TRANSBOUNDARY INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR BUNA/BOJANA

D. Faloutsos, GWP-Med Hydrometeorological Stations used

PRESSURES STATESTATE 19. Landscape quality of the area is 1. Unsustainable territorial/spatial 1.degradedSignificant. areas degraded with development including: 20. Thereunplanned is degradation (in particular (fragmentation) in ), a. Insufficiently regulated urban ofinformal coastal (illegal),habitats, low primarily aesthetic the and development dunesconstruction at Velika qualitiesPlaža and development. on the b. Over-allocation of land for 2.RrjolliDispersedpart. urbanisation, over arable building in 21. Smallerand land wetlands with high zones nature (in values.Albania) c. Lack of territorial plans in 3.are7.5 shrinking.% of land within 1 km of the Albania 22. Therecoastline is loss of ofthe rare speciescoastal in thezone and 13% of the Albanian coastaline 2. Unsustainable solid waste halophyte vegetation belt. zone is built management 23. Fish migration in Bojana / Buna river 4. 11,6% of the coastline frontage is 3. Unsustainable wastewater is impeded. urbanized in Montenegro and 15% management 24. There is decrease of fish catch in past in Albania 4. Unsustainable agricultural practices 25 years at the level of 20-80% 5.dependingCommunal on infrastructures the species (according are 5. Stockbreeding toinsufficient Albanian fisheries association). PRESSURES STATE 14.7. TheThe regime quality of of coastal Bojana dynamics/Buna River has in 1. Unsustainable territorial/spatial altered.terms of ammonium and BOD5 development including: 8. Thereconcentrations is also erosion deteriorates of the land from its a. Insufficiently regulated urban adjacentsources toto itsthe mouth. river. development 9.15.TheThere natural are elevated water flow mercury regime of the b. Over-allocation of land for Bojanaconcentrations/Buna has in been Lake disturbed. Shasko in building in Montenegro 10.TheMontenegro. natural sediment Mercury flow concentration regime is above limits also in Viluni lagoon c. Lack of territorial plans in Albania had been disturbed. in Albania. 2. Unsustainable solid waste 11.Eutrophication is present in 16. The ecological quality -in accordance management transitional and coastal waters. to the WFD- of the coastal zone 12.Bojana/Buna river chemical status - 3. Unsustainable wastewater waters is classified as “poor”. management in accordance to the WFD- is 4. Unsustainable agricultural practices assessed as “lower than good”. 5. Stockbreeding 13.Indication of heavy metal pollution.

Distribution of total N per municipality / commune of Buna / Bojana watershed Distribution of total P per municipality / commune of Buna / Bojana watershed

WBs Stations Physicochemi Potential Chemical – Biological Ecological Chemical Overall Water Body cal Specific Physicochemi status Pollutants cal Status1 status status status Quality status Poor Moderate Poor Moderate Poor Poor Poor Poor Bachalleck Skadar/S Moderate Poor Moderate hkoder Buna Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor outflow Bridge Moderate Poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Poor Dajc Moderate Poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Poor Buna/Boj Franskanjel 1 Poor ana Moderate Bojana Poor GH Poor Poor Poor Poor Bridge GH Moderate Bojana Left Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Branch GH Moderate Shasko 2 Moderate Moderate 2 ≤ Moderate 3 ≤ Moderate ≤ Moderate Lake Shasko Lake GH 2 ≤ Moderate 3 Moderate Viluni 3 Bad Bad ≤ Moderate ≤ Moderate lagoon Viluni lagoon 4 Wetlands 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ≤ Moderate5 2 Bad4 ≤ Moderate Costal Bad4 2 2 2 ≤ Moderate5 2 ≤ Moderate 5 marine ≤ Moderate zone Bojana Bad4 2 2 2 ≤ Moderate5 2 ≤ Moderate

Port Milena

PRESSURES STATE 7. The regime of coastal dynamics has 6. Water flow regime in the Drin altered. 7. Over-extraction of groundwater resources 8. There is also erosion of the land adjacent 8. High sediment input to the river. 9. Bad maintenance of the flood/drainage 9. The natural water flow regime of the infrastructure Bojana/Buna has been disturbed. 10.Unsustainable forests management 10.The natural sediment flow regime had 11.Unsustainable fisheries management been disturbed. 12.Unsustainable legal as well as illegal 11.Eutrophication is present in transitional hunting and coastal waters. 12.Bojana/Buna river chemical status -in accordance to the WFD- is assessed as “lower than good”. 13.Indication of heavy metal pollution. PRESSURES STATE 6. Water flow regime in the Drin 14. The quality of Bojana/Buna River in terms of ammonium and BOD5 7. Possibly over-extraction of concentrations deteriorates from its groundwater resources sources to its mouth. 8. High sediment input 15. There are elevated mercury 9. Bad maintenance of the concentrations in Lake Shasko in flood/drainage infrastructure Montenegro. Mercury concentration 10.Unsustainable forests management is above limits also in Viluni lagoon in 11.Unsustainable fisheries management Albania. 12.Unsustainable legal as well as illegal 16. The ecological quality -in accordance hunting to the WFD- of the coastal zone waters is classified as “poor”. 17. There is possible decrease in groundwater levels and deterioration of its quality. 18. There are indications of saltwater intrusion

PRESSURES STATE 6. Water flow regime in the Drin 19. Landscape quality of the area is degraded. 7. Over-extraction of groundwater resources 20. There is degradation (fragmentation) of coastal habitats, primarily the 8. High sediment input dunes at Velika Plaža and on the 9. Bad maintenance of the Rrjolli part. flood/drainage infrastructure 21. Smaller wetlands zones (in Albania) 10.Unsustainable forests management are shrinking. 11.Unsustainable fisheries management 22. There is loss of rare species in the 12.Unsustainable legal as well as illegal halophyte vegetation belt. hunting 23. Fish migration in Bojana / Buna river is impeded. 24. There is decrease of fish catch in past 25 years at the level of 20-80% depending on the species (according to Albanian fisheries association). PRESSURES STATE 6. Water flow regime in the Drin 25. There are increased flood risks. 7. Over-extraction of groundwater resources 8. High sediment input 9. Bad maintenance of the flood/drainage infrastructure 10.Unsustainable forests management 11.Unsustainable fisheries management 12.Unsustainable legal as well as illegal hunting KOMANI DAM KOMANI POWER HOUSE

IMPACTS IMPACTS

1. General degradation of the 4. The natural capital and resources of landscape due to unplanned, the area have been deteriorated. dispersed and rapid 1. Ecosystems degrade in the delta as development. well as in the wetland zones resulting 2. Absence of essential among others in the deterioration of the ecosystem services. infrastructure services. 2. Significant biodiversity loss – 3. 1. Visual pollution and concentrated in the coastal area; considerable pollution risks. considerable number of the 2. Pollution of both the waterfowl species in the land/feshwater and marine Bojana/Buna Delta for example, are environments. threatened and included in the lists of endangered species at local, 3. There is reduced sanitary regional and international level. bathing quality at some areas. 3. The number of fish species in the river has declined. IMPACTS IMPACTS 7. Deterioration of the natural resources and the disturbance of 5. There are indications of the natural processes have declining groundwater levels introduced high uncertainty in and seawater intrusion in the local economic development planning: aquifers. 1. disturbed coastline dynamics 6. The economy is affected and so that lead to erosion of parts of the are the developmental coastal area and jeopardize potentials. infrastructure as well as tourism related investments. 1. There are commercial species 2. Intense urbanization often that are no longer harvested. spreads over arable land leading to 2. The loss of attractive natural its overall reduction.. areas threatens the potential 8. Increased flooding risks due to anthropogenic pressures and the for high-value tourism increased potential for extreme development. events due to climate change threaten infrastructure, property and human safety. DRIVERS

• EU Accession • Policy and legal framework • Weak institutional and technical capacity • Economic weaknes; market transition • Structural issues in agriculture • Coastal attractiveness • Climate variability and change • Demographic changes • Developmental planning & prioritisation • Upstream drivers • Out-dated or inadequate infrastructure • Lack of awareness • Transboundary nature of the area Thank you for your attention