Creative Arts and Design

W 940 Creative Arts and Design Authored by: Sue Byrd, PhD, Professor Emeritus, University of Tennessee at Martin Bethany Walsh, Art Education Student, University of Tennessee Martin Jessica Rogers, Art Education Student, University of Tennessee Martin Reviewed for Pedagogy: Jennifer K. Richards, PhD, Assistant Professor, Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications Molly A. West, PhD, Lecturer, Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications Unit 1: Principles and Elements of Design Activity 1 - Color in Art Project Outcomes Recognize a color wheel. Define basic color terms. Color, it’s around us every day. But do we know what it is? Color is a big part of our life because without it the world would be very bland. So, what is color exactly? Color is light. Light To learn about color, you must first understand light. Light is a wave and whenever its wavelengths change so do the colors. A wavelength is the distance between two high points in a wave, which creates a spectrum of colors that we call the rainbow. We only see the rainbow when the colors of the light are separated. The light from the sun and from the lightbulbs in your room is called white light. All the colors and their wavelengths come together and make up white light. Light Creating Color Most of the white light that comes from places like the sun, your lamp, or your flashlight is absorbed by the object it hits. When there is one color or one wave with a different wavelength that cannot be absorbed by the object, it bounces off and this is the color our eyes see. For example, if we were to shine a flashlight (white light) onto a leaf, all the colors in the white light would be absorbed except for the green light. This green light would bounce off the leaf and it is what our eye would see. The Color Wheel Artists and designers are masters of color. They have a way of organizing the colors into groups to help them use them in their work better. They use the color wheel to do this. There are three groups of colors that make up the color wheel: Primary colors, Secondary colors, and the Tertiary colors. Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. You cannot mix any two colors to create a primary color. Secondary colors are green, orange, and purple. When you mix any two primary colors, you create a secondary color. Tertiary colors are yellow-green, yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, and blue-green. When you mix a primary and a secondary color together, you create a tertiary color. Complementary colors or colors directly across from another color on the color wheel. When you look at colors, you may notice that some colors are bright and clear, while others may be muted or dulled. A color or hue can look different depending on its value and intensity. What does this mean? In order to understand this, look at the following terms. Color Terms: • hue - The color name in its purest form. Examples include red, blue, yellow, violet, etc. • value - the lightness or darkness of a color. A tint is made when white is added to the hue making it light. A shade is when black is added to the hue which makes the color dark. • intensity - the brightness or dullness of a color. Some hues are more intense than others. To lessen the brightness of a color, you add some of the complement color. More About Color Value Value is the lightness or darkness of a color. A light value is called a “tint” and is created by adding white to a color. An example is pink which is a tint of red. A dark value is called a “shade” and is created by adding black to a color. An example is burgundy which is a shade of red. Below you can see what we call the value scale. It consists of black, white, and a range of grays. It also can be a color and the lights and darks of that color. Examine the landscape and locate the tints of blue and the shades of blue. Test Your Knowledge Now that you have learned about color, let’s see what you learned by completing this quiz below. 1. What is color? a. Paint b. A cell c. Light 2. What is light? a. A wave b. A glow c. Molecular 3. What colors make up white light? a. Red, yellow, and blue b. Purple and green c. All colors 4. How do you make a primary color? a. You can’t make a primary color b. Mix two secondary colors c. Mix all colors together 5. What kind of color do you make when you mix two primary colors together? a. Another primary color b. A secondary color c. A tertiary color 6. What do you mix together to make a tertiary color? a. Two secondary colors b. One secondary and one primary color c. Two primary colors B 6. B; 5. A; 4. C; 3. A; 2. C; 1. Exercise 1 - Create Your Own Color Wheel Materials Watercolor paints or other type paints – Red, Yellow, Blue Paint brushes Thick paper or canvas Create your own color wheel using only primary colors to create secondary and tertiary colors. Follow the guidelines listed above to create the secondary and tertiary colors. You will find that you may need more or less of a particular color in order to make the secondary or tertiary color. After you have experimented on paper, use the canvas to create a picture using at least one primary, one secondary and one tertiary color. Have fun mixing the colors and see what you can create! Exercise 2 - Creating Tints and Shades of Colors Materials Watercolor paints or other type paints – Red, Yellow, Blue, White, and Black Paint brushes Thick paper or canvas Now that you have learned about value in color, it’s time to experiment! Create an abstract design using one primary color and the tints and shades of that color. Remember to add white to the color to create a tint and black to create a shade. You can also mix two primaries and make a secondary color, then do the same with the secondary color. Experiment with the amount of white or black that you add to the color. To darken colors like red, yellow, and orange, sometimes it works better to add just a little of the color’s complement. For example, add just a little green to red to darken the red; add violet to yellow; add blue to orange. Experiment with this since it only takes a small amount. Activity 2 - Elements of Design Lines Project Outcomes: Define the element of design – line. Label the design (art) elements “line” in specific works. Look around you. What do you see? Everything that you look at is made up of the different elements of design. All objects are defined by lines. A line is considered the most basic of the elements of design. Whether you are looking at a painting, a woven basket, or the furniture in your bedroom, you are viewing lines. Some facts about lines: • Lines have an endless number of uses in the creation of arts, crafts, graphic art, or interior design. • Lines create movement. They control the viewer’s eye so that the eyes must move to follow it. • Lines can describe edges. • Line have the potential to suggest movement. A simple way of thinking of a line is to imagine a point that moves. The most common use of a line is showing where an object ends. This type of line is called a contour line. Contour lines are commonly called outlines. To learn more about contour lines, scan the QR code with a smart device or click the image to open the website. Examine the images below that outline the objects. Make note of lines. A line can create an illusion of form, giving a drawing a sense of 3-dimension (3D). In examining the images from the previous page, which one is drawn to give you a sense of 3-D? ______________________________________ Exercise 1: Line Importance Materials Household item Pencil Plain, white paper Find an item around your house or outside and draw only the outline (outside) of the object. Can you tell what it is? Show your drawing to someone and have them identify the object. Now take the same object and draw the outline and use lines to draw the details of the object. You may also play with drawing lines that make the object look 3-dimensional. Hint: You may want to buy you an art pad and use this for your various drawings throughout this unit. It can also be used as part of a display or photographed for your 4-H portfolio. Here is an example of a pumpkin. Types of Lines There are different types of lines used in art and design. Let’s learn about each type and review examples of each. Vertical lines or lines that move up and down without any slant. Vertical lines portray the feeling of height, strength, and dignity. Vertical lines can be thick or thin. Check out the four examples on the next page. Parthanon Graphic Design Fiber Arts Wall Hang (Athens, Greece) How would you describe the effect of vertical lines on the objects or building above? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Horizontal lines or lines that are parallel to the horizon. They imply calmness, quiet and repose. Pottery Waiting room Planters 3-D Art How would you describe the effect of horizontal lines on the objects or areas shown above? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Diagonal lines or lines that slant.

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