DOCSLIB.ORG

The Application of Ionic Dyes to Ionic Fibers: Nylon, Silk and Wool and Their Sorption of Anions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Application of Ionic Dyes to Ionic Fibers: Nylon, Silk and Wool and Their Sorption of Anions ' Chapter 10/Part 2: The Application of Ionic Dyes to Ionic Fibers: Nylon, Silk and Wool and Their Sorption of Anions By J. R. ASPLAND. School of Textiles, Clemson University, Clemson, S. C. 0 repeat the objectives of this chap- ionic and cationic charges associated with These compounds became known as mor- T ter, the sorption of anionic dyes will them, it is to be anticipated that ionic dants, from the Latin word meaning to be examined including acid, mordant attractions might occur between oppo- bite. The mordant bites into the dye and (chrome), premetallized and reactive sitely charged species in the dyebath and in the fiber and holds on. dyes. Disperse dyes cover chemical barre the fiber. But first, a look at the kinds of However, around 1850, chromium salts well on nylon, and for this reason are used dyes used for these fibers. were discovered, and as far as the mordant for a significant portion of the textile dyeing of wool was concerned, the other business where outstanding light- and Acid and Mordant Dyes mordants fell rapidly behind. The extent wetfastness are not required. The subject The name acid dyes is derived from the to which this happened is shown in Ref. (3) was treated in Chapters 7 and 8. Reactive fact that for centuries some water soluble in which Bird calls his chapter on mordant groups can either be added to a disperse dyes have been more readily applied to dyeing, Chrome Dyes. There are virtually dye structure or an acid dye structure and wool and silk from aqueous dyebaths no wool mordant dyes in use today that do their uptake properties, as opposed to their containing acids than from neutral dye- not use chromium compounds. fixation properties, will be determined baths (I). Those acid dyes of natural Chromium, in the form of sodium (or accordingly. origin-Le., which predate 1856 and Per- potassium) bichromate, NalCrl07, has It is already possible to write a useful kin-have been combined with other nat- been optionally applied to wool either general formula for all anionic dyes: ural coloring matters and are now listed as before, during or after dyeing with mor- naturaldyes in theColour Index (2).Most Dye"-. n. Naf dant dyes; but the first two choices, known synthesized acid dyes depend on pendant as the chrome mordant and the meta- which simply indicates the dye anions have sulfonate salt groups, -SOjNa, for their chrome methods respectively have been n charges associated with them (n is solubilityas do thedirect dyes. superseded by the afterchrome method. normally from one to four), and that these The name mordant dyes refers only to Here, the mordant dyes are applied as anions are normally accompanied by an those water soluble acid dyes which con- normal acid dyes to the wool, and enough equivqlent number of sodium cations. tain groups which are capable of reacting acid is added to exhaust the bath. The Since we have already seen that protein in the presence of the tiber with selected temperature is lowered to ca. 70C (1 60F), and polyamide fibers (PA) can have an- metallic cations, known as mordants, to 0.2-3.0% sodium bichromate, depending give metal-dye complexes with increased on the depth of shade, is added and the molecular size and improved fastness. temperature raised to the boil for 30-60 This is the conventional definition of minutes. mordant dyes, but strictly speaking mor- During the process the bichromate ion, ABSTRACT dants can complex with other classes of Cr207=, is absorbed by the wool, the dyes and do not have to be cationic or hexavalent chromium (written Cr6+ or Cr Acid, mordant (chrome) and metallic. For example, basic dyes (cat- VI) is reduced (gains three negative elec- premetallized dyes are introduced and ionic) can be dyed onto silk treated with a trons) to trivalent chromium (writen Cr3+ the chemical nature of metal-dye tannin (anionic) mordant. But, leaving the or Cr 111) by a complex series of interac- complexes is considered. The general question of what is a mordant, let tions with sulfur containing (cystine) mechanism of dyeing protein and polyamide fibers with anionic dyes is us answer another more specific question. groups in the wool, and chromium-dye discussed in terms of the Langmuir and What is a metallic mordant? complex compounds are formed in the Nernst sorption isotherms. A qualitative fiber. picture of the action of leveling or Metal Compounds as Mordants Mordant (chrome) dyes are still in use restraining agents is developed. Centuries before the development of sys- today-the AATCC Buyer's Guide lists tematic chemical knowledge, man had about 40 dyes (4). The afterchromed discovered that pretreating or post-treat- dyeings have outstandingly good wash- KEY TERMS ing the available textile fibers with differ- and lightfastness on wool, although the Acid Dyes ent earths in the dyebath could lead to the colors are generally rather dull, with Anionic Dyes production of a range of different hues blacks, navies, browns and dull yellows Chrome Dyes from the same natural dye. Not only that, easily predominating. It is interesting to Leveling Agents but someof thecombinations of earths and note that C.I. Mordant Black 11 is one of Mordants dyes produced colors with more desirable the most widely used dyes in the world. Nernst Isotherms properties than others. And so, inevitably, However, several questions remain un- Nylon patterns began to emerge. Eventually it answered. For example, what is the nature Premetallized Dyes became known that metallic compounds of the chromium-dye complexes and what Silk of aluminum, cobalt, copper, iron and happens to the chromium? The next sec- Wool others were responsible for the improve- tion will address these questions. Do any of ments in the properties of the dyeings. the environmentally undesirable chro- March 1993 CCO 55 Nylon, Silk and Wool by an arrow pointing from the donor atom, wool fibers, although it is hard to establish or by a dotted line, Fig. 1. whether they do or not. Certain structures and configurations of The resulting structure in Fig. 2b is a mium salts end up in the effluent? The individual dye molecules enable them to 1: 1, meta1:dye co-ordination complex (see answer to this question is yes. And since it provide metal (mordant) ions with not the section on premetallized dyes). The is estimated that of all the dyes being used only one but two, three and even four overall charge on the complex will depend for wool worldwide, chrome dyes repre- ligands; e.g., the copper phthalocyanine on whether the nondye ligands were sent about 36%, the answer yes represents structure shown in Chapter 2, Part 11. nonionic or anionic. Unfortunately, the a substantial problem. Such dyes are known as polydentate resonance ensures that the resulting ionic Although there has been much effort ligands (with many teeth). They are also charge is delocalized and spread about expended to reduce the amount of chro- known as chelating agents, from the Greek within the structure, making it hard to mium in the aqueous ,effluent, it is still word for (crab) claw. Thechelating agents find. undesirably high. However, a more tanta- used to tie up the free metal ions in Fig. 2c shows that two suitable mole- lizing environmental question is what hap- water-e.g., EDTA-do indeed act in the cules of dye-e.g., of the type shown in pens to chrome-containing goods when same way, and are quite capable of wres- Fig. 2a-could each provide three ligands they end up as solid waste in landfills. tling some metal ions from premetallized and satisfy CN = 6, to give a 1:2, met- dyes. a1:dye co-ordination complex. These may Metal-Dye Complexes Fig. 2a shows the single most important alternatively be called 2:l dyemetal com- The present state of chemistry enables us dye structural feature for the formation of plexes. Now there are four anionic ligands, to understand what properties of certain metal-dye complexes, although there are a R-0-, whose negative charges, when metallic compounds (mordants) and se- number of others (4).It is called the o,o’ - added to the three positive charges on the lected acid dyes (mordant dyes) contrib- dihydroxyazo group, which simply means chromium cation, leave the complex with ute to the formation of metal-dye com- that two hydroxy groups are situated on one negative charge; Le., anionic. The plexes, known also as co-ordination com- carbon atoms adjacent to those holding the product is resonance stabilized by four pounds. azo group, one on either side. aromatic rings, and the anionic charge is The metallic compounds which are still Fig. 2b shows how this dye structure can delocalized. Some 1:2 metal-dye com- used to form metal-dye complexes are all provide three ligands to a trivalent chro- plexes have been extracted from mordant from a group known as the transitional mium ion (CN = 6). Two come from dyed, afterchromed wool. It seems likely metals. In simple terms, this means that ionized hydroxy groups in the dye mole- that both 1 : 1 and 1:2 meta1:dye complexes their metallic cations (+) not only attract cule, Fig. 2a; cf. the ionization of naph- may be present on the wool. anions (-) but also have electronic config- thols in alkaline solution, Chapter 6 (5): urations which enable them to form com- plexes with particular numbers of chemi- R - OH + OHO- R - oo+ H~O cal groups, whether the groups are anionic These two anionic ligands will also effec- H\o/H or nonionic. Such groups are known as tively neutralize two of three positive ligands.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Staining Wood and Natural Materials Using PRO Washfast Water Based
    Staining Wood and Natural Materials using PRO WashFast Water-Based Dyes Please read directions carefully before starting. Many materials, whose surface is only slightly wettable, may be colored with water-based (water soluble) dyes resulting in colored surfaces that do not hide the grain of the wood or the character of the substrate. This process is also suitable for the coloration of feathers, retouching wool tapestries and wool or nylon carpeting. Basically anything that does not have the high wash fastness requirements of wearable clothing fabrics. Wet fastness is good. Always do test samples before working on a large project. For additional information visit our web site at www.prochemicalanddye.com. Wear rubber gloves, apron, or old clothes. Utensils used for dyeing should never be used for food preparation. Procedure: 1. Dissolve the PRO WashFast Acid dye by placing 1 tsp (2.5 gm) of the dye in a one cup (250 ml) Pyrex container. Add 1 or 2 tsp (5 or 10 ml) of boiling water to make a paste. Gradually add more boiling water with continuous stirring to the 2 cup (125 ml) mark. Set aside to cool. 2. When cooled to room temperature, fill to one cup (250 ml) mark with denatured grain alcohol or Isopropyl rubbing alcohol (90%). Store in re-sealable glass container. 3. Apply to surface of substrate with foam brush or immerse object into dye solution for several minutes. Air dry and repeat procedure as often as needed for deeper color allowing previous coat to dry thoroughly. 4. After thorough drying, wood and similar materials may be coated to seal in the color and give lasting protection to the wood itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Fulltext Download
    J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 39(3):188-193, September 2014 ISSN 2087-8273 THE CHROME-TANNED GOAT LEATHER FOR HIGH QUALITY OF BATIK W. Pancapalaga1,2, V. P. Bintoro1, Y. B. Pramono1 and S. Triatmojo3 1Doctorate Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275 - Indonesia 2Permanent Address: Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Malang Muhammadiyah University, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246, Malang 65148 - Indonesia 3Faculty of Animal Science, Gajah Mada University, Jl. Fauna, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 - Indonesia Corresponding E-mail: [email protected] Received July 03, 2014; Accepted August 24, 2014 ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas batik kulit yang disamak dengan krom. Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap dengan tahap pertama bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi natrium silika sebagai bahan pelepas lilin batik pada kulit samak krom. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sebagai perlakuan adalah kosentrasi natrium silika yaitu P1 = 0 , P2 = 2 g/l, P3 = 4 g/L dan P4 = 6 g/L diulang 9 kali. Penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi jenis bahan warna yang digunakan dalam pewarnaan metode batik pada kulit kambing samak krom. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sebagai perlakuan adalah jenis bahan pewarna yaitu P'1 = asam , P'2 = indigosol, P'3 = napthol dan P'4 = remazol diulang 9 kali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penggunaan natrium silika kosentrasi 2 g/L menghasilkan prosentasi lilin yang terlepas sebesar 91,4 % serta tidak menurunkan kualitas kulit samak krom. Jenis bahan warna asam dan napthol memberikan kuat rekat dan kecerahan warna terbaik serta ketahanan cuci, air, keringat, tekuk dan gosok yang terbaik yaitu 4/5 sampai 5 pada skala abu abu.
    [Show full text]
  • CIBA Acid F.Pdf
    ./ Fiber Types · Safety InUse• Ciba Washfast Acid Dyes may be used on the Although no chemical is entirely freefrom hazard, · following fiber types: these products will pres�nt a low to no health risk, • Wool (includirg Cashmere, Alpaca, Angora, provided that good standards of studio· hygiene are and other protein fi�rs) observed in their use and storage. All persons. • Silk handling them should take precautions to avoid Techniques• Nylon· accidental ingestion, inhalation, skin and eye contact and should be aware of any limitations of use of specific products. While dyes and the • high temperature immersion chemicals associated with their use are not highly • handpainting silkscreening ,. toxic, they are industrtal chemicals and should be • block prtnting handled with care. Chemical productsshould not • airbrushing be allowed to get into the eyes, but 1f they should • warp painting by accident, wash eyes with clean water and then_ • resist (paste resist, gutta, bound) obtain medical treatment. Prolonged or repeated • batch dyeing (tie dyeing, rainbow dyeing) contact with skin should be avoided. Wear rubber gloves and use implements to stir solutions and ColorSeereverse Availablefor further deta ils.· dyebaths. Inhalation of'dusts .should be avoided by careful handling of powders. If the dyes are handled where particles may become airborne, a Yellow, Gold Yellow, Scarlet, Fuchsia, Turquoise, suitable dust respirator should be worn. Navy, Brown, Black, Green, Blue, and Violet. Obviously, chemicals slJ.ould ,not be taken -WhatNote: These Youdyes- Willare Need completely intennixable. internally, and the use of food, drink and smoking materials should be prohibited where chemicals are employed. The utensils used fordyeing should Stainless steel, enamel, plastic or glass measuring.
    [Show full text]
  • Dyeing of Polyamide Fibres
    Dyeing of Polyamide Fibres Polyamides • Nylon a Polyamide, it is a condensation polymers. The formation of a polyamide is same as the synthesis of a simple amide. One prominent difference is that both the amine and the acid monomer units each have two functional groups ‐ one on each side of the molecule. In this polymer, the repeating units are identical. • Nylon is made from 1,6‐diaminohexane and adipic acid by elimination of water molecules (‐H from the amine and ‐OH from acid as shown in red on the graphic). • A simple representation is ‐[A‐B‐A‐B‐A‐B]‐. Nylon 66 • Nylon 66, was discovered in 1931 by Wallace Cruthers at DuPont. It was the first fully synthetic fiber produced. It was introduced to women in nylon stockings in 1939 with huge success. During World War II, nylon production was used to make parachutes and other items needed by the military. • Nylon is very similar in structure to the protein polyamides in silk and wool as shown earlier, but is far stronger, more durable, more chemically inert, and cheaper to produce as compared to the natural fibers. Polyamide Fibres • It’s a Nylon fibre we generally know. • It consists of multiples of six carbon chains, in which half the end of carbon being converted to carbonyl and other half to imino nitrogen. • It is thermoplastic , is sensitive to heat and tension applied in various texturizing processes. • Total temperature‐tension history of yarn determines the degree of orientation in textured yarns. Dyeing of Polyamide Fibres • Acid, metal complexes, disperse reactive and disperse dyes are the important classes of dyes used in dyeing of nylon.
    [Show full text]
  • Troubleshooting H&E Stain
    Melinda M. Chow, MS, HT(ASCP)CM Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Basking Ridge, New Jersey Hematoxylin & Eosin staining is the most frequent routine stain in the Mohs Micrographic Surgery tissue preparation. It has stood the test of time as the standard stain for histologic examination of human tissues since it was independently introduced in 1865 and 1875, by Böhmer and Fischer respectively. Common problems, pitfalls and troubleshooting tips. H & E is the primary diagnostic technique for evaluation of morphology in the histopathology labs. One of the best nuclear stains. H & E provides easier identification of histological features than T-blue. It is easy and simple to use. Stains are inexpensive, yet reliable and informative. It is stable and durable stain, lasting years without fading Hematoxylin is a natural dye extracted from the heartwood of logwood trees which is indigenous in Central America, Caribbean and other tropical countries. It is misleading to call hematoxylin stain as it alone does not stain. It has to convert to hematein. Hematein is what we call hematoxylin. It is a basic dye and carries a (+) charge. Affinity for basic dye is called basophilic. Hematein Chromatin (+) charge (-) charge Mordant (Al+3,Fe+3,Chr+3) This complex is held by covalent bonds Hematein-mordant-chromatin complex Courtesy of Biotek Progressive vs regressive Progressive stains are: Gill’s (I-III), Mayer’s Regressive stains are Harris's, Delafield's, Ehrlich's Progressive method : tissue is stained and stopped Regressive method: tissue is overstained Eosin is a synthetic stain It is the counterstain and acts as an acid dye.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Arrowmont 3
    WELCOME TO ARROWMONT 3 “Te most regretful people on earth are those who felt the call to creative work… and gave to it neither the power nor time.” Mary Oliver IMPORTANT DATES AT A GLANCE Whether for you it is creative work or creative play, if you will make the time, Arrowmont will provide the place, the opportunity, and the encouragement. ARTISTS-IN-RESIDENCE Arrowmont’s commitment to education and appreciation of crafts is built upon its APPLICATION DEADLINE heritage as a settlement school founded by Pi Beta Phi in 1912. Our 13 acre campus February 1, 2017 has six buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, well-equipped studios, and places for contemplation and conversation. We appreciate being described as a EARLY REGISTRATION DEADLINE “hidden jewel” and a “neighbor” of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. REGISTRATION FEE OF $50 IS WAIVED FOR EARLY REGISTRATION Here, you will spend time immersed in the studio, you will also eat well, have the February 1, 2017 opportunity to enjoy our library, and be inspired by our galleries. EDUCATIONAL Each week a new creative community forms. Students do more than participate in this ASSISTANTS PROGRAM community, they often develop lifelong relationships. Teir shared experiences of refecting, APPLICATION DEADLINE problem solving and making creates the community. Workshops are taught by some March 1, 2017 of the fnest artists from around the world — it is their commitment to sharing their SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION knowledge and their experiences that makes them great teachers. Tey recognize that DEADLINE there is always more to learn, and that the environment of small groups of students, March 1, 2017 engaged in experimenting and discovering together, is both inspiring and energizing.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory of Staining Prepared By: Ms
    Theory of Staining Prepared by: Ms. BR Tsauses Anatomical Pathology 2A (ANP611S) April 2020 Learning objectives • Understand the aims of staining • Describe why sections need to be coloured with dyes • Describe how dye bind to tissues • Understand the different types of staining • Describe the principle of the following stains; H&E Stain and PAP stain • Describe the reasons for mounting tissue Pre-learning Quiz • Please take the pre-learning quiz before proceeding with the presentation. Types of staining • Non-vital stains – staining of dead tissue that has been fixed, processed and sectioned • Vital stains – the colouring of living tissue/cells either using very dilute dyes or by the phagocytic action of macrophages ingesting dye particles. • Histochemical stains- utilizes a true chemical reaction in the tissue and matches what would happen if the reaction was performed in a test tube. Types of staining cont… • Lysochrome – the staining of neutral lipids/fats whereby elective solubility allows the dye molecules to leave the solvent and enter the lipid. • Silver Impregnation – Depositing metals onto or into tissue components. Silver is the metal most commonly employed, • Injection – the introduction of a coloured compound into the tissue to highlight various structures Types of staining cont… • Fluorochrome – staining is affected by combining a fluorochrome with a tissue entity, which is visualized under fluorescent light. • Immunostaining – staining is based on an antibody-antigen reaction whereby a labelled antibody permits the site of the reaction to be visualised. Why are stains taken into the tissue • Stain uptake due to dye-tissue or reagent-tissue affinities • Affinity – the tendency of a stain to transfer from solution onto section.
    [Show full text]
  • Hematoxylin Formulae
    Hematoxylin Formulae Bryan D Llewellyn Produced for distribution through StainsFile The Internet Resource For Histotechnologists http://stainsfile.info This document includes formulae for the alum and iron hematoxylin solutions included on the StainsFile Internet site. Some of these are no longer in use, and others are variations of other, more common, formulae. I have included a dis- cussion of the relationship between the dye and the mordant, and how the rela- tionship between them affects the staining character of a formula. The formulae have been collected from several sources, including older reference texts and the Internet. If any reader knows of a hematoxylin formula not listed in this document, I would most appreciate receiving details so that it may be included in the future. I may be contacted by e-mail through the StainsFile Internet site. Bryan D. Llewellyn October, 2013 October 2013 1.0 Initial document This document may be freely reproduced and distributed for educational pur- poses provided that the text is unchanged and no charge is made. Commercial distribution is not permitted. October, 2013. © 2013, Bryan D. Llewellyn. Table of Contents Hematoxylin and Hematein ............... 4 Oxidation ........................................... 6 Mordant ............................................. 9 Reactions With Tissue ...................... 12 Staining Mucin ................................... 13 Dye:Mordant Ratio ............................ 14 Acids ................................................. 19 Differentiation ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Textile Museum Thesaurus
    The Textile Museum Thesaurus Edited by Cecilia Gunzburger TM logo The Textile Museum Washington, DC This publication and the work represented herein were made possible by the Cotsen Family Foundation. Indexed by Lydia Fraser Designed by Chaves Design Printed by McArdle Printing Company, Inc. Cover image: Copyright © 2005 The Textile Museum All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means -- electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise -- without the express written permission of The Textile Museum. ISBN 0-87405-028-6 The Textile Museum 2320 S Street NW Washington DC 20008 www.textilemuseum.org Table of Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................... v Introduction ..................................................................................................vii How to Use this Document.........................................................................xiii Hierarchy Overview ....................................................................................... 1 Object Hierarchy............................................................................................ 3 Material Hierarchy ....................................................................................... 47 Structure Hierarchy ..................................................................................... 55 Technique Hierarchy ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT YI, DING. a Comparison of Mordant and Natural Dyes In
    ABSTRACT YI, DING. A Comparison of Mordant and Natural Dyes in Dyeing Cotton Fabrics. (Under the direction of Dr. Harold S. Freeman and Dr. Peter J. Hauser). Mordant dyes constitute a class of synthetic colorants that are applied to textile fibers mainly through the aid of transition metal ions such as Cr3+. The resultant dye-metal complexes are key to the fastness properties produced on wool. In the same way, most natural dyes require the use of a mordant to have coloring power on textiles such as cotton. Unlike mordant dyes on wool, the fastness properties of natural dyes on cotton are generally quite low. Consequently, they have largely been replaced by synthetic dyes that are more cost effective, brighter, and more durable under end-use applications. Interest in green technologies has led to renewed consideration of natural dyes for textile coloration because they are biodegradable and do not involve manufacturing processes requiring genotoxic aromatic amines. Interestingly, such a shift would bring dyeing technology full circle to a family of colorants lacking the vibrancy and technical properties of most synthetic dyes. However, similarities between the dyeing method for mordant and natural dyes brought to mind the potential for reducing the level of synthetic dyes used commercially by combining suitable dyes from these two classes for dyeing textiles. This thesis research was devoted to stage 1 of this idea, namely the evaluation of mordant dyes as colorants for cotton fabric. With this in mind, dyes such as Mordant Blue 13, Mordant Brown 40, Mordant Orange 6 and Mordant Yellow 8 were applied to cotton using various dyeing times, temperatures, dye bath concentrations and mordants.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Sept
    3,343,905 United States Patent Office Patented Sept. 26, 1967 2 their washing fastness improved to acceptable levels. 3,343,905 After-treatments of this sort are objectionable from the NYLON DYES Standpoint of both time and cost, but, until now have been James F. Feeman, Wyomissing, Pa., assignor to Crompton the best means available to the dyer for the production of & Knowles Corporation, Worcester, Mass., a corporar Washfast heavy dyeings on nylon. tion of Massacialsetts Other classes of dyes applicable to nylon are similarly No Drawing. Fied Oct. 20, 1966, Ser. No. 587,987 unsuited to production of washfast heavy dyeings. Dis 3 Claims. (C. 8-26) perse dyes are notoriously poor to washing fastness, even This application discloses and claims subject matter though they produce level dyeings with ease and of satis contained in my copending applications, Ser. No. 328,051, O factory depth. Their washfastness is not improved by filed Dec. 4, 1963, now Patent No. 3,305,539 and Ser. after-treatments to the same extent that is found with the No. 378,460, filed June 26, 1964, now abandoned. neutral dyeing acid dyes. Mordant dyes may be metallized This invention relates to dyes for nylon fibers, to a (notably chromed) on nylon by after-treatments with method of dyeing nylon fibers and to the products pro metal salts in acidic baths yielding dyeings of excellent duced by such process. fastness to washing, but the dyeing procedure is very dif Dyeing of nylon in heavy depths of shade with a high ficult to control to the degree necessary to enable the order of fastness to washing is an important technical matching of shades.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacquard Products Currently Trending
    Jacquard Products Currently Trending Check out these creative trends and all the ways Jacquard’s products support them! Trends Jacquard Products Notes Metallic Colors • Piñata Alcohol Ink Metallic, iridescent, and pearlescent colors are perpetually • Lumiere popular and currently trending. Jacquard is the #1 choice for • Lumiere 3D these types of colors, no matter what the application. Melony Bradley • Jacquard Screen Printing Ink • Pearl Ex Powdered Pigments • Airbrush Color @julieolsonart chasenfratz.com Yarn Dyeing • Acid Dye (for wool) Needle arts are perennially in vogue, and DIY yarn dyeing is currently trending. Jacquard offers the most vibrant colors available for wool yarn and roving. Dye single color skeins or create a whole rainbow out of yarn! Tara Warburton from wearemakers.com @ahandmadejourney Rock Painting • Neopaque Not just for pet rocks anymore! Decorative painted rocks • Lumiere are wonderfully personalized gifts, adorn indoor and outdoor gardens, and make charming conversation pieces. Lumiere and Neopaque are the most permanent options on the kalescobar @ market for rock painting. Cosplay • Acid Dye Acid Dye is ideal for using with nylon (including nylon wigs) and spandex materials. • Lumiere Lumiere can make virtually any surface look metallic, great • Neopaque for faux armor, weaponry, etc. @miezcosplay Neopaque is permanent on wide range of materials, including plastics and metal. @winged.studio • Basic Dye Basic Dye is excellent for acrylic fibers, wigs, and faux fur. • iDye Poly iDye Poly is great for all of the above, plus epoxy resin, @mckrakenworkshop polycarbonate plastic, and polyester wigs. Polymer Clay • Pearl Ex Powdered Pigments Use Pearl Ex Pigments to achieve metallic and pearlescent clay pieces, before or after baking them to cure.
    [Show full text]