'Key to the System of Victorian Colony, 5 October 1854. Votes and Proceedings vol Plants', vols I & U (Government Printer, the Legislative Council of Victoria, 1854-5 1, Melbourne). Paper no A. 18. or hitherto Ross, J. H. (1993). 'A Census of the Vascular Plants of Mueller, F. (1855a). Definitions of rare Victoria'. (National Herbarium of Victoria: undesribed Australian plants, chiefly collected Melbourne.) within the boundaries of the colony of Victoria. W. B. and French, C. (1889). Trip to Transactions of the Philosophical Society 1: 5-24, Spencer, Croajingolong. The Victorian Naturalist 6: 1-38. 34-50. Wakefield. N. A. (1952). Premature and erroneous Mueller, F. (1855b). Botany of Victoria (Southern records of plants for Victoria. The Victorian Australia). Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Naturalist 69: 80-89. Garden Miscellany 7: 237-238. Wakefield, N. A. (1969a). Aspects of Exploration and Mueller, F. (1855c). Accouni of the Gunyang: A new Settlement of East Gippsland. Proceedings of the indigenous fruit of Victoria. Transactions ami Royal Society Victoria 82: 7-25. Proceedings of the Victorian Institute for the of Wakefield. N. A. (1969b). Botanical Exploration of East Advancement of Science 1: 67-70. Gippsland. Proceedings the Royal Society Mueller, F.(1855d). Annual Report from the Government of of Victoria 82: 6 1-67. Botanist for the year 1 854. Votes and Proceedings of B. (1919). Notes on the Census of the Legislative Council of Victoria. 1855-6 vol 1, Williamson, H. Victorian Plants. The Victorian Naturalist 36: 11-19. Paper no A. 10, p4. Mueller, F. (1861a). Annual Report of the Government itua

lrxU*|^»i: niratJUa ; y

The Gippsland Waratah Telopea oreades. From A.J. Ewart (1910, Melbourne). 'Plants Indigenous to Victoria" Vol. II Plate LXXIII.

216 Victorian Nat.