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Potensial and Use of Agricultural Resources of Southeast Sulawesi

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Potensial and Use of Agricultural Resources of Southeast Sulawesi シンポジウム：熱帯資源植物を利用した二酸化炭素－25% 達成の具体的方策 109 Potensial and Use of Agricultural Resources of Southeast Sulawesi Yulius B. PASOLON¹ and Usman RIANSE² ¹ Agro-Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Haluoleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tri Dharma, Anduonohu Kendari 93232, Indonesia ² Social Economic, Faculty of Agriculture Haluoleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tri Dharma, Anduonohu Kendari 93232, Indonesia Key words Agricultural land use, Estate crops, Food crops, Fruit crops, Southeast Sulawesi Province cies. Wet seasons in normal condition was started from Geographic and climate January to May and November to December, and the Geographical of Southeast Sulawesi Province con- dry season from July to October. In 2008, the highest sist of 38,140 km² as continental and 110,000 km² as ma- precipitation in rainy season was 330-422 mm/month rine areas. This province divided into 10 regencies and which recorded from January to March and the lowest 2 cities. Kolaka and Konawe is the big regencies with was in dry season with precipitation was 56-79 mm in 691,838 ha and 679,245 ha respectively, as shown in Ta- June to September. Minimum temperature was 15-22°C ble 1. Land topographical dominated by mountain side and the maximum was 31-34°C, respectively, as shown (49%) and the rest is lowland (26%) and hilly side (25%) in Table 3. as shown in Table 2. This upland soil was dominantly Agricultural resources with podzolic types and the rest was mediteran, latosol, alluvial, organosol and grumosol. Climatic condition was 1. Land use different between Sulawesi peninsula and island regen- Land use distribution in SE-Sulawesi Province was dominated by Forest National, estate crops, wood land, lowland paddy field and garden, as shown in Table 4 as Table 1 Regency and area of SE Sulawesi Province, 2008 follows: Comparing with 2005, land use in 2008 was in- Regency Area (ha) Percetage crease except in grassland, fallow and wood land. The Buton 267,525 7.01 decrease of grassland, woodland and fallow in 2008, Muna 289,041 7.58 Konawe 679,245 17.81 mainly due to the drastically expanding of estate crops Kolaka 691,838 18.14 and shifting cultivation. Expanding of lowland used was Konawe Selatan 454,420 11.84 only 1.4% in 2008. Konawe Utara 339,162 8.89 Bombana 305,608 8.01 Wakatabi 42,597 1.12 Buton Utara 199,659 5.23 Konawe Utara 487,746 12.79 Table 3 Rainfall and temperture of SE Sulawesi, 2008 Kendari 29,589 0.79 Month Rainfall Temperature (℃) Bau-bau 30,570 0.80 (mm) Minimum Maximum Total 3,814,000 100 January 330 20 34 Source: BPS Sultra, 2008 February 351 15 34 March 422 22 34 April 203 22 32 Table 2 Topographiy, geology and soil type of SE Sulawesi May 173 20 31 June 72 15 32 Type Area (ha) Type Area (ha) July 79 19 31 Geology Type August 78 20 32 Lowland 991,640 Sediment stone 2,579,790 September 56 20 33 Hilly 953,500 Metamorphic stone 754,409 October 280 20 34 Mountain 1,868,860 Frozen stone 479,801 November 355 22 34 Total 3,814,000 Total 3,814,000 December 451 20 34 Source: BPS Sultra, 2008 Source : Woltermonginsidi station in BPS Sultra, 2008 110 熱帯農業研究 4（2）2011 Table 4 Land use in South-east Sulawesi Province, 2005- rice if comparing with 2005. The same tendency was 2008 observed in productivity and total production as indi- Type Land use (ha) cated in Table 6. There is an indication that staple food 2005 2008 of indigenous people in SE Sulawesi e.g. Tolaki, Buton, Low land paddy 91,240 922,79 Muna and Moronene was drastically change from their Garden 192,291 213,767 Shifting cultivation 52,067 116,727 local foods to rice food. However, local rice production Grassland 73,399 57,875 was less than the total of consumed rice as shown by the Swampy 43,181 49,383 increased of rice supplied by Bulog company. In 2005 Water ponds 19,464 30,909 Temporarily fallow 256,733 127,252 total rice supplied by Bulog was 25,065 t/year and 46,379 Wood land 2572,70 157,902 t/year in 2008. National forest 1,991,103 1,996,559 Estated crops 401,815 628,769 Others 395,337 359,934 4. Fruit Crops Total 3,773,900 3,831,356 There are 21 types of fruits produced in SE Sulawesi. Source: BPS Sultra, 2005 dan 2009 The main fruit produced are oranges, banana, nephelius, manggoes, jack fruit, lanzon and durian. Most of these 2. Irrigation fruits production in 2008 was decreased as compared to Based on the irrigation system, most of the lowland production in 2005 as shown in Table 7. use was dominated by irrigated than rain fed as shown in Table 5. 5. Vegetable Crops Vegetable production including fruit was decreased 3. Foods Crops in 2008 as compared with production in 2005, except egg- Total of harvested area in 2008 was generally in- plants, tomato and long beans as shown in Table 8. The crease except of peanut, mug bean, cassava and upland decrease of vegetable production in 2008 may be due to Table 5 Irrigation system on rice field in SE Sulawesi, 2008 Regency Irrigation systems (ha) Total Irrigated Rainfed Others Buton 1,013 567 0 1,580 Muna 1,245 568 0 1,813 Konawe 33,318 3,919 352 37,589 Kolaka 15,937 2,848 270 19,055 Konawe Selatan 13,983 5,702 2 19,687 Bombana 4,361 6,751 0 11,112 Wakatobi 0 0 0 0 Kolaka Utara 1,247 1,256 0 2,503 Buton Utara 149 248 0 397 Konawe Utara 634 1,195 0 1,829 Kota Kendari 352 112 0 464 Kota Bau-bau 952 0 0 952 Total 73,191 23,166 624 96,981 Source: BPS Sultra, 2008 Table 6 Harvested area, productivity and production of several food crops in SE Sulawesi, 2005 and 2008 Types Harvested area (ha) Productivity (t/ha) Production (t/year) 2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2008 Wetland rice 79,649 90,788 3.91 4.14 311,038 376,249 Upland rice 11,936 11,742 2.42 2.47 28,809 29,007 Corn 32,665 37,244 2.24 3.72 73,153 93,064 Cassava 1,482 12,191 17.31 7.22 256,467 217,723 Sweet potatoes 2,993 3,587 8.29 8.61 24,823 30,891 Peanut 8,581 7,781 0.82 0.78 6,996 6,938 Soybean 3,581 4,101 0.86 0.93 3,069 3,812 Mugbean 2,161 1,959 0.74 0.84 1,602 1,639 Total 143,048 169,393 705,957 759,323 Source: BPS Sultra, 2005 and 2009 シンポジウム：熱帯資源植物を利用した二酸化炭素－25% 達成の具体的方策 111 Table 7 Main type of fruit production in South-east Sulawesi, 2005 and 2008 Types Production (t/y) Types Production (t/y) 2005 2008 2005 2008 Oranges 1,255.43 1,840.67 Lanzon 480.87 523.39 Banana 2,458.71 1,431.58 Durian 278.26 171.39 Jackfruit 744.51 445.48 Papaya 329.64 108.29 Nephelium 418.43 774.64 Breadfruit 64.12 88.78 Manggoes 724.62 336.55 Sirsak 31.14 65.31 Sources: BPS Sultra, 2005-2008 Table 8 Vegetable production in South-east Sulawesi, 2005-2008 Types Production (t/ha) Types Production (t/ha) 2005 2008 2005 2008 Frequently harvested: One time harvested: Long beans 5,409 5,552 Red onion 303 567 Red pepper 3,217 10,448 Garlic 5 0 Eggsplants 3,253 6,073 Spring onion 537 375 Chili pepper 0 6,073 Cabbage 1,012 530 Tomato 3,379 1,124 Mustard green 24,481 1,629 Green bean 0 4,017 Kidney bean 238 315 Cucamber 3,108 2,069 Carrot 3.5 160 Chayotte 1,215 930 Brocolli 0 375 Others 4,272 6,921 Source: BPS Sultra, 2005-2008 the higher of rainfall especially in January and February Table 9 Areas and production of estate crops in South-east as main season for frequently harvested vegetables. Sulawesi, 2008 Type Productive areas Production (t/y) 6. Estate Crops (ha) 2005 2008 Cocoa, cashew nut and coconut are main estate Coconut 46,764 31,532 41,816 Coffee 7,816 4,121 3,468 crops which produced from SE Sulawesi. The centre Glove 6,271 15,551 1,352 area of Cocoa was Kolaka and Kolaka Utara Regen- Cashewnut 89,082 35,367 21,101 Cocoa 154,326 126,813 98,786 cies, cashew nut in Muna, Buton and Konawe Selatan Palm sugar 3,504 1,405 3,352 regencies, and Coconut in Bombana regency as shown Sago 3,543 513 4,281 in Table 9. Most of these production was interisland Pepper 7,551 2,733 3,213 treaded and export. SE Sulawesi was the main producer Source: BPS, Sultra 2008 of cocoa and cashew nut in Indonesia, however, most of these product exported through Makassar. Produc- Table 10 Export values from South-east Sulawesi, 2005- tion of main estate crops in SE Sulawesi Province was 2008 increased in 2008 than 2005 except on cocoa, cashew Type Export values (000 US ＄) nut, coffee, sago and palm sugar as shown in Table 9. 2005 2008 The decreasing of these crops productions maybe due Mining 123,086 459,299 Fishery 2,352 13 to the increase of replanting areas and the old or non Eastate Crops 13,653 3,886 productive areas as indicated in Table 9.
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