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The Stratigraphy and Facies of the Mississippian Strata of Southwestern New Mexico Augustus K

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The Stratigraphy and Facies of the Mississippian Strata of Southwestern New Mexico Augustus K New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/16 The stratigraphy and facies of the Mississippian strata of southwestern New Mexico Augustus K. Armstrong, 1965, pp. 132-140 in: Southwestern New Mexico II, Fitzsimmons, J. P.; Balk, C. L.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 16th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 244 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1965 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. 132 THE STRATIGRAPHY AND FACIES OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN STRATA OF SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO A. K. ARMSTRONG Shell Oil Co., Farmington, New Mexico INTRODUCTION Group is Meramec in age and is defined as the first appearance of thin-bedded, argillaceous limestones and This paper is a brief resume of the Escabrosa Group shale beds. and Paradise Formation of extreme southwestern New Paleontologic and field studies indicate no signifi- Mexico. For detailed information on the Mississippian cant hiatus within the Escabrosa Group. The contact strata of the region see Laudon and Bowsher (1949) between the overlying Paradise Formation and the Es- and Armstrong (1958 a, 1958 b, 1962, 1963). Formal cabrosa Group (Hachita Formation) is gradational. systematic faunal studies and documentation of strati- The shales, silts, and shallow water thin-bedded lime- graphic zonation used in this paper are in Armstrong stones of the Paradise Formation reflect development (1958, 1962) and Hernon (1935). of the Chesterian highlands of central New Mexico The classification of carbonate rocks used in this and the resulting influx of terrigenous sediments into paper is that of Dunham (1962). A brief outline of the Paradise sea. Extensive erosion in southwestern Dunham's classification is given in table 1. and central New Mexico in late Chesterian and early Pennsylvanian time removed a considerable thickness ESCABROSA GROUP of Mississippian strata (fig. 5) and produced every- The Escabrosa Limestone of Mississippian age was where a pronounced unconformity between Mississip- named by Girty (1904) for the Lower Carboniferous pian and Pennsylvanian strata. section in the Escabrosa cliffs west of Bisbee, Ari- zona. The name "Escabrosa limestone" was extended KEATING FORMATION through Cochise County, Arizona, by the U.S. Geo- The type section of the Keating Formation (Arm- logical Survey in reports dealing with various mining strong 1962) is on the southeast side of Blue Moun- areas. The Escabrosa Limestone was elevated by Arm- tain, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. The thickest strong (1962) to the Escabrosa Group and divided section in New Mexico is on the north side of the Big into two formations: the Keating Formation with two Hatchet Mountains, where it is 590 feet thick. The members, A and B; and the Hachita Formation (fig. Keating Formation thins to the north in the Peloncillo 1.). This nomenclature was extended into Luna, Hi- Mountains and to the northeast in the Klondike dalgo, and Grant Counties, New Mexico. Within this Hills. The Keating Formation is readily divisible into region the Escabrosa Group is a thick sequence of two Ethic members, which are called in ascending shelf to miogeosynclinal bioclastic carbonates. The Es- order, members A and B. cabrosa Group is separated from the underlying Upper Member A contains a brachiopod and coral fauna Devonian rocks by a disconformity. This hiatus repre- (figs. 2 and 3) which is transitional between high up- sents a small portion of late Devonian and a significant per Kinderhook and lower Osage. It rests with a dis- part of Kinderhook time. The top of the Escabrosa conformity on marine shales and carbonates of late TABLE 1. CLASSIFICATION OF CARBONATE ROCKS ACCORDING TO DEPOSITIONAL TEXTURE DEPOSITIONAL TEXTURE RECOGNIZABLE DEPOSITIONAL TEXTURE NOT RECOGNIZABLE Original Components Not Bound Together Durii g Deposition Original components were bound together Contains mud Lacks mud during deposition . (particles of clay and fine silt size) and is as shown by intergrown Crystalline Carbonate grain-supported skeletal matter, Mud-supported Grain-supported lamination contrary to gravity, or sediment-floored cavities that Less than More than are roofed over by organic or (Subdivide according to 10 percent grains 10 percent grains questionably organic matter and classifications designed to bear are too large to be interstices. on physical texture or diagenesis.) Mudstone \Vackestone Packstone Grainstone Roundstone NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY—SIXTEENTH FIELD CONFERENCE 133 Devonian age. The hiatus between the Devonian and ian and part, if not all, Kinderhook (Tournaisian) Mississippian Systems represents very late Late Devon- time. c North c Trans-Pecos Central 0 0 o 0_ a) (1) c.) a) Region Extreme South West New Mexico CI CP — a Franklin S.E. Arizona Central Central Nacimiento 0 0 a) >, New Mexico New Mexico a Sangre LLJ ..... Mts. S• W. 7 (f) 1-- Texas New Mexico de Cristo < Mts. C 0 %._ I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I a) E -t- o a)acn Z _c Helms U Fm. a_ Paradise ,,, (...n Z a) Fm. o IIIIIII ? b ' Ste I Genevieve NU L.11 E : I- a St. Louis 11 (f) a) >-- c 2 Arroyo Penasco . Salem Hachita Fm Rancheria Fm. 1 1 Z wow 4111101 ,:t - Keokuk Fm. "Kelly Kelly CL Fm. a_ (f) U) a) Tierra Fm ." 1 1111 — 0 Burlington Blanca II- . 0 c.r) Keating ° _rs._4e....s. U) 0 - — Fm. Nunn 0 > Me m. .-- L.Li a) Alamogordo El-lc Caloso Fern Gle C o r al Andrecito ° Fm. ., M m -I assoill111111 zone •4111111 1 AO Caballero 1 C I 0 o F — o Cr) _c 1- O cu C -o D ._c O I- FIGURE 1 Correlation diagram of the Mississippian rocks of Southwestern New Mexico 134 NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY—SIXTEENTH FIELD CONFERENCE D E V. MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM PENN. ESCABROSA GROUP Portal Fm. Keating Formation Hachita Formation Paradise Fm. member A member B piquoutgiquilippgrupplorgoopli Iiiibillajlptpilgiliplilipprellill atoolgiorpoku loom 01:66.NI-or.c.q 1 1 pax 1 . 1 . tio • q• 1 It ij N 1 p . -. - - 1 I I Osage Meramec Chester Morrow Endothyro? I I Plectogyro sP B D Pleclogyro sp. A Endothyro scilulo Cryptob/ostus Melo Poromillerello C me/o lortu/o Penfremiles conoideus Werrieo keokuk jerseyensis Perditocodinio dubia Chonefes Cho/7e/es off klonchloo glenporkensis p/rifer cj:J. bifurcolus Spinfer cf. Unisp/r/fer gregeri cp /0/era/is • Unisprifer vernonensis /mbrexio forbesi Brochythyris Ty/orhyris cf )subcorchiformis novomexicano C Brachythyris B. suborbicu/oris peculioris B. ozorkensis Syringothyris subcuspidatus Composifo g/oboso 0 Cleiorhyriclino hirsute Cleiothyridino cf incrossotum Composite trinuclea Bee cheria c7;;;uteouensis verneuiliono v„a Beecherio formosum[Zj z21 E costoto Die fasmo b/sinuato FIGURE 2 Mississippian Brachiopods and other forms of Southwestern New Mexico and Southeastern Arizona NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY—SIXTEENTH FIELD CONFERENCE 135 D E V. MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM PENN. ESCABROSA GROUP Portal Fm. Keating Formation Hachita Formation Paradise Fm. member I member B R 119041.11,111111.11111111109111101111.11.111.0111$110MIERIMPI I;; Osage 1Meramec I Chester Morrow Arnplexizaphrentts sonoroensis I Gal Horn opfly//He ca/ceo/us H. circulorts ICamnio cornuc poe Vesiculophyllum sufherlandi V indef. V cf incrassotum <1::• I Rysfonto cf. feres Lithos/rot/one/10 conf/uens L /ochmonoe S. off g gonteo I S. surculorio Michelin/a C:1 /eptosphrogma FIGURE 3 Mississippian Corals of Southwestern New Mexico and Southeastern Arizona 1 36 NEW MEXICO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY-SIXTEENTH FIELD CONFERENCE Member A carbonates are the initial phase of a car- ciable amounts of brachiopod and bryozoan remains. bonate transgression over a weathered and peneplaned The thickest known section of the Hachita Forma- Devonian surface. The lowest beds contain appreciable tion is at the northern end of the Big Hatchet Moun- amounts of calcareous shale, silt, and fine-grained sand- tains, where the maximum thickness is 380 feet. Be- size quartz disseminated in the limestone. The higher cause of original deposition, the Hachita Formation beds of member A are almost pure carbonates of bryo- thins to the north and west (fig. 4) . West of the zoan, echinoderm, brachiopod, and coral lime wacke- Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona, where the Cheste- stones and packstones with occasional lenticular bodies rian Paradise Formation is absent, the Hachita Forma- of oolite packstones.
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