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Unit 5. Theme 14. Typical Disorders of the Blood System Name Lesson: Typical Disorders of the Blood System

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Unit 5. Theme 14. Typical Disorders of the Blood System Name Lesson: Typical Disorders of the Blood System Unit 5. Theme 14. Typical disorders of the blood system Name lesson: Typical disorders of the blood system. The general concept of anemia. The purpose of the lesson: study the concept of "anemia", methods of its recognition and research, pay special attention to the pathological forms of red blood cells and their role in the study and diagnosis of anemia, on the classification of anemia, reflecting the characteristics of each of them. List of study questions 1. Definition of "anemia". 2. Methods of study of anemia. 3. Principles of classification of anemia. 4. Pathological forms of red blood cells, the concept 5. Degenerative forms of red blood cells. Value. 6. Regenerative forms of red blood cells. Value. WORKSHEET By microscopy stained smears the blood of people with various types of anemia study the pathological forms of erythrocytes Work №1 Pay attention to the presence of degenerative forms in blood smears: hyper and hypochromia, anisochromia, poikilo and anisocytosis, megaloblasts and megalocytes. Hyperchromia, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis can be found in a smear with the so-called malignant anemia, poikilocytosis is also well pronounced in smears with post-hemorrhagic anemia. Megaloblasts and megalocytes can be seen in blood smears in the so-called. malignant anemia. Hypochromia and anisochromia are well pronounced in smears with chronic post-hemorrhagic anemia. Then examine the regenerative forms of red blood. Regenerative form with signs of immaturity of nuclear origin - pronorocytes, normocytes of 3 types: basophilic, polychromatophilic and oxyphilic. They can be seen in blood smears with acute post-hemorrhagic anemia. Erythrocytes with the body of Hovel-Joly should be sought in blood smears with malignant anemia. Regenerative forms with signs of immaturity of the cytoplasm: polychromatophilic erythrocytes and reticulocytes - study in smears with acute post-hemorrhagic anemia and in smears with hemolytic anemia (polychromatophilic erythrocytes in usually stained smears, and in reticulocytes in smears in smears with erythrocytes in normally stained smears, in the smears in smears with smears with hemolytic anemia) Pathological forms of red blood sketched. Conclusions answer the questions: 1) Which red blood cells are related to degenerative and which to regenerative forms of red blood? 2) What does their appearance in peripheral blood indicate? Acquainted with the algorithm for the study of stained blood smears of sick people with different types of anemia Work №2 Algorithm: 1. Investigate the degenerative forms of red blood cells: a) to identify changes in the color of erythrocytes (normochromia, hypochromia, hyperchromia, anisochromia); b) to detect changes in the size of red blood cells (microcytosis, macrocytosis, anisocytosis); c) identify changes in erythrocyte forms (poikilocytosis, isopoykilocytosis); d) find the forms of erythrocyte development unusual for peripheral blood (megaloblasts, megalocytes, erythrocytes with basophilic puncture, erythroblast). Make a conclusion about the identified degenerative pathological forms of red blood cells. 2. Investigate the regenerative forms of red blood cells: a) to identify regenerative forms with the presence of the nucleus (erythroblast, pronormocyte, basophil normocyte, prolichromatophil normocyte, oxyphil normocyte); b) to detect regenerative forms with the presence of nuclear residues (erythrocytes with Khovel-Joly bodies, erythrocytes with Kabo rings, erythrocytes with Weidenreicht dust particles); c) identify regenerative forms with immaturity signs in the cytoplasm with a normal smear color (polychromasia); d) to find regenerative forms with immaturity signs in the cytoplasm with the vital staining of the smear (reticulocytes). 3. To give a conclusion on the alleged nature of anemia (by type of blood formation, by color index, by bone marrow function). Conclusions answer the questions: 1. What types hematopoesis do you know? 2. What is the color indicator of blood? 3. What does a color indicator of blood indicate? 4. What pathological forms of RBC allow to judge the protective function of the body? In the proposed clinical analysis of the blood of a patient with anemia, confirm the presence of anemia and establish the type hematopoesis, bone marrow function and color index Work №3 1) In the clinical analysis of the patient's blood by comparing with the standards of red blood cells and hemoglobin to establish the presence or absence of anemia. 2) In the presence of anemia, determine the color index (CI) by the formula: CI = hemoglobin (g/l) x 0.03 / red blood cell count per liter of blood 3) Based on the presence or absence of reticulocytes, decide which type of hematopoiesis in a given anemia, drawing attention to the absence or presence of megalocytes, megaloblasts. 4) Based on the number of reticulocytes, make a conclusion about the bone marrow function of the patient. Conclusions answer the questions: 1. Is anemia found in this patient? 2. How can it be characterized and named by color index, by blood formation type, by bone marrow function, using the studied classifications of anemia? .
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