# 7 T he nine shades of WHS due diligence ENGINEERS A USTRALIA A Australia's longest bridge opens inc.GST $7.05 2013
April ewe B [FE 4, No 85 Vol
- = E A NEWCASINEE ( t 2 [ &) TERMINALS, C HEMICALS, BULK MATERIALS
}} P ENTAIR
x I
« S outhern Cross ® \ " 3', f 39 I 161% *
Au: * | **
Designed a nd made in Australia, Southern Cross Engineered Modular Tanks are manufactured to comply with all relevant ps Australian and International Standards. Constructed of high +3 quality galvanised steel and available in sizes ranging from 9 to " 25,000 kilolitres, lined or unlined tanks can be designed to meet the requirements of the most demanding applications and installation environments. p
Southern C ross Tanks are completely prefabricated for easy 7 transportation, storage and installation. The simple bolt together ff design doesn't require any on-site welding or cutting and can be nace erected using our top-down construction technique which utilises x hydraulic jacks to remove the need to work at heights. f a
Pentair S outhern Cross also offers comprehensive inspection and
maintenance contracts to ensure the integrity and safety of 1) critical water infrastructure with minimal interruption to supply. I
FOR F URTHER INFORMATION CALL PENTAIR SOUTHERN CROSS 1800 779 716 }}
3
I|
§
(I 1, IIII||‘I‘I‘}I!flIIHlli¥ ba
2, h
FROMHE T PRESIDENT a
ENGINEERS A USTRALIA
100 c hange-making days
wille b marking my first 100 days as national president I with the performance of my son Zubin as a soloist with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra on 11 April - his first concert with a major orchestra in Australia and a Marlene K anga proud moment for any parent. In this busy period, I have [email protected] been careful to be strategic in my choice of activities so my year is not just a lap of honour, as suggested by one member, but one that results in transformational change for our organisation and for our benefit as members. After 100 days spent on 113 pages of regulations, ‘‘e W are nurturing trees to 12 meetings with related engineering institutions, six presentations to division committees as part of a change shade a new generation management program, four visits to international chapters, two Council meetings, two signings of mutual of members. recognition agreements, one meeting each with various leadership groups - the chairs of our college boards and technical societies, the division presidents, the EA National Executive Team, the board of one of our subsidiaries and I w ill be visiting every division committee before the numerous meetings with members and our leaders, I Congress meeting in May, providing an opportunity to believe I have made a good start at building relationships consult and discuss the regulations and other changes in with some of our key stakeholders and have progressed progress. some of the changes needed to make Engineers Australia Planning for the Congress meeting is under way. more relevant to the profession and more effective in its Members will have the opportunity to view and comment performance. on the general regulations after May. The intent of this Key achievements are the strategic realignment of brief report in the column this month is to keep members the divisions with Council via the President's Forum informed of progress. and the strengthening of the learned society framework This month I am delighted that Chris Butler, head of with college boards and technical societies, both being AusIndustry, has written an article on the importance enshrined in the regulations. We have also progressed of innovation in engineering to Australia. Her article closer strategic alignment with our wholly owned describes the programs in place to support engineering subsidiaries in publishing and engineering education. innovations and the government's funding in this area. The consultation on the proposed general regulations Andrew Boutros, Young Professional Engineer of the is progressing well with leadership groups across Australia Year in 2006, has provided a thought-provoking article on being informed of the changes and provided with an what professionalism means and an argument against the opportunity to comment. Once passed, the regulations regulation of engineers. While not necessarily agreeing will be the foundation for contemporary governance for with his argument, there is merit in debating the issue. the benefit of our members. Relationships with related The engineering profession is in good shape when we engineering institutions will be maintained strategically to have lively discussion, especially by young engineers, on maximise member benefit, following a review. A mutual issues relating on our profession and which reflect on the recognition agreement was signed with the Institution of implications of our work, especially on society. Professional Engineers New Zealand, after a lapse of many During the year, I am turning the sod and planting years, facilitating the transition of engineers crossing the some seeds that I hope will grow into trees, shading a Tasman in both directions and assisting them to remain new generation of members. Nurturing these trees will chartered. We developed specific action plans with our require a shared vision on the part of all members and international chapters to effectively support our members office bearers, now and in the future, to ensure that with professional development and becoming chartered. transformational change is achieved. M Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 3
ENGINEERS A USTRALIA NATIONAL O FFICE 11 National Circuit, Barton, ACT 2600 0 phone 02 6270 6555 CONTENTS www.engineersaustralia.org.au Emifiiffis [email protected] 1 300 653 113 NATIONAL PRESIDENT : Dr Marlene Kanga, FIEAust CPEng NATIONAL DEPUTY PRESIDENT: Prof Alex Baitch, FIEAust CPEng NATIONAL IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: Adjunct Prof David Hood, FIEAust CPEng COVER S TORY COUNCILLORS: Carla Cher GradIEAust; Dr David Cruikshanks-Boyd, FIEAust EngExec; Madeleine McManus, FIEAust; Simon Orton, RPEQ MIEAust EngExec JP(Qual); Barry Tonkin, JP FIEAust CPEng; Greg Walters (National Vice President - Finance), FIEAust CPEng EngExec. CHIEF EXECUTIVE : Stephen Durkin, FIEAust COLLEGE CHAIRS : Prof Karen Reynolds, FIEAust FTSE (biomedical); Robert Engineering f ocus Barker, FIEAust, CPEng (civil); Georgie Wright, MIEAust (chemical); Alan Coote, CPEng (electrical); David Gamble, MIEAust, CPEng (environmental); Peter Hitchiner, FIEAust, CPEng (ITEE); Paula West, CPEng (mechanical); on Newcastle Richard Eckhaus, FIEAust, CPEng (structural). DIVISION O FFICES CANBERRA a T he nine shades of WHS due diligence 11 National Circuit, Barton, ACT 2600, phone 02 6270 6519 Australia's longest bridge opens NEWCASTLE ferment 122 Parry St, Newcastle West 2302, phone 02 4926 4440 NORTHERN australia G PO Box 417, Darwin 0801, phone 08 8981 4137 QUEENSLAND 4 47 Upper Edward St, Brisbane 4000, phone 07 3832 3749
SOUTH AUSTRALIA corrion Level 11, 108 King William St, Adelaide 5000, phone: 08 8202 7100 HEMICALS, B ULK MATERIALS civic SYDNEY Level 3, 8 Thomas Street, Chatswood 2067, phone 02 9410 5600 TASMANIA 2 Davey St, Hobart 7000, phone 03 6234 2228 VICTORIA 13-21 Bedford St, North Melbourne 3051, phone 03 9329 8188 WESTERN A USTRALIA 712 Murray St, West Perth 6005, phone 08 9321 3340 HONG KONG CHAPTER Paul Kwong, Hon Secretary phone 852 2828 5969, [email protected] MALAYSIA SOCIETY C K Liew, Hon Secretary, [email protected] SINGAPORE GROUP Peyi Pey Guo, Hon Secretary phone +65 9616 7862, [email protected] UK A SSOCIATION Cover d esign: Michelle Watts Peter Walsh, Hon Secretary, [email protected] Cover photo: Newcastle Coal Infrastructure Group's Coal Export Terminal on Kooragang Island. ENGINEERS M EDIA Engineers A ustraliamagazine, published by Engineers Media (registered name Engineers Australia Pty Limited, ACN 001311511), a wholly owned subsidiary of Engineers Australia, is a magazine reporting impartially the latest news of interest to engineers. The statements made or opinions expressed in the magazine do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institution. This m onth's cover story takes a look at a Engineers Media retains copyright for this publication. Written permission frange o projects under way in the Hunter is required for the reprinting of any of its content. BOARDF O DIRECTORS: E/Prof Elizabeth Taylor, AO FIEAust (chair); Gunilla region, i ncluding coal handling, chemical Burrowes, FIEAust; Stephen Durkin, FIEAust; David Lees, MIEAust CPEng; Bruce Roff, FIPA ACIS; Terence Jeyaretnam, FIEAust CPEng; Mai Yeung, engineering a nd bulk materials. FIEAust CPEng. HEAD O FFICE: 2 Ernest Place, Crows Nest, NSW 2065 (PO Box 588, Crows Nest 1585), phone 02 9438 1533 www.engineersmedia.com.au EDITORIAL EMAIL: [email protected] ADVERTISING EMAIL: [email protected] You) f lickr Linked. GENERAL MANAGER: Bruce Roff sFind u MANAGING EDITOR : Dr Tim Kannegieter elsewhere ENGINEERS EDITORIAL: Danny Cameron, Kirill Reztsov, Conrad Bem AUSTRALIA ACCOUNTANT: Tissa Mohotti twitter NATIONAL MARKETING MANAGER : Terry Marsden
ADVERTISING SALES: NSW/ACT: Dee Grant, [email protected] 0417 266 459 QId: Maree Fraser, [email protected] 07 5594 5455 Vie, Tas, SA, WA: David Sutcliffe, Average N et Distribution [email protected] 0497 211 122 CIRCULATIONS 2 3,515 Int]: Terry Marsden, [email protected] 61 2 9433 1533 AUDIT BOARD April to September 2012 | ADVERTISING CO-ORDINATOR: Esme Johnstone
PRODUCTION MANAGER: Chris Gerelli PRODUCTION: Stefan Novak, Michelle Watts Civil E dition Reader EA BOOKS: Dean Clarke s urveys by A Member of VOl 85 NO 4 N ielsen Media Research PublishersAustralia I SSN 1448-496% 4 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
THE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERS AUSTRALIA WP Follow @EngAusMag
IN T HIS ISSUE ...
HEFROM T PRESIDENT 3 100 days at the helm
FROMHE T CHIEF EXECUTIVE 6 International links
LETTERS 8
NEWS 12
PEOPLE 26
CONFERENCE PREVIEW 28 Australian Control Conference 2013
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 30 New laws come into effect
INNOVATION 32 Outlining government support
COVER STORY 34
WORKPLACE AND CAREERS 42
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER 44 An artist's impression of how Canberra may evolve in the - Remembering another Antarctic future under the City to the Lake project.
expedition - Arup celebrates anniversary - Responding to crisis ASSOCIATES 66 - Environmental insurance Value of EA membership - Workplace health and safety 67 - BIM Contracts HERITAGE Restoring a railway in regional WA YOUNG ENGINEERS 55 Argument against engineering registration KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 68 KM for small firms ROADS - Feature 58 OUTREACH 69 REGIONAL ENGINEERING 65 Record numbers for EngQuest Improving services for regional members MARGOT CAIRNES 70 Playing p olitics
TERENCE J EYARETNAM 71 Planetary boundaries
OBITUARY 7 2 - Peter Miller, liability and risk expert
CLASSIFIEDS 7 2
Australia's l ongest road bridge has been built as part of the Kempsey Bypass project in NSW. The structure crosses the Macleay River and nearby floodplains. Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 5
fl F ROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE @ ENGINEERS A USTRALIA
Increasing o ur international standing ne a rea that Engineers Australia is important t hat we retain a strong profile keen to continue to develop is our there without necessarily competing international standing. directly with local institutions with In recent years, Engineers Australia which we maintain good relationships, in has been mainly focused on servicing particular those based on collaboration our Australian membership base. While around international agreements. our priority will always be on our local The keys to success will firstly operations, given that the vast majority be to continue to build professional of our members reside in Australia, recognition, especially in Asian countries we also recognise that engineering is a where education and professional status truly international profession. EA has an are highly valued. important role to provide our members Secondly, we need to deliver better with international connectivity. value to our overseas members. Our International boundaries have become new operating model, with a dedicated less relevant as we come to terms with Member Delivery function, enables us to Stephen D urkin a more globalised workforce. This point be more consistent in the services that we [email protected] was recently highlighted through a visit are providing to both our Australian and to our four overseas chapters in Hong overseas-based members. One specific Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and the UK. area of focus is improved on-line delivery We have over 4000 members across of CPD, which will benefit members these four chapters, so our overseas not able to readily access our physical membership is as significant as some premises. of our divisions. Our members in these In considering our role as an locations are a combination of expatriate organisation on the international stage, 66 Australians and local engineers, many of it is also important to reflect on the whom have studied in Australia and want value in knowing that your Engineers International to maintain their professional networks. Australia membership can open Our overseas membership has declined international doors. One of the benefits b oundaries have by 20% in the past few years, largely for Australian members is to create an impacted by the strong Australian international linkage through our highly become less dollar. This can be compared to our engaged and dedicated committees in relevant in a membership base overall which has each chapter. I encourage any members increased by 20% in the same period. travelling through our overseas chapters, more globalised My view is that there is an opportunity to connect with these local groups. I to increase our overseas presence and have no doubt this will expand your workforce. profile, especially in southeast Asia view on the great things that Australian where there is such a strong geographic, engineering is achieving on the world commercial and political connection. stage. Of course the Mutual Recognition The political imperative is reflected Agreements, which EA has worked hard in the recent release of the government's to build with our overseas counterpart Asian Century White Paper. This has organisations (which I will provide an again shifted our national focus to update in an upcoming column), is one Australia's international engagement, further way that your Engineers Australia an area where Engineers Australia is membership can open international particularly active. doors. The commercial link is highlighted Our international members and our by the many Australian engineering international relationships are highly companies and engineers operating in valuable. We are committed to not just the region. For example, there are several maintaining, but building on, the very thousand Australian engineers working active membership we have in our in Hong Kong alone. It is therefore overseas chapters. M 6 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
Dr.EO G recommends:
"Don't w ait until it's - too l ate, use e Secugrid® Combigrid®"
Secugrid® a s tructurally sound stable and robust geogrid, with high modulus and high strength at low elongations for pavement and soil reinforcement.
Combigrid® t he next generation of pavement and soil reinforcement, combining the strength of Secugrid® w ith filtration and separation properties. Sydney B risbane 02 9631 0744 07 3865 7000 Perth M elbourne 08 9459 4300 03 9791 1772
NAUE G mbH & Co. KG Secugrid® and Combigrid® [email protected] Gewerbestrasse 2 are registered trademarks of 32339 Espelkamp-Fiestel NAUE GmbH & Co.KG Germany Germany www.globalsynthetics.com.au
LETTERS
Emergency l anes in tunnels Send y our letter either I r ead with great interest a w ide readership. Both usedn i the tunnel. This was in the body of the email the a rticle "Coroner Dix and the coroner are a source of much debate or as an attachment in Microsoft Word. suggests design changes" far less enthusiastic about during the design stage and in your March issue (civil emergency lanes in tunnels, it is good to see that the SENDO T edition), which discusses than the ea magazine article final solution worked so The Editor, the coroner's report on the implies. Indeed, on pages well. It is also appropriate to Engineers Media, Burnley Tunnel deaths, 100-101 Dix specifically note that all the reviews of PO Box 588, particularly as I had been said: "In my opinion the use the tragic incident indicate Crows Nest NSW 1585 the independent reviewer of the third lane as a safety that the event was managed EMAILO T for the City Link Project, lane would - overall - be by the operator, Transurban, letters@ which included the Burnley less safe than the current with exemplary engineering engineersmedia.com.au Tunnel, and had reviewed three lane option." skill and planning. and approved the various This view is increasingly Letters s hould not Dr M axwell Lay, HonFIEAust normally exceed 200 parts of the project. supported by international Past chairman of Victoria words. Include IEAust The article gives URLs experience with emergency Division and national councillor post-nominals, suburb, to both Arnold Dix's report lanes, both in tunnels and Bullween, Victoria state and phone number. and the coroner's report. on busy surface roads. Not all letters can be Dix's report is excellent and Dix also gives an excellent published. comprehensive, and deserves review of the deluge system By submitting your letter for publication you agree Repeating t he same mistakes that Engineers Australia magazine may edit the I w as surprised to read buildings i n Canberra - certification " clean room" letter for legal, length or that t he issue of dirty particularly the latter. was actually the dirtiest other reasons. Unpublished letters data centres, outlined in Health had been room in their premises. cannot be acknowledged the March issue (general contracting the Census Health specified air filters or returned. edition), was considered data processing service in capable of 90% 1um particle a new issue. The article the Treasury building and removal. I asked what was reminded me of my work in were plagued with claims the size of the magnetic recirculation b ack to the Commonwealth Works from by Census of programing media path on their tapes. plant, accommodated in a 1960s and early 1970s for errors. Health suspected It was 3 x 5um. Health mezzanine floor above the Tidbinbilla & Orroral Valley otherwise and negotiated agreed to HEPA filters (95% magnetic media. All proved Deep Space Instrumentation an agreement to undertake of 5um) on supply to the satisfactory to the client and Facility, and Commonwealth some dust monitoring in magnetic media units with the problems were resolved. Department of Health's the Census accommodation. cross flow - "ceiling inlet - Alan C hristie, FIEAust new data centre in the Census were embarrassed floor level relief" - to main Phillip, ACT Alexander/Albemarle to find that their tape frame machine room, with
Australian r ole in Mars mission
I n r eference to the article to o vercome in this mission. antennas r eceived signals Mars b ut to other spacecraft "Mission t o Mars a Communication between from the spacecraft both throughout the Solar System constant challenge" in Earth and the spacecraft was directly and then relayed as well. your March issue, I'd like to one of the most critical. through another NASA I am extremely proud highlight to your readers, the In an innovative landing spacecraft, Mars Odyssey, of the highly skilled and critical role that Australia sequence dubbed by NASA which was already in orbit technical team that we played in the successful Mars as the "seven minutes of around the red planet. have here at the CDSCC, landing by Curiosity that terror", I'm proud to note The CDSCC, acting as as they meet head on and took place in August last that the Canberra Deep part of NASA's Deep Space with enthusiasm, the many year. Space Communication Network (DSN), continues challenges that are faced in As Rene Fradet, deputy Complex (CDSCC), which to work with the other such exacting space science director of the engineering & CSIRO manages on NASA's DSN sites in California and activity. science directorate at the Jet behalf, was the prime Spain in transmitting and Dr Ed Kruzins Propulsion Laboratory rightly tracking station for Curiosity's receiving critical data, not Director, Canberra Deep Space pointed out in the article, landing activity. just to Curiosity as it makes Communication C omplex, CSIRO there were many challenges Our 70m and two 34m its way across the surface of Tuggeranong, ACT
8 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 GOLLABORATE
VEN O FFLINE.
t e veryone works in an air conditioned office. cluded in Bluebeam® Revu®, Bluebeam Studio"" lows you to store, access and edit an unlimited mber of PDFs or any other file type in the
oud, anywhere...anytime. Use Studio Projects
o check out and edit files and continue editing hem even if you lose your Internet connection. r, start a Studio Session with project partners around the world and easily collaborate in real time, or any time, with shared PDF comments _- and annotations. $7"; r
f/ fi t? im in RevaS [ évailablefthrough a global network of resellers, including Mindsystems, a Bluebeam Anythlng I S pOSSIble' Platinum Reseller based in Australia. www. b luebeam.com/extremeaccess
minpsystems
Phone: + 61 3 9999 1300
WJ b luebeam:
WN 0 L I M I T S © Copyright 2013 Bluebeam Software, Inc.
Gender i mbalance in Hire m ore graduates engineering? recently r ead a media If c ompanies want release in eNews (30 Nov) Australian experienced n r eference to the recent that w omen are equally as, reporting on the boom in engineers in the future EA survey of working or more qualified than men engineering employment. they must train the next environment and careers, in most categories. However, This report commented on generation of graduates. which implies the gender academic qualifications the shortage of engineers Philip Y oung, MIEAust CPEng imbalance in engineering do not always correlate in Australia. The report St Lucia, Queensland may be due to workplace to performance in the also stated that the 9500 discrimination, I ask the workplace, and I say this new engineers graduating question: "What is the from my observation of annually in Australia are not root cause of the gender male engineers. enough to meet demand. Entries f or this year's imbalance?" Is there a law of nature It should be pointed Art of Engineering Until this is answered that says the genders in out that there are not 9500 we won't know if this is a engineering should be a graduate positions available Competion, result of discrimination or particular ratio? Not that in Australia. There are formerly the Photo if there are other reasons. I know of. It appears to be many companies crying out Competiton, are My own observation is more an ideological point of for experienced engineers now being accepted. that women engineers are view that it should be so. but how many of these are New categories generally better than their taking on graduates? include videos, Chris R ohde, MIEAust male counterparts but are If you look at forums cartoons, modelling Queensland smaller in number. The two like Whirlpool, there are and visualisation, might go hand in hand and Editor:n A article on the many graduates who give and creative the average quality of female EA survey of working up on finding any position. interpretations. See engineers could drop if environment and careers can These qualified engineers details on the back numbers rise. be found on p. 42. are leaving engineering to cover. The survey report notes follow other paths.
'SQUARE' I MPACT ROLLER
a
vhf—ext NIC, E FFECTIVE, PRODU
BBmc» 0
Call8 0 8268 1988 | [email protected] | www.broons.com/impact
10 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
the p assing of years and happened. T he result is Camber r oad curves a change of staff, that the that we continue to lose he a rticle by Margot dynamic r ollover for a truck RMS would have changed lives and destroy property Cairnes in your March rounding a curve without its policy, because there is unnecessarily. issue described the camber. The only real little cost involved. However, Robert S mith, FIEAust CPEng pressure often applied on excuse I believe is that they Cairnes' article probably Roseville Chase, NSW new employees to conform decided last century that to explains why this has not with existing practices. I make the corners safe would believe that must be the encourage speeding and Bypassing r egistration situation in the NSW RMS nothing has changed. (formerly RTA). I have tried I first encountered a well y p revious letter in large a nd small private for a great many years to cambered secondary road the February issue employers will not welcome encourage them to camber in the USA many years ago. commented on EA the additional inflexibility road curves as it would save I was, however, travelling support for the prosecution in their workforce and can lives and take much of the at a high and steady speed, of Peter Ruffini for failing to easily avoid it by calling stress out of driving. making no adjustment on keep his RPEQ registration (titling) their engineers I have received numerous the curves. To drive at that current. It was answered by something else. My firm has excuses, mostly laughable. speed on that type of road Dr Peter Greenwood in the very well qualified clients For instance, motorists may in Australia would court March issue. It was easy to performing engineering feel uncomfortable if forced disaster, but I soon found accept and support much of tasks in this way. to stop on a curve which is out that all I had to do was his contribution. However, How will EA overcome not horizontal. One early turn the wheel and keep it is unfortunate that one of a deliberate and steady letter to editor suggested my eyes on the road ahead, my key points was ignored. increase in the proportion there would be a risk of without any stress. While government of unregistered engineers static rollover for trucks. Slowing down on every departments and some called something else? Other correspondents curve, especially with cruise larger private construction Jim S hannon, FIEAust CPEng quickly pointed out there control, is absurd. projects will specify Wellington Point, Qld is a far greater risk of I had expected, with registered engineers, many
flr'
L{The elghton Group is one of the w orld S Ieadmg contractors Cy «9 / U b We are Iookmg for exceptlonal
DISCIPLINE « I NTEGRITY »« SAFETY » SUCCESS Explore n ow at www.leighton.com.au/internalaudit
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 1
The $ 1.8 billion Adelaide desalination plant was officially opened last month, capable of providing the city with half its water needs.
Desalination n ow an
option for Adelaide
he A delaide Desalination Plant progressed. T he project provided a pretreatment a nd reverse osmosis (ADP) was officially opened last fantastic opportunity to many young systems are closely coupled so each month, marking the completion engineers, who have all learnt an system directly feeds the next, instead of the multibillion dollar project. The unprecedented amount from the team of using intermediate storage tanks. plant has the capability to produce up leaders and experienced staff who have "This pioneering design reduces to half of Adelaide's current potable been fantastic role models for them." the risk of system contamination, water needs. The 100GL/a plant, which has been improves energy efficiency and reduces The design and construction producing desalinated drinking water maintenance requirements," he said. contract for the ADP was completed since October 2011, was handed over The plant also features a "blind by the AdelaideAqua Consortium, for operation in December 2012 to split" reverse osmosis membrane comprising McConnell Dowell begin its 24-month proving period, on configuration that physically separates Constructions, Abigroup Contractors time and within the approved budget permeate generated from the front and and Acciona Agua. The operator is of $1.824 billion. rear membranes. This arrangement the Acciona Agua and Trility Joint Kumar said the plant has been forces more desalinated water to Venture, which is responsible for designed and constructed to allow be produced by the rear membrane operating and maintaining the plant production at any capacity from 0% to modules, and helps to balance water for 20 years from December 2012. 100%, providing far greater flexibility production from each membrane, with Regarding Australian involvement, than most other desalination plants. improved membrane life and operating SA Water and AdelaideAqua awarded The ADP is also the first in the costs. It is an Acciona-patented process contracts valued in excess of $600 world to use ultrafiltration (UF) design which recycles lower salinity million to local South Australian pretreatment for such a large scale concentrate streams within the system, businesses, representing more than seawater desalination plant and meaning up to 48.5% of total seawater 70% of the contestable works. features one of the largest submerged intake becomes desalinated water. ADP project director Milind UF systems in the world. The use of "This system sets a new Kumar said: "This project has fostered UF reduces sludge generation by more international benchmark in the ingenuity and creativity, helping us to than 80%. lifecycle cost efficiency of producing identify more solutions and see more Kumar also pointed out that unlike high quality desalinated drinking water alternatives to problems as the project other desalination plants, the UF from the sea," Kumar said.
12 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 NEWS
Members' v iews and priorities sought to drive change
he n ew directions for Engineers Australias p ublic policy positions. Australia's p ositions on a range of TAustralia have been outlined Many policy statements, especially issues, as well as the issues that previously by chief executive those included in the Public Policy arise during the election campaign. Stephen Durkin and national Guide, are now over a decade old. Gathering member views now means president Dr Marlene Kanga. Many policies have been overtaken Engineers Australia will be better However, late in April Engineers by changes in government policies prepared. Australia's Policy Directorate will and some simply by the passage of The third area covered by the launch its contribution to honing time. survey is a range of issues relevant the details of the new directions in It is now essential to decide to the revitalisation of the roles of the form of a Policy and Members' which policies should be retained colleges and technical societies and Priorities Survey. and updated, which policies should to assist development of professional This survey aims to directly be discarded, and areas where new services to members. involve members in three aspects of policies are needed. When the survey goes live, the change program by seeking their The second area covered by the members will receive an email views and priorities in order to more survey is members' views on matters containing a link to the survey. closely align future directions with of importance in the forthcoming This link will also be available on member aspirations. The survey will federal election scheduled for 14 the Engineers Australia website for commence on 26 April and conclude September. This objective is an members who prefer this approach. on 27 May and all members are extension of the policy priorities For more information, contact urged to participate. objective. Engineers Australia policy analyst The first area covered by the Every election provides an Andre Kaspura at akaspura@ survey is a review of Engineers opportunity to put forward Engineers engineersaustralia.org.au.
This, a long with sustainable design consistent l evels and contaminant-free". cultural h eritage and water resource and residual energy recovery, also helps The ADP features two sub-sea management in South Australia. The the plant reduce energy consumption tunnels, one 1.4km and the other building acts as the public gateway to by up to 40%, compared to an older 1.1km in length. Each is 2.8m in the plant. plant of similar size. diameter, lined with steel fibre SA Water chief executive John Kumar said innovative approaches reinforced concrete segments. One Ringham said the plant sets a new were used in the construction of the tunnel is connected to the seawater standard for desalination plants project. This was highlighted in the intake structure of the ADP, the other around the world in environmental significant construction work that had to six outfall structures on the sea bed. performance, durability and energy to take place underground in heavily Early commissioning results are efficiency. It has been assessed as being fissured rock, which carried a threat of showing that the outflow from the the most capital-efficient in Australia seawater or groundwater intrusion into plant is less than twice the salinity of and has the lowest operating cost tunnels and shafts. the ambient seawater, and within 100m per megalitre of desalinated drinking "To manage this risk, the of discharge points, excess salinity water produced. However, due to the fissures and seams in the rock were cannot be detected. current availability of cheaper water carefully identified and mapped. The A dedicated research and from the Mt Lofty catchments and the permeability of the rock was measured. development facility has been built River Murray, the desalination plant is Grout was then injected from the within the main plant, allowing testing expected to be placed in standby mode surface via wells up to 50m deep into of pretreatment and advances in once testing is finished late in 2014. the rock surrounding excavations, reverse osmosis membrane technology, shafts and underground chambers; in collaboration with external The M arch issue of Water Engineering Kumar explained. research organisations and local and Australia took a deeper look at He said all groundwater that international universities. desalination around the country. To entered the shafts and tunnels during The Kauwi Interpretive Centre subscribe to the publication go to: construction was collected, monitored has also been constructed to provide
Professional d evelopment in energy sector
Chevron A ustralia has signed a projects, a nd the broader energy industry squalify a a chartered engineer (CPEng). Professional Development Program (PDP) in Australia." It also fosters a supportive learning with Engineers Australia. The company Chevron Australia general manager environment, and gives graduates an said the program will help train young human resources Kaye Butler said: "This external benchmark for professional engineers. program will allow our young engineers development and recognition. Chevron Australia managing director Roy to develop the competencies of a mature The agreement was signed by (-r): Krzywosinski said the program would engineering professional, in a structured Chevron Australasia business unit help the energy industry to attract the and supported way. This is important facilities engineering manager Lawrence best and brightest minds for the future. for individuals, the company and the Fletcher, Chevron managing director "Investing in people, partnerships and profession." Roy Krzywosinski, Engineers Australia technology will help position Perth as According to Chevron, the PDP has a WA Division executive director Leanne an intellectual and technological centre number of benefits for engineering Hardwicke and Engineers Australia WA of excellence benefiting the Chevron- graduates, including allowing them Division president Helen Pedersen. operated Gorgon and Wheatstone to accelerate their development to
Graduate s chool proposal gains pace
narly i 2012, the National graduates " not well prepared". Only 2% There w ere also encouraging E Committee on Engineering Design thought current graduates were "well indications of willingness to consider (NCED) conducted an online prepared". financial support for setting up the survey of members of the Mechanical In a related question, 33% of school from 205 respondents, while College which assessed interest in the respondents considered that graduates 103 were willing to contribute to establishment of a Graduate School of needed one to two years to make a running costs. Mechanical Engineering Design and "consistently useful contribution" and Since the release of the report, Manufacture. Over 650 responses were 12% considered it required more than the NCED has completed a business received. two years. plan and is currently appealing for The concept, to turn out well- Around 80% of the respondents support from industry partners. It is trained practical, creative engineering considered that their organisation also particularly interested to hear designers, was generally well supported would benefit from "more readily from potential sponsors, and from with 45% of the respondents available, more experienced and better companies and organisations interested considering their organisation will qualified professional engineering in involvement with the school for need about the same number of design designers" and 71% believed their employee training, sponsorship of and R&D engineers over the next 5-10 organisation would be prepared to design projects for students or just years, while 40% felt they will need employ one or more professional general interest. more. engineering designers if they held a To register your interest contact the Regarding job readiness, 46% found graduate degree in engineering design. NCED at [email protected].
14 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
Research c ollaboration rolls on
delaide-based c rushing and understanding a nd quantifying real p ossibility of saving both time and compaction specialist Broons the level and depth of ground money for clients on future projects. has increased its level of support improvement in a variety of soil types "Over many years we've carried out to the School of Civil, Environmental and ground conditions. They will also trials with testing equipment mounted and Mining Engineering at the develop improving insitu testing and on the impact roller but to date University of Adelaide. verification techniques and procedures nothing has been conclusive with any In addition to its ongoing research and enhance predictions into the degree of certainty. The information collaboration agreement, Broons is performance of rolling dynamic has been subjective and it always supporting five PhD students research compaction in a range of applications requires post-compaction testing to the effectiveness and testing methods from soil compaction through to rock confirm the results. This is still the for the company's "square" Impact breakage. case with alternative suppliers in the Roller. A greater understanding of Broons director Stuart Bowes said: market. rolling dynamic compaction is sought "Understanding of the effectiveness "There's a belief in the wider market along with improved estimating of our impact roller in a variety of for rolling dynamic compaction that capabilities for users of the equipment. soil conditions has been an ongoing some industry players use a lot of Head of the School of Civil, project since we introduced rolling (smoke and mirrors. We are seeking to Environmental and Mining dynamic compaction in the early dispel this perception by investing in Engineering Professor Mark Jaksa said: 1980s. Technology has leapt ahead quality peer reviewed research. "The projects involve mathematical at a rapid pace over the last 10 years "If we were able to predict at the and computer modelling. These models and we're seeking to make use of estimating stage of the project, this will give us an accurate picture of what some innovative concepts to prove the would be a significant advancement will happen in a variety of applications effectiveness of our equipment even in the technology of rolling dynamic and across a range of materials." further. compaction and this is one area we are Researchers will look into "The resulting information has the focusing our research."
Locate s uccess...
Engineering a nd construction powerhouses - Thiess John Holland, Michels Corporation and CDM Smith - are successfully leveraging Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to streamline workflows, improve project collaboration a nd mitigate risk.
To r ead more about these and other success stories - order your FREE copy of GIS in Engineering* today. Call 1 800 447 111 or email [email protected].
Ls 1 800 447 111 (_) c [email protected] { e sriaustralia.com.au ©esri A ustralia *Available w hile stocks last. Esri Australia ABN 16 008 852 775 Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 15 NEWS
Internet a nd web creators
win i naugural prize
Five e ngineers who created the internet a nd the World Wide Web have together won the inaugural $1.5 million Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering for their innovations. Engineers Robert Kahn, Vinton Cerf, Louis Pouzin, Sir Tim Berners- Lee and Marc Andreessen were announced as the winners by Lord John Browne of Madingley at the Royal Academy of Engineering, which administered the prize. Browne said: "Engineering underpins economies, it gives commercial application to scientific discoveries, and it affects every aspect of our daily lives. By laying the (I-r) L ord John Browne with Robert Kahn and Louis Pouzin at the awarding of the $1.5 foundations for the internet and the million Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering. World Wide Web, the five winners have done an extraordinary service for The t echnical prowess of this heroes w hose innovations have made humanity. I am delighted that the prize group of engineers is equalled by phenomenal contributions to society. can honour the endeavour of these their foresight and generosity in We need more skilled engineers engineers, and make the story of their sharing their work freely and without to solve the world's most pressing world-changing innovation known to restriction. This approach allowed the problems, which require not only the public." internet and the web to be adopted excellent education and inspirational An international team of judges rapidly around the world and to role models, but more attention considered that these five engineers grow organically thanks to open and focused on highlighting the wonders epitomise, in the way they designed universal standards. Today, a third of of modern engineering, wherever and built the internet and the web, the world's population use the internet they may be. This is what the Queen the statement: "The art of engineering and it is estimated to carry around 330 Elizabeth Prize for Engineering is lies in the efficient combination of Petabytes of data per year. doing." technologies to deliver the most Queen Elizabeth Prize for The prize is run by an independent meaningful results for society." Engineering judging panel chair Lord trust, called the Queen Elizabeth The internet built on, but Alec Broers said: "Engineering is, by Prize for Engineering Foundation. significantly extended, the work its very nature, a collaborative activity The foundation is chaired by Browne, done on the ARPAnet in the 1960s. and the emergence of the internet and whose fellow trustees are Sir John Kahn, Cerf and Pouzin made seminal the web involved many teams of people Parker, president of the Royal Academy contributions to the design and all over the world. However, these of Engineering; Sir Paul Nurse, protocols that together make up the five visionary engineers, never before president of the Royal Society; and fundamental architecture at the heart honoured together as a group, led Mala Gaonkar, managing director of of the internet. the key developments that shaped the Lone Pine Capital. Professor Sir John It was Berners-Lee's invention of the internet and web as a coherent system Beddington, the chief scientific adviser World Wide Web - an information- and brought them into public use. to the UK government, is an adviser to sharing model that is built on top of "We had originally planned to the foundation. the internet that vastly extended the award this prize to a team of up to Founding donors include use of the internet beyond email and three people. It became apparent BAE Systems, BG Group, BP, file transfer. Andreessen wrote the during our deliberations that we would GlaxoSmithKline, Jaguar Land Rover, Mosaic browser that made the web have to exceed this limit for such an National Grid, Royal Dutch Shell, accessible to everyone and triggered exceptional group of engineers." Siemens, Sony, Tata Consultancy a huge number of applications Queen Elizabeth Prize for Services, Tata Steel Europe and unimagined by the early network Engineering director Anji Hunter Toshiba. pioneers. said: "Engineers are often the unsung
16 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
NEWS
Engineering i n innovation framework
E n gineers Australia has made a engineering e xpertise into innovation ways, i nnovation is among the most submission o n the relevance of precincts either as employees of significant avenues to growth and engineering in innovation for the precinct business entities, or as part of can drive productivity improvement recently released Industry Innovation multidisciplinary research teams from across all industrial sectors," Engineers Precincts Consultation Framework partner entities like universities. Australia said. Paper by the federal government. The The submission repeated the Engineers Australia looked forward first two innovation precincts in the findings from the 2012 report to contributing more to the innovation $500 million program will be for food Innovation in Engineering, authored precincts framework, along with and manufacturing. by the Engineers Australia Innovation other industry bodies, noting: "As a Engineers Australia said it did not Taskforce. That report found barriers unique voice representing a collective wish to identify specific industries to innovation included a lack of professional group, professional or sectors as candidates for industry leadership and commitment from bodies are innovators in their own innovation precincts. The submission management to innovate; lack of right through significant investment said engineers are employed across resources; lack of clearly articulated in thought leadership and learned almost every industry in the economy market needs or challenges; and the society' activities. Excluding these and census statistics show that the fact that sometimes the intellectual organisations would miss out on employment of engineers has increased property is held by an organisation the benefits of collaboration from substantially in almost every industry unable to deliver on the innovation. industries, occupations and professions in the five years prior to 2011. An emphasis on lowest cost solutions whose members are demographically Engineers Australia said that the and extreme risk aversion were seen as and geographically diverse, and innovation precincts should follow other barriers. who may not have the resources to a multidisciplinary model as used "Innovation is a critical component participate individually." internationally, and that every effort of productivity growth. Although To read the submission go to:
f>f\ More t ime to TM I b
Don't let a del ER?" of business management C hores eat. ‘ IIIQWIQIIJ'P‘EgflmfldFIIfiLQ
Bylaw)? s oftware simplities business management giving you more time to balance work and lite
TIN/o)» w ant. more time to prioritise, call us on 1300 979 000 or visit __| vioiiilbwwiflon'lholu
"J
4
f » » % mp R ‘r business management software usec
ie by over 5,000 architecture, engineering F o T A L Y- H 3332/ [e] 01,3“); professionals in AUustral1d
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 17
The n ew commercial tower in Brisbane will house the Queensland headquarters for Laing O'Rourke, after the company reached practical completion on the first stage of the project last month.
New h eadquarters in Queensland
aving j ust completed the first &AThe M project achieved practical commercial t ower was seeking 5 Star component of a new residential, completion o f the commercial tower Green Star office rating for design and commercial a nd retail precinct last m onth, allowing Laing O'Rourke as built, along with 5 Star NABERS in the Fortitude Valley in Brisbane, and key tenants Macquarie Bank and energy base building rating. Laing O'Rourke has moved into the Ergon E nergy to take up residence. Structural engineering was carried McLachlan & Ann (M&A) building The c ommercial tower is a 12-storey out by ADG while mechanical, which becomes the new Queensland building with 17,500m> of net lettable electrical and plumbing was completed headquarters for the engineering and area, 11 levels of A grade commercial by WSP Lincoln Scott. construction company. space and 420 car parking spaces. The During construction over 12,000m' of concrete and 1100t of reinforced steel was used. The structure was largely formed of a slip-form core, precast vertical elements and post- l S upplier opens technology centre tensioned insitu deck with a glass curtain wall facade. G l obal mining consumables to t he mechanical and chemical "With peak crew size of 520 people, supplier Bradken has opened testing laboratories managed by and 120 separate subcontract and a corporate technology Bradken's cast metal services (CMS) supplier companies engaged across the centre in the Steel River precinct business. project, M&A has achieved industry- in Newcastle to cater for business The project has added around leading safety statistics within the growth and its product development $18 million into the local economy. building industry," project leader Peter activities. The building was designed by EJE Paynten said. These facilities will support the Architects and Hansen Yuncken As well as the commercial tower, growth of the company, bringing project managed the construction. the mixed-use development includes The building showcases the latest together the corporate centre and a residential tower (22 storey, 234 environmental features throughout the Australian based leadership apartments) and ground plane retail teams from Bradken's mining the 1.3ha site and features four and low-rise commercial building, products, mineral processing laboratory spaces, open plan offices, constructed over three basement and rail businesses. It will also 11 meeting rooms, common areas levels of car parking. The residential facilitate training, development and and a commercial cafeteria all built tower was seeking a 4 star Green Star interaction of personnel. over two storeys. residential rating for design and as The building will house the There is also an external multi- built. product development teams for purpose facility that will house Project director Paul Barrie said the additional staff amenities along with the above businesses. The product $270 million precinct is expected to be development teams will have access parking. completed in late 2013.
18 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 NEWS
Conditions s et for road improvement
F e deral environment minister Tony mitigation m easures to minimise fauna Tasmanian d evil den." Burke h as approved the upgrade deaths; pre-construction surveys to "A comprehensive monitoring and sealing of existing roads in protect breeding fauna in areas to be program will use clearly defined northwest Tasmania as part of the disturbed; and a three-stage adaptive trigger points to escalate the adaptive Tarkine Forest Drive project, subject to management plan with specified management plan with higher level 24 conditions. trigger roadkill levels. protective mechanisms put in place The approval was granted to Burke said: "Additionally, at least should environmental impacts the Tasmanian Department of 21km of road will have a light coloured increase," Burke said. Infrastructure Energy and Resources in surface so that drivers can clearly see "The proponent will also develop a March. animals in the distance and rumble Tarkine region rehabilitation plan to Burke said with the conditions in strips will sound alerts to warn animals restore legacy environmental issues in place he is satisfied the development of approaching vehicles in defined high the region - for example to rehabilitate can go ahead without unacceptable risk areas. quarries and gravel pits that were impacts on matters of national "New infrastructure including table previously used in road construction." environmental significance. drains will minimise vegetation growth Engineering firm pitt&sherry is "This is a significantly different to reduce the attractiveness of road a consultant on this project. This pathway to earlier proposals from the verges to fauna. The road is also to included work on strategies to reduce Tasmanian government which involved include regular underpasses to allow roadkill. land clearing in areas where there was passage of small animals. The design management contract currently no road," he said. "Other measures will include was awarded to Hazell Bros in The key measures to mitigate limiting construction to daylight hours February. The Tasmanian government against environmental impacts and ensuring that all works cease has provided funding of $23.1 million include infrastructure and traffic within 50m of an identified active for the project.
+ D esigned to connect a wide range of open bar grating to supporting steelwork without drilling or welding ® + Q uick and safe installation from a bove + For grating up to 5Omm deep + Hot dip galvanised as standard + Vibration resistant indapter ALSO A VAILABLE... FLOORFAST A G RATE-FAST f or chequer floorplate
Steelwork Cavity Composite Support Floor F ixings F ixings D ecking Fixings F ixings F ixings
Authorised L indapter Distributor T: 1300 304 320 | E: [email protected] | W: ancon.com.au/Lindapter B U ILDING PR O DU CTS Offices l ocated in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Perth (International T: +61 2 8808 1111)
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 19
Geothermal p lant being
commissioned in central Australia
1MWe p ilot geothermal energy activities, t he isolation plug installed in aspects. F or example, the ability of plant is being commissioned in the Habanero-1 well is being removed. the brine heat exchanger to manage the Cooper Basin, marking a Following the removal of the plug, the high pressures associated with the significant milestone for Geodynamics Habanero-1 will be commissioned geothermal fluid produced from the in its Habanero project. as an injection well, completing the over pressured reservoir will be tested The company said all construction, closed loop system with Habanero-4 as and monitored. So too will the impact electrical instrumentation and safety the production well. of the geothermal brine chemistry on systems installation works at the The closed loop created between the power plant. The performance plant have been completed and pre- Habanero-4 and Habanero-1 provides of the caustic cleaning system commissioning activities, safety checks the hot circulating geothermal brine engineered to remove stibnite (a finalised and commissioning would used to generate the steam powering sulfide mineral) precipitated from the commence immediately. the pilot plant turbine. Geodynamics brine heat exchange will be monitored, Commissioning of the plant will said it anticipates the plant to be fully specifically looking at stibnite levels begin with the introduction of hot commissioned by the end of April and in the brine as it is cycled through the brine flow from the well known as the trial of the 1 MWe pilot plant to reservoir. Habanero-4 into the plant to warm- run until around August. Engineers will also test the up the brine system and commence Geodynamics managing director thermosiphon effect, a natural generation of steam. and chief executive Geoff Ward said convection created by density In parallel to the commissioning the trial would look at a number of differences in the geothermal brine occurring due to temperature gradients, aka the "buoyancy drive". Ward said: "With the successful completion of the Habanero-4 well in September 2012 we have demonstrated one of, if not the, highest productivity enhanced geothermal system (EGS) tests performed in the world. The commissioning of the pilot plant marks a significant achievement in Australian and global geothermal exploration and [the pilot plant] will be the first EGS- derived power in Australia. "The development of EGS geothermal resources in Australia remains a long-term challenge requiring significant capital investment and extension of infrastructure; however, we remain convinced that these resources will play a role in Australia's long-term energy economy as a reliable supplier of large scale, continuous, predictable, controllable energy." Ward said following a successful trial, the company will seek interest of other potential partners, particularly as it looks for initial customers for the first commercial-scale development. Origin Energy announced last month that it would withdraw from the joint venture, effective 30 June. A g eothermal energy pilot plant in the Cooper Basin has entered a commissioning phase.
20 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 NEWS
Gold m ill heritage recognised
he R eefer Battery in Adelong by Lee Broome and Peter Dickson; large granite boulders, complete with Tin the Snowy region of NSW relocation of the stamper was done old drill holes, sourced on-site. The has been recognised with an by local engineering firm Weaver boulders were in-filled with dry stone Engineering Heritage Marker by Engineering; the concrete footings walls supplied by Wee Jasper Quarry Engineering Heritage Australia at a were built by Clayton Deudney, the and built by John Cox with assistance ceremony in April. feature walls were designed using by Snowy Works & Services team "Erected in 1870, the Reefer Peter Reakes' idea of incorporating member Col Tiyce," Mullins said. Battery d emonstrates excellence in mill machinery for its time and was the most efficient water-powered gold mill in NSW, said Simon Wiltshire, chair of Engineers Australia's Sydney Lo C ka b le D owe ls Engineering Heritage Committee. "The Reefer Battery is historically e b significant as it represents a number of For POSt-Ten51oned concrqe Frames development stages for the processing s # +A a of gold ores throughout its 50 year life. "At the time, the mill was powered by the largest water wheel in NSW, and was one of the few privately owned mills that incorporated an extended treatment process to extract gold from pyritic ore. The Reefer Battery was commercially significant to the Adelong area as it enabled ore to be processed locally instead of having to be transported to distant facilities. "Due to the fine stonework and construction of the Reefer Battery, the mill is still substantially intact, allowing historians to understand how The L ockable Dowel accommodates initial reef o re was processed in the late 1800s concrete shrinkage and is then locked in and early 1900s. The mill was one of position with a mechanical plate and epoxy several along the Adelong Creek and resin. This unique Ancon product can be was t he last to close in 1915." usedo t replace mid-slab 'pour strips' with temporary movement joints at core walls. Tumut Shire Council's director development and environment / Eliminates pour strips Paul Mullins said: "This event is naaa . V / Improves site access a culmination of an extraordinary famount o volunteer time by retired ¥" Reduces propping time engineer Doug Boleyn, who has / Accelerates rate of construction compiled the application with / Increases pour size considerable input by local historian Pour Strip Tom Wiles". In M arch, the Adelong Falls Gold Mill Ruins reopened to the public after being damaged by flooding in 2010. The repairs have been carried out by council staff and Snowy Works and Services. B U V | l D | N G P R 0 D UGm§s The counc.il has also finished stage Tal: 1300 304 320 one of refurbishing the entrance to Tufoiuzz:rr4;::;:}>s Email: [email protected] the site with grants from the NSW iaa il" government and Bendigo Bank. www.ancon.com.au/Lockable
"Earthworks w ere undertaken
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 21
NEWS
Engineers A ustralia Queensland Division president 66 Simon O rton said the announcement to restrict the federal t ransport infrastructure investment to road projects
tputs a risk the future infrastructure needs of Australia.
Questions loom over rail comment
E n gineering groups have been rail e lectrification projects. One s ingle rail line operating at alarmed by a doorstop interview Engineers Australia Queensland peak efficiency can carry the same by federal opposition leader Tony Division president Simon Orton number of people as a ten lane Abbott who said he would not commit said the announcement to restrict freeway, and one bus can take up to 40 any federal money to new urban rail the federal transport infrastructure cars off the road. projects. investment to road projects puts at risk In response to the comments, Abbott said: "The Commonwealth the future infrastructure needs of cities federal minister for infrastructure government has a long history of like Brisbane. Anthony Albanese wrote in The Age: funding roads. We have no history "The federal and state governments "The notion by Tony Abbott that of funding urban rail and I think have a responsibility to work together public transport should be left to the it is important that we stick to our to ensure that adequate infrastructure states is dangerously wrong. Urban knitting and the Commonwealth's is delivered. There is much work to do congestion is not a local problem. knitting when it comes to funding to enhance the quality of Australia's It is a national one which, if not infrastructure is roads." infrastructure and Engineers Australia tackled, will cost us $20 billion in lost The comments were made when calls on all levels of government to productivity by 2020. he launched a federal Coalition plan work together to achieve a strong "Of particular concern is Abbott's to improve Melbourne's infrastructure vision for all Australians," Orton said. preparedness to dismiss all urban rail by committing to the East-West link. Orton noted the Brisbane Cross projects regardless of their capacity to He said: "We will start improving River Rail project was one of the most raise productivity. This is a rejection of Melbourne's infrastructure by important infrastructure projects facing the objective process established under committing $1.5 billion to the East- the state and he said it must proceed Infrastructure Australia of funding West link. This is a very important sooner rather than later. projects based on merit." part of the infrastructure that "Delaying this project will affect the He cited the Moreton Bay Rail Link, Melbourne needs. We are committing productive capacity of our economy an idea "that had been talked about to ensure that the East-West link is and will do nothing to address the by politicians since 1895", noting the under way within 18 months of a ongoing congestion on our road current population of 375,000 people change of government." networks which has clear and major will reach half a million by 2031. The comments raise the spectre of implications for the ongoing success of "While rail might be a great abandoning the independent advice our economy," he said. investment for the future, it is of Infrastructure Australia, which Australasian Railway Association not cheap to build. So the federal has placed the East-West link on the chief executive Bryan Nye said: "We government stepped in to help the National Priority List as a project with need more investment in rail and other Queensland government with $742 "real potential" but not yet "ready to forms of public transport to keep our million. Work is now well under way proceed", unlike the Melbourne Metro cities from grinding to a standstill over on the 12.6km link." rail project. the next 20 years, not less. Abbott was approached by Engineers There are a number of other existing "Leaving public transport solely Australia magazine to respond to urban rail projects receiving federal to the states whilst continuing to questions and discuss the proposed money currently under way, including fund road projects makes no sense - increased state contributions and other the Gold Coast Light Rail and the there is simply no way to coordinate, potential financing arrangements for Moreton Bay rail link in Queensland, prioritise and build the public urban rail projects in Australia, but no the regional rail link in Victoria as well transport our cities need without response had been received at time of as the Perth City Link and the Adelaide involvement at a federal level" publication.
22 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 An a rtist's impression of how Canberra may evolve in the future under the City to the Lake project.
Transforming C anberra
s C anberra celebrates its Alastair S wayn said while the city's work a nd live," he said. centenary, the ACT chief broad place is defined within the In the City to the Lake project that minister Katy Gallagher last National Capital Plan and the Territory was also unveiled, new buildings and month released The City Plan and City Plan, there is no detailed plan that facilities will extend the city towards to the Lake projects to guide future provides a cohesive direction for the the lake, aiming to finally link the development in the heart of Canberra. development of the city. two areas. It encompasses an area "The City Plan will provide a "This plan will bring together many stretching from West Basin to Anzac blueprint for future infrastructure strands of our past, recent and current Parade, and may include a new sports development, land release and planning projects, including Territory stadium, a new convention centre, incentives for redevelopment right and National Capital Authority plans more cultural facilities, an aquatic across the city. It will guide our for just portions of the city," Swayn facility and urban beach and/or a split- decision-making on what facilities and said. level boulevard to seamlessly link West infrastructure are needed, where these The plan will also provide context Basin and Civic. should be located, and what should for further staging of the Capital Metro Gallagher urged locals to have their be the appropriate mix of land use," light rail project. say as community feedback would Gallagher said. "The test of the quality of our city be critical in the continued future "As the city grows to a population of centre - as seen through the prism of planning of both projects. To find out 500,000 and beyond, we have to plan its public spaces, cultural facilities and more about these projects and have a for key infrastructure, major recreation retail spaces - will be how much it will say online go to
The C CAA Public Domain Awards celebrate the excellence of concrete design and construction in the public arena. | The Awards provide opportunity to be recognised by your peers and benefit from the publicity and kudos that come with winning. | Entries close May 31. Enter n ow at www.publicdomainawards.com.au or email [email protected]
e H ANAQPEIiCICJanlin§H wards NF | 2 013
CCAA,AWARDSP ublicDomain , *o T be eligible, projects must have been completed between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013. Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 23
NEWS
NEWSN I BRIEF
New i maging department open in Royal Hobart Hospital A major milestone in the redevelopment of the Royal Hobart Hospital has been reached with the Adelaide c ity revamped opening of the new $9.3 million Medical Imaging Department.
New C anberra Airport terminal open The new western concourse terminal at Canberra Airport has been officially opened. It is the second stage of a $420 million project to upgrade the airport, which also ( s P CC includes the southern concourse *A $ i g -"’E~‘\‘f a l terminal which was completed in is ud e 1
2010, and the demolition of the old . ® terminal and the completion of new international facilities. oplo L Rz c - A n ew retail precinct has been completed in the Adelaide CBD.
24 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 NEWSN I BRIEF
Discussion p aper on Lower Hunter infrastructure A discussion paper The Lower Hunter over the next 20 years looking at future infrastructure needs of the Lower Hunter region in NSW has been released by the state government.
Northwest S ydney rail infrastructure upgrade The construction of a third rail track and associated SALE infrastructure between Epping and Thornleigh in northwest Sydney has been contracted. Transport for NSW will work with Abigroup and Leighton Contractors as part of the With e xchange rates at record highs there's Northern Sydney Freight Corridor Program in the $265 never been a better time to invest in quality million contract.
Barracks i nfrastructure subcontract awarded A subcontract for preparatory construction and infrastructure \.. " its time works at Holsworthy army barracks in Sydney has been _ to re-tool awarded as part of the $870 million Moorebank Units Relocation project. Managing contractor Laing O'Rourke Australia..." has awarded the $148 million subcontract to John Holland, says Joe Hockey which involves bulk earth-works, construction of building on national pads, installation of in-ground services infrastructure, and television. construction works for roads, pavements and retaining walls.
New d omestic terminal at Perth Airport completed Perth Airport's new $120 million domestic terminal (T2) has been officially opened. The terminal, constructed next to the international terminal includes a landscaped plaza, 14 aircraft gates connected by And P CTE are covered walkways, and a departures lounge with retail and leading suppliers and exclusive dining options overlooking the airfield.
Australian c onsultant PCTE are the right choice. to be acquired by MWH To m ark the end of the financial year we're Australian firm Outback Ecology is to be acquired by holding a sale. Just mention this ad for a international infrastructure company MWH Global. Outback Ecology is an Australian environmental consultancy that has 5% discount when you call. We also have worked in the natural resources and mining industry for more special packages for the consultant looking than 20 years.
Victoria l aunches innovation funding program bundle any 3 items (excludes GPR) The Victorian government has announced a new innovation VISITUR O WEBSITE FOR MORE INFORMATION program to encourage productivity and competitiveness in the business sector. The $5 million Innovation Voucher Program provides funding to help Victorian businesses access the research and skills needed to develop and test new ideas. J egks o e 24 Ar”, w- er PAPWORTHS CONSTRUCTION TESTING EQUIPMENT
Phone 0408 034 668 www.pcte.com.au PCTEC1303PGX
PEOPLE
Email c hanges in key engineering personnel to [email protected]
RSI W U has named commence a s director of the Steve Solly as director - CSIRO Climate Adaptation engineering for Australia National Research Flagship and New Zealand. next month. He will be He previously served based in Perth. as general manager, He has been working transport services at Parsons for more than 20 years Brinckerhoff. He has held in the environmental and project leadership and sustainability fields. Hardisty senior operational roles in co-founded the international the UK, Europe, Australia environmental consultancy and New Zealand. Komex Environmental, now He graduated from the part of WorleyParsons. University of Melbourne. He is visiting professor in Bill M armion WN Environmental engineer environmental engineering Dr P aul Hardisty will at Imperial College, London N C ivil engineer Bill Marmion has been named minister for mines and petroleum, and housing in the WA g overnment as part of a cabinet reshuffle. He was previously minister for water and environment. Marmion is a past president of Engineers Australias WA Division.
Steve S olly Dr P aul Hardisty
Oabsafe LEADERS I N ROPE ACCESS INSPECTION AND REPAIR SPECIALIST A CCESS & REMEDIAL ENGINEERING Highly E xperienced , Reliable and Safe
absafe.com.au P h 03 9486 3777 [email protected] Building 1, 433 Smith Street Fitzroy 3065 Australia
Absafe p rovides 'Rope Access' and 'Confined Space \ I ratanternational inspection, repair and maintenance to bridges, ®h u acra }% facades and structures Australia wide. MEMBER
26 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
PEOPLE
and a djunct professor at principal c onsultant Dr as g eneral manager of its the University of Western Gavin Broom has joined mining services subsidiary Australia School of Business. the National Centre of Arccon Group. WN N eil Scales has been Excellence in Desalination Kreppold has professional named director-general Australia as a scientific qualifications in engineering of the Queensland adviser, sharing his time and law, and over 25 years Department of Transport between NCEDA and of experience in the mining and Main Roads. He WorleyParsons. industry. replaces Michael Caltabiano, Broom is a chemical N Engineering whose employment was engineer specialising in consultantcy Lindsay terminated. advanced water treatment Dynan has appointed Scales was previously and desalination. He was Ian Banister as civil Paul K reppold chief executive of TransLink. design manager and chief engineering group N Leighton Holdings Prior to moving to Australia engineer of the Perth principal. He has almost in 2012, he was director- Seawater Desalination Plant 25 years of experience in chief executive Hamish general of Merseytravel in at Kwinana and technical design, construction and Tyrwhitt has been the UK. He holds a bachelor manager for the Southern engineering management. appointed to lead the degree in engineering, Seawater Desalination Plant Strategic Advisory Board N C ivil engineer Bruce a master's in control at Binningup. on Australia in the Asian Sinclair has been awarded engineering and computing WN Sinclair Knight Merz an honorary doctorate from Century. systems, a diploma in has appointed electrical the University of Canberra. The board is designed management studies with engineer Daryl Scott as Sinclair is a co-founder keep governments, business distinction, and an MBA. global service line leader, and first chief executive of and the wider Australian N F ormula 1 team power delivery and the engineering consultancy community focused on the Scuderia Ferrari's head utilisation. now known as Sinclair opportunities presented by of engines and electronics He has 31 years Knight Merz. the transformation of Asia. Dr Luca Marmorini has experience, primarily in been named an adjunct senior management roles professor in the School of in Queensland electricity Aerospace, Mechanical and utilities. He also holds an Manufacturing Engineering MBA. = ~ S at RMIT University. N B ureau Veritas Asset He will deliver seminar Integrity and Reliability Civil C onstruction Manager presentations and provide Services has appointed Based s trategically between the Gold Coast and Brisbane, Peachey Constructions strategic advice to doctoral Dr Richard Clegg as a researchers and staff on boasts a long and well respected history, reputation and values. Established in the principal consultant in 1950's and to this day, still a family run business with modern up to date systems, potential areas of engine the materials science and plant a nd equipment. research. engineering group. He will We a re seeking a Civil Construction Manager to join our Contracting division. To be Marmorini graduated successful in this role you must have demonstrated experience and a proven track be based in Brisbane. record within the Civil Construction area, particularly in Earthworks, Civil, Mining and in engineering from Pisa Clegg is editor-in-chief Main R oads. University. of the journal Engineering The k ey responsibilities which include but not limited to overseeing multiple projects at N W orleyParsons senior any one time, mentoring junior staff, implementation of systems and procedures that Failure Analysis, and can drive the business forward and a commitment to Workplace Health & Safety. You was previously director must have the ability to communicate effectively and manage multiple project teams of Process Engineering and s takeholders. You m ust have strong problem solving skills, excellent communication and leadership and Light Metals Centre skills. at Central Queensland We are looking for someone with a proven track record in delivering projects within the University. fscope o works, on time and to budget. WN P ast Engineers Australia The s uccessful applicant will have the following prerequisites: Victoria Division president ® R elevant professional qualifications. ° Exposure to leading and managing the delivery of projects in the civil David Eltringham has contracting i ndustry. been named Public Works ® A bility to provide high-level advice and develop complex projects. * Demonstrate knowledge of WHS, Quality and Environmental management. Engineer of the Year by the ® Strong reporting skills for: budgeting, project progression, resource Victoria Division of the requirements and supplier evaluation. Institute of Public Works In r eturn for your performance and suitable qualifications in this position, you will Engineering Australia. be rewarded a market leading remuneration package. All applications will be strictly confidential. If this sounds like you, please submit your resume to the following email N A llmine Group has address: [email protected]. Dr L uca Marmorini appointed Paul Kreppold
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 27
CONFERENCE P REVIEW
New e vent series focuses on control by V ictor Sreeram
The A ustralian Control Conference (AUCC) is a new Australia o nline library and from IEEEXplore, and will be conference s eries that is organised by Engineers indexed by EI. Australia's National Committee for Automation, Two types of contributions are being sought: Control and Instrumentation (NCACI). Its purpose is e_ Regular papers, eight pages for submission, six pages to provide a forum for researchers, students and control for proceedings (peer-reviewed, presented orally or engineers from Australian industry and government as posters to be decided by the technical program organisations to exchange ideas and recent results, committee, published in proceedings). as well as discuss current problems arising in control & Industrial abstracts, two pages (peer-reviewed, typically engineering research and industrial practice. International presented as posters or in a special oral session on contributions are also encouraged. industrial problems, published in proceedings). AUCC2013 will be held at the Fremantle Esplanade Submissions close on 26 April. Hotel, WA, during 4-5 November 2013. It is sponsored The conference is dedicated to the memory of the late Pro- by Engineers Australia, IEEE Control Systems Society, fessor John Moore of the Australian National University. University of Western Australia, Curtin University and Moore's contributions include an integrated circuit for Fair- Murdoch University. child Semiconductor, a polynomial solving routine for IBM, The technical program consists of oral presentations, adaptive control methodologies for Boeing aircraft, signal poster presentations, keynote lectures and special processing for cell membrane response laboratories, as well industrial sessions. as algorithms for multi-fingered robots and nuclear magnetic A limited number of student travel awards sponsored resonance imaging. M by IEEE Control Systems Society Outreach Fund are now available. Please see the conference website
SEng 2 013
CONFERENCE
looking b ack ... looking forward 18-20 S eptember 2013 National C onvention Centre, ACT
The S $Eng 2013 Conference provides
an opportunity to: Joins u in the nation's capital +_ C elebrate and learn from the engineering with keynote speakers; achievements that have helped build Prof. Barbara Norman Australia
Major General Michael Jeffery +_ E ngage government policy makers, industry Dr. Robert Costanza and the community in an open discussion Mr. Richard Denniss, about the opportunities and challenges to explore and develop facing Australia today practical solutions that +- A rticulate a vision of a sustainable future can s hape the sustainable +_ D escribe the actions required to meet this future of Australia. y;, future
Find o ut more at www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ssee-2013-conference or on twitter #ssee2013
28 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
= Events AUSTRALIA 2013
Eminent S peakers
Awards
2013 M echanical College Designing S tructures for Awards Dinner
End-of-Life Deconstructability Australian E arth Observation When:8 2 April 30 April - Brisbane from Space: Digital Earth, Citizen Where: Melbourne Science and Social Media 2013 E lectrical College 14 May - Sydney An O verview of Development of Awards Dinner 16 May - Canberra an Australian Formula One Engine 20 May - Melbourne When: 7 J une Technology: An Example of the Where: Adelaide 29 May - Adelaide Obstacles Facing Engineering 27 June - Brisbane Award N ominations Open Innnovation in Australia 2013 C hemical Awards of 2 M ay - Canberra Excellence 7 M ay - Sydney EMINENT For more information on 9 May - Newcastle SPEAKER Eminent Speakers: 2013 S ir John Holland Civil 16 May - Brisbane SERIES http://www. Engineer of the Year Award 22 M ay - Adelaide engineersaustralia.org.au/ 2013 W arren Medal e minent-speaker-series 27 May - Melbourne U 0 2013 Rod McGee Medal
For m ore information please visit t he Engineers Australia website
2013 C onferences
ORCALL F ABSTRACTS FOR THE FOLLOWING Asia-Pacific I nternational The 2 013 IFAC Intelligent CONFERENCES NOW OPEN Symposium and Autonomous Vehicles Symposium Exhibition on EMC Conference o n Railway When: 26-28 June When: 20-23 May Excellence (CORE 2014) Where: Gold Coast Where: Melbourne When: 5 -7 May 2014 International C onference on Where: Adelaide Australasian S oftware Radar Engineering Conference When: 9-12 September FATIGUE 2 014 Congress When: 4-7 June Where: Adelaide When: 2-7 March 2014 Where: Melbourne Where: Melbourne For i nformation on all 2013 The 2 013 IEEE Intelligent Events, view our website Vehicles Symposium http://www.engineersaustralia. When: 23-26 June org.au/events/conferences Where: Gold Coast
INTELLECTUAL P ROPERTY
Raising t he IP bar
By C arla Cher
ajor r eforms to Australia's intellectual property M (IP) laws came into effect on 15 April, seeking to address issues including criticism that Australian IP law does not encourage innovation and may even hinder it. The changes purport to better support innovation by encouraging investment in research and technology in Australia and by helping Australian businesses benefit from their good ideas. These reforms may affect engineering activities in a number of ways. Raising t he threshold of patentability There has been a long held perception that it is too easy to obtain patent protection in Australia and that it is too dif- ficult to invalidate or limit the scope of overly broad patents. The reforms have sought in part to address this by raising the Australian patentability requirements. It is anticipated that the quality of granted patents will be lifted to a similar level to our major trading partners, such as the US, Europe, China and Japan. Some of the higher patentability standards that now apply include:
*- a far greater scope to consider and combine items of Carla C her ... "The IP changes have moved Australia's prior art information in assessing whether an invention patentability standards closer to those of our trading partners." is obvious (inventive) e- a patent specification must now enable a skilled person to perform the invention across the full scope in p atent and trade mark applications and oppositions will likely be reduced due to the changes, it is anticipated that of the claims, previously a single embodiment falling the time to gain protection of brands and inventions will be somewhere within the claims need only be described significantly quicker. e_ a European-style requirement that the description must contain basis for the subject-matter of every claim, and Improving t rade mark and copyright enforcement that the scope of the claims must not be broader than is Effective enforcement of trade marks and copyright is a sig- justified by the extent of the description and drawings nificant issue for those who have worked to establish their and the contribution made by the invention brand in the marketplace and do not want to see others take * an express requirement that the specification disclose unfair advantage of their hard work. The amendments increase (to the skilled person) a specific, substantial and the penalties for trade mark infringement and improve the credible use for the claimed invention (this is based system for confiscating counterfeit goods. It is hoped that upon the corresponding aspect of US patent law) future reforms in this area will further improve these systems. e_ a provisional patent specification now requires greater Possible f uture reforms detail when describing the invention. The government has proposed to raise the threshold on Improve r esearch and development validity for innovation patents to the same level as standard The amended legislation clarifies that research and experimen- patents, from an "innovative step" to an "inventive step. Its tal activities relating to patented inventions (except pharma- reasoning for this is to support innovation among small to ceutical patents) including obtaining information required for medium enterprises by ensuring only high quality patents are regulatory approval are exempt from infringement, whereas granted. Presently, some feel that the way in which "innovative commercial activities are not. Engineers, scientists and other step" has been interpreted by the courts sets the bar too low. researchers should find it easier to embark on new research If the reform is introduced, the only apparent benefit and experimental activities because patent infringement in in filing an innovation patent would be to gain protection selected situations is no longer a concern. In addition, the of an invention in Australia more quickly. The trade- cost of seeking patent infringement advice can be minimised. off, however, would be a significantly reduced term and These exemptions came into effect on 15 April 2012. possible reduction in scope of protection, not something many companies would consider worthwhile. Although Gaining p rotection faster and simplifying the IP system the application process for innovation patents would It is now more difficult to obtain extensions of time, so ensure remain significantly faster than for standard patents there you respond to any request in a timely manner. As delays
30 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 INTELLECTUAL P ROPERTY
The r eforms address ‘‘ criticism that Australian IP law does not encourage innovation and may even hinder it.
are v arious ways to speed up gaining protection of an protection and infringement risks reduced for researchers invention under the present standard patent system. experimenting with patented technology. Stay tuned for further information about raising the Many changes to intellectual property law have been innovation step. implemented and only some of the most significant The changes are aimed at raising the standard of are discussed above. For a full list of changes visit IP intellectual property protection in Australia and have Australia's website www.ipaustralia.gov.au. moved Australias patentability standards closer to those of our trading partners. In general, the increased Carla Cher is a patent and trade marks attorney and standards a mean that patents R will potentially be harder to I ntellectual microtechnology Asset M engineer t. atShe Watermark is al obtain and defend than prior to the reforms, but many nte ecEfiginesgres AuiFrZIgingg'Zmalecguanzicilta): intellectual p roperty system users will be unaffected. Other positive changes include reduced timelines for gaining
"RMD A ustralia's products have proven to be versatile,
highly productive and enhancing safety..."
Roe H ighway - WA "Macmahon C ontractors engaged the services of RMD Australia on its Great Eastern Roe Interchange project for Main Roads WA. RMD A ustralia has provided structures across the project utilising a combination of Rapidshor, Megashor, Alform Beams, Albeams, and scaffolding system products. RMD w as contracted from the beginning of the project to deliver innovative design solutions along with a commitment to supply a diversified product range to suit individual shoring applications throughout the different structures such as bridges and underpasses. The p roducts utilised across the project have proven to be versatile, resulting in a highly productive shoring process and enhancing the safety of all personnel on site." Macmahon C ontractors
RMD A ustralia i TheMD R Australia Site Handbook i te contains 248 pages of component Excellence
flandb°°k and technical details in Formwork, Euaered for RMD 's main Shoring & products as well as « construction industry Scaffoldlng information. Freecall | 1 800 111 763 ORDER Y OUR COPY TODAY: www.rmdaustralia.com.au/sh AUSTRALIA
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 31
INNOVATION
Support f or engineering innovation by C hris Butler
pportunities f or innovative said. " When we recognise a need in the Australian engineers, designers, market we will jump in and undertake the manufacturers and businesses are necessary research and development to limitless given the "Asian Century" we get a solution off the ground and into the are in and a strong commitment from marketplace. R&D tax assistance is brilliant. the Australian government to strengthen More businesses should be looking to local firms. access it." AusIndustry views innovation in Another innovative firm, Nova Systems, engineering as an integral part to has used R&D to help it expand from Australia capturing every opportunity defence aerospace work to engineering and we can from this exciting future. It project management across many sectors. supplies major employment and leads to Nova Systems' Dr Jonathan Couldrick job growth, productivity and economic said accessing R&D tax assistance has prosperity across a range of sectors. allowed the company to reinvest money Companies such as Transmin - a into other ideas and projects in order to Chris B utler sees innovation in mechanical equipment designer that remain competitive and expand markets. engineering a s an integral part to delivers many innovative supplies and Australia capturing opportunities "I think R&D tax assistance is fantastic, services, from conveyors, elevators, rock in the Asian century. and more Australian companies need to breaking mechanisms and mineral sizing tap into it. It helps reduce the risk of doing solutions - is an example of how the R&D R&D and gets projects up and running. Our Tax Incentive (delivered by AusIndustry - see box) can business will continue to access this support," Couldrick benefit business. said. Transmin business development manager and software There is other assistance available to engineers and engineer Adrian Boeing acknowledges that R&D tax engineering firms. AusIndustry's venture capital programs assistance has allowed the company to expand its such as the Innovation Investment Fund and Early Stage engineering and design business across Australia and Venture Capital Limited Partnerships work with private explore the global market. venture capital fund managers to provide capital and "R&D is a major component of what we do," Boeing professional expertise to innovative companies.
Tuslndustry s ervices
usIndustry d elivers programs on behalf of AusIndustry d elivers a number of key government programs A the federal government to help existing and - including the R&D Tax Incentive, which can be of great new Australian businesses innovate, grow and assistance for those involved in engineering innovation. succeed. It strives to help businesses respond to the The incentive drives innovation and productivity by pro- world's diverse challenges, including climate change, viding incentives to businesses to use R&D as a platform global competition and the rapid growth in technology. for growth and has two core components. Companies may AusIndustry is a specialist program delivery division be eligible for: within the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, e- a 45% refundable tax offset (equivalent to a 150% Research and Tertiary Education that provides incentives deduction) if their turnover is less than $20 million to help businesses, including engineering firms: per annum; or &_ conduct research and development e- a 40% non-refundable tax offset (equivalent to 133% + access small business assistance deduction). +_ take up new technology, especially clean solutions AusIndustry has customer service managers in 23 offices + invest in new processes and products to secure the across Australia. It has an extensive reach into regional future of manufacturing and create jobs Australia through its regional managers network, based &_ commercialise a new technology or venture from 15 regional offices. Its regional managers are local + strengthen industries and sectors and provide for job- people with an understanding of local issues and are the creation contact point for local businesses. MW + adjust and prosper in a low-carbon economy.
32 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
INNOVATION
For e xample, Benthic Geotech, established in 1997, is a mining i ndustry. The Owen Swing Pedal is designed for privately owned Australian company based on an original use in heavy equipment such as dragline excavators, cranes concept from the University of Sydney. Benthic Geotech's and electric face shovels. core technology is the Portable Remotely Operated Drill Since being awarded a $223,800 Skills and Knowledge (PROD) - a small drill rig that operates on the ocean floor and Early Stage Commercialisation grant in February for subseabed data gathering in engineering, geotechnical, 2012, OCP has gone from strength to strength. The and scientific studies. company won an Engineers Australia Queensland Division Since 2001, the company has received $2.6 million in Engineering Excellence Award last year and was a finalist funding through Momentum Funds Management, licensed in the Australian Design Awards. It has also become part under the federal government's Innovation Investment of the mining supply chain for Bucyrus, now owned by Fund program. As a result, the company has expanded Caterpillar - the world's largest and most technologically internationally, operating in the Norwegian Sea and off advanced single bucket excavators. OCP has won supplier the coast of west Africa. It is also now operating in the contracts to some of the largest global mining companies, deepwater mineral deposit validation sector - a new and including BMA, Peabody, Anglo Coal and Xstrata. potentially important market segment for the company. In September 2011, Caterpillar installed its first Swing The recent federal government Industry and Innovation Pedal at the Collinsville Mine in north Queensland. Statement announced a new initiative, Venture Australia, Caterpillar has since expressed its desire to adopt OCP's introduced to help innovative businesses with high system on all its new machines and retrofits. OCP has also growth potential and to promote Australia as a location converted more than 40% of Bowen Basin draglines. for investment in innovation. One of the initiative's main OCP business development manager Karyn Owens said elements will be a new $350 million round of funding for the encouragement of the company's Commercialisation the Innovation Investment Fund program, provided to Australia case manager at key points in the process has attract at least $350 million in private investment in the been vital to the company's ongoing success. high-risk venture capital market and to support the growth "At the end of it, I just want to be an advocate for what of competitive start-ups. is, quite frankly, a fantastic program," Owens said. Commercialisation Australia is another federal AusIndustry is here to ensure that businesses government initiative that offers funding and resources understand what incentives and services are available to to accelerate the business building process for Australian help them grow. If we don't have a program or initiative companies, entrepreneurs, researchers and inventors. It that suits you, our staff will help you find one. Our people offers a range of funding options as well as multi-layered know what assistance is out there - we have a "No wrong networking opportunities to help new business ventures door" policy to helping your business grow. M succeed. Commercialisation Australia grants assist companies Chris B utler is the head of division for AusIndustry, a division of like Owen Custom Products (OCP), which has developed the federal Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. a superior swing pedal directional control system for the
Professional I ndemnity Insurance Tailored to Your Business
# A ll policies have exclusions that can deny a claim.
We r emove those that should not be on your policy.
When i t comes to your business, we're the last piece of your puzzle.
SCALL U TODAY SO WE CAN MATCH YOUR POLICY TO YOUR BUSINESS V*
Proudly R ecommended By: Phone-“I 077 9 33
Email: # C com. au7 B RI C Bovill Risk & consuT AUsTRALIA a ® Insurance Consultants V ENGINEERS Website: M -
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 33
COVER S TORY
Innovation a nd industry -
Newcastle p owers on
by C onrad Bem
espite s ome significant setbacks in recent memory, no- paint. W ork is under way to develop printing technology to pro- tably the 1989 Newcastle earthquake and the closure of duce plastic coated with the solar paint en-masse. These sheets BHP's Newcastle Steelworks in 1999, the Hunter region could be installed onto roofs, connected to inverter boxes, and has maintained the key economic role it has held for then gather energy. Dastoor's research indicates that if a standard over 200 years. The 29,000km> area is responsible for 72% of 150m house roof was covered in this material, the house's energy NSW's coal output, which provides $8.5 billion in royalties to needs would be covered entirely by the solar paint. the state government. This work is conducted under the auspices of the University About 60% of NSW's electricity comes from the area, the of Newcastle's Priority Research Centre for Organic Electronics vast majority being from coal-fired power stations owned by together with the CSIRO Energy Centre in Newcastle. Work is Macquarie Generation, Eraring Energy and Delta Electricity. now under way for a large-scale printing facility funded by a $1 Eraring Power Station has recently completed a $600 million million grant from the Australian National Fabrication Facility. upgrade to bring four of its 660MW generators up to 720MW. A further $15 million investment is being sought for commer- Clean energy is also being spearheaded by CSIRO Energy Centre, cialisation of the results produced by the facility. the Newcastle Institute of Energy and Resources (NIER), as well The global engineering, management and technical specialist as industry partners like Delta Electricity. Aurecon is expanding its operations in Newcastle by building Billions of dollars of projects are under way. Ausgrid is invest- a $7 million office building in the suburb of Warabrook. The ing $2 billion into the Hunter region's electricity infrastructure, building will be developed, designed and constructed by ATB which includes 29 projects over the next five years. Morton, with Aurecon commissioning design firm EJE Archi- Innovation is being spearheaded by organisations like NIER, tecture for the interiors. The 8900m facility houses two floors which is undertaking a project which could effectively turn any of commercial office space, has 500m of technical laboratories flat surface into an environmentally friendly solar panel. The housing oil, environmental, metallurgy, electrical and mechani- organisation's Professor Paul Dastoor is developing a water-based cal engineering labs and a 270m high-voltage testing lab. The suspension of semiconducting material that can be applied like building is due for completion later this year.
Aerial v iew of Kooragang Island and Newcastle's CBD.
34 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
COVER S TORY
An " outstanding example of public architecture" has also been iansn i a controlled environment. Once the monitoring program achieved by Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM), in association with has been completed, the fence will be removed and allowed to Denton Corker Marshall (DCM). The companies won the 2013 become part of the natural landscape to enable the frogs to Newcastle Jury Prize for Best Overall Contribution to Newcastle interact with nearby Green and Golden Bell Frog populations. Architecture and the Public Architecture Award at the Australian Defence is another important part of Newcastles economy, Institute of Architects, Newcastle Architecture Awards for the particularly the Williamtown RAAF Base which handles around recently completed Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) 1000 aircraft movements each week. It will receive the first two building. The HMRI is a new medical research building that will F-35 Joint Strike Fighters when they become available. help the institute produce research of national significance and Elsewhere, the heavy engineering company Forgacs has attract international research teams. The facility can accommodate finished three more hull blocks for the Air Warfare Destroyer 450 medical researchers, colocating biomedical researchers and (AWD) project, which departed Newcastle on a barge bound for clinical researchers. Adelaide. The blocks, which collectively weigh almost 300t, will SKM provided principal consultant as well as architect services, be consolidated into HMAS Hobart, the first of three destroyers. in association with DCM, and also building services engineering. The AWD project is being delivered by the AWD Alliance, The HMRI will now progress to the state architecture awards to of which Forgacs is a member. Other members are the Defence be announced on 27 June in Sydney. Materiel Organisation, ASC and Raytheon Australian. The AWD Environmental work is also under way in the region. In Hobart Class is a 7000t naval vessel which mounts the Aegis March, the University of Newcastle's Amphibian Research Group missile weapons system among other warfare capabilities. released the last of approximately 5000 tadpoles into a newly They are being partially manufactured at Forgacs' two Hunter constructed research habitat on Ash Island, near Kooragang region shipyards at Carrington and Tomago, and include the Island in Newcastle. The habitat has been created as part of the first hull block to be manufactured at the Carrington shipyard. research being undertaken by the university, in collaboration David Miller, managing director of AWD Business, said Forgacs is with the Newcastle Coal Infrastructure Group (NCIG), into the building 44 of the 93 blocks for the three Air Warfare Destroyers. Green and Golden Bell Frog. AWD Alliance chief executive Rod Equid said the project is NCIG chief executive Rob Yeates said the wetland habitat has progressing well with the first ship to be delivered to the Royal been planned to provide researchers with an understanding of the Australian Navy in March 2016. preferred environment and pond variables for the development The quality of engineering in Newcastle is also being recog- of successful habitats for the Green and Golden Bell Frog. He nised, as evidenced by the two Hunter region projects that won said the habitat took about three months to construct, and the Engineering Excellence Awards in last year's Engineers Australia research program will continue for the next three years. National Excellence Awards. The created wetland includes a fenced enclosure around One was BHP Billitons Hunter River remediation project, the Green and Golden Bell Frog habitat, excavation of 16 trial which received an Engineering Excellence Award for setting new ponds within the enclosure, landscaping within the enclosure, benchmarks for remediation. It was completed by Leighton and establishment of an access track, and continuous monitoring of Thiess Services in February 2012. This project removed 1.2 Mm pond and ground water levels as well as water quality. of contaminated sediment left in the Hunter near the former The fenced enclosure is to assist in monitoring the amphib- Newcastle steelworks.
The H unter Medical Research Institute in Newcastle. A s egment of the Air Warfare Destroyer at Forgacs' shipyard.
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 35
COVER S TORY
The o ther recipient of an Engineering Excellence Award was of t wo sections. The 13km eastern section is being completed by the SeaUrchin Marine Power Generator project. Developed by a Roads and Maritime Services, Thiess, Parsons Brinckerhoff and consortium consisting of Elemental Energy Technologies, ATSA Hyder Consulting. It includes two interchanges, two overbridges, Defence Services, e3k and RPC Technologies, the SeaUrchin rest areas and three high bridges in the Sugarloaf Range. These makes use of water currents to generate electricity. The technology bridges have a total length of 787m and are 47m at their highest is scalable, is suitable for saline conditions and can have a low point. The 27km western section is being completed by Abigroup. turbine rotation to prevent injury to wildlife. It is considerably This section includes four interchanges and four road bridges. more efficient than current water turbine energy generator tech- This investment in infrastructure will serve as a new corridor nology and can be used to produce low-cost renewable energy. for road freight, potentially reducing congestion caused by heavy On the roads, the $1.7 billion Hunter Expressway is nearing vehicles moving on the New England Highway. It also includes completion, with a scheduled opening later this year. It is composed a 1km reconstruction of the South Maitland railway. M
Terminal g rows by fourths and thirds
onstruction i s nearing comple- on-time a nd under budget. some i nsignificant differences in equip- tion for the fourth stockyard NCIG's terminal serves coal mines ment and machinery. One advantage that stream and third loading berth in the Hunter Valley region. Presently NCIG made use of was engaging mostly at the Newcastle Coal Infrastruc- it receives coal through two unloading the same contractors that had worked on ture Group (NCIG) Coal Export Terminal stations, which is then transported to the other stages. on Kooragang Island, Newcastle. This is three large conveyors that feed the coal Aurecon Hatch is the principal con- part of NCIG's "Stage Three" expansion; into the site's stockpiles. These dedicated tractor, Sandvik has provided site stacker the goal is to increase the terminal's yearly stockpiles, allowing for specific grades reclaimers and shiploaders, Thiess was the export capacity to 66Mt, a significant of coal to be kept distinct, are serviced mechanical contractor during the "Stage increase on its current 53Mt capacity. by stacker reclaimers which can either 1" expansion, and John Holland is the The total cost of this stage of the project add or remove coal as operational needs current mechanical contractor. Addition- is nearly $1 billion. While the berth is in require. The coal is delivered from the ally, Abigroup provided bulk earthworks the process of being commissioned, the stockpiles to ships at two export berths and inbound concrete, Downer EDI stockyard conveyor stream only needs to utilising two shiploaders. was the electrical contractor and Laing have the belt installed before it is ready Engineers Australia took a tour of O'Rourke provided wharf construction for commissioning this month. Nathan the site with Juchau. He explained that services. This permanency meant that Juchau, NCIG's environment and security the new expansion stage was essentially NCIG retained past experience and other manager, told Engineers Australia that the identical to the previous stages in relation knowledge gained. construction stages had been consistently to constructed infrastructure, excepting "We have duplicated infrastructure built as a part of the first stage, which meant we got quite a good deal of ef- ficiency to be able to roll on with our contractors. The learnings you picked up from building the first couple of stages you're able to apply for the next stage and build your plant quite efficiently, said Juchau. The completion of the third shipping berth has been facilitated by NCIG's dredging of the Hunter River over a period from 2007 until 2012, which in- creased the river's depth to 15.2m (from 2-3m). Much like the fourth stockyard stream, acquired knowledge from the construction of the two previous berths was retained because NCIG continued to engage the same contractors. This third berth will allow the terminal to Two s tacker reclaimers at NCIG's Coal Export Terminal in Newcastle.
36 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
COVER S TORY
simultaneously s ervice three vessels, in- further d amp sound, and where possible that t he youth of the site meant that cor- cluding the large Cape Class. According work scheduling is such as to prevent rosion was not yet a severe problem, and to Lloyd's Register, a company focussing disruption of the community during site that in the long-term this would need to on assessment of business processes and construction and operational activities. be closely managed. products, these vessels have a storage Corrosion protection is integral; Juchau The "Stage Three" expansion is sched- capacity of between 100,000t to 180,000t. explained that all the machinery has uled to ship its first coal in May, and will The other types commonly dealt with been coated with anti-corrosive paint to be handed over to NCIG's operations in Newcastle are the Handymax class withstand the saline air. He did explain group by July. W
(35,000t to 50,000t) and the Panamax class (65,000t to 80,000t). A major aspect of the whole terminal is the extent of automation. Juchau said that on a given weekend only nine NCIG staff were required to keep the coal flow- ing, and theoretically this could be as low as three. This is in stark contrast to the sites current workforce, consisting of an additional 500 to 600 construction contractors. The additional workforce was evident from the small villages of demountable buildings around the site. However, it didn't appear to actually disrupt movement around the site or the coal export activities, an observation that Juchau confirmed. "Obviously, management needs to be good; operating plants and construction being that close together. However, we've got a very good safety record and a record of delivery of operational tonnes as well Hot D ip Galvanized (HDG) steel provides as construction phases." unrivalled performance in corrosion control, Like all coal loading terminals, dust high resistance to mechanical damage and suppression was integral to the site. A inertness t o high UV levels. series of water cannons lined the stockpile yards, water trucks patrolled dirt roads Bridge, h ighway, electrical utility, mining, and strategically positioned water sprays commercial and marine design specifiers were everywhere. Juchau explained that have realised the unmatched durability of HDG s teel. this was one of the most important envi- ronmental aspects of managing the site, Often, m ajor construction projects target a due in part to community concerns of 50-100 year design life and HDG steel has health and enjoyment of amenities and the proven advantages of longevity and cost NCIG's responsibilities relation to protect- effectiveness w ith these projects. ing the local air quality. The water used As p art of the global Valmont group, Industrial is primarily runoff captured on site and Galvanizers has the expertise and resources stored for reuse; no surfactants or other to handle the most demanding project and chemicals are used. By keeping track of provide outstanding customer service. weather conditions and using an algorithm to predict the moisture of the stockpiled y 8 g coal, the site effectively manages what could potentially be a severe dust problem. S ydney « Newcastle « Port Kembla « Melbourne g g E Carole Park « Pinkenba « North Queensland g SE Noise control is also considered Western Australia « Tasmania 3 __/] 5 2s throughout the site's design. The convey- Quality © VESndNl® ors above a certain height are covered, the www.ingal.com.au sonoccma. valmont ¥ commy aluminium rollers use polymer ends to
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 37 COVER S TORY
Extracting i ron from waste
here's a l ot of large-scale infrastructure on Kooragang coulde b installed in the old process tower. The strong power, Island in Newcastle, and while Austpac's Newcastle water and transport infrastructure surrounding the site is why Iron Recovery Plant is comparatively small it is still Austpac chose it despite the limited available space. Two new an intriguing engineering feat. The site's construction buildings had to be added to the existing framework. initially stalled due to a lack of available funds, but after capital Austpac had to carefully design the site to fit in all the raising, work recommenced in January. Since then, Austpac has required equipment, including fluid beds and solids transfer overcome the challenges of a highly compact site to continue infrastructure. Interfacing between the existing and new struc- building a plant that recovers pure iron from products previ- tures was a particular challenge for Austpac. Spill safeguards ously discarded as waste material. are also in place, although Winter told Engineers Australia it The plant is based around a process called EARS, or Enhanced was not a challenge to find enough space for them. Acid Regeneration System (see the boxout Lend me yourEARS). On completion, the plant will be 20m high at points, and Originally developed by Austpac at the TUNRA Bulk Solids when Engineers Australia toured the site in March, the site's research centre at the University of Newcastle, EARS produces skeleton already loomed tall overhead. hydrochloric acid and iron pellets from the iron chloride leach Although the site used to have a low voltage electricity sup- liquor generated by manufacturing synthetic rutile (titanium ply, following a discussion with Ausgrid it was decided that a dioxide), or synrutile. This is created from another of Aust- high voltage supply was more appropriate for the estimated load pac's proprietary processes, Enhanced Roasting and Magnetic for the new plant. Austpac engaged Power Control Engineers Separation Synrutile (the ERMS SR process; more information (PCE) to extend the existing 33kV privately owned network at
Pilot w ork was conducted that showed that when 2t of iron oxide waste was added to 1t of liquor, it was possible to extract 1t of hydrochloric acid and 1 .6t of iron. hydrochloric a cid when preparing steel for coating) an idea was and f or ease of installation, PCE procured compact SF, insulated raised. Austpac general manager of process technology and metal clad switchgear for the new transformer feeder. engineering John Winter suggested blending mill scale and Finding space for a new power transformer and managing the electric arc furnace dust with the liquor to improve the yield fire risks associated with oil filled electrical equipment was not of iron. These consist of iron oxide that is normally considered easy but a solution was found through some careful site design. as waste, with the challenge for companies like steel mills being Cable trenching on Kooragang is difficult due to the high how to appropriately dispose of it rather than how to reuse it. water table which would cause even a 1m deep trench to collapse. Pilot work was conducted that showed that when 2t of iron Further, because the island was historically used to dump mineral oxide waste was added to 1t of liquor, it was possible to extract waste, there are random pieces of metal slag called "skulls". To 1t of hydrochloric acid and 1.6t of iron. There was significant avoid these, PCE proposed the use of trenchless technology to interest from industry in this process, which lead to the de- install a 140mm diameter high density polyethylene (HDPE) velopment of the Newcastle Iron Recovery Plant. pipe 4m underground using controlled horizontal directional Originally a hydrofluoric acid plant built in 1971 and closed drilling to allow electric power to reach the plant. down in 1988, Austpac had to remove what remained of the Electrical earthing is also a challenge on Kooragang. The derelict chemical processing equipment so the company's pro- sand on the site has a high electrical resistance, which means prietary new acid regeneration and iron reduction equipment that dissipating electric current into the ground in the event of
38 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 COVER S TORY
AD 3 rendering of Austpac's Newcastle Iron Recovery Plant.
Iron a nd char product storage silos
EARS a cid regeneration and
| iron reduction section
Tank f arm for pickle liquor and H Cl acid storage
Briquetting s ection (plant room above) T C oal feed system
Iron b riquette product load-out bunkers
eLend m your EARS
Austpac's N ewcastle Iron Recovery Plant is an e lectrical earth fault without producing a dangerous earth designed around a process called Enhanced potential rise is difficult. Several deep earth electrodes and maximum use of civil structures and reinforcing together with Acid Regeneration System, or EARS. Based the application of risk based earthing design techniques has on pyrohydrolysis (heated fluid beds), the allowed a design compliant with the latest earthing standards process c ompares favourably to existing to be produced. regeneration m ethods. It is more cost effec- Feedstock for initial operations at the Newcastle Iron Re- covery Plant will be provided by CMC Cometals (who will tive in terms of capital and operating costs, supply mill scale and purchase the iron products) and Orica and it produces below detectable limits of (which will supply the spent pickle liquor and purchase the dioxins and furans (both pollutants) which regenerated hydrochloric acid). When the plant reaches full are created by regeneration processes. For operating capacity it will produce around 18,000t of iron (as pellets or briquettes) and 18,000t of acid (25% HCI) each year. more information about the process, go to Austpac expects to start commissioning the plant during the
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 39
COVER S TORY
"27l a I * «tu |. UMI
ai - (I-r) T he workshop in TUNRA's pilot plant facility, and the pilot plant testing the formation of arches of material in loaded hoppers. Protos: C onrap Bem
Air c annons, porous plugs, and chilled conveyors
shere i a wide variety of research underway at TUNRA further c apsizing events by determining if liquefaction is likely Bulk Solids, with air cannons, porous plugs and chilled to occur in a bulk cargo and at what moisture level. conveyor belts all being investigated among other projects. A significant part of TUNRAs Newcastle site is dedicated to A research division of the University of Newcastle, TUNRA pilot plants, contained within a warehouse with ample room for is involved in a wide variety of research projects all nominally the plants and the workshop needed to build and maintain them. aimed at the handling of bulk materials like mineral ore. Engi- One of the simpler pilot plants that Wiche presented to us was neering manager Dr Stephen Wiche took Engineers Australia on a wear testing machine, which has bulk material loaded into a a tour of the research centre in Newcastle. shallow circular trough so it could be spun around and abrade First stop was the bulk material testing laboratories, where samples of wall lining materials. He said that while it was primar- Wiche explained that part of the organisation's main business ily designed to test the wear resistance of standard wall linings, was dedicated to testing the flow properties of bulk materials. He it could also be used to test the properties of novel wall linings, noted two major issues currently facing bulk materials handling; for example mild steel with a chrome surface. arching of material in hoppers and fluidisation of material in the Consulting engineer Jan-Dirk Prigge then presented a testing holds of cargo ships. Material arching is a phenomenon that is rig that used pressure sensors in the hopper walls and laser scan- well understood by the industry; in hoppers, material properties ning to get a precise measurement of material arching behaviour. and wall friction can lead to material forming an arch over the The transparent walls allowed for a quick visual inspection of the hopper exit. This stops flow entirely. TUNRA researchers can arching behaviour and the sensors applied to the walls allowed calculate the conditions needed to form an arch so they can design for load distribution measurements. A laser scanning rig also hoppers that will fully discharge material that passes into them. scanned the arch once it formed so that researchers could further Another major issue, material liquefaction, leads material to understand the phenomenon. While the plexiglass walls do not moving around excessively in the cargo holds of transport ships. have the exact friction characteristics of industrial wall lining, This can be sufficiently severe to cause the transport ships to Prigge said that the even friction on both walls still makes it an capsize, leading to the loss of the crew, the ship, and the cargo. In acceptable testing method. Furthermore a compression device 2010 alone, three bulk carriers carrying metal ores were lost within mounted above the hopper allows for simulations of much larger 40 days, resulting in the death of 40 seafarers (See
40 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 COVER S TORY
fA
[ ull
(I-r) P ilot plant investigating the formation of porous plugs of materials during transport, and a testing rig investigating the use of air cannons to dislodge material in loaded hoppers. Protos: Conran Bem
Air c annons provide an option that doesn't endanger lives or contaminate the material. Consulting engineer Dr Isabelle Lecreps-Prigge presented her research into the formation and transport of plugs during pneumatic conveying. She explained that at low gas velocities some materials formed distinct plugs that travelled along a pipe as a wave, picking up some material at the front and depositing a similar amount of material at the back. These were actually beneficial for some materials, like pharmaceuticals and easily crumbled products, because they did not damage the material during transport. In addition, pipe wear is significantly reduced. Dynamics, a nd Laing O'Rourke. Although the accepted wisdom was that moving plugs are Munzenberger explained that the 5t testing rig's purpose is to packed columns that are pushed along the pipe by the existing measure idler rolling resistance and conveyor belt indentation. The pressure gradient, she discovered that the physics were entirely precise arrangement of rollers can be adjusted, and the rollers and misunderstood. This explained why models based on bulk solids the belt changed to see what leads to the lowest energy usage; mechanics would often inexplicably fail to predict plug formation for a large mine, the conveyor system consumes a tremendous and transport behaviour. By catching some plugs during testing, amount of power, so there is a strong drive to minimise power she found that the supposedly solid plugs were in fact porous consumption. A raised section in the middle of the testing rig and the existing prediction procedures lost their validity. Starting contains load cells that measure the pressure of the belt and the from first principles, she was able to calculate the actual physics torque on the rollers. Munzenberger said purpose-made machined surrounding the plugs; her new model based on particle agitation rollers with a very low rolling resistance are used for the test work agreed with further test results. She now continues to investigate and range in size from 75mm diameter up to 220mm diameter. the properties of these moving material plugs to validate her in- Data is gathered across a range of speeds, starting at 0.6m/s and novative prediction procedure. going up to 10m/s. One noteworthy pilot plant was in stark contrast to the otherwise He explained that the reason for the room being thoroughly exposed piping and hoppers of its peers; a sealed white building. sealed is to allow for testing under extreme temperatures. It needs The large sliding door concealing the interior was opened by to be well insulated and well-sealed so that it can be cooled to as consulting engineer Paul Munzenberger to reveal an enormous low as -24°C and as high as 54°C. This is to simulate real-world conveyer belt testing rig. It is a result of an ARC linkage grant conditions that occur in such places as Siberia in the depth of between TUNRA and three companies: Veyance Belting, Conveyor winter and the Pilbara in the height of summer. M
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 41
POLICY
Gender l ooms large in career survey
By A ndre Kaspura
Engineers A ustralia recently released a report on its Survey survey r esponse comprised 9.3% of Engineers Australia's of Working Environment and Engineering Careers, 2012 members who were at least Graduate members and 19.9% (http://goo.gl/Ovv18). Following is a summary of that report. of women members. All Divisions and Colleges were well represented. ustralia's p ersistent shortages of experienced Both men and women engineers are highly Aengineers was brought about by the coincidence of qualified with a large proportion holding post graduate an unprecedented resources boom and a resurgence qualifications in engineering and in other disciplines. The in infrastructure activity. The additional engineers required bulk of employment was in permanent salaried positions could not be supplied from domestic sources and skilled with a minority in casual or contract positions or working migration now provides over 70% of Australias new as owner/operators of businesses. About three-quarters of engineers. Two factors accentuate the supply difficulties; employment was in the private sector with the balance in engineering has remained male dominated, and hence, public sector agencies, departments, utilities or educational domestic recruitment is constrained to half of the institutions. Employment was concentrated in large population, and, once trained, less than two-thirds of organisations, typically with over 500 employees. engineers actually work in engineering, responding instead Engineers undertake a mixture of technical and design to opportunities in other parts of the economy. work and engineering management responsibilities. In Retention of trained personnel in engineering is a younger age groups the balance was skewed towards challenge for both men and women, but is acute for technical and design work with more management women. The issues of improving the retention of women responsibilities becoming evident with age and experience. in engineering and increasing the number of women The survey showed this pattern was common for men and engineers are not independent from the challenge of women and while no statistical differences were evident retaining more men in engineering, particularly those in the two youngest age groups, from the 40s onwards the who came to Australia as skilled migrants. The pressures of engineering skill shortages have improved retention evidence suggested that women engineers were less likely marginally over the last five years, but the pace of to have management responsibilities than men. change is inadequate and the pressure for change is not Men and women engineers have different approaches sustainable. to hours worked. Men are more likely to work long hours It is critical to better understand the issues influencing than women who in turn are more likely to work hours the retention of engineers in engineering and the that conform to the "standard working week". The impact impediments to increasing the number of women in of age on this result was examined and showed it was engineering, as part of a longer term strategy to improve consistent irrespective of age group. the domestic supply of engineers. Long term reliance on Women engineers earn lower salaries than men. In this skilled migration is risky because it assumes continuity of study, the influences of part time versus full time work and supply from other countries, each intent on developing age, as a proxy for experience, were separated. There was their own economies. To this end, in 2012, Engineers no distinction in salaries between men and women aged Australia undertook a comprehensive survey of its 20 to 29 years who worked full time. In part time work, in members to explore the working lives of engineers. The this age group, women earned lower salaries than men. In objective was to identify issues conducive to engineering all other age groups there was strong evidence that women careers and those that were not, with a view to building engineers earned less than men in both full and part time the background necessary for a long term approach. This work. article gives an overview of a report on survey findings. Engineers are potentially mobile individuals with The full report can be accessed at www.engineersaustralia. only about 60% strongly attached to their present jobs org.au/about-us/research-and-reports. in the immediate future and about 25% thinking about Survey participants were members of Engineers a change over the next 12 months. Gender differences Australia and demonstrated more active labour market were confined to women in the 30 to 39 years age group, participation than engineers in general. Employment where there was evidence of a stronger inclination towards was very high and unemployment particularly low. changing jobs than other groups. The reasons why survey Most employment was full time and the prevalence of participants would change jobs in the next 12 months part time work was not high; census statistics show that were predominantly ones related to career advancement. part time work in engineering is only about half the Reasons to do with leaving engineering were at the bottom level in other professions and in turn, among survey of the list and obviously outside of mainstream intentions. participants, part time work was even lower, being about Other research shows that engineering employment is half the level in engineering in the wider economy. The subject to very high year to year variability and suggests
42 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 POLICY
women c ould not be replicated for the 20s and 30s age ‘ T he results formed groups, but a gender difference was found for the 40s and 50s age groups. a pattern of lower Questions about the availability of flexible working arrangements produced very positive results with several satisfaction among women common forms of flexibility broadly available to a engineers compared to men high degree. However, take-up of these opportunities was an entirely different story. The two most common that cannot be ignored and mechanisms used were flexible hours and leave without pay. Other forms of flexibility had very low take-up rates should be further explored. compared to availability. The reluctance to use flexible working arrangements has endured since prior to a 2007 that t he strength of this result in the light of employment survey and is a major point of interest for further work. variability warrants further research. Paid career development opportunities were available Most engineers expressed a high degree of satisfaction to about 70% of survey participants with development with their jobs. When asked their views on 18 different opportunities outside of engineering available to about aspects of their jobs and their overall assessment of it, on two-thirds of participants. These opportunities were more all except a few aspects, the weight of opinion was strongly often than not unavailable when participants were on skewed towards feelings of satisfaction. Issues related to maternity or paternity leave. physical working conditions, freedom to choose work Care of children and other dependents was an methods and working arrangements, levels of responsibility important issue for about one quarter of survey and work variety rated particularly highly. The issues that participants and a large proportion did not have access rated the lowest were common to men and women and to adequate care arrangements other than themselves. were opportunities for promotion and management of Over 81% of women and 74% of men subsequently said workplaces; 24% of men and 28% expressed dissatisfaction that family friendly working environments were at least with promotion opportunities and about 20% expressed important to them. There was strong evidence that women dissatisfaction with how their workplaces were managed. were more inclined to this view at the aggregate level and At aggregate level no gender differences in job in every age group. satisfaction were found. This was also the case for the 20 The survey showed that the vast majority of engineering to 29 years age group. However, strong evidence was found workplaces have supportive, team oriented cultures to support the view that women were less satisfied than conducive to productive working relationships. However, men with key aspects of their jobs, in the 30s, 40s and when questions turned from the general to the specific, 50s age group and for some aspects, the 40s and 50s age it was found that the prevalence of sexual harassment, groups. The issues where differences were found related to discrimination and bullying were at least as high, if not the level of responsibility allocated, opportunities to use higher than benchmark statistics for the wider community. abilities, employee management relations, opportunities Gender was a factor in all three; race, age and being new for promotion, hours of work, office communications and to a job were factors in discrimination and bullying. In the opportunities for continuous staff development. The results case of bullying, "other factors" drew an unusually high formed a pattern of lower satisfaction among women response suggesting broad based attitudinal factors. engineers compared to men that cannot be ignored and This was a survey of Engineers Australia members should be further explored. who are highly committed to engineering. The results Almost three-quarters of survey participants worked to cannot be said to be reflective of qualified individuals formal job descriptions, but only about 60% were of the who have moved away from engineering into other areas opinion that their job description was a fair indication of work or of non-members. Although a large proportion of what they did. Performance appraisal systems were of survey participants were happy in their work, the common and almost half of participants had salaries degree of unhappiness with promotion opportunities and linked to appraisals in some way. Only about one-quarter management of workplaces should be matters of concern. of participants said that clearly written promotion criteria Surveys such as this are useful sources of information, were used by their employer and less than 40% said their but because it was directed at members of Engineers employer offered a well-defined career path. Almost twice Australia, may not be the best basis for broad policy as many survey participants said their employer offered decisions. However, the results are important for career paths outside of engineering. the development of policies and reforms within the The survey found that involvement in organisational organisation. M decision making was not high with under 20% of participants involved in decisions at least most of the time Andre K aspura is a policy analyst for Engineers Australia and 36% of men and 52% of women never participating. These aggregate statistics were statistically different, but statistical difference in the involvement of men and Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 43 The o ther
Shackleton s tory
noted w ith particular interest your osent t him a belated letter that article, "Shackleton's leadership included a number of changes - 100 years on" in the January of plans and failed to define the issue of Engineers Australia. The intended chain of responsibility. epic nature of Shackleton's voyage A different person became master and the amazing rescue of all of his of the Aurora and the only senior expedition members is undoubtedly person with real Antarctic experience an outstanding example of practical was put in charge of the dogs, leadership. sledging and equipment - seemingly Unfortunately this dramatic story, three independent leaders. Only a first becoming known publicly at fraction of the party's complement the height of the First World War and supplies were available and the and being focussed on an already Aurora needed extensive repairs. famous person, almost completely The funds provided were quite overshadowed for another 50 inadequate and the timeline set was years the equally epic story of the not attainable. At the time of leaving, other essential part of the overall Shackleton had not decided whether Shackleton undertaking. he would be starting out for the Pole To enable him to cross Antarctica in early or late 1915 and Mackintosh, via the South Pole without the forced to assume the former, had impossible burden of taking to make sail before he was ready. all essential supplies with him, He reached McMurdo Sound late Shackleton had sent a second ship, and prepared the ship to be iced- the Aurora, to the Ross Sea with a in for the winter as Shackleton had party that was to set up a chain of stipulated, to save the cost of a return food and fuel depots south towards to New Zealand. the Pole for him to pick up after As supplies were being unloaded passing the Pole. Shackleton had the iced-in Aurora was blown away experienced great difficulty in by a blizzard, stranding ten men and raising funds for his project and little else on the ice. They did not ran late with his intended timetable. know whether their ship had sunk. Barely equipping his own part of If it had, no one would be aware of the expedition and his ship, he had their plight. Believing that the fate little money left for the backup party. of Shackleton depended on them, He set off late in the Endurance for they set about using old supplies left the Weddell Sea - before he had behind by Scott years earlier. The seen arrangements for the Ross Sea dog teams had not been adequately Party anywhere near complete, even acclimatised but they were put to though its role was quite vital for his work without delay. Nearly all of the own success. dogs died, leaving the men to do He intended a man named most of the hauling of the sledges. Mackintosh to be in charge but Despite enormous hardship, they EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Dick R ichards in Antartica after his rescue in January 1917, aged 23, and later in life when the principal of the School of Mines, Ballarat, c irca 1957.
established t he required depots as far as 83° south. Battling his f irst-hand version in The Ross Sea Shore Party, 1914-17 the natural hazards of Antarctica, the party also had to in 1962. rely on much used Scott equipment, and on seal meat Any study of leadership in the Shackleton venture and fat for food and fuel. They had to cope with scurvy should examine the role of the Ross Sea component - its while they struggled with the huge physical task of hauling preparation, delegations and actual leadership functions overloaded sledges. Their situation was perilous. Leadership throughout its tragic venture. Perhaps the story as told in a and teamwork were crucial. Three of them died. The history such as The Lost Men by Kelly Tyler-Lewis in 2006 seven castaways then had to survive their second winter would be an appropriate and highly valuable source for in Antarctica not knowing whether Aurora had survived. such study, alongside that of the Weddell Sea saga. Fortunately it had reached New Zealand and eventually returned for them. Jack B arker, FIEAust One of the seven, RW (Dick) Richards, returned to Queenscliff, Vic. Victoria and subsequently became principal of the School of Mines, Ballarat. Outlasting all of his comrades he died at Point Lonsdale in 1985 at the age of 91. He published
Centre f or Engineering Leadership and Management
0 D eveloping and promoting business leadership and management in commercial and public enterprises
ENGINEERS ~ USTRALIA www.engineersaustralia.org.au/celm q A
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 45 EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
«BMWWBEWLQGHQ C ( jk & P
The i conic legacy of Ove Arup rBy D Tim Kannegieter
T h is year marks the 50th anniversary of the start of trust t hat owns it on behalf of the staff. construction o f Sydney's Opera House and also the Bailey said: "The aim of the change was to ensure the opening of Arup's first office in Australia. Arup had company existed for the benefit of all the staff and for started design work on the Opera House in London from society as a whole, which was part of Ove's value set. 1959 and opened its Sydney office on 5 April 1963 as the "The impact was that staff here have an unusual level project moved into its construction phase. of commitment and the company itself is not beholden Fifty years of continuous operation is an impressive to any external stakeholders. It gives us the freedom to record for any company in Australia, let alone a consulting think outside the box and pursue opportunities that are engineering company working in an industry known for interesting to us, in a way that other organisations typically mergers and acquisitions. I interviewed Arup's CEO and do not," he said. "Rather than being driven by the needs of Regional Chair in Australasia, Peter Bailey, to determine shareholders or partners, we are here to serve each other, the secret of the company's longevity. What I discovered our clients and leaving a legacy those that follow us. is the importance of culture and the iconic legacy of Ove "An example of this was the Channel Tunnel Rail Link Arup. (HS1), where Arup self-funded a study of an alternative If e ver a company was northerly route because we saw the potential for urban defined by a single project, renewal through East London and the area that became it is Arup. The Sydney the Olympic precinct. For something we really believe in Opera House has become we will go after it quite passionately." an iconic symbol of how Bailey said Arup attracts a different kind of employee. engineering can enable "The people we employ are those that are attracted to visionary architecture. The doing the most interesting and challenging jobs, people project placed Arup on who are driven not just by commercial goals but by a the global map of great rewarding and fulfilling career." engineering firms, but An important factor in Arup's longevity is a self- more important for the perpetuating cycle of success that started with the Opera firm was a decision around House and has continued with a string of other iconic the same time by founder projects from the Pompidou Centre in Paris to Marina Bay Ove Arup and his partners. Sands in Singapore. In 1977, they changed Baily said: "Our iconic projects attract people who EOArup C Peter Bailey ... "There the structure of the 22 aspire to do similar projects. This ultimately leads to more is a real culture of wanting to Company from a traditional great projects, which again attract more good people." leave the firm a better place." partnership model to a This cycle of success is nowhere more apparent than in
46 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Pictured l eft: The start of construction at the Opera House coincided with the opening of Arup's first office in Australia.
Pictured r ight from top to bottom: Other Arup projects in Australia include AAMI Park in Victoria, Perth International Airport and Adelaide Oval
the w ork that Arup has done on various Olympic projects. "Designing the Water Cube and the Birds Nest Stadium at the Beijing Olympics really put us on the map in that country and helped grow China on the world stage. "We have now won work for the Brazil Olympics, ‘‘ C ulture eats strategy for breakfast. S iak 900 R including t he Velodrome and some other facilities." At the end of the day the longevity of Arup can be put wanting t o leave the firm a better place. They are driven to down to culture. pass on what they know to inspire the newer members of Bailey said: "Early on, Ove Arup ruled the organisation the firm to the highest possible level. They really want to with an iron fist - he pushed for the best possible quality, see the people coming behind them to succeed." never accepting second rate. That culture was in place Arup recognises staff who excel and drive this culture before the Opera House project and helped us win that as Arup Fellows. work. From day one for all new employees, it is driven "These fellows are given free rein to innovate, share into them to strive for something a bit different, to take knowledge or mentor others - whatever they feel leaves a fresh approaches to age old challenges." legacy," Bailey said. Ove Arup also deeply believed in the importance of "I recently heard a Harvard professor saying that enjoying work and considering the needs of society. 'culture eats strategy for breakfast. If you were to pinpoint "Ove was very much ahead of his time in thinking the centre of Arup's success, it would be creating the right about work-life balance. He emphasised that people should culture for people to succeed - to follow their passion and have consideration for others and society. When you work achieve what they want. If you get the culture right the rest in an environment where you think of others first, it really will take care of itself. All of Arup's leaders since Ove have does create a communal atmosphere." recognised that." M An important consideration of culture is the change to ownership structure and Ove Arup's desire to leave a Arup r ecently assisted the Sydney Opera House and the ABC legacy has really embedded the above culture in the firm. compile an interactive online documentary of the Opera at "There is a real culture, especially at the senior levels, of
EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Lessons f rom the Lend Lease
crane f ire by G eoffrey Stackhouse
‘‘ I f i t bleeds, it leads" is a great More i mportantly, it seems bizarre rulef o thumb if you are that UTS would walk into this crisis wondering if your crisis will instead of leaving it to Lend Lease attract media attention. to handle. It's a bit late given the A flaming crane atop a city international exposure but they are building is the mechanical equivalent now ducking for cover by declining to of a bloodbath, so it's a no brainer provide a spokesperson. that it will grab headlines. But what By day two Lend Lease CEO Steve those headlines are, and how the McCann finally fronted the media, story is reported, is really up to how but it was too little and too late. They well you communicate during your had already lost control of the court crisis. of public opinion which had it pegged When a Lend Lease branded as a safety issue due to lack of proper crane caught fire at the University maintenance on the crane. of Technology Sydney recently the And instead of passionate assurances construction giant was conspicuously about safety and reassurances about absent. Because Lend Lease vacated the actions he was taking to ensure all the premises others leapt in to fill cranes were safe, McCann indirectly the void and use the incident to criticised the union and his delivery drive their own agenda. seemed more belligerent than solution The most vocal commentator was focussed. the Construction Forestry Mining We will be using this case study and Energy Union, claiming it in our crisis training programs from had warned Lend Lease the crane Geoffrey S tackhouse outlines the impact of a now on highlighting at least three key needed maintenance. Spokesperson well-crafted apology to minimise reputational principles: Brian Parker did an excellent job damage arising from a business crisis. 1. Fill the information void - tell the speculating on how catastrophic truth, tell it early and tell it often: Make the incident could have been and branding it a safety and your highly skilled spokespeople available for comment maintenance issue just waiting to happen. and never, ever leave others to speak for you. If you don't Now, media would have included footage of a Lend comment you can't influence how it's reported. Lease mouthpiece giving their side of the story, but they 2. Equip your spokespeople with great communication couldn't. Lend Lease only gave a written statement with skills: The union's Brian Parker came across strong, the usual platitudes about safety. passionate and authentic which made him credible and got Without vision of someone speaking, reporters couldn't him the most airtime. give them airtime beyond a passing reference in the 3. Focus on actions and success and never play the lead. And since a written statement is always emotionally blame game: Show us you are working to fix the problem, barren, the networks had to give more space to the give us reasons to trust you. Above all use your 60 seconds passionate union official. to tell us your side of the story and back it up with This set a pattern which was picked up by the next day's evidence rather than slinging mud. print media, which again focussed on safety issues. This If Lend Lease or UTS had apologised to the people of was exacerbated by the international media's linking the Sydney for the inconvenience this incident caused it would UTS fire to the Lend Lease crane collapse in New York have been a really smart move. It would not have been an City during hurricane Sandy, subtly implying a pattern. admission of liability no matter what your lawyer tells you. M Curiously UTS stepped up to the plate and fielded a very dry deputy vice-chancellor Peter Booth who played Geoffrey S tackhouse is the managing director of Clarity a predictable line about everyone being safe. But both his Solutions, a company specialising in business communications. delivery and weak content failed to cut through making the exercise fairly pointless.
48 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Environmental i nsurance by A nthony Saunders
I d entifying potential environmental liabilities is critical in at r isk if they do not consider the potential for litigation as a the p rocess of risk mitigation for engineering projects. result of failing to account for potential externalities, such as Project owners need to accurately assess potential environmental damage. environmental damage and ways of mitigating the chance Where companies choose a "self-insurance" approach, of their occurrence, in order to determine if they are asset defined as acting in the same capacity as if you were the rich enough to financially accept the risk of any potential insurer, then a business must be accountable and account environmental impact or if they should arrange to offset the for potential externalities, and they can do this through potential liability with insurance. integrated reporting. A key element of the environmental insurance process Dealing with environmental liabilities through financial is identification of the investment necessary to exact indemnities or hold backs of the purchase price in an escrow precautionary measures to protect the environment. Using account is commonly contemplated but these do not: the example of the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the 1. Create an escrow to a level equivalent to a maximum US, had environmental liability insurance been in place liability of environmental damage or; the incident may never have occurred, due to insurance 2. Deal with the risk adjusted environmental damage requirements for more robust risk protection measures. (RAED). Apart from preventative measures, remediation is Integrated reporting incorporates RAED where the cost of another key focus of environmental insurance. In insurance the environmental damage is multiplied by the probability terminology remediation is defined as "reinstatement subject of likelihood. Without environmental insurance, 100% of to commercial consideration to limit the amount an entity the RAED will need to be anticipated and reserved with would need to invest within their legal bounds". no discount for the probability applying to uncertain The word remediation suggests that the influence catastrophe. This is because without environmental of pollution will slowly attenuate, compromising the insurance, if the chance of occurrence is 10% it will still extent to which reinstatement may be exercised, whereas have to be 100% available. reinstatement means to return the environment back to the In comparison, environmental insurance can robustly way it was prior to the incident happening. cover the RAED in the form of an insurance premium that However, due to the difficulty in cleaning up toxic is insignificant compared to a fully funded indemnity or spills and waste, the process can be complex and in some escrow hold back of the sales price. communities the clean-up can take scores of years. It has As the nature of environmental liabilities has become been revealed that the Gulf of Mexico could take three more clear and quantifiable, environmental insurance has lifetimes to recover. In terms of environmental insurance evolved to provide valuable protection at reasonable cost. it is important that resilience levels relating to the speed of However, the sector is still in its infancy. For many, it's not ecosystem r ecovery are determined for a worst-case scenario. the cost of environmental insurance that is the stumbling Depending a lso on the environmental laws that prevail block, it's the precautionary measures the insurance requires. in a jurisdiction, remediation techniques will also vary Engineers are thus well positioned to positively influence according to the resilience of ecosystems affected. A simple environmental outcomes. M internet search on the Ok Tedi mine in Papua New Guinea reveals the different standards that are applied. Anthony S aunders of EnviroSure is an insurance broker who Apart from playing a role in assisting project owners specialises in the identification of environmental liabilities. estimate the risks and insurance required, engineers are also
_Changes t o CELM board
r B ronwyn Evans, chair of the Centre for CELM's a ims." David Hudson FIEAust, a long standing D Engineering Leadership and Management member of the CELM board, has retired from the board (CELM) board, has announced the appointment after six years of service. of two new board members - Chris Fitzhardinge "Throughout the last six years, David has been an FIEAust CPEng and David Singleton HonFIEAust active member and a very positive contributor to the CPEng. Evans said: "Both Chris and David are eminent board," Evans said. "David's contribution will be missed business leaders and bring a wealth of skills and and on behalf of the board, I wish him well and thank experience to the board. The other board members him." W are looking forward to working with them to further
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 49 EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Atn a Engineers Australia (Central West NSW Group) meeting in Orange last
November, David Smith, a project manager at Cowra Council, addressed some
issuese h had with interpreting what the new Workplace Health and Saftety Act
defines as due diligence. Following is an article that builds on that presentation.
The n ine shades of due
diligence i n WHS
by D avid Smith
eT h new Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) e- a r equirement that "officers" Act d efines due diligence through at least nine exercise "due diligence" to requirements as defined within the six sub-clauses ensure "compliance" of Section 27 Clause 5. In this article I propose a project +_ "workers" who must comply management approach that provides a practicable approach with reasonable directions to achieving compliance. I have a "precautionary" view and instructions that a middle manager cannot avoid the need to ensure his + in deeming a person to be organisation fully complies with the new WHS Act and has a worker, the intention is a duty to show reasonable care. not to exclude that person I have a "test" question that I ask when confronted from also having duties as with a WHS Act compliance decision: "Can the proposed another class of duty holder, action be satisfactorily explained to, and defended before, such as an officer (see WHS say a WorkCover investigator, lawyers representing an David S mith proposes Act Section 15) injured person, a coroner or judge and jury?" This means a project management + strict liability offences that I must have an understanding of the law and so it approach t o WHS arise f or reasons such as was imperative that I read the act. In so doing I quickly compliance. public safety, and the public found myself on a path to discovering what is now put interest in a context where forward in this paper and to determine my own individual a defendant can reasonably be expected, because interpretation which derives from project management of his or her professional involvement, to know the principles. requirements of the law, and the mental, or fault, element can justifiably be excluded. What t he WHS Act and the authorities say The rationale behind the bill is that "people who have In c ompliance with the WHS Act, an officer of any work safety duties such as employers, persons in control of organisation has a duty to exercise due diligence for any aspects of work and designers and manufacturers of work "work" or "project', especially for the following definitions: structures and products, as opposed to members of the & construction projects where construction work is general public, can be expected to be aware of their duties >$250,000 (see Regulations Sections 292 and 296) and obligations to workers and the wider public. < high risk construction work (see Regulations Section Safe Work Australia said: "A person may be considered 291) including on roads, near water, powered mobile to participate in the making of decisions where they plant, trenches >1.5m, falls >2m, etc have an ongoing or repeated involvement in the process * structures (see Regulations Section 290) including through which decisions are made." roads, paths, sewer or drainage works etc. The draft code of practice (Sept 2011) Managing Risks The WHS Bill (2011) Explanatory Memorandum, as in Construction Work includes the statement: "A person explained to parliament in support of the proposed act, conducting a business or undertaking who commissions identifies the clear intent that there are to be harmonised construction work or a construction project is often state WHS laws Australia-wide with: referred to as a 'client. There may be other persons e duties of care for persons who influence the way work who represent a client, for example, project managers, is carried out construction managers, architects or engineers who may
50 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
coordinate t he commissioning work on the client's behalf." exercise d ue diligence including taking reasonable steps to The NSW WorkCover Authority web-page states: comply with the requirements of these six sub-clauses. But "Where the officer relies on the expertise of a manager or there is a trap - these "six reasonable steps" are a disguise other person, that reliance must be reasonable and their for what this paper identifies as the "nine shades of due expertise must be verified." diligence" as depicted in Figure 1. In a Facility Management magazine article, Holding There is a problem, however, in distilling a clear set Redlich partner Michael Sellinger said: "The new laws of procedures from these six clauses. Their wording is have introduced an added level of risk by imposing difficult to comprehend at first and open to interpretation. personal responsibility on all 'officers, noting this may This paper is an attempt to apply some technical rigour extend down to key operational managers who have to their interpretation and it draws from standard project significant control over a particular facility." management practice. With this interpretation there are Do the above statements implicate all "project and four requirements to "understand" (as per the right hand operational line managers?" I think so. side of the diagram) and there are five requirements to What about any middle managers who have been "respond" (as per the left hand side of the diagram). involved in any way in authoring or amending and Section 27 Clause (5) Sub-clause (b) contains a very implementing (after appropriate consultation with both broad requirement to both "gain an understanding" of officers and workers) the WHS policies, procedures and the "nature of the operations of the business" as well as of the "general hazards systems documentation of a p erson conducting a and r isks", This clause business or undertaking AS 3 1000 - Risk may derive directly Management from Australian (PCBU)? I think they 4 - Framework would be seen, in any Standard 31000:2009 legal questioning, to Risk management have been directly (a) Section 4 Framework K nowledge of implicated. WHS which states: "Before (f) The author's personal C an verify (b) starting t he design Naturef o Work (c), (d) interpretation of the operations B reakdown and implementation and (e) above quotations is that Structures of the framework for managing risk, it is any middle manager Understand or supervisor, whether important to evaluate (c) (e) and understand both titled project manager, Has c ompliance Work engineer, architect, processes Due carried out the eXternal and contract superintendent Dolo internal context of the or otherwise, is I Igence organisation ..." Here, implicated a nd must the s tandard discusses comply unreservedly. (d) (c2) the higher level, senior Otherwise, how will they I n a (Task) h azards management approach timely way Respond respond to the coroner and risks to understanding when asked: "Why is v the organisation, integration into it that, even though (c3) \ organisational you were the person in H as resources AS 3 1000 - Risk charge of the workplace Management p rocesses, internal at that time and you 5 - Process and external knew t he procedures, communications Figure 1 : The nine shades of due diligence. you failed to follow mechanisms, continual them?" improvement, What does it matter whether under the act you will be implementation, m onitoring and review of the framework labelled an officer or worker - other than the size of the for managing risk. criminal law fine that you might personally invoke? I say, A typical organisation will have higher level documents it is better to be prepared and prevention is better than that apply here, including organisation-wide WHS and cure. So, just do it! That is, just do the paper work. This is risk management policies, as well as standard operating what I mean by "taking a precautionary approach'. procedures for each operations (line) manager and project management plans for project managers delivering a Taking a p recautionary approach to due diligence capital works program. They often only define a project at If a l awyer is challenging your role in an incident, it could higher level activity descriptions, ie earth works, building well come down to challenging why you did not comply work etc, which are not generally trade specific. These with an aspect of the WHS Act at Section 27 Clause 5 organisational activities are listed on the right hand side of Sub-clauses (a) to (f). The act states that an officer must Figure 2.
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 51
EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Section7 2 Clause (5) Sub-clause (c) contains a trap definedy b both activity and task (eg trade specific) for officers and middle managers as it appears to house information. four separate requirements, not just one. It specifically 2. Only after the WBS has been established is it possible addresses the "work carried out as part of the business". to conduct a detailed risk assessment with task hazards This is interpreted as consistent with Australian Standard and risks identified. 31000:2009 Risk management Section 5 Process, being 3. After this, compile a safe work method statement for a requirement more detailed than in Sub-clause (b) each task. discussed above. If an organisation has, and uses (ie documents) systems The author's interpretation of Section 27 Clause (5) similar to, or better than, those indicated on the right hand Sub-clause (c) is that it requires: side of Figure 2, then any officer, manager or supervisor 1. An understanding of the "parts of the work" carried out in that PCBU should be comfortable that he/she could (separate from "general business operations"). successfully defend themselves and their organisation 2. An understanding of how to eliminate or minimise under inquiry. (hazards and) risks of the "parts of the work". 3. A response that ensures the availability of appropriate Further d uties resources, and uses them. TheHS W Act at Sections 20 to 26 imposes seven further duties on the organisation WHS A ct Section 27 and Figure 3 is an attempt to Organisational a ctivities Clause 5 correlate roles deriving from Sub-Clause (a) "acquire" = i nitial training standard project management Knowledge o f Work, "keep up to date" = refresher course practice with these further Health & Safety Sub-Clause ( b) WHS P olicy sduties a very specifically Nature of operations - Risk M anagement Framework defined in the act. A perplexing "generally" UNDERSTAND Standard Operating Procedures faspect o these further duties is Project M anagement Plan Sub-Clause ( c1) that f our have been specifically Work Breakdown Structure Work carried out - "of parts" labelled - namely designers (by Activity & Task) prior to Sub-Clause ( c2) Risk A ssessment (Section 22), manufacturers Hazards & risks - "of parts" (Task hazards & risks identified) (Section 23), importers (Section 24) and suppliers (Section Sub-Clause ( c3) Annual S taff Review Has resources Weekly Managers Meeting 25). These four have all been
Sub-Clause ( c4) Safe W ork Method Statements assigned a "task delivery role" in Has processes (a SWMS for each Task) Figure 3 at Level 4b - the lowest
"receiving" = " reporting up" - monthly level of responsibility. Sub-Clause ( d) "considering" = Safety Committee - monthly In a timely way The other three "further Tool box talks = daily duties" roles defined in the Sub-Clause ( e) "has" = u se templates WHS Act have been classified in Has compliance processes "implements" = task sign offs Figure 3 h igher up the reporting Sub-Clause ( f) Monthly " reporting up" on safety Can verify (c), (d), Daily inspection - "walk the talk" and controlling chain. It is the & (e) above Internal audit program author's interpretation that they :Figure 2 Some organisational activities that correlate with Section 27 Clause (5) Sub-clause (a) to generally r efer to the middle (f) r equirements. management and supervisory roles that are the focus of this paper as follows: 4. A r esponse that ensures the availability of appropriate < Project manager (Integrator) role - WHS Act Section processes, and uses them. 20: Persons with management or control of a workplace. These four steps may be correlated with some of the steps &_ Line manager (Operational) role - WHS Act Section 21: most modern organisations with a project management Persons with management or control of fixtures, fittings system will already be taking in operating their business. or plant. Figure 2 is a simple diagrammatic representation of e Principal contractor, engineer, architect (activity this correlation. The requirements of each of the six sub- coordinator) role - WHS Act Section 26: Persons that clauses (a) to (f) within Section 27 Clause (5) are matched install, construct or commission plant or structures. with standard organisational activities. Anyone who considers there is a possibility that they The finding that Sub-clause (c) appears to house four qualify for one of these roles should read, and re-read, the separate requirements is based on lower level project WHS Act as, if they are implicated, they will have many management standard methodology principles as follows: other aspects to consider under the act. This paper does 1. Define the work breakdown structure (WBS). This is not purport to address a full response to the WHS Act. fundamental to project planning and resourcing. It is
52 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
Controlling a nd reporting levels and a uditing safety arrangements; and ensuring the PCBU has identified gaps and provided detailed reports to the The l evels in the organisational activity descriptions in board on actions taken to address safety issues." Figure 2 and project management model as depicted Has your organisation reported to the Board (or simplistically in Figure 3 serve to clarify the due diligence Council etc) in compliance with this requirement? task and then highlight the last and probably most difficult In a Facility Management magazine article, Australian task to achieve - "verification" as identified in Section Industry Group manager of national safety, workers 27 Clause 5 Sub-clause (f). The AS3905 Quality System compensation policy and membership services Tracey Guidelines define verification: "Confirmation, through the Browne said: "If you were managing contractors effectively provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements under pre-harmonised laws, it is highly likely that you have been fulfilled." will be meeting your obligations under the WHS Act. If, The Figure 3 "control" levels are consistent with the however, you are concerned about the requirements ... it best practice approach developed by the UK Office of is essential that you review your arrangements to ensure Government Commerce in its PRINCE model - Projects compliance." IN Controlled Environments. They represent the instruction issuing, top-down control hierarchy starting from PCBU (Corporate/Program - Level 1) to director/officer ( Direction - Level 2) to manager Level C ouncil as Entity - (Management - Level 3) and then to principal Corporate / III PCBU contractor/engineer/architect (Delivery - Level 4). P rogram s.5 - P erson conducting business or undertaking. They also represent the bottom-up reporting-to layers t hat will deliver the "verification" required by the act up to PCBU board (or Council etc) Portfolio M anager / Steering Committee - Level DIRECTOR level. This upwards reporting is the "just do it" s.27 - O fficer paperwork for middle managers referred to earlier s.252 - Participates in making decisions affecting the whole, or a substantial part, of a business ... or a public authority. in the paper. The act makes it mandatory for someone i n every organisation to be preparing reports to their board as verification of full Project I ntegration role - Level PROJECT MANAGER implementation of a work health and safety s.20 - Persons with management or control system - anything less than this will leave middle of workplace managers, officers and their organisation prone to W Operations role - being found both personally and corporately liable Level LINE MANAGER if there is an incident. Since the act (Section 46) s.21 - Persons with management or control states there is a duty for all workers to consult, of fixtures, fittings or plant. cooperate a nd coordinate activities with other duty holders, there is no out-clause. This may Activity Co-ordination role - require a paradigm shift within the management Level PRINCIPAL CONTRACTOR, ENGINEER, ARCHITECT practices of some organisations. It will not raise any eyebrows, however, if the $.26 - I nstallation, construction and c ommissioning persons. organisation has an effective quality management system (QMS). This is because a proper and } Level -[ Task Delivery role - effective QMS has the necessary sign-offs at s.25 - Suppliers s.23 - M anufacturers completion of each "task", cascading upwards s.24 - Importers s.22 - Designers through the Figure 3 levels that define each "activity" a nd/or "area of work" and ultimately Figure: 3 Correlation of WHS Act terms with project management levels for "whole of project" information as required at controlling and reporting. PCBU board (or Council etc) level. Organisational templates for such a system should be able to be suitably adjusted with minimal additional effort to include To c onclude, it should be remembered that this law for "safety". Perhaps it will bring about a change from only with its apparently onerous requirements to significantly judging a project to have been successful if it is delivered increase paperwork is only a means to an end - which is "on time and within budget" to including in press releases to ensure everything practicable is done to ensure safety in such keywords as "safely" or perhaps "incident free". the workplace - such that everyone goes home healthy at The NSW WorkCover Authority web-page states: "An the end of the day. MW officer must verify the PCBU has implemented the work health and safety system and is legally compliant. This David S mith is a project manager at Cowra Council in NSW. includes ensuring board reports include relevant WHS information; ensuring adequate resources and safety processes are in place and being used; actively verifying
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 53 EXECUTIVE E NGINEER
BIM - w hat contracts
should i nclude by N ick Crennan and Lindsay Prehn
I n c onstruction projects using building information ForIM a B to be effective it modelling ( BIM), everyone needs to agree on the requires each project participant Nick C rennan rights and obligations of all stakeholders before starting to share all design information the project. Key factors to consider are time and cost, openly. Including a project- collaboration and data input management, insurance, specific confidentiality agreement intellectual property, and confidentiality. at tender stage would go a long The Australian Institute of Architects and Consult way to ensuring open discourse Australia recently identified intellectual property, by all parties from the outset professional indemnity insurance, stakeholders' of the project, while protecting responsibilities, encouraging cooperation and "no blame" against the dissemination of as the key areas of concern when considering legal issues sensitive design information. associated with BIM. The success of a BIM is Given the collaborative nature of BIM, it is these issues arguably dependent on the which need to be most closely managed when starting a efficient management of input project incorporating BIM so as to ensure that the risks into the BIM by each stakeholder, are appropriately allocated and the rights of the parties and the identification of design Lindsay P rehn to use the intellectual property included in that BIM are clashes and inaccuracies. effectively managed. Being the person responsible for managing that The construction industry has been characterised by a process carries significant risk and the parties should quasi-military command and control structure, dating back carefully consider whether that BIM manager should to Roman times. We conducted an investigation among be a representative of a particular project party or an our clients, asking whether the collaborative nature of BIM independent project manager. would sit easily with that kind of structure. Anecdotal Another key consideration for BIM is insurance. material suggests a mixed response. Whether as a design consultant or contractor, you may be Some clients insisted that collaborative contract formats exposed to claims for defects in a design incorporated in such as integrated project development, lean construction, the BIM which your current insurance arrangements may alliancing, or even NEC3, are essential and got the best not cover. Similarly, whoever is managing the BIM should out of BIM. Others suggest that the very dispersed nature also have appropriate professional indemnity insurance. of responsibility encouraged by BIM demands a strict After investing significant resources into the development traditional hard dollar contract. of a BIM, any potential loss of design or documentation As BIMs are often jointly built by a number of different should be covered for all parties involved. parties across the lifecycle of a project, it is essential before There are also a number of contractual considerations. embarking on a project using a BIM that the following Should the dates and activities in the BIM take precedence issues are considered and agreed by the parties, and over those in a wider contract program? Where possible, incorporated into the appropriate legal instrument: the BIM should be backed down into the contract Who owns the BIM? Is it the ultimate end user of the program. Should specific activities in a BIM constitute a BIM? Does the owner of the building retain the BIM for direction? For example, where a design consultant who is the purposes of facilities management? Or does each party not novated to the principal contractor inserts an amended retain ownership of their own contribution and grant a design into the BIM, is that principal contractor bound to project-specific licence? comply with that amended design? What are the authorised uses of the BIM? Is it project- To ensure that the benefits of BIM's collaborative specific or can the ultimate owner take the information approach are not wasted, the parties to a project need and use it on other projects? first to agree on the rights and obligations of all BIM When does a party's involvement in the BIM stakeholders to ensure efficiency and to avoid disputes. M cease? As the BIM develops from a design model to a construction model, when do the parties cease to have Partner N ick Crennan and senior associate Lindsay Prehn work for involvement in, and rights to protection of the design, in Colin Biggers & Paisley. the BIM?
54 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
YOUNG E NGINEERS
Confessions o f a young professional byr D Andrew Botros
I n 2 006, soon after turning 27, Engineers Australia chose until a s mall auditory nerve response was detected. The mes a its national Young Professional Engineer of the algorithm would then immediately stop before loud levels Year. Now that years have passed, it's time to make a were presented to the patient. This freed the patient from confession: I've often felt uneasy about the "professional" having to specify what a loud level was, but the software bit and dropped it from the title. Truth be told, had to be sensitive enough to detect small, noisy signals. professionalism sometimes worries me. At the time, nobody in the industry worked with small Let me be clear, I'm all for engineering excellence. I've auditory nerve signals, and they were routinely discarded. completed four engineering degrees at UNSW (a total At 24, I had a unique mix of training and experience of 21 semesters - they should throw me a party) and I at the time: I was a graduate of biomedical engineering, take great pleasure in the capacity and competence of a masters student majoring in artificial intelligence, and the engineers around me. No, it's not about ability. My I had a history of building complex models in music discomfort with professionalism is that it acoustics while an undergraduate. can be overly concerned with exclusion. That background allowed me to detect One of the most important engineering and analyse small auditory nerve decisions of my career came when I was signals with high accuracy. 24, working at Cochlear. I was sent to The resulting software, AutoNRT, work at its Belgium R&D centre for a few has been in commercial use since weeks. Engineers across the company were 2005 on PCs. In 2009, my colleague under pressure to produce the company's Rami Banna and his fellow engineers fourth cochlear implant system. implemented AutoNRT on a handheld I had spent less than two years as wireless device. Surgeons can see a graduate and was assigned to work responses from the auditory nerve at with clinical scientists on an ambitious the press of a button, with no cables new project, unsupervised by any other or other equipment needed during engineer. For almost a decade, expert implantation. The procedure takes Dr A ndrew Botros about a minute, more than an order of clinicians had been analysing electric magnitude faster than a decade ago. waveforms from the auditory nerve by My simple point about professionalism is this: in eye, based on their clinical experience, and using the data legislation-backed jurisdictions that are inflexible about to configure and monitor implants. The goal then was to what constitutes engineering training and experience, it create an automated system to replace this expert function. would have been illegal for me to do the work I did. And If successful, clinical expertise would be relinquished to a yet I was uniquely skilled and placed to create AutoNRT. machine for the first time in the cochlear implant industry. My only fault was my youth. When I arrived, I found half a solution in place. Their Engineering is notoriously difficult to define. Design design was automated for clinicians but not automated for insights that are critical to engineering success, whether patients. Before the software could do its work, patients they be spherical solutions for Opera House shells or had to specify a loud level of electrical stimulus they could smartphones with non-physical keypads, can come from accept, and after that point, the clinician would press a professionals and non-professionals alike. I've spanned button and the software would run through stimuli in many boundaries in my engineering life, working with descending order of loudness, beginning at the loud level. computer scientists, social scientists, audiologists and Loud stimulus levels were desirable because they gave the musicians. Currently, I teach engineers to communicate largest and clearest waveforms from the auditory nerve. with clarity, so that non-engineers in their respective This descending procedure was worldwide practice at the organisations can buy into their creativity and innovation. time. Engineering excellence depends on the integration of But there were problems. Firstly, what about young diverse sources of knowledge. Engineering excellence also children? They can't really tell you much about loudness. depends on the creativity and fresh knowledge of young And adults? They found the procedure slow and tiresome engineers. Professionalism is important of course, but as they repeatedly gave loudness assessments. When these sources won't always tick all the professional boxes. used in operating theatres, the procedure would hold up So tread carefully: we take great benefit from keeping our surgeries and disappoint hospital staff. doors open. M Instead of employing a descending procedure, I proposed an ascending procedure. The software would Dr A ndrew Botros is the director of Expressive Engineering, begin at soft levels and gradually increase its stimulus specialising in human communication and statistics.
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 55
THE E NGINEER'S
EBOOKS ENGINEERS BOOKSHOP A USTRALIA
Structural A nalysis Practical G uide to Scientific W riting = Thinking in Words RC H IBBELER Engineering and DAVID LINDSAY $109.09 + GST = $120 $27.23 + GST = $29.95 2011 9789810687137 695pp Construction Contracts 2011 9780643100466 122pp This is a clear and thorough PHILIP L OOTS, Telling people about research presentation to the theory and DONALD CHARRETT is as important as doing it, but application of structural analysis as $86.36 + GST = $95 many researchers are afraid of it is applied to trusses, beams and 2009 9781921593529 458pp writing. This Australian book frames. Emphasis is placed on developing your ability This concise, practical guide to has been written to expose the to both model and analyse a structure, and to provide the law relating to construction phantoms they fear as largely realistic applications encountered in professional contracts in Australia is intended for users who work smoke and mirrors. It replaces practice. The classical methods provide a means of at the "coal face" negotiating and administering them with principles that make checking computer results rather than simply relying construction contracts, but does not assume any prior communicating research easier on the generated output. 8th edition. formal knowledge of the law of contracts. It aims and encourages researchers to write confidently by to help you understand the risks involved and how concentrating on the structure of articles rather than Diagnosing S tructural to minimise them. The authors are an international simply on grammar and syntax. Movement i n Buildings construction lawyer and a barrister practising in building and engineering disputes. Functional S afety for the Mining MALCOLM H OLLAND $50 + GST = $55 International C onstruction Industry and Machinery Based 2012 9780470659106 220pp Industries Providing a methodology by which Contracts: A H andbook MARCUS P UNCH cracks and movements in buildings WILLIAM G OODWIN $77.27 + GST = $85 $80 + GST = $88 can be diagnosed, this book has 2013 9780980766028 232pp been written in four parts. Part one 2013 9780470655726 222pp The relevant parts of the functional describes the key principles of movement and cracking. The concise and practical guidance safety and machinery safety Parts two and three describe the main features of to those involved in negotiating standards are brought together to common forms of movement and the associated and managing international provide a straightforward, stand- cracking patterns. Part two covers other than ground or construction and engineering alone guideline for application of foundation movement and part three covers movement contracts sets out in clear, functional safety in the mining caused by ground or foundations problems. Part four straightforward language the main and machinery-based industries. This Australian book briefly describes the techniques used to arrest further features of construction contracts aims to help you make lasting improvements in the movement or repair damage caused by movement. and international dispute resolution procedures. Many functional safety of plant and machinery. of the features discussed are illustrated by reference to Pavement R ecycling the popular FIDIC contracts. Published by the Chartered Open P it Mine Planning and Design Institute of Building of the UK. and Stabilisation Guide W A HUSTRULID, MARK KUCHTA, $40ST + G = $44 Hydraulic F ill Manual RANDALL MARTIN 2011 AS2011 142pp PAVEMENT $159.09 + GST= $175 R ECYCLING AND ED: JAN VAN 'T HOFF, STABILISATION 2013 9781466575127 1500pp This Australian guide is prepared GUIDE A N VAN DER KOLFF as a practical outline for $172.73 + GST = $190 This is a 2-volume set plus CD-ROM designers, engineers and civil 2012 9780415698443 642pp designed for courses in surface construction staff in the design Written by noted experts, this mine design, open pit mine design, geological excavation engineering, and construction of stabilised guide takes you through the and advanced open pit mine pavements. It explains the complex development of a planning and design. It is also a following process of stabilisation: hydraulic fill project. Chapters design, construction, types include Project initiation, Data collection, Dredging practical reference guide. Volume of stabilisation, binders, testing, quality control, equipment, Selection borrow area, Planning one covers fundamental concepts involved in planning and designing open pit mines. sustainability advantages. It is published by The and construction methods reclamation, Ground Pavement Recycling and Stabilisation Association, improvement, Design of reclamation area, Special Volume two deals with a CSMine software package. 3rd edition. AustStab, in consultation with Austroads. fill materials and problematic subsoils, Other design items, Monitoring and Quality control, and Technical Designf o Highway Bridges Engibear's D ream specifications. RICHARD BARKER, JAY PUCKETT ANDREW KING ENGTIBEARS $168.18 + GST = $185 Civil E ngineering Formulas $22.68 + GST = $24.95 PREam 2013 9780470900666 544pp 2012 9781921928901 32pp y TYLER H ICKS Detailed coverage of engineering HIGHWAY $54.50 + GST = $59.95 $3.30 postage within Australia basics for the design of short- and B RIDGES 2010 9780071614696 395pp CIVIL Meet Engibear, an engineer medium-span bridges is provided Fully updated and packed with E NGINEERING who dreams of designs and in the updated 5th edition of more than 50 new formulas, starts building a Bearbot to this guide. Features of the book the 2nd edition offers single help him at work. Engibear include expanded coverage of compilation of all essential runs an engineering company computer modelling, calibration civil engineering formulas and which undertakes all types of engineering work in an of service limit states, rigid system equations in one easy-to-use Australian town with facilities typical of an Australian analysis and concrete shear; reference. Practical accurate city. From this basis we can enjoy stories and play information on key bridge types, selection principles data is arranged for maximum games based on all sorts of engineering projects. and aesthetic issues; dozens of worked problems that convenience and by following Engineers Australia supports the publication of this allow techniques to be applied to real-world problems the calculation procedures you will get precise results book, aimed at children aged 3 to 8. and design specifications. 3rd edition. with minimum time and effort. Each chapter is a quick This book is our best seller and is proving extraordinarily reference to a well-defined topic. popular with children.
_ n a 1
2012 S ALARY & Represents t he remuneration of 383 companies and 130,000 engineers BENEFITS SURVEY
Salary r esults segmented by discipline, grade and state
Details e mployee benefits, working hours, leave entitlements and more!
Electronic V ersion: $40 + GST = $44 (EA members) | $56 + GST = $61.60 (non-members)
Print Version: $60 + GST = $66 (EA members) | $68 + GST = $74.80 (non-members)
GOOD R EADING MANAGEMENT
A F lying Life Real I nfluence
DAVID CROTTY MARK C OULSTON, JOHN ULLMEN $27.23 + GST = $29.95 $27.23 + GST = $29.95 RI 2010 9780980619034 170pp 2012 9780814420157 258pp \ (
At Spring Plains, Victoria on 16 July 1910, John Duigan flew Real influence is about forging strong connections by focusing his aeroplane 20 feet into the air - a significant moment in on other people's viewpoints, by giving before asking for Australian history. Duigan built and successfully flew the first anything, and always striving for win-win outcomes. This book aeroplane made in Australia. This is the story of his flying career provides a blueprint for getting buy-in, agreement and enduring which lasted just a decade, from 1908 to 1918. It's a story of loyalty from anyone by using authentic communication, empathy ingenuity and independence. Liberally illustrated. and engagement. It's the secret to not only short-term gains but long-term success. Major M iner
ENGOoUR S Taking S mart Risks
$30 + GST = $33 DOUG S UNDHEIM 2012 9788182746183 250pp $27.27 + GST = $30 This is the story of a kid from Calcutta, a street fighter whose 2013 9780071778190 258pp
life might have been brief and tragic. But he was lucky and To find the middle ground between acting quickly to stay stumbled on his life's passion, the dark and dangerous world competitive and making reckless decisions you have to take of mining. He ran away from home and family to study mining smart risks. This book explains how to find that precise point in Wales. After journeys that took him to every continent he between comfort and danger. It will show you how to discover, entered the academic world and became a professor of mining. plan for and act on the kind of risks that will move your company forward and ahead of the competition. First M an: The Life of Neil Armstrong
JAMES H ANSEN Get Y our Shift Together FRST M AN: THE LIFE OF $12.73 + GST = $14 STEVE R IZZO GET Y OUR 2012 9781471126031 784pp NEL A RMSTRONG $27.27 + GST = $30 This is the first and only authorised biography of one of the 2013 9780071807739 203pp
world's most celebrated heroes, Neil Armstrong. On 20 July Who says you have to "get serious" to get everything you want SHIFT 1969, the world watched as he became the first person to walk out oflife? This book will show you how to think, laugh and TOGETHER on the Moon. This book vividly recreates his life and career, enjoy your way to success in business and in life. Learn how to oHow t Think, Laugh, ant Ruy wur Way to Success n Busiess an in Lite from honours as a naval pilot, test pilot and astronaut to the find the humour in every situation, face your fears and get on STEVE R IZZO personal price paid by him and his family for his dedication to JES. R with life, and make your workplace the best place to succeed. his vocation.
PLEASE C HARGE MY eli a ils Please send me the following books... CO M astercard O Visa C Diners Club D Amex
NAME I NSTITUTION MEMBER NO. (f applicable) Number
ADDRESS Signed
POSTCODE PHONE Expiry Date
[1 P lease add me to the EA Books weekly newsletter email.
POST E A Books
PO B ox 588 + p acking/postage per order to an Australian address $10.91 $12.00 Crows N est NSW 1585 + p acking/postage per order to an Overseas address (air mail)* $ 35.00 FAX 02 8823 6526
My cheque, payable to EA Books is enclosed for A$ PHONE 02 9438 5355
for credit card payments by phone PRICES S UBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. OVERSEAS DELIVERIES USE "EX GST" PRICE. EMAIL [email protected] * O verseas customers please note: We reserve the right to add extra charges to any orders, for which you will be contacted by Customer INTERNET Service. You will be automatically charged the standard overseas postage cost of $35 and then we will then send a request for payment Civil A pril 13 for the balance of shipping costs to your destination. Please supply an email address. www.eabooks.com.au
FEATURE | R oads
The l ead story reports on the Kempsey Bypass in NSW. Also included are articles on the Great Eastern Highway in Perth, Legacy Way in Brisbane, asphalt plant upgrade in Melbourne and new products. Compiled by Kirill Reztsov.
Australia's l ongest road bridge has been built as part of the Kempsey Bypass project in NSW. The structure crosses the Macleay River and nearby floodplains.
(~ K empsey Bypass
opens
he $ 618 million Kempsey Bypass in northern NSW Thas been completed and opened in time for the Easter holidays. Federal infrastructure and transport minister Anthony Albanese said the project, which allows motorists to bypass Kempsey and Frederickton, is a major step forward in the ongoing upgrade and duplication of the Pacific Highway. The Kempsey Bypass is a 14.5km four lane highway with grade separated intersections and is the first stage of the 40km Kempsey to Eungai project. The project has also included a range of flood mitigation measures, such as house raising, raised stock
58 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
Roads | F EATURE
Progress t owards upgrading Pacific Highway
The l atest six-month Report Card setting out the have a greed to contribute $7.92 billion towards progress t owards the ultimate goal of a fully upgrading the Pacific Highway, of which $5.41 billion duplicated Pacific Highway was released in March. comes from the former and the balance coming from The report covers the second half of 2012 (July the NSW government. to December). It notes that since the mid-1990s, In the six months to the end of December 2012, $528 the average travel times between Hexham, north of million (60.5% of the 2012/13 budget) had been spent, Newcastle, and the Queensland border have been cut by well in front of the pro-rata rate. up to 90 minutes and annual fatalities have been reduced As of 31 December 2012: from the high 40s to 24 last year. &_ 346km or 52% of the highway had been upgraded to The report said work to upgrade the route to a "motorway standard" and duplicated following the four-lane divided highway has been divided into three completion of work on the Ballina Bypass as well as priorities: the upgrades at Glenugie and Banora Point & The first priority comprises upgrades between < another 73km was under construction: Bulahdelah Hexham and Port Macquarie, around the growing Bypass; Herons Creek to Stills Road; Kempsey Bypass; suburbs of Coffs Harbour, and between Ballina and Sapphire to Woolgoolga; Devils Pulpit and Tintenbar the Queensland border. to Ewingsdale +_ Priority two covers work between Port Macquarie < five projects, covering a total distance of and Raleigh (south of Coffs Harbour). approximately 100km, were being prepared for the < Priority three covers Woolgoolga (north of Coffs start of construction: Oxley Highway to Kundabung; Harbour) and Ballina. Kundabung to Kempsey; the Frederickton to Eungai; According to the report, the first priority will be Warrell Creek to Nambucca; and Nambucca to achieved and priority two commenced by the end of Urunga. 2014. The report can be downloaded at
mounds, f lood compensatory works and the construction "The p roject also involved some 1.4 million cubic metres of a levee wall at Frederickton. of earthworks and the building of nine smaller bridge The bypass has been constructed by an alliance between structures for interchanges, small creek crossings, local NSW Roads and Maritime Services, Leighton Contractors, road overpasses and a crossing of the main north south Aecom and Coffey Geotechnics, rail line." The project also includes Australia's longest road bridge Arup provided the civil, hydrology, scour assessments, erected over the Macleay River and nearby floodplains in geotechnical, foundation and design services for the bridge a separate $185 million contract by Abigroup. The scope project, including construction phase services. of the initial contract was for two separate twin-bridges "Our design included an innovative approach in the totalling 2.45km in length. However, during the design use of tendered steel tubular piles to eliminate pile caps refinement stage the bridge was changed to a single and significant reduction in driven steel pile diameters bridge. More than 940 super-T beams, each 34m long required for all 82 pier locations on the floodplain. This and 1500mm deep were required and were produced by innovation alone resulted in a significant reduction in Australian Precast Solutions, a subsidiary of Abigroup, at both construction costs and time for delivery," said Arup its Macksville facility. Australia principal James Naylor. More than 70 piles were bored to support the river span The project was funded through the federal and more than 340 piles were steel tube-driven to support government's Building Australia Fund. The NSW the floodplain structure. government provided funding for the planning and project NSW minister for roads and ports Duncan Gay said: approval phase of the Kempsey to Eungai upgrade. M
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 59 FEATURE | R oads
Great E astern Highway
widening c omple ted
he $ 280 million project to widen the Great Eastern boards, C CTV cameras at each of the major signalised Highway in Perth has been completed ahead of the intersections and a fibre backbone running the length of target date of December 2013. the median. These systems will be used by Main Roads The project was completed by the City East Alliance WA Traffic Operations Centre to help manage traffic (CEA), comprising Leighton Contractors, GHD, NRW congestion. and Main Roads WA. The project was jointly funded by the federal The upgrade consists of expanding 4.2km of the ($224 million) and Western Australian ($56 million) highway from four to six lanes between Kooyong governments. Road and the Tonkin Highway. It also includes the The project began in 2010 and overcame a number construction of a central median along the length of of challenges, including construction in a dense urban the upgraded section, upgrading major intersections to corridor, with many underground services and adjacent allow for turning movements, bus lanes, on-road cycling to the aboriginal heritage site of the Swan River and facilities and a continuous pedestrian path. parklands. The project is designed to ease congestion along the The Great Eastern Highway upgrade involved highway by increasing its capacity by 70%, from 50,000 one of the greatest service relocation and to 85,000 vehicles a day. It will also improve access to replacement challenges on a Western Australian the airport and surrounding areas, improve safety for infrastructure project, with more than 80,000m of local residents and other users of the highway, and new conduits required, including water, gas, power, deliver better facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. telecommunications and drainage, all within a The upgrade also includes two variable message sign constrained 21ha road corridor. To mitigate the risk
Douglas P artners Celebrating 5 0 Years of Excellence
Douglas P artners is an independent employee-owned and managed consulting engineering firm. Douglas Geotechnics | E nvironment | Groundwater Partners turns 50 this year and since 1963 we have been at the forefront of providing clients across Australia with integrated practical solutions in the fields of Geotechnical, Environmental and Groundwater Engineering.
With o ver 50 years' experience, 15 offices Australia wide, and more than 70,000 projects completed to date, Douglas Partners is a leader in its field. Douglas Partners provides services to many industry sectors including Industrial, Commercial and Residential Development, Energy, Healthcare, Mining, Sport & Recreation, Telecommunications, Transport, Defence, and the and the Oil & Gas Industry. Our h ard work and commitment to our clients has been recognised many times over the past 50 years, most recently at the prestigious 2013 BRW Client Choice Awards, where we received three awards and were recognised as the winners of the following categories: Best Consulting Engineering Firm in Australia (revenue $50m-$200m) Best Professional Services Firm in Australia (revenue $50m-$200m) Best P rovider to the Property Sector
www.douglaspartners.com.au C L IEN T . CHOICE Sydney, Brisbane, Canberra, Newcastle, Melbourne, A W A R D S Darwin and Perth and branch offices in Cairns, 2 O 1 3 Campbelltown, Gladstone, Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, Townsville, Wollongong and Central W INNER
60 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
Roads | F EATURE
Contractors w ere able to produce more accurate dig permits, which improved safety and efficiency on the ground. In the future, utilities will be able to use the model to produce more accurate dial-before-you-dig drawings and records. Given the challenges and high level of impact of the project, stakeholder engagement was a key priority for CEA. The team established a community representative group and a technical working group at the affected council. Strong relationships with utility and service providers, major organisations and governing bodies were also developed and maintained. For a highway upgrade project with 110 driveways, CEA also worked to deliver best practice traffic management. Earthworks f or Abernethy Road/Great Eastern Highway The alliance worked with Main Roads to update the Code intersection construction in Perth. Proto: Leiskton Contractors of Practice through the trial of products in WA, such as truck mounted-attenuators and water-filled barriers, of working with live services, CEA used a 3D services as well as looking overseas at innovative products. For software model to better understand the services and their example, through the use of specially designed remote- relationship to earthworks. The model was invaluable in controlled boom gates, the traffic controller was able to identifying and verifying clashes with utilities, pavement, be moved off the road and work in an area protected by foundations and water table interfaces. barriers. MW
AutoTURN P ro 3D is the premier CAD software for simulating 3D vehicle turning maneuvers on surface and mesh object terrains. Combining the AutoTURN engine with three-dimensional vehicle swept path envelope creation - transportation professionals can model, a nalyze and visualize in 3D while accounting for different terrain, obstacles and vehicle parameters in their road and site design projects.
Conflict d etection with point cloud data « Working with reverse 3D Arc Path « Support for 3D face terrain drawings = Converting reverse 2D simulations into 3D « New AASHTO 2011 vehicle library * Compatibility with Autodesk® AutoCAD® 2013 and Bentley® Power Draft/Civil/GEOPAK/InRoads
Learn m ore about taking your designs to another dimension a". f apac.transoftsolutions.com | [email protected] | + 61 2 9387 7115 § It‘d/Mil
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 61
| R oads
The t unnels are being excavated using two 12.4m diameter double shield tunnel boring machines.
View o nline Tunnelling f or Legacy Way
he L egacy Way is a 4.6km twin road tunnel under the t unnelling process to be fast-tracked and many construction in Brisbane. Once open in 2015, the mechanical innovations were also added to the machines, $1.5 billion project is designed to halve peak hour such as specialised segment loaders. The machines were travel times between the Centenary Bridge and the Inner refurbished locally, resulting in expedition of the assembly City Bypass at Kelvin Grove. and launch process. Brisbane City Council has contracted Transcity Joint An underground conveyor system has been constructed Venture to design, construct, operate and maintain the to transport excavated spoil under the Mt Coot-tha tunnel for the first 10 years. The joint venture comprises Botanic Gardens and into the Mt Coot-tha Quarry. Acciona Infrastructure, Ghella and BMD Constructions. Originally envisaged as a 1.5km overland conveyor, the An alliance of Cardno, GHD and URS was engaged by team worked to find a more efficient way to remove spoil. Transcity to carry out the tender and detailed design for The result was a purpose-built 530m-long tunnel that has the tunnels. significantly reduced impact on the local community and The tunnels are being constructed under 454 residential environment. The use of a conveyor system has eliminated and commercial properties rather than roads or rivers. The the need for more than 96,000 truck movements and also western tunnel portal worksite is bounded by the Western enabled a faster and more continuous removal of spoil, Freeway and Mt Coot-tha Botanic Gardens. The eastern thus allowing the tunnelling process to be fast-tracked. worksite is bordered by the Inner City Bypass, tennis The placement of the spoil is also helping to rehabilitate courts, Queensland Rail infrastructure, Inner Northern previously unused sections of the quarry. Busway, a golf course and local residences. In six months, a precast manufacturing facility has been Most of the surface work is being completed "offline", established to produce 38,700 precast concrete segments behind traffic barriers, to minimise community disruption. required to line the twin tunnels. The tunnels are being excavated using two 12.4m- To secure the precast segments, a special two- diameter double shield tunnel boring machines (TBMs). component grout has been developed, which is piped Legacy Way's TBMs were recycled from parts of the rather than trucked into the tunnels. TBMs previously used on the CLEM7 tunnel, resulting Contractors on the project include Boral, Herrenknecht, in significant time and cost savings compared to Holcim, Wagners, Bauer Foundations, IDEC and LCR procuring new machines from Germany. This allowed Cranes.
62 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013 Roads |
Asphalt p lant
upgraded
$4 m illion upgrade of Citywide's North Melbourne asphalt plant was officially launched by the company's chairman Mark Birrell and City of Melbourne councillor Arron Wood in March. The redeveloped plant will supply a range of sustainable asphalt products for Victorian infrastructure projects. The plant incorporates low emissions technology and increased asphalt recycling capacity, resulting in less carbon emissions along the supply chain. The upgrade resulted in the first asphalt batching parallel drum facility in Australia to deploy technology A t our of the upgraded Citywide's North Melbourne asphalt for heating and reusing reclaimed/recycled asphalt. This plant. Proto: Citvwibe reduces dependence on raw materials such as aggregates and bitumen by around 50%. Additionally, the batching plant improves the quality Engineering w orks on the plant upgrade commenced and consistency of asphalt to ensure it meets VicRoads last December and were completed in February. standards. "We've made cars vastly more efficient; the real The asphalt plant equipment was supplied by German opportunity now lies within the roads traversing our company Benninghoven. Bliss & Reels was a technology cities," Birrell said. partner on the project.
«pzt a 12d Model spow ot
YOUR C IVIL SOFTWARE SOLUTION
l
l
A l
V
Do m ore with your civil software
r& E & *) im F sumenne
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 63
FEATURE | R oads
New P roducts
A c ar hitting the BarrierGuard at 8Okm/h.
Low-deflection t emporary steel barrier
C o ates Hire is introducing the BarrierGuard, a Test barriert a a 20° angle at 110km/h resulted in the barrier Level 4 -rated temporary steel barrier. The unit deflecting one metre. With a 13t bus hitting at a 20° angle is designed to mitigate risk to roadside workers at 70km/h, the barrier deflected two metres. and minimise damage to vehicles and their occupants. As the BarrierGuard has a 110 km/h safety rating, it The BarrierGuard absorbs the impact of a crash and negates the need for "slow zones" and thanks to its smooth by containing the vehicle, offers the driver a chance of surface, devoid of protruding bolts, wires and gaps, it's far recovering control. safer for motorcyclists. Extensive crash testing has been undertaken throughout It is also available with approved crash cushion end the development of the BarrierGuard at angles ranging terminals. from 15° to 45° degrees, using vehicles weighing from Up to 216m of the BarrierGuard can be transported on 900kg to 13t. a single trailer. The barrier can be installed at rates of up A feature of the BarrierGuard, which weighs 90kg/m is to 300m/h by a trained team of three or four operatives. M its low deflection. An impact with a 1500kg car, hitting the
Building i nformation modelling for road projects
B e ntley Systems has announced the availability of They i nclude constraint-driven templates, a context- the V 8i (Selectseries 3) releases of its InRoads, sensitive, intuitive interface, geospatial analysis, and a Geopak, and Mxroad products, and the forthcoming dynamic 3D modeller. Users can visualise the design Selectseries 3 releases of its PowerCivil products. within the modelling workflow, with no translations, All of the products now share Bentley's OpenRoads software, or special workflow processes required. technology for multidisciplinary roadway building Modelling of roadway components enables users to information modelling. create information-rich models, with no user programming OpenRoads adheres to established required required. Design, editing, and decisions are provided in all organisational standards for drawing, engineering views of plan, profile, cross section, and super diagram. specifications, engineering computations, and roadway The new releases also include 3D information design. It provides common workflow, data structure, and modelling tools, such as 3D parametric capabilities that modelling tools. allow interactive design and review in a synchronised From photogrammetry to total station surveys, GPS, viewing environment. Modeling tools integrate with CAD, LiDAR, and point clouds, the new software releases can mapping, GIS and business tools like 3D PDFs. W upload the data, analyse and manipulate it, while ensuring
64 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
REGIONAL E NGINEERING
Maintaining r egional services by G reg Mashiah
a I though over 15% of the Engineers Australia As p art of YoRET, each regional group was encouraged membership r esides in regional Australia, many of to hold a "signature" event. Examples of these events these members feel disadvantaged compared with include engineering heritage recognition of the Port of their city counterparts due to perceptions they receive less Clarence at Yamba, a joint risk conference in northern "value for money" from their membership. The number of Victoria hosted by three regional groups, holding the such members swells if you include fly-in fly-out workers inaugural Western Australia Regional Engineering who retain their residential addresses in a city. Conference in Bunbury, and Australian premiere of the Challenges inherent to engineers in regional areas 2011 film Revenge of the Electric Car. During the latter include access to continuing professional development, event, the foyer and concourse of the Dubbo Regional lower levels of peer support, recruiting new engineers and Theatre and Convention Centre were filled with fully slower on-line services. In recognition of these challenges, electric and hybrid electric cars from local dealers and and to commence addressing them, Engineers Australia from Tesla Australia in Sydney. The Australian distributor designated 2012 as the Year of the Regional Engineering for Tesla drove a $170,000 Tesla Roadster to Dubbo from Team (YoRET). YoRET aimed to provide an opportunity Sydney that day on a single charge (420km) and it became for Engineers Australia to recognise and celebrate the the star of the show. There were also examples of a plug-in contribution of regional engineering team members with Prius, a Lexus 450H, a Mitsubishi MIEV, a Honda hybrid, the theme "Regional engineering: The heart of Australia'. and others on display. YoRET's main focus was highlighting issues that The screening of Revenge of the Electric Car was a are important to regional engineering team members, great opportunity to showcase regional engineering, as it while also increasing awareness of regional engineering enabled the general public to see and hear "real engineers" opportunities. YoRET also promoted the value to Australia from their own regional community and make a direct of the regional engineering team. connection between the technology on display and the engineers present. Many audience members were school ENGINEERING E DUCATION AUSTRALIA students for whom the excitement of being able to touch Engineering E ducation Australia (EEA) is a wholly owned subsidiary of and feel something as impressive as the Tesla Roadster Engineers Australia that offers a wide range ofprofessional development certainly highlighted regional engineering opportunities. courses, seminars and other events. Visit
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 65 ASSOCIATES
Associate r eflection by R obert Williamson
I h ave just completed my tenure as to t he mega conference planned for 2014 in Chairf o the National Committee for Melbourne. Engineering Associates Australia, and People often ask me what does Engineers offer my thanks to the many that have Australia membership give you. My assisted me and the committee. response has always been to advise that As I reflect back, I see there have been you only get out what you are prepared a lot of significant and positive changes to put in: taking the effort to achieve within Engineers Australia which have Chartered status provides a nationally and benefited the whole membership. internationally recognised benchmark of I first became a member in 2000 a member's engineering competencies - and immediately proceeded to become volunteering for a group or committee chartered. I found then, and still now, provides the opportunity to shape policy the value of chartered status for all and the future of engineering, and attending engineers, and have enjoyed recognition CPD events expands fields of interest and by government and business in Australia knowledge as well as professional networks. Robert W illiamson says associates and in many other countries. So look a little closer at how you interact and technologists are an integral My first role with EA was as chair part of the engineering team. with EA and get involved! of the Dampier Combined Group of During my roles with Engineers EA and AusIMM; a magnificent role Australia, I have always felt the strong bringing together members from Riotinto, Woodside and support for Associates by all of the presidents, Councils, government departments in the powerhouse that is the Congresses and CEOs. The Year of the Regional Pilbara in WA. We hosted a President's tour each year Engineering Team initiative was a great success, and raised as well as other engineering delegations. We saw many the status of associates and technologists to show that they visitors including luminaries such as Dr Peter Greenwood belong and are treated as equals within EA. Associates and Doug Jones, as well as the great man himself, Peter and technologists are an integral part of the engineering Taylor. These men were wonderful mentors for me team. In mining, a team effort contributes to programming personally and gave me the motivation to undertake these robots and keeping automatic machinery operating; in roles. manufacturing, a team effort contributes to designing and A highlight for me with the Dampier Group was a drafting shop drawings, and in defence, there are far too weekend site technical tour in 2004 to the Chevron Texaco many important engineering team roles to list here. Thevenard Island Facility, which included having to stay The hard work continues. There is still work to do two nights at the Mackerel Islands resort. We also found in registration, articulation and providing relevant CPD time to take a fishing charter, not recorded in our CPD. to associate members. The NCEAA and its enthusiastic On moving to Perth, I took up roles on the WA membership are tasked with contributing to this and Division Committee and worked closely with then division delivering results in time. The NCEAA will be chaired director Rupert Grayston. Then came roles with the commencing 2013 by Major Keith Chambers, an NCEAA, ITEE College and NERB. experienced associate from the Australian Army and Recent highlights include undertaking the EngExec ably assisted by deputy chair Wing Commander Ross competencies and achieving accreditation. I also highly Magno, a seasoned campaigner for associates. More rate the past CELM conferences. I have attended and information is available at the EA website at http://www. strongly advocate these as being well worth attending for engineersaustralia.org.au/engineering-associates. M engineering leaders at all levels. The high calibre of the presenters and their presentations assembled in the one Robert W illiamson is CEO of Red River Group conference far outweighs anything I had seen presented and director of QSCT China. before; a very efficient way to get a high level engineering management download in just a few days. I look forward
66 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
HERITAGE
?o 2 } iss a
In t he early 1900s, Boulder Station in WA was the busiest in The r efurbished B-Class B1610 locomotive that will become part Australia. of the rolling stock when the Loopline reopens.
Restoring t he Loopline Railway
by G lenn Donaldson
The G olden Mile Loopline Railway in Western through t o Coolgardie has recently been mooted. Australia i s being restored with support from The preliminary stages of these projects are now under industry and the community. way with works being coordinated from the restored In the early 1900s Boulder Station was central to the Boulder Station terminal building, which doubles as a Golden Mile Loopline Railway and was once the busiest museum for an array of interesting railway antiques. railway station in Australia (with over 61 trains and up to Among the activities undertaken to date is the
100 services each day), servicing the local gold and timber reconstruction of the platforms, construction of a industries as well as providing transportation for the local workshop to restore the rolling stock and refurbishment workforce and shoppers alike. of locomotives. The local community has been heavily However, as the land that the Loopline operated on involved in facilitating these works, including workers was consumed by mining operations, the railway became under the federal Work for the Dole scheme and prisoners redundant and many of the remaining historical sites, such provided by the WA Department of Corrective Services as Boulder Station, fell into disrepair. under Section 95 of the Prisons Act. In addition, the Golden Mile Loopline Heritage Railway Society WA Department of Education has provided special (GMLHRS) is preserving the heritage of the Loopline by dispensation for high school students to undertake pre- creating a display museum that showcases exhibits donated apprenticeship type works (with many continuing on to a by the local community, however it had not commenced local apprenticeship). any restorations. It took the 2010 magnitude 5.0 In-kind support from industry includes TSF Logic earthquake and significant damage to the Boulder Station and A and N Mining (providing plant and machinery), to spur the GMLHRS into action. It was decided that the Downer and its local railway maintenance crew of society required full-time employees and in 2011, Mike indigenous workers, as well as a number of local suppliers Lucas was engaged to commence the re-establishment of such as PrimePower, Sustain Construction, L&W Mitre 10 the Loopline Railway. and Goldfields Creative Concreting. Ultimately, the renewed Loopline Railway will serve as A fleet of rare and old-fashioned rolling stock further a tourist attraction for the Kalgoorlie-Boulder region and enhances the historical flavour of the GMLHRS work, the design stage for the project is well under way. While including a Y-class locomotive, a steam shovel that had the GMLHRS is working to preserve the remaining 5km a past life on the Suez Canal project and a rare Z-class of track, project delivery firm Engenium has provided pro- locomotive - one of only three made in England and bono services to carry out the detailed designs for the first believed to be the only one still operational. The Loopline of the four stages of the Loopline extensions. has several options when choosing which locomotive will The first phase will be to construct a new line from the pull the passenger, dining and entertainment cars that are Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines' Super-Pit lookout in various stages of refurbishment. There are even plans through to the redundant level crossing on Goldfields to transport the original pedestrian footbridge from Perth Highway. The second phase will be to re-establish the Train Station to Boulder, as the original construction date connection from Boulder Station to Kalgoorlie, crossing and design of the north and south pedestrian overpasses the Burt Street subway and continuing on to the top were distinctly similar to the bridge removed from Perth. of Hannans Street. From there, a spur line and new roundhouse facility will be constructed to house and Glenn D onaldson is project manager at Downer Australia. maintain the Loopline's rolling stock. Reopening the track
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 67
KNOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT
KMs i for small firms too byr D Tim Kannegieter
B e ing concerned that many think knowledge management ( KM) is only for the big end of town, for organisations with money to spend on expensive IT systems, I was pleased when a consulting structural engineer with just four employees approached me to tell his KM story. Damian Hadley is director of Cantilever Consulting Engineers, a Sydney-based company providing structural engineering solutions to small architects and builders, none of which have more than ten employees. Hadley said that his previous experience of working at larger firms was somewhat chaotic and disconnected. "Jobs would land on my table and I would be expected to just do it. When I asked for information resources to help, there was not a lot. Some of the bigger companies had manuals that were organised around materials but nothing Cantilever C onsulting Engineers director Damian Hadley with the Excel spreadsheet he uses for knowledge management. to help you do projects in their totality. "If I was building a structure with concrete columns I could go to the concrete manual, but if I wanted to design a because t he workflow makes us more focused on efficiently roof, for example, there was nothing to help me to consider executing all the tasks that need to be done. This might all the things to do in completing that task;" he said. shave half an hour off each job but over time that adds up to Like many people who start their own business, Hadley time to develop the business. believed there had to be a better way. "Another key benefit of the system is error minimisation, "When I started my own business, I set out to organise because it forces us to rigorously consider all aspects of a the information I needed so that it would more aligned to task and identify risks. Most of my work is repeat business my actual work. It also had to be simple and easy to use, so or word-of-mouth and that comes from having a reputation that it saved time and money." for delivering work with very few errors. Hadley's vision found its expression in a simple Microsoft "Another benefit is that it helps new employees Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet reflects a "work understand what we do. Everything we do fits on one sheet breakdown structure" that Hadley developed. Each major of paper," Hadley said. task in the business is given a letter and sub-tasks a number. There are several observations that arise from this story For example, designing a roof is N4. of a small firm doing knowledge management. A key element of the approach is that not only are the The first observation rose from Hadley's description of engineering tasks organised, but also every other aspect of his system as being designed to "turn your mind" to the the business. Letters are allocated to work such as contract range of tasks that need to be considered in a job. This cuts management, wages and risk analysis. These are all then to the heart of knowledge management theory, which is linked into business processes such as verification, risk predicated around the notion of boundary objects facilitating analysis, workplace health and safety, performance reviews interaction between people. and company performance indicators. Models, diagrams, contracts, standards and the like, are Each element in the spreadsheet links to a section of all examples of boundary objects that provide a framework a manual which then points to a variety of information for discussion, negotiation, coordination, collaboration and resources that may be in paper, on websites or stored other forms of interaction. Good boundary objects serve elsewhere on the company's server. the needs of multiple stakeholders and building information Hadley emphasised that his approach avoids unnecessary modelling (BIM) is a good example of this in large projects. work in gathering information about any particular topic. However, most small organisations cannot afford BIM and "The work breakdown structure we have created doesn't often there is no need - a well-structured spreadsheet may answer any questions; it simply turns your mind to what well be sufficient. needs to be considered in every step of the process. For I also noted Hadley is categorising his information example, in roofs it turns your mind to the materials to be by process. However, there is nothing to stop one from used, tie downs, to lateral stability, etc. The system doesn't managing the information by process and material. With try to capture everything we know about a subject or answer a small investment in effort and systems, information can any questions; it simply turns the mind to the task;" he said. be categorised and indexed in multiple ways. For example, "The system provides us with competitive advantage the same information could also be categorised by industry because it actually helps us do our work. It saves us time sector, engineering discipline, customer type or some custom
68 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
KNOWLEDGE M ANAGEMENT
taxonomy. I t is possible to do this with nothing more "Doing a p rocess mapping and just focusing on the one sophisticated than standard office software. thing at a time that needs to be done, without the constant Listening to Hadley's story, I was concerned that this case switching between tasks, actually allows you to get in the study would again stereotype KM as just another form of flow," he said. information management. I challenged him to show how Hadley's argument rings true. From a KM perspective, the system helped facilitate knowledge creation - processes having a process mapping and following it regularly such as learning and innovation. His surprising answer encourages a person to think about the way things are being quoted Csikszentmihalyi's psychological studies of flow in done. Eventually, that person may have a creative moment consciousness from the early 1990s. where a new way of doing things occurs to them. This may not happen without such a process map. The key point here is that Hadley is thinking about knowledge-related theory The s tructure we have and is drawing on it to influence the way he works. A last point that Hadley raised is that the system ‘ created doesn't answer he is building for his company is generating what he any questions; it simply turns calls "business legacy". Many small consulting firms are successful because of the personal characteristics of the your mind to what needs to be founder and key staff. However, when the founder wants to retire or leave, they find it very difficult to sell the considered. business because the value is so intrinsically related to their personal knowledge and relationships. Creating a According t o Hadley, Csikszentmihalyi has shown that knowledge management system is way of creating a tangible high performance and creativity arises when people are so asset that can be valued and transferred to a new owner, immersed in their work that they can think of little else, a or even leveraged to raise funds. If nothing else, this is a phenomenon called flow and also colloquially called being compelling reason for small firms to consider formalising "in the zone'", typified by artists and sports people. Hadley their knowledge management approach. M argued that the workflow created by his Excel spreadsheet actually helped him get into that flow state more easily.
Record n umbers for EngQuest
ver 5 1,000 school students have registered to take to a ddressing skills shortages by encouraging the next Opart in Engineers Australias EngQuest program generation to become engineers," said EA chief executive this year. This record number compares to 42,611 Stephen Durkin. in 2012. For more information or to volunteer go to Engineers Australia is looking for volunteers to help www.engquest.org.au. M children participate in the program. Now in its 12th year, the outreach program is intended to provide exciting educational activities involving maths, science and technology. The aim is to give students a better understanding of the role of engineering teams, while developing their creative, decision-making, problem- solving and communication skills. Students work on curriculum-related classroom projects such as building a catapult, a bridge or a lifting machine. There are projects for lower primary, primary and middle years students. The number of registered schools has increased from 638 to 658 this year. Engineers Australia volunteers visit schools, answer students' questions on a website forum and provide feedback on projects. There were 302 volunteers last year, a record number, and 101 have registered so far this year. The EngQuest website has been updated, with new features on Volunteers Hub to help volunteers organise school visits and assess projects. As p art of the EngQuest program, EA volunteers visit schools to "The EngQuest program offers a practical solution introduce students to the work of engineering teams. Shown here is Turner Primary School, ACT.
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 69
LEADERSHIP
Margot C airnes Leadership s trategist [email protected] www.margotcairnes.wordpress.com
Playing p olitics well rF o many people politics is a dirty word - whether it John g rew up in a home with a secret, his Dad had a nis i government or organisations. However, politics long-term mistress. Whenever John's family was posted is simply the use of power. Power is the ability to to a new location, which was often, the mistress soon get things done and to achieve results. Politics is a tool followed. Everybody knew but nobody mentioned it. to achieve objectives with and through others. Politics When the issue was brought to light and openly discussed is, of itself, value neutral. Some people use political skills John's life fell apart. He was forced to leave his adored to achieve outcomes for the common good, others use father and go and live with mother and sister in another political skills solely for personal benefit. What makes one town. John learnt early that it was best to ignore "the commendable and the other open to criticism isn't the elephant in the room'. political skills themselves but rather the motivation and character of the user of the skills. We learn to "play politics" in the family in which ‘‘ P ower is the ability to we grow up. Our first political experiences are in the power dynamic within our own family. Our political get things done and to programming goes down not through reasoned adult achieve r esults. thought but through our impressions of the dynamic of those we live with - especially up to the age of seven. As our brain is not fully developed until we are twelve, our political programming is both immature and distorted. It Realising t his about himself, John asked his staff is also pervasive and deeply unconscious. We think politics to please tell him about elephants because he was is as we perceive it to be with our adult eyes. In truth, programmed not to see them and definitely not to discuss most of us are operating out of childhood patterning. So if, them. The upside of John's political programing was that as a child, we desperately sought Dad's love and approval, he was very comfortable with ambiguity and navigated we are probably still sycophantic around male authority sensitive political issues with ease. The downside was he figures. If Mum ruled the roost and Dad was a bit of a unconsciously chose not to see embarrassing and awkward non-entity we probably ignore, avoid or dismiss males in issues. authority. Our early experiences shape our political lens on life. While many of us think we "don't play politics" all of Those who use power skilfully have gained an awareness us play politics a lot. We just do it out of unconscious of their political programming and are thus in a position childhood patterning and therefore very badly. We are to decide whether to operate out of unconscious childhood political but not powerful. The way to become an effective, patterns or conscious adult choice. powerful leader is to become aware of our patterning and make concrete choices about how we want to respond and behave.
70 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
SUSTAINABILITY
Terence J eyaretnam Directorf o Net Balance ([email protected]), based in Melbourne.
Planetary b oundaries
verything t hat we know has limits, whether it relates has e merged, which is the central concept in an Earth to physical, psychological or capital stocks. Stocks system framework proposed by an international group need to be replenished, assets maintained and brains of scientists, including Will Steffen from the Australian rested for them to keep going. National University, designed to define a "safe operating The notion that Earth has limits has only been around space for humanity. for a relatively short time, which is surprising, yet The group identified nine planetary life support systems understandable. A pre-1970s world population of under 4 - climate change, land use, biodiversity loss, freshwater billion people wasn't enough to stress test Earth's capacity. use, phosphorus cycle, nitrogen cycle, ozone depletion Furthermore, economics as a discipline is dominated by and ocean acidification. According to the authors, since the notion of an unlimited world. the industrial revolution, the planet has entered a new Limits to Growth by the Club of Rome in 1972, was epoch, out of Holocene into the Anthropocene. In the the first comprehensive research publication to show that Anthropocene, humans have become the main agents of human impact on Earth was going to reach planetary change to the Earth system. boundaries within decades under business as usual Limits to Growth and planetary boundaries both scenarios. It presented a model in which five variables represent starting points in defining critical limits. There's (world population, industrialisation, pollution, food much more research to do and science to be refined. What production and resources depletion) were examined concerns me is the lack of resources dedicated by nations along with technology, under three scenarios. Two of the to better crystalise individual nations' and the planet's scenarios saw overshoot and collapse of the global system carrying capacities, so that economic theory through to by the mid to latter part of the 21st century, while a third global and state policies could be based on a notion of safe scenario resulted in a stabilised world. operating limits. M More recently, the notion of planetary boundaries
ENGINEERS A USTRALIA
TECHNICAL J OURNALS
PAPERS I NVITED
Engineers A ustralia invites papers from authors for its learned Technical Journals (formerly called Transactions). The Journals are:
M A ustralasian Journal of Engineering Education ® A ustralian Journal of Multi-disciplinary Engineering M Australian Journal of Civil Engineering ® Australian Journal of Structural Engineering M A ustralian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering M Australian Journal of Water Resources M A ustralian Journal of Mechanical Engineering ® Transport Engineering in Australia.
For a uthors to submit a paper, all they need to do is register themselves on Engineers Australia's online submission and tracking system at . The system will then walk them through the necessary steps to complete their submission. Papers cane b submitted in any electronic format, as automatically c onverts them into a PDF for easy viewing by editors and reviewers.
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 7
OBITUARY
Peter O wen Miller 1922-2013 by D erek Nineham
Peter M iller, who penned Miller's architects, t hey produced some of the most Tales f or this magazine, was an recognisable buildings around NSW and expert on risk and liability in the ACT - Qantas Building (now the NAB engineering. Building), the Stock Exchange Building Born in Merewether, NSW in 1922, and the Entertainment Centre in Sydney; he was educated at North Strathfield the High Court, Barton Offices, Belconnen Primary School, Fort Street Boys' High Offices and the National Art Gallery in School and the University of Sydney, Canberra. graduating as a civil engineer in 1943. Miller's concern for our built heritage was He met his lifelong partner Olive always apparent. His consultancy, along with through the scouting and guide other professional firms, was instrumental in movement and they married in 1944. saving the Rocks area of Sydney. In fact, the In 1946, Miller joined forces first company moved its offices into the old Rum with Alan Milston and then with John Store in Argyle Street. Ferris in a partnership which became Miller was also an innovator. He was PO Miller Milston and Ferris, and then Peter M iller penned Miller's Tales for instrumental in bringing the lift slab to MM&F Design and MM&F Drafting Engineers Australia magazine. Australia, which in its day was a completely Services. Together with a variety of new piece of technology. During this period Miller was concerned for the development of the engineering profession and was active in professional associations. He became heavily involved in the Association of Consulting Engineers Australia, serving on its council during 1964-1978 and as its president in 1974-1976. He was on the executive of the snowy h ydro International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) Limited during 1978-1985. He was the first chairman of ASPAC, a renewable e nergy group of Asia-Pacific members of FIDIC and then held the presidency of FIDIC during 1983-1985. Join a h igh performing team managing highly Miller became a world authority on risk and liability complex, technically challenging and varied projects, whilst based in the stunning location of the Snowy in the engineering profession, writing Miller's Tales for Mountains. Engineers Australia magazine. He started in 1987 and by the A l eading provider of peak, renewable electricity, Snowy time he finally decided he had run out of ideas, just after Hydro has a world class reputation in engineering his 85th birthday, he had written 312 columns. As a result innovation and technical expertise. We own and operate of these tales he corresponded with engineers all over the a powerful combination of hydro and gas electricity world. generation assets, including the 4000MW Snowy He was recognised for his work in advancing the Mountains Hydro Scheme, and two gas fired power profession by life membership of the ACEA, Engineers stations. Australia and the Institute of Architects. He was a Fellow We h ave a unique opportunity for an experienced project of Engineers Australia and was appointed Member in the manager to work on highly complex and varied civil Order of Australia in 1978 for services to the engineering projects in a progressive and innovative company. This role profession. In 1983 he received an honorary doctorate from is based in Cooma, NSW. the University of Sydney. The s uccessful applicant will have a relevant degree in civil engineering, extensive experience in managing large Above all, Miller was a dedicated family man who scale, complex and multiple engineering projects in a also loved cricket, rugby, and sailing his yacht with the civil construction environment, and demonstrated project family and friends on Pittwater. He will be remembered management skills with the ability to drive projects from for his vision, integrity, commitment to excellence and inception to completion. humanitarianism. He has left a wonderful legacy for the To a pply for this role visit: younger generations. www.snowyhydrocareers.com.au He is survived by his wife Olive and daughter Robyn. M For a c onfidential discussion regarding this opportunity please contact Clare 02 6453 2649. Derek N ineham is Peter Miller's nephew. Applications c lose on Friday, 3 May.
72 C ivil Engineers Australia | April 2013
CLASSIFIEDS
Call f or nominations SOFTWARE
Nominations f or the 2013 Sir John Holland Civil Engineer of the Year Award are now open. The Sir John Holland Award for Civil Engineer of the Year provides MICROSTRAN a high- profile focus on engineering achievement, and serves as both a showcase for civil engineering Leading E dge Software for Structural Engineers and a focus for young people interested in pursuing a career in engineering. For more information:
FLUOR,
NDDESIGNING A BUILDING THE
WORLD'S TOUGHEST PROJEC vou « *> ens -See F j _ . -sitje=ty-._ 3 Prone]
Moving L oad Graphics The new moving loads graphical interface simplifies the input of lane and loading definitions. Multiple load cases are created automatically and results may be quickly assessed using the envelope facility.
For m ore information contact: Engineering Systems Pty Limited Tel: (02) 9488 9622 Fax: ( 02) 9488 7883 APP O INTMEN TS www.microstran.com.au
CONSULTANCY FOR SALE ) Structural Systems 5 | $ lead | FOR SALE fructural Systems is a leading specialist in & & PostTensioning design and installation. Structural engineering conSUItancy - Perth, WA We we|come expression's of interest from Based in Perth northern suburbs, specialising in concrete panel design of experienced concrete reinforcement design commercial and warehouse developments with some residential work. engineers to join our Sydney team. The office has one structural engineer, CAD architectural designer and CAD To discuss your structural engineering career, engineering draftsman. Operating for 25 years, we have a very profitable business contact Shaun Sullivan, Design Manager on with a longterm loyal client base. 02 8767 6200 or email careers@structural. The structural engineer wishes to retire but is willing to continue working part-time com.au for a few years if required. Email all enquires to: [email protected]
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 73
CIVIL E NGINEER 2» BRICSCAD w ww.bricsys.com
A C ivil Engineer is sought for a multi-disciplinary consultancy at Port Macquarie on the NSW Mid-North Coast.
Hopkins C onsultants Pty Ltd is a growing regional practice with projects in the land development, infrastructure and mining sectors. M h ® The position requires a Civil Engineer with 7-10 years experience to at ca manage tendering, supervise civil projects and design development Software for Engineers for infrastructure projects. The position offers opportunity to build relationships w ith our client base and the possibility for advancement in the company. Essential C riteria: Degree in Civil Engineering from a recognised Australian tertiary institution, eligibility for membership of Engineers Australia a nd a minimum of 7 years post graduate experience. It is Spend less time desirable the applicant has experience managing civil engineering . design and construction projects, has a sound knowledge of civil docu mentlng and design s oftware packages and current engineering design standards. Salary p ackage negotiable depending on experience and proven ability. more t ime engineering The position offers an enviable coastal lifestyle, covering a range of regional and coastal towns. The successful applicant will have the L necessary autonomy to run a portfolio of diverse and exciting projects. _> 250,000 engineers Applications close Thurs 9 May, 2013 can't be wro ng Submit applications to [email protected] or Jo Murray Hopkins Consultants Pty Ltd PO Box 1556 Port Macquarie NSW 2444
hearne.com.au/mathcad
HOPKINS @H9§£fl§ DEVELOPMENT MANAGERS « SURVEYORS « ENGINEERS « PLANNERS
y S teel design to AS 4100 # for Strand? FEA www.
74 Civil Engineers Australia | April 2013
CLASSIFIEDS
[SLE r IU N D ETA www.inducta.com .au E NG I N EE R I1 NG te|:02 9267 0114, Sydney, NSW
SLABS & R /C BUILDING Software The M ost Comprehensive Software for Reinforced Concrete Building Design Slab d esign: AS3600, BS8110, CSA : ; Automatic two-way action ""So... f Long term deflections: AS3600, EC2 P Wall and column design -. ~ . . Beam design ~~~~~~ Slab on ground Ultra fast 3D modelling Detailed deep-beam design Finite Elements Frequency and mode shape analysis Spectral anaysis CAD and REVIT import export Post tensioned design
Power a nd Speed
64-bit Engine fVfB i z
Model C ourtesy of Northern Beaches Consulting Engineers
SPACE G ASS 11
Generate y our fully parametric ac no:. bors vlcdone ___ mu mate uss >= sang. eee structural model in the amazing (R - - 8 i Grasshopper algorithm editor and aati). x then p ort it directly into SPACE GASS. suomes
Quickly modify the model by making
simple changes to the key geometric spusrew
parameters in Grasshopper. mm mow
www.spacegass.com/grasshopper »nteuey
+m0 £ B BBB m #B . IEQOEfinfi;tfld ) 6 € ¥ ws @ al = - H-@-w
t Underlying Torus \:C ] a Rot Genter2. A mmen 1250 yj m lowsx ass o >/: s x) ® < lousyz o } a - 5 x} ®
Cable N et Leading Edge
m. Y. 0 000m i19227m ® sence onss
J." w w w. s pacegass.com
Civil E ngineers Australia | April 2013 75 I NEE INC
This cqfiegorj highlighfis and debates thi engineering usilrg humorous cartoons,
y N» CREATIVE ‘gfix INTERPRETATIONS This c ategory is a forum for creative interpretations of the engineering world such as paintings and drawings,
0gf $ This c ompetition is run by Engineers Australia magazine as part of the Engineering Week celebrations in Augu: Entry and rules: More information on categories, judging criteria and rules of entry are available at http://www.engineersmedia.com.au/filmcomp.html. Entries and inquiries should be submitted to [email protected] by 11 July 2013.