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Щетинин Патофизиол Ч2 Англ 9-10-19.Indd The Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Stavropol State Medical University» The Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation The Department of Pathological Physiology PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (WITH THE BASICS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK) Specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine Part II STUDY GUIDE FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING MEDIUM OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES Stavropol, 2019 1 УДК 616-092 (072) ББК 52.52я73 Р30 Pathophysiology, clinical pathophysiology (with the basics of the organization of students’ independent work), Part II: Study Guide / E.V. Schetinin, M.Yu. Vafiadi, G.G. Petrosyan, N.G. Radzievskaya, L.D. Erkenova, L.A. Parazyan, Yu.Yu. Gatilo, A.A. Vafiadi – Stavropol: Publishing house: StSMU, 2019. – 336 p. Authors: Professor E.V. Schetinin, Assoc. Professor M.Yu. Vafiadi, Assoc. Professor G.G. Petrosyan, ass. N.G. Radzievskaya, ass. L.D. Erkenova, ass. L.A. Parazyan, ass. Yu.Yu. Gatilo, ass. A.A. Vafiadi. ISBN 978-5-89822-595-7 Ч. I – 336 с. ISBN 978-5-89822-632-9 The study guide was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and modern programs in Pathophysiology, Clinical Pathophysiology in the specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine. The study guide is designed for foreign students of the English-speaking Medium of medical universities to carry out practical work during class hours and homework assignments for each studied topic in Pathophysiology, Clinical Pathophysiology with the basics of organizing students’ independent work. The material contains the main regulations of the practical class topics (the name of the lesson, the relevance of the topic, the general purpose of the lesson, the learning objectives: what the student should know, be able to do, what skills to possess and what set of competencies he should possess to study this topic of the lesson), educational test tasks, situational tasks, programs for self-preparation of students out of class time, a list of main and additional literature, a list of questions and test tasks on two colloquiums and topics for reports. This study guide is intended to organize and improve the effectiveness of students’ independent work in preparing for practical classes and exams. Reviewers: A.V. Kubyshkin, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General and Clinical Pathophysiology, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. L.D. Tsaturyan, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Normal Physiology, Stavropol State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. S.V. Znamenskaya, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Foreign Students’ Faculty; Head of the Department of Foreign Langua- ges, Stavropol State Medical University, the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. УДК 616-092 (072) ББК 52.52я73 Р30 It is recommended for publication by the Editorial and Publishing Council of StSMU ISBN 978-5-89822-632-9 ISBN 978-5-89822-595-7 © Stavropol State Medical University, 2019 2 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Кафедра патологической физиологии ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ (С ОСНОВАМИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ) по специальности 31.05.01 Лечебное дело Часть ΙΙ УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ВУЗОВ Ставрополь, 2019 3 УДК 616-092 (072) ББК 52.52я73 ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЯ С ОСНОВАМИ ОР- ГАНИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ. Учеб.-метод. пособие для иностранных студентов англоязычного отделения медицинских вузов / авторы: Е.В. Щетинин, М.Ю. Вафиади, Г.Г. Петросян, Н.Г. Радзиевская, Л.Д. Эркенова, Л.А. Па- разян, Ю.Ю. Гатило, А.А. Вафиади. – Ставрополь: Изд-во: СтГМУ, 2019. Часть 2. – 336 с. Авторы: проф. Е.В. Щетинин, доц. М.Ю. Вафиади, доц. Г.Г. Петросян, асс. Н.Г. Радзиевская, асс. Л.Д. Эркенова, асс. Л.А. Паразян, асс. Ю.Ю. Гатило, асс. А.А. Вафиади ISBN 978-5-89822-595-7 Ч. I – 336 с. ISBN 978-5-89822-632-9 Учебно-методическое пособие разработано в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего образования и современ- ными программами по патофизиологии, клинической патофизиологии специально- сти 31.05.01 Лечебное дело. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов англо- язычного отделения медицинских вузов для выполнения практических занятий в учеб- ное время и домашних заданий к каждой изучаемой теме по патофизиологии, клини- ческой патофизиологии с основами организации самостоятельной работы студентов. Материал содержат основные положения тем практических занятий (наимено- вание занятия, актуальность темы, общую цель занятия, учебные цели: что студент должен знать, уметь, чем владеть и каким набором компетенций обладать, изучив данную тему занятия), учебные, тестовые задания, ситуационные задачи, программы самостоятельной подготовки студентов во внеучебное время, список основной и до- полнительной литературы, перечень вопросов и тестовых заданий по четырём колло- квиумам, итоговые тестовые задания и экзаменационный материал для подготовки к промежуточной аттестации на 3 курсе по дисциплине «Патофизиология, клиническая патофизиология» (перечень практических навыков, экзаменационные вопросы). Данное пособие предназначено для организации и повышения эффективности са- мостоятельной работы студентов при подготовке к практическим занятиям и экзамену. Рецензенты: А.В. Кубышкин, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической патофизиологии медицинской академии им. С.И. Георгиевского ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федераль- ный университет имени В.И. Вернадского», доктор медицинских наук, профессор. Л.Д. Цатурян, заведующий кафедрой нормальной физиологии ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, доктор медицинских наук, профессор. С.В. Знаменская, декан факультета иностранных студентов, заведующий кафе- дрой иностранных языков ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский государственный медицин- ский университет» Минздрава России, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент. УДК 616-092 (072) ББК 52.52я73 Рекомендовано к печати редакционно-издательским советом СтГМУ ISBN 978-5-89822-632-9 ISBN 978-5-89822-595-7 © Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет, 2019 4 SEMESTER VI Unit 1 Topic 11. TYPICAL DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM Name of the lesson: Typical disorders of the immunobiological surveillance system Relevance of the topic The emergence of immunopathological reactivity in the process of evolution served as a response to the ever-increasing danger of infection of the organism, the development of mutated cells in it, the appearance of substances with foreign antigenic and genetic information. The mechanisms of immunity were a general form of protection against these forms of biological aggression, since with their help, proteins that are modified in the process of vital activity or under the influence of pathogenic factors are removed from the body, i.e. The goal of immunity is to maintain antigenic and genetic homeostasis and to ensure the biological individuality of the organism. The action of extreme irritants may damage various components of the immunity system (immunobiological surveillance system (IBS), which is accompanied by the development of diseases, conditions, and processes associated with immunopathology. The present period of development of society is characterized by an increase in their number, which makes the study of this problem relevant and necessary. Training and educational purposes The general purpose of the lesson: to study the types, causes, mecha- nisms of development, the consequences for the body and the main methods for detecting immunodeficiencies and immunodeficiency states. Education purpose: student should know: – types of violations of IBS; – Immunopathological conditions, species; – primary immunodeficiency, hereditary and congenital; – secondary (acquired) immunodeficiencies and immunosuppressive states. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). be able to: – to detect phagocytosis in finished preparations, to characterize its stages; – to determine the types of immunodeficiency states caused by the block- ade of maturation of cells of the immune system master: – method of obtaining in the experiment phagocytosis 5 List of study questions: 1. Types of disorders IBS. 2. Immunological status. Species. 3. Primary immunodeficiencies. Hereditary and congenital. 4. Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive state. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). 5. Immune conflict of mother and fetus its basic forms and consequences. Tests for knowledge control during self-preparation: 1. The main target of HIV are: a) lymphocytes; b) T-killer lymphocytes; + c) T-helper lymphocytes; d) NK-cells. 2. Indicate the correct statement: a) receptor for the HIV virus infection is a molecule of CD4; b) when HIV infection population of T-helper lymphocytes is depleted; c) when HIV anti-infective immunity is disrupted; + d) all statements are true. 3. Active sensitization of the organism may be caused by: a) the introduction of specific antibodies; + b) introduction of antigens; c) the introduction of the sensitized lymphocytes-effectors; d) introduction of immunostimulators; e) administration of the immunosuppressants. 4. What does not refer to primary immunodeficiencies: + a) HIV infection;
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