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Taxonomic Revision of Staurogyne (Nelsonioideae, Acanthaceae) in the Neotropics

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Taxonomic Revision of Staurogyne (Nelsonioideae, Acanthaceae) in the Neotropics Phytotaxa 296 (1): 001–040 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.1.1 Taxonomic Revision of Staurogyne (Nelsonioideae, Acanthaceae) in the Neotropics DENISE MONTE BRAZ1* & REINALDO MONTEIRO2 1Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, Caixa Postal 74541, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Resumo ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Material and Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Taxonomic Treatment—Staurogyne ............................................................................................................................ 3 Key to the species of Neotropical Staurogyne ............................................................................................................. 5 1. S. alba ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. S. anigozanthus ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. S. brachiata ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 4. S. diantheroides ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 5. S. elegans .................................................................................................................................................................. 12 6. S. ericoides ................................................................................................................................................................ 13 7. S. euryphylla ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 8. S. eusthachya ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 9. S. fastigiata ............................................................................................................................................................... 17 10. S. flava ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 11. S guianensis ............................................................................................................................................................. 18 12. S. hirsuta ................................................................................................................................................................. 19 13. S. itatiaiae ............................................................................................................................................................... 20 14. S.lepidagathoides .................................................................................................................................................... 22 15. S. mandioccana ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 16. S. minarum .............................................................................................................................................................. 24 17. S. miqueliana ........................................................................................................................................................... 25 18. S. parva ................................................................................................................................................................... 27 19. S. repens .................................................................................................................................................................. 27 20. S. riedeliana ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 21. S. rubescens ............................................................................................................................................................. 30 22. S. spraguei............................................................................................................................................................... 30 23. S. stolonifera ........................................................................................................................................................... 32 24. S. sylvatica .............................................................................................................................................................. 33 25. S. trinitensis............................................................................................................................................................. 34 26. S. vauthieriana ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 27. S. veronicifolia ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 28. S. warmingiana ....................................................................................................................................................... 37 Excluded Species ......................................................................................................................................................... 38 Acknowledments ......................................................................................................................................................... 38 Literature Cited........................................................................................................................................................... 38 Accepted by Yunfei Deng: 9 Jan. 2017; published: 14 Feb. 2017 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Abstract Twenty-eight species of Staurogyne are recognized from the Neotropics, where the genus is distributed from Mexico to southern Brazil. The study of herbarium specimens, especially from Brazil and other South American countries, including historical collections from many European herbaria, resulted in the recognition of numerous new geographical records. Morphological characters of diagnostic importance are discussed for the genus and species, for which aspects of the inflo- rescence, corolla, gynoecium and indument are important for identification. In Neotropical Staurogyne, the corolla may have two basic forms: 1) short, infundibular, and white (often with markings on the limb and throat), and 2) long, tubular, and yellow or red. Species with the latter form of the corolla are restricted to southeastern Brazil. Eight synonymizations and one lectotyfication are proposed, while a key to species, descriptions, illustrations and comments on taxonomy, phenology and geographical distribution are provided. Keywords: Brazilian flora, description, morphology, synonymization, lectotypification Resumo Vinte e oito espécies de Staurogyne são reconhecidas para a região neotropical, onde o gênero se distribuí desde o México até o sul do Brasil. O estudo de espécimes de herbário, especialmente do Brasil e de outros países sul-americanos, incluindo coleções históricas de muitos herbários europeus, resultou no reconhecimento de inúmeros novos registros geográficos. Caracteres morfológicos de importância diagnóstica são discutidos para o gênero e para as espécies, para os quais os aspec- tos da inflorescência, corola, gineceu e indumento são importantes para a identificação. Nas espécies neotropicais, a corola pode apresentar duas formas básicas: 1) uma curta, infundibuliforme e branca (frequentemente com máculas no limbo e na garganta), e 2) longa, tubular e amarela ou vermelha. Espécies com a última forma da corola são restritas a região sudeste do Brasil. Oito sinonimizações e uma lectotipificação são propostas e são apresentadas chave para as espécies, descrições,
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