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Major Olivier Lapray | 128 pages | 19 Dec 2014 | HISTOIRE & COLLECTIONS | 9782352503262 | English | , France Battle of Marengo, 14 June

Near the end of the day, the French overcame Gen. Deceived by a local double agent, Bonaparte dispatched large forces to the north and south, but the Austrians launched a surprise attack on 14 June against the main French army under Gen. Louis Alexandre The Battle of Marengo. Initially their two assaults across the Fontanone stream near Marengo village were repelled, and Gen. Jean Lannes reinforced the French right. Melas renewed the main assault The Battle of Marengo the Austrians broke the The Battle of Marengo French position. Knowing Desaix was approaching, Bonaparte was anxious about a column of Ott's soldiers marching from the north, so he deployed his Consular Guard infantry to delay it. The French then withdrew steadily eastward toward San Giuliano Vecchio as the Austrians formed a column to follow them in line with Ott's advance in the northern sector. The French casualties were considerably fewer, but included Desaix. The whole French line chased after the Austrians to seal une victoire politique a political victory that secured Bonaparte's grip on power after the coup. It would be followed by a propaganda campaign that sought to rewrite the story of the battle three times during 's rule. The Battle of Marengo was the victory that sealed the success of Bonaparte's Italian campaign of and is best understood in the context of that campaign. By a daring crossing of the [9] with his Army of the Reserve officially commanded by Louis Alexandre Berthier in mid-May almost before the passes were open, Bonaparte who crossed on a mule had threatened Melas' lines of communications in northern . The French army then seized on 2 June, followed by PaviaPiacenza and Stradella, Lombardycutting the main Austrian supply route eastward along the south bank The Battle of Marengo the river. Bonaparte hoped that Melas' preoccupation with the Siege of The Battle of Marengoheld by Gen. However, surrendered on 4 June, freeing a large number of Austrians for operations against the French. On 9 June Gen. This caused Bonaparte to get overconfident. He became convinced that Melas would not attack and, further, that the Austrians were about to retreat. As other French forces closed from the west and south, the Austrian commander had withdrawn most of his troops from their positions near and Genoa to on the main - road. The spy would advise Bonaparte to march via Sale on the northern side of , so that he could be engaged by the Austrian left wing; meanwhile the main force would move through Marengo village in the centre, turn north and fall into the French left flank. Ott arrived from Montebello of 13 June in a war council. The senior generals of the Austrian army strongly approved this plan, as The Battle of Marengo alternative would have meant that the army would have had to retreat along the River Po and leave to the enemy without a fight. Nonetheless, by abandoning the San Giuliano plain, where the superior Austrian could have given him an edge, Melas probably made a serious mistake. Bonaparte knew that Ott had no way out from Alessandria, but he had no idea of Melas' position. Austrian headquarters debated building a bridge to the north to outflank the French, but the lack of pontoons and time forced the Austrians to cross the River Bormida and then launch a single, direct assault across the Fontanone bridge. The battle took place to the east of Alessandria, on a plain crossed by a river forming meanders, the Bormida, over which the Austrians installed a bridgehead. On the plain were spread numerous hamlets and farms that represented strategic points. The three main sites of the battle formed a triangle, with Marengo in the west, Castel Ceriolo in the north and San Giuliano Vecchio in the east. A small stream, the Fontanone, passed between Marengo and the Bormida. The First Consul had established his headquarters at Torre Garofoli, which was further to the east. The 30, Austrians and their guns were initially opposed by 22, French and their 15 guns. Meanwhile, after the arrival of Desaix, 6, men would reinforce Bonaparte's army. The campaign had exhausted the Austrian army in Italy, casualties and disease reducing some regiments to men. The The Battle of Marengo component of the army was in Piedmont and the neighbouring ; only a few units were moved to winter quarters in better-supplied areas. The army of March was scarcely larger than at the conclusion of the campaign. Although a simpler uniform, with a leather helmet and smaller- caliber musketswas introduced, little had reached the field armies by Efforts were made to standardize equipment, but many units used a variety of musket and saber patterns. In the 36, French troops in Italy were in a desperate state similar to that at the end of Supplies of all sorts were inadequate, discipline was breaking down, desertion was increasing and, on a few occasions, whole formations marched to the rear in search of food. The survivors would be of limited combat value. In establishing the Army of the Reserve in France, Bonaparte's first move The Battle of Marengo to overhaul the supply system to provide the troops with regular food and decent uniforms. Additional veteran troops came from the remains of the former Army of England. To the east of Castel Ceriolo took position Jean-Charles Monnier 's division, supported by the Guard, which formed the reserve. Victor was the The Battle of Marengo who would bear the brunt of the Austrian attack. The Austrian troops advanced from Alessandria eastwards across the Bormida river by two bridges debouching in a narrow bend of the river the river being not easily crossed elsewhere. Poor Austrian staff work prevented any rapid development of their attack and the entire army had to The Battle of Marengo through a narrow bridgehead. The 1,man Austrian advance guard, under Colonel Oberst Johann Maria Philipp Frimont and a division of 3, men under The Battle of Marengo O'Reilly, pushed the French outposts back and deployed to become the Austrian right wing, driving the enemy from Pedrabona farm, then heading south to tackle the French at La Stortiglione farm. This move threatened either an envelopment of the French right, or a further advance to cut the French line of communication with Milan. Gardanne's men gave a good account of themselves, holding up the Austrian deployment for a considerable time. When Gardanne's division was exhausted, Victor pulled it back behind the Fontanone and committed his second division under GdD Chambarlhac this officer soon lost his nerve and fled. The French held Marengo village and the line of the Fontanone until about The Battle of Marengo, with The Battle of Marengo flanks in the air. His subordinates had brought their troops up in support of Victor's corps. Lannes's corps had deployed on the crucial right flank. Lannes directed Watrin's infantry to drive Bellegarde back. They briefly crossed the Fontanone before Austrian reserve guns drove the French back. Kellermann's heavy cavalry brigade and the 8 th took up a covering position on the left, smashing an attempt by GM Giovanni Pilatti's light brigade which attempted to cross the steep-sided Fontanone at its southern end to envelop Victor's flank. He sent urgent recalls to his recently detached forces and summoned up his last reserves. As they came up, GdD Jean-Charles Monnier 's division and the Consular Guard were committed to extend and shore up the French right, rather than to try to hold The Battle of Marengo where Victor's men were running short of ammunition. After securing the Fontanone bridge, Pilatti's cavalry crossed but were again charged and defeated by Kellermann. However, Victor could no longer hold his positions and withdrew southeast to the main vine belt grape vines slung among mulberry treesLannes mirroring the move. About the same time, Marengo had fallen to the Austrians, forcing Napoleon's men into a general retreat. In a bid to further delay Schellenberg's advance, Bonaparte committed his main Guard battalion and its artillery, which moved to flank the column. After driving off Austrian dragoons with the aid of GdB Champeaux's remaining cavalry under The Battle of Marengo, they engaged the head of the column. The French fell back c. With the French outnumbered and driven from their best defensive position, the battle was as good as won by the Austrians. Melas, who was slightly wounded, and 71, handed over command to his chief-of-staff, General Anton von Zachand Kaim. The Austrian centre formed into a massive pursuit column in order to chase the French off the battlefield, with the advance guard commanded by GM Franz Xaver Saint-Julien. The column formed up around Spinetta, southeast of Marengo, and advanced down the New Road. However, delays in the flanks led to the Austrian army forming a crescent shape with a thinly stretched central sector. This took his troops out of supporting distance from the Austrian main body. However, Desaix, in charge of the force Bonaparte had detached southwards, had hastened his advance and reached a small road junction north of The Battle of Marengo Grossa 3 km west of San Giuliano. The story goes that, asked by Bonaparte what The Battle of Marengo thought of the situation, Desaix replied: "This battle is completely lost. However, there is time to win another. The French were fast to bring up and deploy the fresh troops in front of San Giuliano, and the Austrians were The Battle of Marengo to mount their attack. The Austrians deployed three artillery batteries on the north side of the road supported by a dragoon regiment. Boudet's division advanced in line of brigades against the head of the Austrian column, defeating Saint-Julien's leading Austrian brigade. Zach brought forward GM Latterman's grenadier brigade in line and renewed the attack. Faced with a crisis, Napoleon sent Desaix forward again and ordered a cavalry charge requested by Desaix. In the temporary heightening of confusion, Lattermann's formation was charged on its The Battle of Marengo flank by Kellermann's heavy cavalry ca. At the decisive moment of the battle, The Battle of Marengo was shot from his horse. Murat and Kellermann immediately pounced on the supporting Liechtenstein Dragoons who were too slow to respond and routed them as well. As the mob of terrified cavalry stampeded past them, the exhausted Austrian infantry of the main body lost heart, provoking a wild rush to the rear. The gun teams fled, pursued by French cavalry, The Battle of Marengo their whole infantry line advanced westward. The Austrians fell back into Alessandria, having lost about half the forces they had committed. The Austrians had lost heavily in the 12 hours of fighting: 15 colours, 40 guns, almost 8, taken prisoner, and 6, dead or wounded. Bonaparte needed to depart for Paris urgently and the next morning sent Berthier on a surprise visit to Austrian headquarters. Bonaparte's position as First Consul was strengthened by the successful outcome of the battle and the preceding campaign. The generals who had been hostile to him could see that his luck had not abandoned him. Moreau's victory at Hohenlindenwhich was the one that in reality had put an end to the war, was minimised by Bonaparte who, The Battle of Marengo then on, would pose as a saviour of the fatherland, and even of the Republic. Thanks to the victory at Marengo, Napoleon could finally set about reforming France according to his own vision. A last-gasp victory in reality, Marengo was mythologised in an army bulletin and three increasingly glamourised "Official Reports" during Bonaparte's reign. Melas, trapped in Alessandria with his hopes of breaking through to the east shattered, sent the same evening to a message in which he explained that the "charge of Kellermann had broken the soldiers and this sudden and terrible change of fortunes finished by smashing the courage of the troops. The disorder of the cavalry which had disorganised our infantry precipitated its retreat. Another piece of work which attempted to justify the retreat maneuver and to present it as a highly strategic calculation was Berthier's Relation de la bataille de Marengopublished in Berthier suggests that time had to be given to Desaix and Boudet's division to occupy their The Battle of Marengo "The enemy The Battle of Marengo misinterpreted this maneuver and thought the army was in full retreat, while in reality it was only executing a movement of conversion. The bulletin explains that Desaix's forces were waiting in reserve with artillery pieces, which in reality was false, because they arrived late in the battle. Several participants to the fighting reveal the precarious condition of the army throughout the day, including Marmont in his Memoirs, Captain Coignet: "We were retreating in good order but all ready to start running at the earliest sign of danger", Captain Gervais: "In this battle, we The Battle of Marengo many times on the verge of being defeated. The enemy cavalry, on a terrain favourable to this arm, charged us repeatedly. Marengo order of battle - Wikipedia

With Napoleon's army lying across the Habsburg army's line of communications to the west, Melas resolved to attack. Early in the morning, the Habsburg army advanced from the city of Alessandria and took the French army by surprise. It was not until am before Melas' army completely moved through a bottleneck at the Bormida River bridges. At first the Austrian attack stalled, slowed by bitter French resistance. By pm, the Habsburg army compelled their outnumbered opponents to retreat. Combined with a quick burst of cannon fire and a well-timed cavalry charge, the surprise assault caused a complete collapse of the Austrian center column, which fled to the temporary safety of Alessandria. The Austrians admitted losing 9, killed, wounded and missing, but some estimates range as high as 11,—12, casualties. The Austrians lost one general killed and five wounded. The victory gave Bonaparte enough bargaining leverage to gain control of northwest Italy during the subsequent negotiations. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Marengo Order of Battle. Smith listed the battalions The Battle of Marengo noting which brigade they belonged to. However, the way they were ordered suggested that the lists in this table are probably accurate. Categories : orders of battle. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View The Battle of Marengo. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download The Battle of Marengo PDF Printable version. Add links. General of Brigade Claude Ursule Gency. The Battle of Marengo Horse Grenadiers. Guard Horse Chasseurs. Ottocaner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. General-major Franz Xaver Saint-Julien. Feldmarschall-Leutnant Konrad Valentin von Kaim. General-major Vinzenz Knesevich. Feldmarschall- Leutnant Anton von Elsnitz. Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ferdinand Johann von Morzin [6] [note 3]. Feldmarschall-Leutnant Joseph von Schellenberg. Battle of Marengo | Summary | Britannica

Marengo County is a county located in the west central portion of the U. As of the censusthe population was 21, Stephens on October 24, The county was named to commemorate Napoleon 's victory at the Battle of Marengo over Austrian armies on June 14, In a number of French settled the area around Demopolis. They were trying to develop a Vine and Olive Colony. They renamed the territory as Haitithe second republic in the western hemisphere. The county seat was originally known as the Town of Marengo, but in the name was changed to Linden. Each time most of the court records were saved, as they were in a protected vault. Situated in Alabama's Black Belt and having a naturally rich soil, the county was developed by planters for numerous cotton plantationsdependent on the labor of large gangs of enslaved The Battle of Marengo Americans. In the population consisted of 24, slaves, free whites including slave ownersand one "free person of color ," for a total combined population of 31, The fourth-oldest Jewish congregation in Alabama, B'nai Jeshurunwas established in Demopolis in by immigrants and migrants from other Southern cities. After the American Civil Warthe economy continued to be based on agriculture. In the transition to free labor, many freedmen turned to sharecropping or tenant farming as a way to establish some independence. They did not want to work in white-controlled field gangs. The county population began to diminish rapidly during and after World War II. People left the farms for manufacturing jobs elsewhere, particularly with the The Battle of Marengo buildup of The Battle of Marengo defense industry on the West Coast. In addition to seeking jobs, they sought better conditions than the disfranchisement and Jim Crow oppression they faced in Alabama and other states of the South. The former cotton fields were gradually converted to other uses. Some were used for pastures for cattle and horsesothers for woodlands for timber, and others developed as commercial catfish ponds for farming grain-fed catfish. The work force was employed in paper millslumber millsand chemical plants. Marengo County is situated in the west-central area of the state. The Battle of Marengo of the censusthere were 21, people living in the county. In there were 22, people, 8, households, and 6, families living in the county. The racial makeup of the county was There were 8, households, out of which The average household size was 2. In the county, the population was spread out, with The median age was 36 years. The Battle of Marengo every females there were For every females age 18 and over, there were About According to the New York The Battle of Marengobythe rural Black Belt called that for its soil that stretches across the middle of the state is home The Battle of Marengo largely poor counties that are predominantly African-American. These counties include DallasLowndesMarengo and Perry. The Tombigbee River and Black Warrior River form portions of The Battle of Marengo western and northern county borders and provide recreational opportunities. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Location within the U. Alabama's location within the U. Presidential elections results. Retrieved November 30, United States Census Bureau. Archived from the The Battle of Marengo on June 6, Retrieved May 16, The Heritage of Marengo County, Alabamapages Clanton, Alabama: Heritage Publishing Consultants, Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. Drake and Son, Archived from the original on May 6, Retrieved Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Retrieved 5 October August 22, Retrieved August 22, Retrieved May 17, Decennial Census". University of Virginia Library. March 24, April 2, Marengo County Schools. School In Sites. Retrieved 2 October Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University. Archived from the original on 24 November Retrieved 6 December Archived from the original on August 19, Archived from the original on 25 November National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, Alabama Historical Commission. May 31, Archived from the original PDF on June 6, Retrieved 6 June Presidential Elections". Retrieved November 21, Places adjacent to Marengo County, Alabama. Marengo County, Alabama. County seat : Linden. Demopolis Linden. Nanafalia Putnam. United States portal. Post Office The Battle of Marengo Bluff. State of Alabama. Montgomery capital. Seal of Alabama. Amphibians Gardens Mammals Reptiles Trees. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Marengo County Courthouse in Linden. United States. Battle of Marengo [1]. County Number 48 on Alabama Licence Plates. Decennial Census [9] — [10] — [11] — [12] — [2]. Greene County. Greene County and Hale County.