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DIRECTORATE GENERAL for RESEARCH Directorate a Division for International and Constitutional Affairs ------WIP 2002/02/0054-0055 AL/Bo Luxembourg, 13 February 2002*
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR RESEARCH Directorate A Division for International and Constitutional affairs ------------------------------------------------------------------- WIP 2002/02/0054-0055 AL/bo Luxembourg, 13 February 2002* NOTE ON THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION IN ROMANIA AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENLARGEMENT This note has been prepared for the information of Members of the European Parliament. The opinions expressed in this document are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Parliament. * Updated 11 March 2002 Sources: - European Commission - European Parliament - European Council - Economic Intelligence Unit - Oxford Analytica - ISI Emerging Markets - Reuters Business Briefing -World Markets Country Analysis - BBC Monitoring Service WIP/2002/02/0054-55/rev. FdR 464703 PE 313.139 NOTE ON THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION IN ROMANIA AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENLARGEMENT CONTENTS SUMMARY................................................................................................................................ 3 I. POLITICAL SITUATION a) Historical background......................................................................................................3 b) Institutions...................................................................... .................................................5 c) Recent developments...................................................... .................................................6 -
Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania RELIGION and GLOBAL POLITICS SERIES
Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania RELIGION AND GLOBAL POLITICS SERIES Series Editor John L. Esposito University Professor and Director Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University Islamic Leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Rachid Ghannouchi A Democrat within Islamism Azzam S. Tamimi Balkan Idols Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States Vjekoslav Perica Islamic Political Identity in Turkey M. Hakan Yavuz Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania lavinia stan lucian turcescu 1 2007 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright # 2007 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stan, Lavinia. Religion and politics in post-communist Romania / Lavinia Stan, Lucian Turcescu. p. cm.—(Religion and global politics series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-530853-2 1. -
Ministru Ministerul De Interne Mihai Chițac Doru-Viorel Ursu Victor
Ministru Ministerul de interne Mihai Chi țac Doru-Viorel Ursu Victor Babiuc George-Ioan Dănescu Doru-Ioan Tărăcilă Gavril Dejeu Constantin-Dudu Ionescu Ioan Rus Marian Săniu ță Vasile Blaga Cristian David Gabriel Oprea Liviu Dragnea Dan Nica Vasile Blaga Vasile Blaga Traian Iga ș Gabriel Berca Ioan Rus Mircea Du șa Radu Stroe Gabriel Oprea Petre Tobă Drago ș Tudorache Media mandatului la Interne Ministerul de externe Sergiu Celac Adrian Năstase Teodor Mele șcanu Adrian Severin Andrei Ple șu Petre Roman Mircea Geoană Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu Călin Popescu Tăriceanu Adrian Cioroianu Lazăr Comănescu Cristian Diaconescu Cătălin Predoiu (interimar) Theodor Baconschi Cristian Diaconescu Andrei Marga Titus Corlă țean Teodor Mele șcanu Bogdan Aurescu Lazăr Comănescu Media mandatului la Externe Ministerul finantelor Ion Pă țan Theodor Stolojan Eugen Dijmărescu George Danielescu Florin Georgescu Mircea Ciumara Daniel Dăianu Decebal Traian Reme ș Mihai Nicolae Tănăsescu Ionu ț Popescu Sebastian Vlădescu Varujan Vosganian Gheorghe Pogea Sebastian Vlădescu Gheorghe Ialomi țianu Bogdan Alexandru Drăgoi Florin Georgescu Daniel Chi țoiu Ioana Petrescu Darius Bogdan Vâlcov Victor Ponta Eugen Teodorovici Anca Paliu Dragu Viorel Ștefan Ionu ț Mișa Media mandatului la Finan țe Educatie Andrei Marga Ecaterina Andronescu Alexandru Athanasiu Mircea Miclea Mihai Hărdău Cristian Adomni ței Anton Anton Daniel Funeriu Cătălin Baba Liviu Pop Ecaterina Andronescu Remus Pricopie Sorin Cîmpeanu Adrian Curaj Mircea Dumitru Pavel Nastase Liviu Pop Media mandatului la Educatie -
MARITIME Security &Defence M
June MARITIME 2021 a7.50 Security D 14974 E &Defence MSD From the Sea and Beyond ISSN 1617-7983 • Key Developments in... • Amphibious Warfare www.maritime-security-defence.com • • Asia‘s Power Balance MITTLER • European Submarines June 2021 • Port Security REPORT NAVAL GROUP DESIGNS, BUILDS AND MAINTAINS SUBMARINES AND SURFACE SHIPS ALL AROUND THE WORLD. Leveraging this unique expertise and our proven track-record in international cooperation, we are ready to build and foster partnerships with navies, industry and knowledge partners. Sovereignty, Innovation, Operational excellence : our common future will be made of challenges, passion & engagement. POWER AT SEA WWW.NAVAL-GROUP.COM - Design : Seenk Naval Group - Crédit photo : ©Naval Group, ©Marine Nationale, © Ewan Lebourdais NAVAL_GROUP_AP_2020_dual-GB_210x297.indd 1 28/05/2021 11:49 Editorial Hard Choices in the New Cold War Era The last decade has seen many of the foundations on which post-Cold War navies were constructed start to become eroded. The victory of the United States and its Western Allies in the unfought war with the Soviet Union heralded a new era in which navies could forsake many of the demands of Photo: author preparing for high intensity warfare. Helping to ensure the security of the maritime shipping networks that continue to dominate global trade and the vast resources of emerging EEZs from asymmetric challenges arguably became many navies’ primary raison d’être. Fleets became focused on collabora- tive global stabilisation far from home and structured their assets accordingly. Perhaps the most extreme example of this trend has been the German Navy’s F125 BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG class frig- ates – hugely sophisticated and expensive ships designed to prevail only in lower threat environments. -
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Südosteuropa 57 (2009), H . 2/3, S . 284-304 DEMOCRACY AND MARKET ECONOMY WIM VAN MEURS Romania: New Membership and Old Habits? Abstract. Political developments in Romania as well as the resulting deficits in transition management since EU accession raise a number of fundamental but difficult questions . Should Romania’s “old habits” be thought of as a Huntingtonian blend of the country’s pre-communist political institutions and political culture mixed with “Ceauşescuism”, that is, Romania’s exceptional type of state socialism, sometimes dubbed “sultanism”? Or should these “old habits” actually be explained in terms of an event as recent as Romania’s EU accession proc- ess – and thus be seen as a sort of “post-accession syndrome”? Or should at least some part of the supposed Romanian or Balkan exceptionalism, to which Romania’s “old habits” are often attributed, be viewed in comparison with recent trends in the political culture – that is, the democratic attitudes of the citizens and the informal rules of the political process – in West European polities? Questioning path-dependencies cannot alleviate the problems caused by the obvious flaws in Romania’s political process, but thinking through negative pan-European trends does imply rethinking stereotypes about the Balkans . Wim van Meurs is an Associate Professor at the History Department of Radboud University, Nijmegen . History and Characteristics of Transformation Historically, Romania has been characterized by a modernization gap be- tween its southern and eastern regions, which remained under Ottoman rule until 1878, and its more modern, urbanized western and northwestern regions, which were under Habsburg rule until 1918 . -
Romania Assessment
Romania, Country Information Page 1 of 52 ROMANIA October 2002 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURE VIA. HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB. HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC. HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATION ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFRENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY http://194.203.40.90/ppage.asp?section=189&title=Romania%2C%20Country%20Informat...i 11/25/2002 Romania, Country Information Page 2 of 52 2.1 Romania (formerly the Socialist Republic of Romania) lies in south-eastern Europe; much of the country forms the Balkan peninsula. -
Policy Measures Taken Against the Spread and Impact of the Coronavirus – 16 November 2020
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS Policy measures taken against the spread and impact of the coronavirus – 16 November 2020 The table provides a comprehensive overview of measures announced or taken in the Member States so far. The measures (which are not exhaustive) outlined here are happening in a fast changing environment and are subject to being changed and updated/amended. As high uncertainty continues to surround the outcome of the crisis, the final outturns in terms of costings may differ. The policy measures are classified in the table below according to the following categories: (i) expenditure measures, (ii) tax measures, (iii) measures related to public guarantees, (iv) other measures than fiscal providing liquidity support. The recording does not prejudge decisions to be taken by national statistical authorities and Eurostat on the statistical recording of measures taken in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Regular updates of this table will be available here: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/jobs-and-economy- during-coronavirus-pandemic_en Austria Finland Lithuania Slovenia Belgium France Luxembourg Spain Bulgaria Germany Malta Sweden Croatia Greece The Netherlands Cyprus Hungary Poland Czechia Ireland Portugal Denmark Italy Romania Estonia Latvia Slovakia Member Type of measure State (very briefly describe the measures taken and their estimated budgetary impact) BE MEASURES WITH IMPACT IN 2020 Expenditure measures - Federal: the temporary unemployment scheme provides compensation for employees who cannot continue working because a decreased workload (economic reasons) or the social distancing measures imposed by the government (force majeure). This scheme existed before the COVID-19 pandemic, but following the COVID-19 outbreak the procedure to apply for it was largely eased. -
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National Backgrounders – European Foreign Policy Country Profile Romania Capital: Bucharest Geographical Size: 238 390.7 km2 Population: 19 942 642 (2014) Population as % of total EU population: 3.9% (2014) GDP: € 142.245 billion (2013) Defense Expenditure: € 1.847 million (2013) Official EU language(s): Romanian Political System: Semi-presidential republic EU member country since: 1 January 2007 Seats in European Parliament: 32 Currency: Romanian Leu (RON) Schengen area member? No Presidency of the Council: First time to be in 2019 Source: Europa.eu GGI National Backgrounders – European Foreign Policy 2015 GGI NBEFP The Global Governance Institute Peace & Security Section Pleinlaan 5, Brussels B-1050 Belgium © The Global Governance Institute (GGI) Email: [email protected] December 2015 Web: www.globalgovernance.eu Global Governance Institute – NBEFP – Country profile Romania – December 2015 a. Political System The political system of Romania takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government and the President of the Republic is the head of state. The government exercises the executive power. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of Parliament: the 412-seat Chamber of Deputies and the 176-seat Senate, which are elected for four years. Borrowing from its tragic past, the bicameral system in Romania is explained by the necessity to temper any possible authoritarian or extremist tendencies of a Chamber1. According to the Constitution, the Parliament of Romania grants the vote of confidence into the whole Cabinet and its political programme. Parliament also elects the magistrates composing the Superior Council of the Magistrature, and the two branches of Parliament are entitled to appoint three judges of the Constitutional Court each 2 . -
Democratization Through European Integration: the Case of Minority Rights in the Czech Republic and Romania * Melanie H
28 Studies in Comparative International Development / Summer 2003 Democratization through European Integration: The Case of Minority Rights in the Czech Republic and Romania * Melanie H. Ram While scholars have tended to focus on domestic factors as most critical to the consolidation of democracy, the post-communist European Union (EU) candidate states have exhibited a unique confluence of domestic and foreign policies, due to their objective of EU membership. This article assesses and compares the impact of the EU on policy making in two diverse candidate states in their first decade of transition, focusing on minority rights protection as a fundamental requirement of both EU membership and a stable democracy. I find that the EU has played a princi- pal role in the reform process and democratic consolidation of candidate states, even in the controversial field of minority rights. The degree and nature of the EU’s impact, however, has depended in part on the activism of the particular minority, EU interest and pressure, EU Member States’ own domestic policies, and the persis- tence of racism in society. n the post-communist transitions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), few Iissues have been as contentious as minority relations in multiethnic states. With minority discontent a potential threat to stability and democracy across Europe, the European Union (EU) has given considerable attention to minor- ity rights in CEE over the past decade and has used membership as an incen- tive to enforce compliance with human rights norms and agreements. While international institutions can be neither blamed nor credited for many of the developments in this region, the EU candidate countries in CEE appear to have been more successful at peacefully resolving minority rights concerns Dr. -
Lista Unitatilor Afiliate in Reteaua Sodexo Din Judetul ALBA
Lista unitatilor afiliate in reteaua Sodexo din Judetul ALBA : 115 unitati afiliate ABRUD ALBA IULIA BUBESTI 1 PENSIUNE TURISTICA Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 34 VILA TRANSYLVANIA INN Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 64 PENSIUNEA Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 FILONUL DE AUR stele CAL. MOTILOR nr. 158 stele AGROTURISTICA "ARNICA flori STR. LUCIAN BLAGA nr. 3 35 hotel HERMES Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 MONTANA" STR. PRINCIPALA nr. 70A 2 PENSIUNEA SILINEL Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 STR. TOPORASILOR nr. 20 stele STR. LUCIAN BLAGA nr. 1 stele 65 PENSIUNEA TURISTICA Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 ALBAC flori 3 PENSIUNEA TURISTICA Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 VRAJA MUNTELUI stele 36 CABANUTA ANCUTA Structura de cazare 2 STR. PRINCIPALA nr. 76 A CONFORT flori STR. TRAIAN nr. 2 STR. CRISAN nr. 61 66 RODICA Structura de cazare 1 stea AIUD 37 PENSIUNE AURORA Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 STR. PRINCIPALA nr. 70 STR. CLOSCA nr. 30 flori 4 HOSTEL DOUA SALCII Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 CAMPENI 38 Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 STR. ABRUDULUI nr. 10 stele PENSIUNEA 67 AGENTIA DE TURISM Agentie turism AGROTURISTICA flori 5 PENSIUNEA MELINDA Hoteluri si pensiuni 2 ELMARIA TURISM & "FELYVISS" FLOWER STR. ION CREANGA nr. 137 stele STR. CENTRU nr. 37 STR. MOTILOR nr. 14 ap. 8 6 PENSIUNEA TRANSILVANIA Hoteluri si pensiuni 3 39 PENSIUNEA GAYU Hoteluri si pensiuni 2 68 ARI TOUR Agentie turism STR. TUDOR VLADIMIRESCU nr. FN stele flori STR. HOREA nr. 28 STR. MOTILOR nr. 23 7 TRANS TOUR PAUL Agentie turism 40 PENSIUNEA MERI Hoteluri si pensiuni 2 CAPALNA STR. CUZA VODA nr. 7 scara 7 STR. -
Romania Acting Through the Ministry of Public Finance
Notice to the N oteholders (as of 06 February 2012 ) ROMANIA ACTING THROUGH THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC FINANCE EUR 7 000 000 000 Global Medium Term Note Programme On 6 February 2012 Presid ent Traian Basescu took notice of Prime -Minister Emil Boc's r esignation and appointed Mr Catalin Marian Predoiu as interim Prime -Minister of the Government of Romania to carry out the functions of the prime -minister, until the formation of the new Governme nt. Also, consultations took place between president Basescu and the leaders of the parties and political formations represented in the Parliament of Romania, in accordance with the Romanian Constitution. Following such consultations, Mr Mihai -Razvan Ungureanu has been designated as the Prime Ministerial candidate a nd has been given the task of forming a new government. According to the Romanian Constitution, within 10 days of such appointment, Mr Mihai -Razvan Ungureanu must ask and obtain the Parliament's vote of confidence, with respect to the list of members of th e proposed new government and its governing agenda. Should such vote fail to be obtained, the President of Romania will propose another Prime Ministerial candidate, who will then propose a new list of members of the cabinet and governing agenda. If, within 60 days from 6 February 2012, the date when Mr Mihai -Razvan Ungureanu was originally appointed to form a new government, the Parliament has failed to grant a vote of confidence to a new government and on the condition that at least two proposals for a new government have been in such period rejected by Parliament, the President is entitled to dissolve the Parliament, after consultation with the presidents of the two chambers of Parliament. -
Information As of 12 May 2015 Has Been Used in Preparation of This Directory. PREFACE
Information as of 12 May 2015 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Sec. Secretary VAdm.