Hwind Citations
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
GAO-08-1120 Disaster Recovery: Past Experiences Offer Insights For
United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Committee on Homeland GAO Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate September 2008 DISASTER RECOVERY Past Experiences Offer Insights for Recovering from Hurricanes Ike and Gustav and Other Recent Natural Disasters GAO-08-1120 September 2008 DISASTER RECOVERY Accountability Integrity Reliability Past Experiences Offer Insights for Recovering from Highlights Hurricanes Ike and Gustav and Other Recent Natural Highlights of GAO-08-1120, a report to the Disasters Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found This month, Hurricanes Ike and While the federal government provides significant financial assistance after Gustav struck the Gulf Coast major disasters, state and local governments play the lead role in disaster producing widespread damage and recovery. As affected jurisdictions recover from the recent hurricanes and leading to federal major disaster floods, experiences from past disasters can provide insights into potential declarations. Earlier this year, good practices. Drawing on experiences from six major disasters that heavy flooding resulted in similar declarations in seven Midwest occurred from 1989 to 2005, GAO identified the following selected insights: states. In response, federal agencies have provided millions of • Create a clear, implementable, and timely recovery plan. Effective dollars in assistance to help with recovery plans provide a road map for recovery. For example, within short- and long-term recovery. 6 months of the 1995 earthquake in Japan, the city of Kobe created a State and local governments bear recovery plan that identified detailed goals which facilitated coordination the primary responsibility for among recovery stakeholders. -
Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Geometry Parameters Based on Best Track Data
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-119 Preprint. Discussion started: 27 May 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Estimates of tropical cyclone geometry parameters based on best track data Kees Nederhoff1, Alessio Giardino1, Maarten van Ormondt1, Deepak Vatvani1 1Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands 5 Correspondence to: Kees Nederhoff ([email protected]) Abstract. Parametric wind profiles are commonly applied in a number of engineering applications for the generation of tropical cyclone (TC) wind and pressure fields. Nevertheless, existing formulations for computing wind fields often lack the required accuracy when the TC geometry is not known. This may affect the accuracy of the computed impacts generated by these winds. In this paper, empirical stochastic relationships are derived to describe two important parameters affecting the 10 TC geometry: radius of maximum winds (RMW) and the radius of gale force winds (∆AR35). These relationships are formulated using best track data (BTD) for all seven ocean basins (Atlantic, S/NW/NE Pacific, N/SW/SE Indian Oceans). This makes it possible to a) estimate RMW and ∆AR35 when these properties are not known and b) generate improved parametric wind fields for all oceanic basins. Validation results show how the proposed relationships allow the TC geometry to be represented with higher accuracy than when using relationships available from literature. Outer wind speeds can be 15 well reproduced by the commonly used Holland wind profile when calibrated using information either from best-track-data or from the proposed relationships. The scripts to compute the TC geometry and the outer wind speed are freely available via the following URL. -
19810013173.Pdf
N O T I C E THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM MICROFICHE. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CERTAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RELEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE ^, r7 F- a t ^^ yF { a i lit Technical Memorandum 80596 i zi t Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics as determined from a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer E. B. Rodgers and R. F. Adler Nq A Scf, ^Et1 dtrC'wQre DECEMBER 1979 APR 1991 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (NASA—TM-•80596) TOPICAL CYCLONE RAINFALL N81-21703 CHARACTERISTI C S AS DETERMINED FROM A SATELLITE PASSIVE MICBORAVE :RADIOMETER (NAS A) 48 P HC Ana/MF A01 CSCL 04.B UUclaa G 3/47 41970 I. Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics As Determined From a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer Edward B. i odgas and Robert F. Adler Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences (GLAS) Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Greenbelt, MD 20771 ABSTRACT Data from the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR-S) have been used to calculate latent licat release (LHR) and other rainfall parameters for over 70 satellite obser- vations of 21 tropical cyclones during 1973, 1974, and 1975 in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. The results indicate that the ESMR-5 measurements can be useful in determining the rainfall charac- teristics of these storms and appear to be potentially use"ul in monitoring as well as predicting their intensity. The ESMR-5 derived total tropical cyclone rainfall estimates agree favorably with pre- vious estimates for both the disturbance and typhoon stages. -
2014 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Review
2014 North Atlantic Hurricane Season Review WHITEPAPER Executive Summary The 2014 Atlantic hurricane season was a quiet season, closing with eight 2014 marks the named storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category 3 or longest period on stronger). record – nine Forecast groups predicted that the formation of El Niño and below consecutive years average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic Main – that no major Development Region (MDR)1 through the season would inhibit hurricanes made development in 2014, leading to a below average season. While 2014 landfall over the was indeed quiet, these predictions didn’t materialize. U.S. The scientific community has attributed the low activity in 2014 to a number of oceanic and atmospheric conditions, predominantly anomalously low Atlantic mid-level moisture, anomalously high tropical Atlantic subsidence (sinking air) in the Main Development Region (MDR), and strong wind shear across the Caribbean. Tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin was also influenced by below average activity in the 2014 West African monsoon season, which suppressed the development of African easterly winds. The year 2014 marks the longest period on record – nine consecutive years since Hurricane Wilma in 2005 – that no major hurricanes made landfall over the U.S., and also the ninth consecutive year that no hurricane made landfall over the coastline of Florida. The U.S. experienced only one landfalling hurricane in 2014, Hurricane Arthur. Arthur made landfall over the Outer Banks of North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane on July 4, causing minor damage. While Mexico and Central America were impacted by two landfalling storms and the Caribbean by three, Bermuda suffered the most substantial damage due to landfalling storms in 2014.Hurricane Fay and Major Hurricane Gonzalo made landfall on the island within a week of each other, on October 12 and October 18, respectively. -
Improvement of Wind Field Hindcasts for Tropical Cyclones
Water Science and Engineering 2016, 9(1): 58e66 HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Water Science and Engineering journal homepage: http://www.waterjournal.cn Improvement of wind field hindcasts for tropical cyclones Yi Pan a,b, Yong-ping Chen a,b,*, Jiang-xia Li a,b, Xue-lin Ding a,b a State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China b College of Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China Received 16 August 2015; accepted 10 December 2015 Available online 21 February 2016 Abstract This paper presents a study on the improvement of wind field hindcasts for two typical tropical cyclones, i.e., Fanapi and Meranti, which occurred in 2010. The performance of the three existing models for the hindcasting of cyclone wind fields is first examined, and then two modification methods are proposed to improve the hindcasted results. The first one is the superposition method, which superposes the wind field calculated from the parametric cyclone model on that obtained from the cross-calibrated multi-platform (CCMP) reanalysis data. The radius used for the superposition is based on an analysis of the minimum difference between the two wind fields. The other one is the direct modification method, which directly modifies the CCMP reanalysis data according to the ratio of the measured maximum wind speed to the reanalyzed value as well as the distance from the cyclone center. Using these two methods, the problem of underestimation of strong winds in reanalysis data can be overcome. Both methods show considerable improvements in the hindcasting of tropical cyclone wind fields, compared with the cyclone wind model and the reanalysis data. -
Hurricane and Tropical Storm
State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. -
Hurricane Danny
HURRICANE TRACKING ADVISORY eVENT™ Hurricane Danny Information from NHC Advisory 10, 5:00 PM EDT Thursday August 20, 2015 Danny is moving toward the west-northwest near 10 mph and this general motion is expected to continue into Saturday. Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 80 mph with higher gusts. Some additional strengthening is forecast during the next 24 hours, but a weakening trend is expected to begin after that. Intensity Measures Position & Heading U.S. Landfall (NHC) Max Sustained Wind 80 mph Position Relative to 1030 miles E of the Lesser Speed: (category 1) Land: Antilles Est. Time & Region: n/a Min Central Pressure: 990 mb Coordinates: 13.0 N, 45.7 W Trop. Storm Force Est. Max Sustained Wind 60 miles Bearing/Speed: WNW or 295 degrees at 10 mph n/a Winds Extent: Speed: Forecast Summary The current NHC forecast map (below left) shows Danny moving toward the Lesser Antilles over the next few days at hurricane strength and then weakening to a tropical storm on Sunday. The windfield map (below right) is based on the NHC’s forecast track and shows Danny maintaining category 1 hurricane strength through Sunday, with 74 – 95 mph winds, and then weakening to a tropical storm by Tuesday. To illustrate the uncertainty in Danny’s forecast track, forecast tracks for all current models are shown on the map in pale gray. Forecast Track for Hurricane Danny Forecast Windfield for Hurricane Danny (National Hurricane Center) (Based on NHC at 12:00 UTC) from Kinetic Analysis Corp. Pittsburgh Washington D.C. Cincinnati US ! D Trop Dep Ï TD TS !S Ï Trop Storm Cat 1 !1 Ï Cat 1 Nassau Havana TropicTropic ofof CancerCancer MX CU Santo Domingo DO Port-au-PrinceSan Juan Kingston 08-25 08-24 HN 08-23 Fort-De-France 08-22 NI Castries 08-21 Managua Willemstad Caracas 08-20 CR CR Maracaibo Port0 of Spain250 500 1,000 San Jose CO Miles PA VEVE PA Panama GY GY © Copyright 2015 Willis Limited / Willis Re Inc. -
Hurricane Waves in the Ocean
WAVE-INDUCED SURGES DURING HURRICANE OPAL Chung-Sheng Wu*, Arthur A. Taylor, Jye Chen and Wilson A. Shaffer Meteorological Development Laboratory National Weather Service/NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland 1. INTRODUCTION Hurricanes storm surges and waves at the coastline Holliday (1977) developed a simple formula relating the have been the cause of damages in the coastal zone. cyclone’s pressure drop to maximum sustained wind for On the U.S. Gulf Coast, for example, Hurricane Opal the Western Pacific. A more general form was (1995) made landfall near the time of low tide and proposed by Holland (1980). The merit of these models resulted in severe flooding by storm surges and waves. is that they are analytical models for the surface wind Storm surge can penetrate miles inland from the coast. profile in a hurricane. A similar formulation was applied Waves ride above the surge levels, causing wave runup to the wave model in the present work. The framework and mean water level set-up. These wave effects are of the hurricane wave model is described below. significant near the landfall area and are affected by the process that hurricane approaches the coastline. 2.1 HURRICANE WIND AND STORM SURGES During 1950-1977, hurricane wave models based on Holland (1980) employed a standard pressure profile for significant wave height and period were developed (e.g. a tropical cyclone and obtained the popular gradient Bretschneider, 1957; Ross, 1976) for marine weather wind profile. Jelesnianski and Taylor (1976) assumed a prediction and offshore oil industry design. Cardone surface wind profile in the pressure equation. -
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1
Fishing Pier Design Guidance Part 1: Historical Pier Damage in Florida Ralph R. Clark Florida Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems May 2010 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1 – Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 – Ocean and Gulf Pier Damages in Florida................................................... 4 Chapter 3 – Three Major Hurricanes of the Late 1970’s............................................... 6 September 23, 1975 – Hurricane Eloise ...................................................................... 6 September 3, 1979 – Hurricane David ........................................................................ 6 September 13, 1979 – Hurricane Frederic.................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 – Two Hurricanes and Four Storms of the 1980’s........................................ 8 June 18, 1982 – No Name Storm.................................................................................. 8 November 21-24, 1984 – Thanksgiving Storm............................................................ 8 August 30-September 1, 1985 – Hurricane Elena ...................................................... 9 October 31, -
Appendix 8: Damages Caused by Natural Disasters
Building Disaster and Climate Resilient Cities in ASEAN Draft Finnal Report APPENDIX 8: DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS A8.1 Flood & Typhoon Table A8.1.1 Record of Flood & Typhoon (Cambodia) Place Date Damage Cambodia Flood Aug 1999 The flash floods, triggered by torrential rains during the first week of August, caused significant damage in the provinces of Sihanoukville, Koh Kong and Kam Pot. As of 10 August, four people were killed, some 8,000 people were left homeless, and 200 meters of railroads were washed away. More than 12,000 hectares of rice paddies were flooded in Kam Pot province alone. Floods Nov 1999 Continued torrential rains during October and early November caused flash floods and affected five southern provinces: Takeo, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh Municipality and Pursat. The report indicates that the floods affected 21,334 families and around 9,900 ha of rice field. IFRC's situation report dated 9 November stated that 3,561 houses are damaged/destroyed. So far, there has been no report of casualties. Flood Aug 2000 The second floods has caused serious damages on provinces in the North, the East and the South, especially in Takeo Province. Three provinces along Mekong River (Stung Treng, Kratie and Kompong Cham) and Municipality of Phnom Penh have declared the state of emergency. 121,000 families have been affected, more than 170 people were killed, and some $10 million in rice crops has been destroyed. Immediate needs include food, shelter, and the repair or replacement of homes, household items, and sanitation facilities as water levels in the Delta continue to fall. -
Modelling Global Tropical Cyclone Wind Footprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-207 Preprint. Discussion started: 2 July 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Modelling Global Tropical Cyclone Wind Footprints James M. Done1,2, Ming Ge1, Greg J. Holland1,2, Ioana Dima-West3, Samuel Phibbs3, Geoffrey R. Saville3, and Yuqing Wang4 5 1National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3090 Center Green Drive, Boulder CO 80301, US 2Willis Research Network, 51 Lime St, London, EC3M 7DQ, UK 3Willis Towers Watson, 51 Lime St, London, EC3M 7DQ, UK 4International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, US. 10 Correspondence to: James M. Done ([email protected]) Abstract. A novel approach to modelling the surface wind field of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) is presented. The modelling system simulates the evolution of the low-level wind fields of landfalling TCs, accounting for terrain effects. A two- step process models the gradient-level wind field using a parametric wind field model fitted to TC track data, then brings the winds down to the surface using a full numerical boundary layer model. The physical wind response to variable surface drag 15 and terrain height produces substantial local modifications to the smooth wind field provided by the parametric wind profile model. For a set of U.S. historical landfalling TCs the simulated footprints compare favourably with surface station observations. The model is applicable from single event simulation to the generation of global catalogues. One application demonstrated here is the creation of a dataset of 714 global historical TC overland wind footprints. -
Remote Sensing-Based Flood Mapping and Flood Hazard Assessment in Haiti
www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/ csdms.colorado.edu Remote Sensing-based Flood Mapping and Flood Hazard Assessment in Haiti “Rebuilding for Resilience: How Science and Engineering Can Inform Haiti's Reconstruction, March 22 - March 23, 2010, University of Miami - Coral Gables, FL Prof. G. Robert Brakenridge Dartmouth Flood Observatory, Dartmouth College, and Visiting Scientist, Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System, University of Colorado Dr. Scott D. Peckham (Presenter) Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System, University of Colorado 1) Floods commonly produce catastrophic damage in Haiti 2) Not all such floods are from tropical cyclones On May 18-25, 2004, a low-pressure system originating from Central America brought exceptionally heavy showers and thunderstorms to Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Rainfall amounts exceeded 500 mm (19.7 inches) across the border areas of Haiti and the Dominican Republic At the town of Jimani, DR, 250 mm (10 inches) of rain fell in just 24 hours. NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Lethal Major Floods in the Dominican Republic / Haiti are a Near-Annual Event The Dartmouth Flood Observatory data archive dates back to 1985. Between 1986 and early 2004 (prior to Hurricane Jeanne in November), at least, fourteen lethal events impacted the island, including: Year Month Casualties 1986 early June >39 1986 late October 40 1988 early September - Hurricane Gilbert 237 1993 late May 20 1994 early November – Hurricane Gordon >1000 1996 mid November 18 1998 Late August – Hurricane Gustaf >22 1998 late September - Hurricane Georges >400 1999 late October - Hurricane Jose 4 2001 mid-May 15 2002 late May 30 2003 early December - Tropical Storm Odette 8 2003 mid-November 10 2004 late May >2000 NASA’s two MODIS sensors, Aqua and Terra, are an important flood mapping tool: • Visible and near IR spectral bands provide excellent land/water discrimination over wide areas.