Astrophotography with DSLR the Sky's the Limit!
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Improve Your Night Photography
IMPROVE YOUR NIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY By Jim Harmer SMASHWORDS EDITION * * * * * Improve Your Night Photography Copyright © 2010 Jim Harmer. All rights reserved THE SALES FROM THIS BOOK HELP TO SUPPORT THE AUTHOR AND HIS FAMILY. PLEASE CONSIDER GIVING THIS BOOK A 5-STAR REVIEW ON THE EBOOK STORE FROM WHICH IT WAS PURCHASED. * * * * * All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. This is a work of non-fiction, but all examples of persons contained herein are fictional. Persons, places, brands, media, and incidents are either the product of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. The trademarked and/or copyrighted status and trademark and/or copyright owners of various products referenced in this work of fiction, which have been used without permission, is acknowledged. The publication/use of these trademarks and/or copyrights isn’t authorized, associated, or sponsored by the owners. The copyright notice and legal disclaimer at the end of this work is fully incorporated herein. Smashwords Edition License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each person you share it with. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then you should return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. -
Noise and ISO CS 178, Spring 2014
Noise and ISO CS 178, Spring 2014 Marc Levoy Computer Science Department Stanford University Outline ✦ examples of camera sensor noise • don’t confuse it with JPEG compression artifacts ✦ probability, mean, variance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ✦ laundry list of noise sources • photon shot noise, dark current, hot pixels, fixed pattern noise, read noise ✦ SNR (again), dynamic range (DR), bits per pixel ✦ ISO ✦ denoising • by aligning and averaging multiple shots • by image processing will be covered in a later lecture 2 © Marc Levoy Nokia N95 cell phone at dusk • 8×8 blocks are JPEG compression • unwanted sinusoidal patterns within each block are JPEG’s attempt to compress noisy pixels 3 © Marc Levoy Canon 5D II at dusk • ISO 6400 • f/4.0 • 1/13 sec • RAW w/o denoising 4 © Marc Levoy Canon 5D II at dusk • ISO 6400 • f/4.0 • 1/13 sec • RAW w/o denoising 5 © Marc Levoy Canon 5D II at dusk • ISO 6400 • f/4.0 • 1/13 sec 6 © Marc Levoy Photon shot noise ✦ the number of photons arriving during an exposure varies from exposure to exposure and from pixel to pixel, even if the scene is completely uniform ✦ this number is governed by the Poisson distribution 7 © Marc Levoy Poisson distribution ✦ expresses the probability that a certain number of events will occur during an interval of time ✦ applicable to events that occur • with a known average rate, and • independently of the time since the last event ✦ if on average λ events occur in an interval of time, the probability p that k events occur instead is λ ke−λ p(k;λ) = probability k! density function 8 © Marc Levoy Mean and variance ✦ the mean of a probability density function p(x) is µ = ∫ x p(x)dx ✦ the variance of a probability density function p(x) is σ 2 = ∫ (x − µ)2 p(x)dx ✦ the mean and variance of the Poisson distribution are µ = λ σ 2 = λ ✦ the standard deviation is σ = λ Deviation grows slower than the average. -
BLUETOOTH SHUTTERBOSS User Manual THANK YOU for CHOOSING VELLO
BLUETOOTH SHUTTERBOSS User Manual THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING VELLO The Vello Bluetooth ShutterBoss ideal for eliminating vibrations shutter exposures in multiple Advanced Intervalometer during macro, close-up, and firing modes, the Bluetooth represents the new generation long exposure photography, ShutterBoss is the future of of wireless triggering. Utilizing as well as for taking images wireless camera controls. the power of Bluetooth of hard to approach subjects, technology, the Bluetooth such as wildlife. The Integrated ShutterBoss empowers the user intervalometer and 10 setting to an Apple® iPhone®, iPad®, schedules allow you to trigger iPad mini™, or iPod touch® up to 9,999 shots during a to wirelessly trigger their period of almost a full day – camera’s shutter. This makes 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 the Bluetooth ShutterBoss seconds. Capable of activating 2 FEATURES • Wireless Bluetooth • Multiple shooting modes communication with Apple iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch • Compact and easy to use • Advanced intervalometer with • Ideal for advanced up to 10 scheduling modes intervalometer photography, macro, close-up, and long • Free app on the App StoreSM exposures 3 PRECAUTIONS • Please read and follow these • Do not handle with wet hands • Observe caution when instructions and keep this or immerse in or expose handling batteries. Batteries manual in a safe place. to water or rain. Failure to may leak or explode if observe this precaution could improperly handled. Use • Do not attempt to result in fire or electric shock. only the batteries listed in disassemble or perform any this manual. Make certain to unauthorized modification. • Keep out of the reach of align batteries with correct children. -
Depth of Field PDF Only
Depth of Field for Digital Images Robin D. Myers Better Light, Inc. In the days before digital images, before the advent of roll film, photography was accomplished with photosensitive emulsions spread on glass plates. After processing and drying the glass negative, it was contact printed onto photosensitive paper to produce the final print. The size of the final print was the same size as the negative. During this period some of the foundational work into the science of photography was performed. One of the concepts developed was the circle of confusion. Contact prints are usually small enough that they are normally viewed at a distance of approximately 250 millimeters (about 10 inches). At this distance the human eye can resolve a detail that occupies an angle of about 1 arc minute. The eye cannot see a difference between a blurred circle and a sharp edged circle that just fills this small angle at this viewing distance. The diameter of this circle is called the circle of confusion. Converting the diameter of this circle into a size measurement, we get about 0.1 millimeters. If we assume a standard print size of 8 by 10 inches (about 200 mm by 250 mm) and divide this by the circle of confusion then an 8x10 print would represent about 2000x2500 smallest discernible points. If these points are equated to their equivalence in digital pixels, then the resolution of a 8x10 print would be about 2000x2500 pixels or about 250 pixels per inch (100 pixels per centimeter). The circle of confusion used for 4x5 film has traditionally been that of a contact print viewed at the standard 250 mm viewing distance. -
Making Your Own Astronomical Camera by Susan Kern and Don Mccarthy
www.astrosociety.org/uitc No. 50 - Spring 2000 © 2000, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112. Making Your Own Astronomical Camera by Susan Kern and Don McCarthy An Education in Optics Dissect & Modify the Camera Loading the Film Turning the Camera Skyward Tracking the Sky Astronomy Camp for All Ages For More Information People are fascinated by the night sky. By patiently watching, one can observe many astronomical and atmospheric phenomena, yet the permanent recording of such phenomena usually belongs to serious amateur astronomers using moderately expensive, 35-mm cameras and to scientists using modern telescopic equipment. At the University of Arizona's Astronomy Camps, we dissect, modify, and reload disposed "One- Time Use" cameras to allow students to study engineering principles and to photograph the night sky. Elementary school students from Silverwood School in Washington state work with their modified One-Time Use cameras during Astronomy Camp. Photo courtesy of the authors. Today's disposable cameras are a marvel of technology, wonderfully suited to a variety of educational activities. Discarded plastic cameras are free from camera stores. Students from junior high through graduate school can benefit from analyzing the cameras' optics, mechanisms, electronics, light sources, manufacturing techniques, and economics. Some of these educational features were recently described by Gene Byrd and Mark Graham in their article in the Physics Teacher, "Camera and Telescope Free-for-All!" (1999, vol. 37, p. 547). Here we elaborate on the cameras' optical properties and show how to modify and reload one for astrophotography. An Education in Optics The "One-Time Use" cameras contain at least six interesting optical components. -
Depth of Focus (DOF)
Erect Image Depth of Focus (DOF) unit: mm Also known as ‘depth of field’, this is the distance (measured in the An image in which the orientations of left, right, top, bottom and direction of the optical axis) between the two planes which define the moving directions are the same as those of a workpiece on the limits of acceptable image sharpness when the microscope is focused workstage. PG on an object. As the numerical aperture (NA) increases, the depth of 46 focus becomes shallower, as shown by the expression below: λ DOF = λ = 0.55µm is often used as the reference wavelength 2·(NA)2 Field number (FN), real field of view, and monitor display magnification unit: mm Example: For an M Plan Apo 100X lens (NA = 0.7) The depth of focus of this objective is The observation range of the sample surface is determined by the diameter of the eyepiece’s field stop. The value of this diameter in 0.55µm = 0.6µm 2 x 0.72 millimeters is called the field number (FN). In contrast, the real field of view is the range on the workpiece surface when actually magnified and observed with the objective lens. Bright-field Illumination and Dark-field Illumination The real field of view can be calculated with the following formula: In brightfield illumination a full cone of light is focused by the objective on the specimen surface. This is the normal mode of viewing with an (1) The range of the workpiece that can be observed with the optical microscope. With darkfield illumination, the inner area of the microscope (diameter) light cone is blocked so that the surface is only illuminated by light FN of eyepiece Real field of view = from an oblique angle. -
AF-S TELECONVERTER TC-14E III 引火・爆発のおそれのある場所では使わない Nifi Cation by 1.4 ×
A 警告 English ■ Supplied Accessories Fixation du téléconvertisseur • AF-S VR Micro-Nikkor 105 mm f/2.8G IF-ED (no es compatible con autofoco)* • Não olhe para o sol através da lente ou do visor da câmera. A observação do 繁體中文 • Teleconverter Cap BF-3B • Soft Case CL-0715 Placez-vous à l’abri du soleil et mettez l’appareil photo hors tension. Alignez • AF-S VR Nikkor ED 200 mm F2G (IF) sol ou de outra fonte de luz intensa através da lente, do visor ou do 水につけたり、水をかけたり、雨にぬらさない J Thank you for your purchase of a Nikon teleconverter. Mounted between • Rear Lens Cap LF-4 le repère de montage du téléconvertisseur (e) sur le repère de montage • AF-S NIKKOR 200 mm f/2G ED VR II teleconversor pode causar incapacidade visual permanente. 感謝您購買尼康增距鏡。該鏡頭附件安裝於鏡頭和相機機身之間後, 水かけ禁止 感電や発火などの事故や故障の原因になります。 the lens and the camera body, this lens attachment increases lens mag- de l’objectif, situé sur l’appareil photo, puis posez le téléconvertisseur sur • AF-S VR Nikkor ED 300 mm F2.8G (IF) • Mantenha longe do alcance das crianças. A não observância desta precaução 可將鏡頭放大倍率增加至 1.4 倍。 在 使 用 本 產 品 前, 請 仔 細 閱 讀 這 些指南以及相機和鏡頭的說明書。 AF-S TELECONVERTER TC-14E III 引火・爆発のおそれのある場所では使わない nifi cation by 1.4 ×. Before using this product, please carefully read these ■ Specifi cations la monture d’objectif de l’appareil photo. En faisant attention de ne pas • AF-S NIKKOR 300 mm f/2.8G ED VR II poderá resultar em lesões. F プロパンガス、ガソリン、可燃性スプレーなどの引火性ガスや instructions together with the camera and lens manuals. -
Low-Cost Computational Astrophotography
Low-cost Computational Astrophotography Joseph Yen Peter Bryan Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract 2. Related Work When taking photographs of the night sky, long ex- Currently, most astrophotographers compensate for posure times help photographers observe many stars, the rotation of the earth by physically moving the cam- but the rotation of the earth results in long star streak era along with the earth. However, some attempts arcs about the celestial pole. An algorithm for re- have been made to remove this requirement. To accu- moving these star streaks and substituting accurately rately localize stars in streaked images, one researcher placed point-like stars is designed and implemented. has re-mapped the star streak to polar coordinates, so Images containing star streaks are transformed into that all stars will have the same point-spread function. ones with un-streaked starry skies while retaining This technique was designed for locating specific stars color and brightness information. The procedure is for the purpose of identifying specific stars, but will shown to work consistently on a 35-image dataset. be applicable for our purposes when removing star streaks [4]. Other factors besides streaking can cause quality degradation in star images, and attempts have 1. Introduction been made to correct this. These have used such tech- niques as Richardson-Lucy deblurring [2] and maxi- Astrophotography is a widespread pastime in which mally sparse optimization [1]. DSLR cameras are used to take images of objects in space. Certain factors make this a very expen- sive hobby. -
JJC RM-E6L Remote Control
Thank you for purchasing the ProMaster® Multi-Function Infrared Timer Remote. For the best performance, please read this instruction manual carefully before using. Parts Identification 1. Control Panel 2. Shutter Release Button 3. Background Light / Lock Button 4. Arrow Button 5. Indicator Light 6. Timer Start/Stop Button 7. SET Button 8. Infrared Signal Output 9. Wired Remote Cord Socket 10. Power Button 11. Selection cursor 12. Timer display 13. LOCK indicator 14. Low power indicator 15. Timer active indicator 16. Speaker ON/OFF 17. SET indicator 18. Release indicator 19. Number of shots 20. Multi-Exposure indicator 21. Infrared Signal indicator Included in the package The following items included in the package: 1. IR Timer Remote Control 2. Instruction Manual 3. 2 pcs. - AAA 1.5V Battery Installing and replacing the batteries Using the remote in the wireless infrared mode Setting the infrared channel 1. Use the arrow button to select the correct infrared signal for your camera. 2. Press the left or right button to move the selection cursor until it disappears. 3. Press the SET button to go into the infrared signal section. When the infrared signal number is flashing, press the up or down button to edit. 4. Press the SET button at any time to complete the operation and display the new setting for the selected item. OFF Quick Response Remote for CANON Delayed Remote for CANON Quick Response Remote for Quick Response Remote for Quick Response Remote for SAMSUNG PENTAX OLYMPUS Quick Response Remote for NIKON Quick Response Remote for SONY Delayed Remote for SONY Video stop/start for SONY NOTE: In the autofocus mode, most cameras will not take a picture until they have achieved focus lock. -
Live Streaming with Your Nikon Camera
Live Streaming with your Nikon Camera PUBLISHED - 11 JUN 2020 Ultimate Guide to Live Streaming with your Nikon Camera If you want to achieve outstanding image quality when live streaming during a video conference call, follow the steps outlined below to achieve a more professional look to your video image quality and audio. Let’s take a look at the equipment required: Nikon DSLR or Z series camera with Clean HDMI output Nikkor Lens Tripod Capture Card or Device Live Streaming Software Lighting Microphone Computer Optional: EH-5B & EH-5P Power Adaptor and dummy battery Achieving a professional quality broadcast look is not as difficult as you think, and there are many different ways to configure and setup the components to enable you to ‘Go Live’. I will take you through the setup I have in place that meets my requirements, but they are 1 of 11 alternative ways to do this depending on the quality and complexity of the streaming solution you require. Camera Setup Lens Choice The lens you use will be determined by the space you have available and the look you want in your stream. A zoom lens such as a 24-70mm f/2.8 or f/4 will give you flexibility with your composition and framing. You could also consider a 35mm or 50mm f1.8 prime lens, which will both give a really good look to your stream, but are less flexible when it comes to framing your shot. A f/1.8 lens is a good choice if you want to hide a distracting background by setting your aperture to f/1.8. -
Nikon D5500/D5600 Quick Guide Close the Pop-Up Flash And/Or Toggle the Settings to Disable the Flash
Nikon D5500/D5600 Quick Guide close the pop-up flash and/or toggle the settings to disable the flash. Tips for everyone To instantaneously exit all menus, press the shutter button To turn the camera on and off, turn the power switch that halfway down. You can either take a photo by pressing it surrounds the shutter button. further, or not take a photo by letting the button go. The screen is on a double hinge. Pull it out using the To shoot movies, switch to Live View and press the “red groove next to the “i” button. Protect the screen by dot” record button (near the shutter button). flipping it closed when you’re not using it. The zoom buttons next to the delete button are only to The camera’s screen is a touchscreen. You can use the zoom into the preview, or pictures you already took. They physical buttons on the camera if you prefer; most will not zoom the lens for when you are taking pictures. functions work either way. For help, tap the Question mark To change screen brightness, press Menu, tap the Wrench, icon on the bottom left corner of the screen. and tap the Monitor brightness option. ‘0’ is the default Are the screen and viewfinder black? You probably left the (which should be good enough for almost everything) but it lens cap on. Pinch the two parts of the cap together to can go from -5 to +5. release the cap. To put the cap back on, pinch the parts To save space on the memory card without losing too and put it back on the lens, then let go. -
D810A Sell-In Presentation V1.2 Final BV.Key
I AM NEW I AM INTERSTELLAR I AM THE . D810A IN A NUTSHELL Engineered exclusively for astrophotography, the D810A captures magnificent 36.3-megapixel images of nebulae that emit on the hydrogen- alpha wavelength. • Specialized functions answer the challenges of astrophotography. And the camera’s ultra-high ISO and exceptional resolving power ensure brilliant detail. ❑ 36.3 Megapixel CMOS ❑ New M* exposure mode ❑ New virtual exposure preview ❑ Special hydrogen-alpha line sensitivity ❑ Electronic front curtain shutter ❑ ISO 200 – 12,800 (up to 51,200 expanded) ❑ New, adapted i-mode for live view shooting ❑ Unlimited buffer with 4s or longer exposure ❑ Extensive remote options D810A: ASTRO IMAGING KEY FEATURES D810 Via reassessment of the infrared (IR) cut filter, it has become possible to reproduce nebulae that emit in red with an H-alpha spectral line. D810A Visible light spectrum D810A: ASTRO IMAGING KEY FEATURES The D810’s proven mirror balancer and shutter unit in combination with the electronic front- curtain shutter ensure maximum reduction of mechanical vibration – thus maximizing richness of image detail Electronic front- curtain shutter: Enabled Electronic front- curtain shutter: Disabled Images are taken with D810. Optical system: 20cm Newtonian Reflector Telescope and Takahashi MT-200 Collector, at 1600mm, f/8. Equatorial telescope: Auto guide with Takahashi NJP PYXIS, Shutter speed: 1/100 s, ISO sensitivity: ISO 125 D810A: ASTRO IMAGING KEY FEATURES New M* - mode: A new and unique manual exposure mode for long time exposures in astro photography has been added, M*. This mode is additional to standard M, Bulb and Standard daytime monitor display Time exposure.