The Prophet of Climate Change James Lovelock Rolling Stone
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Where to Find 6 Million Minds
Research Fortnight, 11 February 2015 view 23 roger highfield Where to find 6 million minds Over the decades, a disturbing image has often entered 2012-13. The sexes were nearly equally represented. my mind as I have whiled away the hours in meetings Slightly more than half of the museum’s visitors come about PUS and PES, aka the public understanding of, or from family groups, 36 per cent come from adult groups engagement with, science. This reverie involves a group and 13 per cent come from educational groups. In 2013- of beggars briefly materialising around a campfire to 14, more than half of the schools in London visited the squabble about how to spend a million pounds. museum; our aim is to make that two-thirds by 2018. Of course, the question is: how are they going to make Public engagement is enshrined in the research coun- all that money in the first place? By the same token, why cils’ royal charters—as it should be, because science, are researchers assuming that they have oodles of ‘sci- through technology, is the greatest force shaping cul- ence capital’ to spend, rather than wondering how they ture today. Paul Nurse’s review of the councils will no are going to engage with the big audiences that yield doubt consider how well they are fulfilling this aspect of such capital in the first place? their mission and whether they can do even more to use Around the PES campfire, many issues burn bright- museums to showcase their work. ly. The idea of a single public has given way to a The good news is that research councils are starting to heterogeneous mishmash of audiences. -
The Cultural Ecology of Elisabeth Mann Borgese
NARRATIVES OF NATURE AND CULTURE: THE CULTURAL ECOLOGY OF ELISABETH MANN BORGESE by Julia Poertner Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia March 2020 © Copyright by Julia Poertner, 2020 TO MY PARENTS. MEINEN ELTERN. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………... v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ………………………………………………………….. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………….. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Thesis ………………………………………………………………... 1 1.2 Methodology and Outline ………………………………………….. 27 1.3 State of Research ……....…………………………………………... 32 1.4 Background ……………………………………………………….... 36 CHAPTER 2: NARRATIVES OF NATURE AND CULTURE …………………………………... 54 2.1 Between a Mythological Past and a Scientific Future ……………………. 54 2.1.1 Biographical Background ………………………………………... 54 2.1.2 “Culture is Part of Nature in Any Case”: Cultural Evolution ……. 63 2.1.3 Ascent of Woman ………………………………….……………… 81 2.1.4 The Language Barrier: Beasts and Men …….…………………… 97 2.2 Dark Fiction: Futuristic Pessimism …………………………………….. 111 2.2.1 “To Whom It May Concern” ………………….………………… 121 2.2.2 “The Immortal Fish” ………………………………………….…. 123 2.2.3 “Delphi Revisited” ……………………………………….……… 127 2.2.4 “Birdpeople” …………………………………………….………. 130 CHAPTER 3: UTOPIAN OPTIMISM: THE OCEAN AS A LABORATORY FOR A NEW WORLD ORDER ……………………………………………….…………….……… 135 3.1 Historical Background …………………………………………………. 135 3.1.1 Competing Narratives: The Common Heritage of Mankind and Sustainable Development ……………………………………….. 135 3.1.2 Ocean Frontiers and Chairworm & Supershark ………………... 175 3.1.3 Arvid Pardo’s Tale of the Deep Sea …………………………….. 184 3.2 Elisabeth Mann Borgese’s Cultural Ecology ………………………….. 207 iii 3.2.1 Law: From the Deep Seabed via Ocean Space towards World Communities ……………………………………………………. 207 3.2.2 Economics ………………………………………………………. 244 3.2.3 Science and Education: The Need for Interdisciplinarity ………. -
Climate Modelling Primer
A Climate Modelling Primer A Climate Modelling Primer, Third Edition. K. McGuffie and A. Henderson-Sellers. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-470-85750-1 (HB); 0-470-85751-X (PB) A Climate Modelling Primer THIRD EDITION Kendal McGuffie University of Technology, Sydney, Australia and Ann Henderson-Sellers ANSTO Environment, Australia Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. -
Liberation Ecology
August 2016 Liberation Ecology An Interview with Leonardo Boff Theology can play a central role in defining the moral fiber of a society, including its commitment to poverty alleviation and stewardship of Earth. Allen White, Senior Fellow at Tellus Institute, talks with Leonardo Boff, a founder of liberation theology, about the origins of the movement and the vital connections between ecology and social justice. Half a century ago, you were among a small group of theologians who were instrumental in conceptualizing liberation theology. What spurred this synthesis of thought and action that challenged the orthodoxy of both Church and State? Liberation theology is not a discipline. It is a different way of practicing theology. It does not start from existing theological traditions and then focus on the poor and excluded populations of society. Its core is the struggle of the poor to free themselves from the conditions of poverty. Liberation theology does not seek to act for the poor via welfarism or paternalism. Instead, it seeks to act with the poor to tap their wisdom in changing their life and livelihood. How, then, do we act with them? By seeing the poor and oppressed through their own eyes, not with those of an outsider. We must discover and understand their values, such as solidarity and the joy of living, which to some extent have been lost by society’s privileged. Some of those who subscribe to liberation theology choose to live like the poor, sharing life in the slums and participating in residents’ organizations and projects. This method can be described as “see, judge, act, and celebrate.” Seeing the reality of the poor firsthand awakens an outsider to the inadequacy of his perceptions and doctrines for judging it and how to change it. -
28/9 N+Vs Layoutmx
news and views mophilic Archaea? The explanation is three- transfer of smaller gene fragments between Daedalus fold and lies in the intense interest in the bio- species tends to be more common, raising chemistry of these unusual organisms, in the the question of why this seems not to have Talking to animals possibility that they represent the earliest happened for T. acidophilum. forms of life, and in the biotechnological One issue can be almost settled by the Last week Daedalus presented his mobile potential of their genes and gene products. details of this new genome sequence: whether ‘Ultraphone’ for silent speech. The user Thermoplasma acidophilum has one of T. acidophilum is an ancestor of eukaryotic whispers or mouths his message silently. the smallest of the archaeal genomes to have cells. Ruepp et al. compared T. acidophilum His voiced tone is replaced by an inaudible been sequenced so far. Even so, the speed at genes with those in bacterial and eukaryotic ultrasonic tone launched into his mouth. which Ruepp et al.1 sequenced the genome databases. The results show that, if anything, His tongue and palate modulate this into was remarkable. The full sequence of over the T. acidophilum genes are more similar to inaudible ultrasonic speech. A heterodyne 1.5 million base pairs was obtained from bacterial genes than to eukaryotic ones. Key circuit downshifts it back to an audio only 7,855 sequencing reactions — an effec- ‘marker’ genes found in eukaryotes (such as signal, which is transmitted. tive yield of 199 base pairs per reaction, genes encoding subunits of the nuclear pore Daedalus now has a biological use for compared with the 66 base pairs per reaction complex) are not found in the T.acidophilum the technique. -
1. What Is Sustainability?
1. What Is Sustainability? Further Reading Articles, Chapters, and Papers Barnofsky, Anthony D. et al. “Approaching a State Shift in Earth’s Biosphere.” Nature (June 7, 2012): 52–58. A review of evidence that, as with individual ecosystems, the global ecosystem as a whole can shift abruptly and irreversibly into a new state once critical thresholds are crossed, and that it is approaching a critical threshold as a result of human influence, and that there is a need to improve the detecting of early warning signs of state shift. Boström, Magnus, ed. “Special Issue: A Missing Pillar? Challenges in Theorizing and Practicing Social Sustainability.” Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, vol. 8 no. 12 (winter 2012). Brown, J. and M. Purcell. “There’s Nothing Inherent about Scale: Political Ecology, the Local Trap, and the Politics of Development in the Brazilian Amazon.” Geoforum, vol. 36 (2005): 607–24. Clark, William C. “Sustainability Science: A Room of Its Own.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 104 no. 6 (February 6, 2007):1737–38. A report on the development of sustainability science as a maturing field with a core research agenda, methodologies, and universities teaching its methods and findings. Costanza, Robert et al. “The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital.” Nature, vol. 387 (1997): 253–60. Estimates the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services based on both published research and original calculations. Ehrlich, Paul R., Peter M. Kareiva, and Gretchen C. Daily. “Securing Natural Capital and Expanding Equity to Rescale Civilization.” Nature, vol. 486 (June 2012): 68–73. -
Axel Bronstert 2005.Pdf
I Axel Bronstert Jesus Carrera Pavel Kabat Sabine Lütkemeier Coupled Models for the Hydrological Cycle Integrating Atmosphere, Biosphere, and Pedosphere III Axel Bronstert Jesus Carrera Pavel Kabat Sabine Lütkemeier (Editors) Coupled Models for the Hydrological Cycle Integrating Atmosphere, Biosphere, and Pedosphere With 92 Figures, 19 in colour and 20 Tables IV Preface Axel Bronstert Pavel Kabat University of Potsdam Wageningen University and Institute for Geoecology Research Centre Chair for Hydrology and Climatology ALTERRA Green World Research P.O. Box 60 15 53 Droevendaalsesteeg 3 14415 Potsdam 6708 PB Wageningen Germany The Netherlands Jesus Carrera Sabine Lütkemeier Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) Potsdam Institute for Department of Geotechnical Engineering Climate Impact Research and Geosciences Telegrafenberg School of Civil Engineering 14473 Potsdam Campus Nord, Edif. D-2 Germany 08034 Barcelona Spain Library of Congress Control Number: 2004108318 ISBN 3-540-22371-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. -
The Dynamic Response of the Global Atmosphere-Vegetation Coupled System
THE UNIVERSITY OF READING Department of Meteorology The Dynamic Response of the Global Atmosphere-Vegetation coupled system John K. Hughes A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2003 ’Declaration I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged’ John Hughes The Dynamic Response of the Atmosphere-Vegetation coupled system Abstract Concern about future changes in the carbon cycle have highlighted the importance of a dy- namic representation of the carbon cycle in models, yet this has not been fully assessed. In this thesis, we investigate the dynamic carbon cycle model included within the Hadley Centre’s model. In order to understand the behaviour of the vegetation model a simplified model, describing the behaviour of a single plant functional type is derived. The ability of the simplified model to simulate vegetation dynamics is validated against the behaviour of the full complexity model. The dynamical properties of the simplified model are then investigated. To further investigate the dynamic response of vegetation, a 300 year climate model simulation of terrestrial vegetation re-growth from global desert has been performed. Vegetation is shown to introduce large time lags in land surface properties. This large memory in the terrestrial carbon cycle is an important result for GCM simulations. The large timescale also affects the response of existing vegetation to climatic forcings. The behaviour of the land surface in terms of source-sink transitions of atmospheric CO2 is discussed. It is found that the transitions between source and sink of CO2 are dependant on the vegetation timescales. -
Chaos Theory and Its Application in the Atmosphere
Chaos Theory and its Application in the Atmosphere by XubinZeng Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Roger A. Pielke, P.I. NSF Grant #ATM-8915265 CHAOS THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE Xubin Zeng Department of Atmospheric Science CoJorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer, 1992 Atmospheric Science Paper No. 504 \llIlll~lIl1ll~I""I1~II~'I\1 U16400 7029194 ABSTRACT CHAOS THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE Chaos theory is thoroughly reviewed, which includes the bifurcation and routes to tur bulence, and the characterization of chaos such as dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. A new method is developed to compute Lyapunov exponents from limited experimental data. Our method is tested on a variety of known model systems, and it is found that our algorithm can be used to obtain a reasonable Lyapunov exponent spectrum from only 5000 data points with a precision of 10-1 or 10-2 in 3- or 4-dimensional phase space, or 10,000 data points in 5-dimensional phase space. On 1:he basis of both the objective analyses of different methods for computing the Lyapunov exponents and our own experience, which is subjective, this is recommended as a good practical method for estiIpating the Lyapunov-exponent spectrum from short time series of low precision. The application of chaos is divided into three categories: observational data analysis, llew ideas or physical insights inspired by chaos, and numerical model output analysis. Corresponding with these categories, three subjects are studied. First, the fractal dimen sion, Lyapunov-exponent spectrum, Kolmogorov entropy, and predictability are evaluated from the observed time series of daily surface temperature and pressure over several regions of the United States and the North Atlantic Ocean with different climatic signal-to-noise ratios. -
F18 IRC Web Rev.Pdf
Fall 2018 Guide to Subjects Contact Information African American History 21-3, 26, 34, 41- Studies 1, 49, 53, 60 3, 45-7, 50, 54, 58, 62, If you wish to evaluate our titles for translation, please write to us at American History 9, 71-2 [email protected] and we will arrange to send a 30-1, 33-5, 45-7, 68 Law 15, 35, 69 PDF for review purposes when available upon publication. Although it is our policy not to grant exclusive options, we will attempt to inform Anthropology 35, 38- Linguistics 29 you as soon as possible if we receive an offer for translation rights into 40 Literary Criticism 57- your language for a book under your consideration. Architecture 21 61 Art 2-3, 18-20, 36 Literature 9-11 For a complete index of our publications and catalogs by subject, Art History 19 Media Studies 26 please visit us at: http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/subject.html. Asian Studies 39, 42 Medicine 28 You may also wish to browse our rights catalogs at: Biography 6, 14, 24, Music 6, 14, 18, 48-51 http://bit.ly/UCPrights 66-7 Nature 4, 13, 49 Business 45 Philosophy 18-9, 25, 27- Classics 29, 62 30, 52, 55, 72 Please feel welcome to contact us with any questions about our books – we look forward to hearing from you! Cooking 5 Poetry 10, 16 Cultural Studies 23 Political Science 15, 28, Current Events 7, 12 30-4, 53 With best wishes, Economics 39, 51-2, 57, Reference 70 63, 72 Religion 38, 42, 53-5, Education 1, 7 59, 62 Ethnomusicology 37 Science 5, 8, 21-5, 43-4, Béatrice Bourgogne Eo-Jean Kim 65, 71 International Rights Manager International Rights Consultant European History 40, [email protected] [email protected] 44, 46 Sociology 20, 32, 56-7, [email protected] [email protected] 72 Fiction 11 Sports 35 Film Studies 34 Women’s Studies 56 Gay and Lesbian Lucina Schell Studies 45, 52-3, 56 International Rights Associate [email protected] [email protected] Catalog design by Brian Beerman EVE L. -
Interspecific Competition Affects Temperature Stability in Daisyworld
T ellus (2000), 52B, 980–984 Copyright © Munksgaard, 2000 Printed in UK. All rights reserved TELLUS ISSN 0280–6509 Interspecific competition affects temperature stability in Daisyworld By JOEL E. COHEN1* and ALBERT D. RICH2, 1Rockefeller University and Columbia University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA; 2Rockefeller University, New York, and Soft Warehouse, Honolulu, USA (Manuscript received 12 February 1999; in final form 11 October 1999) ABSTRACT The model of Daisyworld showed that nonteleological mechanistic responses of life to the physical environment can stabilize an exogenously perturbed environment. In the model, 2 species of daisies, black and white, stabilize the global temperature of a planet exposed to different levels of insolation. In both species, the response of the growth rate to local temperature is identical, but differences in albedo between the 2 species generate differences in local temper- atures. The shifting balance between the daisies keeps the global temperature in a range suitable for life. Watson and Lovelock made the stronger claim that ‘‘the model always shows greater stability with daisies than it does without them.’’ We examined this claim by introducing an extra source of competition into the equations that describe the interactions between the daisy species. Depending on the parameters of competition, temperatures can vary more widely with increasing insolation in the presence of daisies than without them. It now seems possible, timely and perhaps necessary, to include an accurate representation of interspecific competition when taking account of vegetational influences on climate. 1. Introduction suitability of Earth for life (Lovelock, 1988; Lenton, 1998). To demonstrate that planetary It has long been recognized that life influences ‘‘homeostasis by and for the biosphere’’ could in physical and chemical environments and vice principle work by mechanisms that entailed no versa, at all scales from the local to the global teleology, Watson and Lovelock (1983) proposed (Lotka, 1925). -
NATS 101, Sec 42 &
GC170A-1 The Earth & Its Environment Lecture Sections 001+002 & 003+004 FALL 2011 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL CHANGE INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Katie Hirschboeck CLASS NOTES PACKET Fall 2011 HOW TO USE THIS CLASS NOTES PACKET Welcome to GC-170A-1! This CLASS NOTES packet is designed to be a companion to the classroom portion of GC-170A-1 Introduction to Global Change, taught by Dr. Katie Hirschboeck. You should bring this packet with you to every class. (You do NOT need to bring the textbooks: The Science of Global Change: An Introduction and Dire Predictions with you to class, unless announced in advance.) This packet contains the following: Selected notes with definitions, key points, & figures to accompany Dr. H’s lecture presentations on the course topics. Some fill-in-the-blank interactive sections that accompany a few of the lectures Several blank pages for entering your own outlines, notes, sketches and summaries as you review each topic after class while studying. Your own copy of handout materials used in class during many of the group activities, so you can take your own notes while working together as a group and refer to the activity later. More detailed background reading material that isn’t in your regular textbook to supplement some of the topics. Appendices that include items needed for specific activities and assignments at different points during the semester. Directions on how to find Dr. H’s office in the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (last page). See the GC-170A-1 WEBPAGE & D2L site for the latest versions of: Course Syllabus,