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Elections in the Western Balkans: Fragile Progress in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia
Elections in the Western Balkans: Fragile Progress in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia Graduate Policy Workshop January 2017 Authors Edward Atkinson, Nicholas Collins, Aparna Krishnamurthy, Mae Lindsey, Yanchuan Liu, David Logan, Ken Sofer, Aditya Sriraman, Francisco Varela Sandoval Advisor Jeff Fischer CONTENTS About the WWS Graduate Policy Workshop ........................................................................................iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Albania ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Background and Context .................................................................................................................. 2 Description of Electoral and Political Processes and Institutions ................................................... 3 Electoral and Political Issues ............................................................................................................ 4 Electoral Process Vulnerabilities .......................................................................................................................... 4 Political Process Vulnerabilities ........................................................................................................................... -
Of Time, Honor, and Memory: Oral Law in Albania
Oral Tradition, 23/1 (2008): 3-14 Of Time, Honor, and Memory: Oral Law in Albania Fatos Tarifa This essay provides a historical account of the role of oral tradition in passing on from generation to generation an ancient code of customary law that has shaped and dominated the lives of northern Albanians until well into the mid-twentieth century. This traditional body of customary law is known as the Kode of Lekë Dukagjini. It represents a series of norms, mores, and injunctions that were passed down by word of mouth for generations and reputedly originally formulated by Lekë Dukagjini, an Albanian prince and companion-in-arms to Albania’s national hero, George Kastriot Skanderbeg (1405-68). Lekë Dukagjini ruled the territories of Pulati, Puka, Mirdita, Lura, and Luma in northern Albania—known today as the region of Dukagjini—until the Ottoman armies seized Albania’s northernmost city of Shkodër in 1479. Throughout the past five to six centuries this corpus of customary law has been referred to as Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit, Kanuni i Malsisë (the Code of the Highlands), or Kanuni i maleve (the Code of the Mountains). The “Code” is an inexact term, since Kanun, deriving from the Greek kanon, simultaneously signifies “norm,” “rule,” and “measure.” The Kanun, but most particularly the norm of vengeance, or blood taking, as its standard punitive apparatus, continue to this day to be a subject of historical, sociological, anthropological, and juridical interest involving various theoretical frames of reference from the dominant trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to today. The Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini was not the only customary law in Albania. -
Anel NOVO 18.06.08 Sadrzaj:Layout 1.Qxd
Dr. Mustafa Memić GUSINJSKO-PLAVSKA KRAJINA U VRTLOGU HISTORIJE Sarajevo, 2008. IZDAVAČ: Institut za istraživanje zločina protiv čovječnosti i međunarodnog prava Univerziteta u Sarajevu ZA IZDAVAČA: prof. dr. Smail Čekić UREDNICI: dr. Safet Bandžović prof. mr. Muharem Kreso RECENZENTI: akademik Muhamed Filipović mr. Sefer Halilović LEKTOR: Sadžida Džuvić KORICE: Dževdet Nikočević DTP: Anel Ćuhara ŠTAMPARIJA: AMOS GRAF d.o.o. TIRAŽ: 500 PREDGOVOR Ovom knjigom želim objasniti neke od burnih događaja u mom rodnom kraju koji su bitno utjecali na formiranje nacionalne svijesti mojih sunarodnika i na njihov ekonomski i društveno-politički položaj poslije Drugog svjetskog rata. U narodu moga kraja duboko su urezana dva događaja. Jedan je osvajanje Gusinjsko-plavskog kraja od crnogorske vojske 1912, a drugi se odnosi na razdoblje od 1919. do 1945. Njima se objašnjava dolazak jednog puka srpske vojske, koji je poslije proboja Solunskog fronta nastupao vardarskom dolinom i od Skoplja i Kosovske Mitrovice uputio se prema Crnoj Gori. Pritom se prema Podgorici kretao preko Gusinjsko-plavske krajine, nakon čega je došlo do pobune Bošnjaka i Albanaca, te pokušaja uspostavljanja nove vlasti, a zatim do formiranja dviju vasojevićkih brigada - Donja i Gornja vasojevićka - koje su se kao paravojne jedinice pridružile srpskoj vojsci i djelovale pod rukovodstvom centralne Crnogorske uprave u Podgorici. Tom su prilikom u Plavu i Gusinju formirane i dvije vojne jedinice - dva bataljona - najprije kao komitske jedinice, koje su u početku djelovale u sastavu komitskog pokreta u Crnoj Gori. Strahovalo se da se uspostavljanjem njihove vlasti ne nametnu policijske vlasti, koje su tokom 1912-1913. počinile teške zločine (masovno strijeljanje – prema nekim podacima ubijeno je preko 8.000 Bošnjaka i Albanaca, a došlo je i do nasilnog pokrštavanja oko 12.500 ljudi). -
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
Late Spring Characterization of Different Coastal Areas of the Adriatic Sea
ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER AADRAY 56(1): 27 - 46, 2015 Late spring characterization of different coastal areas of the Adriatic Sea Mauro MARINI1*, Alessandra CAMPANELLI1, Mitat SANXHAKU2, Zoran KLJAJIĆ3, Mattia BETTI1 and Federica GRILLI1 1 Institute of Marine Science-CNR, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, Ancona, Italy 2 Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment, Tirana, Albania 3Institute of Marine Biology Kotor, Montenegro *Corresponding author, e -mail: [email protected]. The objective of this study is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of three coastal zones of the Adriatic Sea during late spring, and to identify similarities and differences among the zones. The trophic status of the Southeastern Adriatic-Sea, dominated by the discharge from the Buna/Bojana river delta watersheds, is compared with two other Adriatic regions: the Northwestern Adriatic Sea and the Southwestern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Manfredonia); the first is dominated by the Po River freshwater discharge and the second is one of the most productive areas of the Southwestern Adriatic. The areas are influenced by two main Adriatic surface currents: the Eastern Adriatic Current (EAC) that flows north-westward, and the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) that flows south-eastward. The measurements of temperature, salinity, fluorescence, oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the three areas were collected and compared. The areas showed similar physical and bio-chemical characteristics, despite the Northern Adriatic is impacted by the Po River runoff and the WAC carries out along the Western Adriatic water rich of nutrients from the northern Italian rivers. The area affected by the Po River discharge showed maximum chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations within the river plume. -
Albanian Catholic Bulletin Buletini Katholik Shqiptar
ISSN 0272 -7250 ALBANIAN CATHOLIC BULLETIN PUBLISHED PERIODICALLY BY THE ALBANIAN CATHOLIC INFORMATION CENTER Vol.3, No. 1&2 P.O. BOX 1217, SANTA CLARA, CA 95053, U.S.A. 1982 BULETINI d^M. jpu. &CU& #*- <gP KATHOLIK Mother Teresa's message to all Albanians SHQIPTAR San Francisco, June 4, 1982 ALBANIAN CATHOLIC PUBLISHING COUNCIL: ZEF V. NEKAJ, JAK GARDIN, S.J., PJETER PAL VANI, NDOC KELMENDI, S.J., BAR BULLETIN BARA KAY (Assoc. Editor), PALOK PLAKU, RAYMOND FROST (Assoc. Editor), GJON SINISHTA (Editor), JULIO FERNANDEZ Volume III No.l&2 1982 (Secretary), and LEO GABRIEL NEAL, O.F.M., CONV. (President). In the past our Bulletin (and other material of information, in cluding the book "The Fulfilled Promise" about religious perse This issue has been prepared with the help of: STELLA PILGRIM, TENNANT C. cution in Albania) has been sent free to a considerable number WRIGHT, S.J., DAVE PREVITALE, JAMES of people, institutions and organizations in the U.S. and abroad. TORRENS, S.J., Sr. HENRY JOSEPH and Not affiliated with any Church or other religious or political or DANIEL GERMANN, S.J. ganization, we depend entirely on your donations and gifts. Please help us to continue this apostolate on behalf of the op pressed Albanians. STRANGERS ARE FRIENDS News, articles and photos of general interest, 100-1200 words WE HAVEN'T MET of length, on religious, cultural, historical and political topics about Albania and its people, may be submitted for considera tion. No payments are made for the published material. God knows Please enclose self-addressed envelope for return. -
Drin River Basin the Blue Heart of the Balkans
DDrriinn RRiivveerr BBaassiinn TThhee bblluuee hheeaarrtt ooff tthhee BBaallkkaannss 1 Drin River Basin: the bleu heart of the Balkans The Mediterranean Information Office for © MIO‐ECSDE 2012 Kyrristou 12, 10556 Athens, Greece Environment, Culture and Sustainable Tel: +30210‐3247490, ‐3247267, Fax: +30210 3317127 Development (MIO‐ECSDE) is a non‐profit e‐mail: info@mio‐ecsde.org Federation of 126 Mediterranean NGOs for Environment and Development. MIO‐ECSDE This publication has been produced within the acts as a technical and political platform for framework of the DG Environment programme for the presentation of views and intervention operating grants to European environmental NGOs. of NGOs in the Mediterranean scene and plays an active role for the protection of the Written/prepared by: environment and the promotion of the Thomais Vlachogianni, Milan Vogrin sustainable development of the Text editing: Mediterranean region and its countries. Anastasia Roniotes, MIO‐ECSDE Head Officer Website: www.mio‐ecsde.org This publication is available on line at www.mio‐ ecsde.org Contents Drin River Basin: the blue heart of the Balkans ...................................................................................... 3 The Drin River: the ‘connecting body’ of a water system that forms an eco‐region of global significance .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Drin River Basin: an exceptional wealth of habitats and species ........................................................... -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report 1.a: 47748-A .J PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTIONAND DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized PARTIAL RISK GUARANTEE IN THE AMOUNT OF EURO 60 MILLION (USD 78 MILLION EQUIVALENT) FOR THE PRIVATIZATION OF THE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATOR OPERATOR1 I SISTEMIT TE SHPERNDARJES SHA (OSSH) Public Disclosure Authorized IN ALBANIA April 14,2009 Sustainable Development Department South East Europe Country Management Unit Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective February 2009) CurrencyUnit = Lek Lek 102 = US$1 US$1.3 = €1 CZK1 = US$0.04 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMM Albanian Market Model APL Adaptable Program Loan CAS Country Assistance Strategy COOP1 Cooperazione Internazionale - Italian Bilateral Aid Agency DSO Distribution System Operator EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Commission ECSEE Energy Community of South East Europe EIB European Investment Bank EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan ERE Electricity Regulatory Entity ETSO European Transmission System Operators EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GOA Government of Albania IAS International -
The Study for the Master Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry of Albania Final Report
MINISTRY OF ECONOMY, TRADE AND ENERGY (METE) REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA THE STUDY FOR THE MASTER PLAN FOR PROMOTING THE MINING INDUSTRY OF ALBANIA FINAL REPORT November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY MITSUBISHI MATERIALS TECHNO CORPORATION KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. IDD JR 10-151 PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of the Republic of Albania, the Government of Japan decided to conduct “The study for the Master Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry in Albania” and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched a study team, headed by Mr. Yoshiaki Shibata of Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation, consisting of experts from Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation and Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd., for six times between a period from May 2009 to November 2010. The study team held discussion with the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Albania and conducted field study in Albania. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted further studies and the final report was completed. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of mining development of the Republic of Albania and also to the enhancement of friendly relationship between two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Albania for their close cooperation extended to the study. Ms. Kyoko Kuwajima Director General Industrial Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency November 2010 November 2010 Ms. Kyoko Kuwajima Director General Industrial Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit herewith the final report of “The Study of the Mater Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry of Albania”. -
Environmental, Socioeconomic and Cultural Heritage Baseline Page 2 of 382 Area Comp
ESIA Albania Section 6 – Environmental, Socioeconomic and Cultural Heritage Baseline Page 2 of 382 Area Comp. System Disc. Doc.- Ser. Code Code Code Code Type No. Project Title: Trans Adriatic Pipeline – TAP AAL00-ERM-641-Y-TAE-1008 ESIA Albania Section 6 - Environmental, Document Title: Rev.: 03 Socioeconomic and Cultural Heritage Baseline TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE BASELINE 11 6.1 Introduction 11 6.2 Offshore Biological and Physical Environment 11 6.2.1 Introduction 11 6.2.2 Geographical Scope of the Baseline 13 6.2.3 Methodology and Sources of Information 13 6.2.3.1 Video Methodology 13 6.2.3.2 Environmental Survey Methodology 13 6.2.4 Legislation 15 6.2.4.1 Designated Sites 15 6.2.4.2 Sensitive and Protected Habitats / Biocenoses 16 6.2.5 Regional Overview 16 6.2.5.1 Introduction 16 6.2.5.2 Physical Environment 16 6.2.5.3 Biological Baseline 33 6.2.6 Albanian Nearshore Study Area 56 6.2.6.1 Physical Baseline 56 6.2.6.2 Biological Baseline 69 6.3 Offshore Socioeconomic Environment 73 6.3.1 Introduction 73 6.3.2 Harbours 75 6.3.2.1 Durrës Harbour 75 6.3.2.2 Vlorë Port 76 6.3.3 Marine Traffic 76 6.3.3.1 Ferry Traffic 79 6.3.4 Fishing 80 6.3.4.1 National Overview 80 6.3.5 Cultural Heritage 87 6.3.6 Marine Ammunition / Unexploded Ordnances (UXO) 88 6.4 Onshore Physical Environment 89 6.4.1 Climate and Ambient Air Quality 89 6.4.1.1 Overview 89 6.4.1.2 Climate 89 6.4.1.3 Wind 99 6.4.1.4 Ambient Air Quality 103 6.4.1.5 Key Findings and Conclusions 107 6.4.1.6 Limitations 108 6.4.2 Acoustic Environment 108 6.4.2.1 Acoustic Environment along the Pipeline Route 108 6.4.2.2 Acoustic Environment at CS03 112 6.4.2.3 Acoustic Environment at CS02 116 6.4.2.4 Limitations 120 6.4.3 Surface Water 120 6.4.3.1 Introduction 120 6.4.3.2 River Hydro-Morphology 121 6.4.3.3 Water Quality 127 6.4.3.4 Sediment Quality 137 6.4.3.5 Key Findings and Conclusions 141 Page 3 of 382 Area Comp. -
The Strategic Action Plan (Sap) for Skadar/Shkodra Lake Albania & Montenegro
Ministry of Tourism and Environment of Montenegro (MoTE) Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration of Albania (MEFWA) LAKE SKADAR/SHKODRA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROJECT THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN (SAP) FOR SKADAR/SHKODRA LAKE ALBANIA & MONTENEGRO Prepared by: Association for Protection of Aquatic Wildlife of Albania (APAWA) Center for Ecotoxicological Research of Montenegro (CETI) In cooperation with: SNV Montenegro ______ Global Environment Facility (GEF) World Bank (WB) April 2007 SAP for Skadar/Shkodra Lake – Albania & Montenegro 2007 Working group for the preparation of SAP: Albania Montenegro Sajmir Beqiraj (APAWA) Ana Mišurović (CETI) Genti Kromidha (APAWA) Danjiela Šuković (CETI) Luan Dervishej (APAWA) Andrej Perović (University of Montenegro) Dritan Dhora (APAWA) Zoran Mrdak (National Park of Skadar Lake) Agim Shimaj (LSIEMP) Prof Aleksandar Ćorović (University of Montenegro) Zamir Dedej (MEFWA) Viktor Subotić (MoTE) Experts of SNV Montenegro Jan Vloet Martin Schneider–Jacoby Alexander Mihaylov Zvonko Brnjas 2 SAP for Skadar/Shkodra Lake – Albania & Montenegro 2007 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ALB Albania APAWA Association for Protection of the Aquatic Wildlife of Albania BSAP Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan CETI Center for Ecotoxicological Research of Montenegro COOPI Cooperazione Internazionale COSPE Cooperation for the Development of Emergent Countries CSDC Civil Society Development Centre CTR Council of Territorial Regulation EU European Union FMO Fishing Management Organization GEF Global Environment -
Behind Stone Walls
BEHIND STONE WALLS CHANGING HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AMONG THE ALBANIANS OF KOSOVA by Berit Backer Edited by Robert Elsie and Antonia Young, with an introduction and photographs by Ann Christine Eek Dukagjini Balkan Books, Peja 2003 1 This book is dedicated to Hajria, Miradia, Mirusha and Rabia – girls who shocked the village by going to school. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Berita - the Norwegian Friend of the Albanians, by Ann Christine Eek BEHIND STONE WALLS Acknowledgement 1. INTRODUCTION Family and household Family – types, stages, forms Demographic processes in Isniq Fieldwork Data collection 2. ISNIQ: A VILLAGE AND ITS FAMILIES Once upon a time Going to Isniq Kosova First impressions Education Sources of income and professions Traditional adaptation The household: distribution in space Household organization Household structure Positions in the household The household as an economic unit 3. CONJECTURING ABOUT AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PAST Ashtu është ligji – such are the rules The so-called Albanian tribal society The fis The bajrak Economic conditions Land, labour and surplus in Isniq The political economy of the patriarchal family or the patriarchal mode of reproduction 3 4. RELATIONS OF BLOOD, MILK AND PARTY MEMBERSHIP The traditional social structure: blood The branch of milk – the female negative of male positive structure Crossing family boundaries – male and female interaction Dajet - mother’s brother in Kosova The formal political organization Pleqësia again Division of power between partia and pleqësia The patriarchal triangle 5. A LOAF ONCE BROKEN CANNOT BE PUT TOGETHER The process of the split Reactions to division in the family Love and marriage The phenomenon of Sworn Virgins and the future of sex roles Glossary of Albanian terms used in this book Bibliography Photos by Ann Christine Eek 4 PREFACE ‘Behind Stone Walls’ is a sociological, or more specifically, a social anthropological study of traditional Albanian society.