DOCSLIB.ORG

Macedonia 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Macedonia 2018 Macedonia 2018 1 Table of Contents Doing Business in Macedonia ________________________________________ 5 Market Overview ______________________________________________________________ 5 Market Challenges _____________________________________________________________ 5 Market Opportunities ___________________________________________________________ 5 Market Entry Strategy __________________________________________________________ 6 Political Environment _______________________________________________ 7 Political Environment __________________________________________________________ 7 Selling U.S. Products & Services ______________________________________ 8 Using an Agent to Sell U.S. Products and Services __________________________________ 8 Establishing an Office __________________________________________________________ 8 Franchising __________________________________________________________________ 8 Direct Marketing _______________________________________________________________ 8 Joint Ventures/Licensing _______________________________________________________ 9 Selling to the Government ______________________________________________________ 9 Distribution & Sales Channels __________________________________________________ 10 Express Delivery _____________________________________________________________ 10 Selling Factors & Techniques ___________________________________________________ 10 eCommerce _________________________________________________________________ 11 Trade Promotion & Advertising _________________________________________________ 13 Pricing ______________________________________________________________________ 14 Sales Service/Customer Support ________________________________________________ 14 Protecting Intellectual Property _________________________________________________ 14 Due Diligence ________________________________________________________________ 15 Local Professional Services ____________________________________________________ 15 Principle Business Associations ________________________________________________ 16 Limitations on Selling US Products and Services __________________________________ 16 Web Resources ______________________________________________________________ 16 Leading Sectors for US Exports & Investments _________________________ 18 Energy ______________________________________________________________________ 18 Transportation _______________________________________________________________ 20 Computers and Information Technology Equipment ________________________________ 21 Construction and Building Materials _____________________________________________ 22 Hotel and Restaurant Equipment / Tourism _______________________________________ 23 Agricultural Sector ___________________________________________________________ 23 Customs, Regulations & Standards ___________________________________ 26 Trade Barriers _______________________________________________________________ 26 Import Tariff _________________________________________________________________ 27 Import Requirements & Documentation __________________________________________ 27 Labeling/Marking Requirements ________________________________________________ 28 U.S. Export Controls __________________________________________________________ 28 Temporary Entry _____________________________________________________________ 28 Prohibited & Restricted Imports _________________________________________________ 28 Customs Regulations _________________________________________________________ 28 Standards for Trade ___________________________________________________________ 29 Trade Agreements ____________________________________________________________ 30 Licensing Requirements for Professional Services _________________________________ 30 Web Resources ______________________________________________________________ 30 Investment Climate Statement _______________________________________ 31 Executive Summary ___________________________________________________________ 31 Trade & Project Financing __________________________________________ 32 Methods of Payment __________________________________________________________ 32 Banking Systems _____________________________________________________________ 32 Foreign Exchange Controls ____________________________________________________ 34 US Banks & Local Correspondent Banks _________________________________________ 34 Project Financing _____________________________________________________________ 35 Multilateral Development Banks: ________________________________________________ 36 Financing Web Resources _____________________________________________________ 36 Business Travel ___________________________________________________ 37 Business Customs____________________________________________________________ 37 Travel Advisory ______________________________________________________________ 37 Visa Requirements ___________________________________________________________ 37 Currency ____________________________________________________________________ 37 Telecommunications/Electronics ________________________________________________ 38 Transportation _______________________________________________________________ 38 Language ___________________________________________________________________ 40 Health ______________________________________________________________________ 40 Local Time, Business Hours and Holidays ________________________________________ 40 Temporary Entry of Materials or Personal Belongings ______________________________ 41 Travel Related Web Resources _________________________________________________ 41 INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Doing Business in Macedonia Market Overview The Republic of Macedonia is an emerging market. With a population of less than 2 million, this small, land- locked economy in South Eastern Europe has made great strides in reforming its economy over the past two decades, but remains one of Europe’s poorest countries. EU and NATO candidate Ranked 11th best by the World Bank’s Doing Business 2018 report Open economy that welcomes foreign direct investment and trade Middle-income country with per capita income of $5,474 in 2017 Sound macroeconomic fundamentals Stable currency pegged to the euro Low inflation (1.4 percent in 2017) GDP stagnated at zero percent in 2017 Unemployment rate of 21.6 percent; youth unemployment of 44.3 percent Competitive wages (average monthly salary of $421 in 2017) English-speaking workforce Low taxes: 10 percent rate on personal and corporate income Largest sources of FDI are Austria (12.4 percent of total), the Netherlands (11.4 percent), Germany (10.8 percent), Slovenia (10.0 percent), and Greece (8.3 percent) Total 2017 trade (imports plus exports) of $13.4 billion, or 118.1 percent of GDP Largest trading partners in 2017 were Germany (26.7 percent of total trade), UK (6.4 percent) Greece (6.1 percent), Serbia (6.0 percent), and Bulgaria (5.0 percent) In 2017, the United States was Macedonia’s 16th largest trading partner. U.S.- Macedonia trade totaled $232 million, of which U.S. exports were $176 million (Government of Macedonia statistics) In 2017, U.S.-Macedonia trade totaled $297 million, of which U.S. exports were $41 million (U.S. Government statistics) Member of European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) and Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA); bilateral Free Trade Agreements with Turkey and Ukraine. Market Challenges Weak rule of law and corruption Political interference in the economy Slow moving judicial system Legislative and regulatory contradictions Inefficient bureaucracy Opaque tendering process Inconsistent enforcement of intellectual property rights Delays in collecting payments from both public and private sector entities Need for improvements in transport infrastructure Market Opportunities The most successful U.S. trade products during 2017 in Macedonia were engine and engine parts, parts and accessories of vehicles, pharmaceutical preparations, chemicals, industrial machines, meat and poultry, and computer hardware and software.Energy – The government has privatized some energy assets and is providing concessions for other energy opportunities. The private electricity distribution company continues to make substantial infrastructure investments. Transportation – As Macedonia upgrades its transportation infrastructure, there are opportunities in this sector. Information Technology and Computers – This growing sector continues to provide opportunities for U.S. companies. Construction – There are both export and investment opportunities available for U.S. companies in the construction and building materials sector. Tourism – The country’s geographical location, scenic areas, and historic and religious sites provide opportunities for tourism industry investment, development, and management. Agriculture – Agriculture is an important segment of the economy, and there are opportunities for trade and investment in agriculture and food processing equipment. Market Entry Strategy The best strategy to enter the market varies according to the product, service, industry, and company’s long-term strategy. Visiting the country to determine the best market entry strategy is recommended. Before choosing local agents or distributors, due diligence is crucial. Maintaining close contact with them is also important. Establishing qualified local legal services for contract negotiations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE MACEDONIA TIMELESS – EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS INTO the LIMITS of NOSTALGIA AS a MARKETING CONCEPT in TOURISM 1 Dr
    09/2013 Conference CCCS "CulturalMemory", Skopje, THE MACEDONIA TIMELESS – EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE LIMITS OF NOSTALGIA AS A MARKETING CONCEPT IN TOURISM 1 Dr. Saša Poljanec-Borić Dr. Caroline Hornstein Tomić Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar Zagreb, Croatia HYPOTHESIS Tourism campaigns are useful nation branding instruments and thus make part of nation state building projects. This holds true for the SOE region Skopje, 09/2013Skopje, in general, and is particularly visible in the cases of Conference Memory", CCCS "Cultural Slovenia, Croatia and Macedonia. The complexity and coherence of the SEE tourism campaigns seem to be correlating with the prospects and dynamics of EU accession. Nostalgia as a concept applied in most of SOE tourist marketing campaigns can be considered as a social phenomenon of memory production, as a dialogue with the past which serves horizontally public and collective aims. 2 THE CASE OF SLOVENIA Center za turistično in ekonomsko propagando je bil uradno Skopje, 09/2013Skopje, ustanovljen 1. oktobra 1983. V ta čas spada vrsta Conference Memory", CCCS "Cultural zanimivih aktivnosti, ki jih je centru pomagal sooblikovati Studio marketing: celostna podoba z lipovim listom, široka animacija domače javnosti, vrsta plakatov, prospekti, film, priponke, razglas in slogani. Države že od nekdaj med seboj tekmujejo za pozornost medijev in drugih ciljnih skupin, tekmujejo za investicije, za boljši položaj na mednarodnem trgu blaga in storitev … In tekmujejo tudi za turiste. Slovenija se je pomena graditve samostojne prepoznavnosti zavedala zelo zgodaj, še pred osamosvojitvijo pred 20 leti. Akcija Slovenija, moja dežela je postavila temelje graditve znamke naše dežele. 3 Source: http://www.slovenia.info/?zgodovina_znamke=0 POLITICAL ROOT Zasluga, da so te akcije promocije Slovenije kot turistične destinacije zagledale luč sveta, gre tistim, ki so veliko Skopje, 09/2013Skopje, prispevali k njihovemu nastanku: Jerneju Repovšu, Zlatku Conference Memory", CCCS "Cultural Jančiču, Miru Klinetu.
    [Show full text]
  • Skopje Тop 10
    A WALK THROUGH THE ETERNAL CITY SKOPJE ТOP 10 Scupi Skopje City Tour Canyon Matka 4 Near the city of Skopje, there are ruins of the 7 There is a double-decker panoramic bus in On just around 20 kilometres from Skopje, old ancient city of Scupi, an important centre Skopje which provides several tours around 1 from the time of the Roman Empire, which visit the canyon or, more precisely, the home the biggest attractions in the city. Its tour of the deepest underwater cave in Europe. you may visit. However, the most valuable starts from Porta Macedonia, near the The Canyon is the favourite place for lots of artifacts of this city are placed in the Macedonia square. climbers, kayakers, alpinists, cyclists and all Archeological museum of Macedonia. those who want to spend some time away Tauresium from the city, in the local restaurant. 8 This locality, near the village Taor, is the birth The Old Bazaar place of the great Emperor Justinianus I, who is Millennium Cross famous for bringing the law reforms on which even 5 The kaldrma of the Old Bazaar in the present Roman citizen law is based on. 2 The city bus number 25 shall take you to Middle the centre of the city is going to Vodno and by the ropeway you can get to the take you to the most beautiful top of Vodno mountain, where not only will you souvenirs, antiquities and Burek see the highest cross in the world, but you will handmade works of art, you will see The burek is a pie filled either with meat, cheese, spinach also enjoy the most beautiful view of the city.
    [Show full text]
  • English Bilten 2019
    Sponsor of the competition: The mayor of the municipality Of Ohrid General Sponsor: Organizer: OEMUC ”St.Naum Ohridski” – Ohrid Balkan Junior 2019 NEWSLETTER OEMUC” St. Naum Ohridski” NEWSLETTER 7. International competition Ohrid, 2019 Balkan Junior 2019 NEWSLETTER OEMUC” St. Naum Ohridski” REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA Official name Republic of North Macedonia or North Macedonia Capital Skopje Official language Macedonian Government Unitary parliamentary republic Demonym(s) Macedonian History Independence declared from SRFY 8 September 1991 Officialy recognized 8 April 1993 Area 25,713 km2 (148ма) Water (%) 1,9% Currency Macedonian Denar (MKD) Membership in international United Nations1993; European Council; organizations Independence Day 8 September Balkan Junior 2019 NEWSLETTER OEMUC” St. Naum Ohridski” The state's name derives from the Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía). The name was used for Macedonian Empire, later for the Roman Province, Byzantian theme Macedonia, until today for the region Macedonia and the state Macedonia. The name is believed to have originally meant either highlanders or the tall ones, possibly descriptive of the people. Archaeological findings show that civilization existed on the territory of Macedonia from the period between 9000 BC. and 3500 BC For the first time, the Macedonian Kingdom appears in the 9th century BC, and there is a dilemma about who was the first Macedonian king - Karan (considered to be the mythical ancestor of the Argeades) or Perdiccas I (the first historical king of the Kingdom of Macedonia) . The penetration of the Roman Republic to the east leads to the so-called Macedonian-Roman wars (215 BC - 168 BC) in which the Macedonian Kingdom, led by the Antigonine Dynasty, falls entirely under Roman rule, and the last Macedonian king Perseus was taken as a slave to Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Ohrid and Lake Ohrid Are UNESCO Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites.  Alexander the Great Was Born in 356 BC in Pella, the Capital of Ancient Macedonia
    Ohrid and Lake Ohrid are UNESCO natural and cultural heritage sites. Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia. Mother Theresa of Calcutta was born in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia. There are four national parks in Macedonia: Galichica, Mavrovo, Pelister and Jasen, which cover an area of approximately 110,000 hectares. Approximately half the population of Macedonia is under 30 years of age. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia became an official member of the United Nations Organization on April 8th, 1993. The vote was unanimous and it became the 184th member. Macedonia is known for its vineyards that cover approximately 74,000 acres. Approximately 700,000 tourists visit Macedonian lakes and mountains every year. More than 400,000 people visit the 22 or more Macedonian museums every year. The Macedonian documentary film ‘Dae’ directed by Stole Popov was nominated in the 1980 Academy Awards. The film ‘Before the Rain’ from Milcho Manchevski , obtained the Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival, and was also nominated in the 1995 Academy Awards. The first Macedonian opera took place in 1926. One of the most renowned operas is 'Goce', by Kiril Makedonski, which performed on May 24th, 1954. Gligor Smokvarski’s ballet ‘A Macedonian Story’ first performed in 1953. Macedonia is known for its cultural and artistic scene, and has over 99 cultural, artistic, and educational associations presenting performances in Albanian, Turkish and Roman. There are over 99 amateur cultural, artistic and educational associations presenting concerts, music, theatre and art exhibitions. Macedonia is known for its antique churches, monasteries and frescoes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Founding Trauma of National Identity in Films of Milčo Mančevski
    94 Homer, S., The Founding Trauma of National Identity in the Films of Milčo Mančevski Original research article Received: 13 October 2016 The Founding Trauma of National Identity in the Films of Milčo Mančevski SEAN HOMER American University in Bulgaria Summary The Macedonian filmmaker Milčo Mančevski is adamant that there is no such thing as Balkan cinema and he is not “a Balkan filmmaker”. He has re- peatedly stated that his films are about people and not place, and insists that it is a fundamental mistake to read a film that is from somewhere as necessar- ily about somewhere. In this paper I argue, to the contrary, that Mančevski’s films are deeply rooted in a specific geopolitical space. Mančevski’s films range across genre, time and place, their experimental form disrupts narrative conventions and presents the past as discontinuous and open. The films en- gage in complicated and often indirect ways with our relationship to the past and how the past can be represented. Mančevski’s films, I contend, struggle with the “founding trauma” of national identity, that is to say, with the crea- tion of the modern Macedonian state out of the ruins of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century and more recently the expulsion of the Slavic population from Northern Greece after the end of the Second World War. Furthermore, his films deploy elements of a national imaginary to construct a unique “timeless” and “mythical” Macedonian national iden- tity. Keywords: Milčo Mančevski, Balkan Cinema, The Founding Trauma, Macedo- nia, National Identity Introduction In an on-line symposium of Balkan filmmakers and critics in 2007, hosted by the journal Cineaste, the editors asked the participants to what degree we can speak of Balkan cinema and what is the single most important issue that makes the biggest professional difference in their life as a Balkan filmmaker.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Tourists As a Sustainable Boost to Low Seasons in Ex-Yugoslavia Destinations
    sustainability Article Chinese Tourists as a Sustainable Boost to Low Seasons in Ex-Yugoslavia Destinations Andrej Agacevic * and Ming Xu Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 5 December 2019; Accepted: 31 December 2019; Published: 7 January 2020 Abstract: Seasonality is a major issue for sustainable tourism as it governs the optimal use of investment, infrastructure and human capital. Given the increasing numerical and financial significance of Chinese outbound tourism, the ex-Yugoslavia (ex-Yu) countries, partaking in the Belt and Road Initiative, are presented with a potential boost to their Tourism and Travel Industry (T&T) by attracting Chinese travelers during the low season. In an attempt to provide an answer to the RQ and justify grounds for future research and efforts towards developing content and services for Chinese travelers, to be undertaken mostly by Tourism Boards and DMOs in ex-Yugoslavia, this paper explores several aspects: The importance of the T&T in the 6 ex-Yu countries, with focus on the Economic indicators; within the Triple Bottom Line’s (TBL) theme of Seasonality, the existence of meaningful overlaps or mismatches between trends in inbound tourism across ex-Yugoslavia countries and trends in China’s outbound tourism; if meaningful mismatches exist, especially in ex-Yu low seasons, could Chinese tourists be an asset? Although the focus is on the Economic dimension of the TBL through its theme of Seasonality, the other two dimensions, Social and Environmental, are also considered; potential effects and interactions of the Viable, Equitable and Bearable sub-dimensions are also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison and the Effectiveness of Tourism Policies Between Macedonia and Serbia
    TURIZAM Volume 22, Issue 2 42–51 (2018) ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Comparison and the Effectiveness of Tourism Policies between Macedonia and Serbia Dejan GalovskiA Received: January 2018 | Accepted: February 2018 DOI: 10.5937/22-17526 Abstract Tourism is one of the most growing industries and engine of the national economies. In the recent years, every tourist destination and countries as a one tourist destination implement many marketing policy and strategies to promote and developed their national tourism prod- ucts. In this paper will compare Macedonian and Serbian tourism marketing policy and will see what kind of efforts and which activities and resources are used for promotion and devel- opment of national tourism products. Macedonia and Serbia are neighbor countries and they offer same types of tourism as a mountain, city and religious tourism and also exchange of tourist from both countries is on a high level. Also will analyze who create and implemented tourism marketing policy in each country. In detail, will analyze the assets which are sort out for development and promotion of Macedonian and Serbian tourism products and their effect on the increasing or decreasing number of tourists. The effectiveness of tourism policy of both destinations will analyze through competitiveness index and quantitative analyze. With Trav- el and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) by World Economic Forum will compare the competitiveness of both countries. Also with quantitative analyze of tourism indicators will see which destination is more successful. The period that will analyze will be from 2009 to the 2015 year. Keywords: tourism, marketing, destination, comparison, competitiveness, Macedonia, Serbia Introduction In the recent years, every country around the world takes many steps to increase the number of visitors in their country.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism FIN.Pdf
    This document has been produced with the financial assistance of National Endowment for Democracy (NED), and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF), as part of their support for The Balkan Forum’s work in the Western Balkans. The content is the responsibility of Balkania and The Balkan Forum, and does not necessarily reflect the views of the donors (NED or RBF), their staff, associates or Board(s). 2 The Balkan Forum. Tourism: An Overview. The geographic focus is Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia. 3 Contents 1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 5 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................. 7 2 Overview of states, territory, population and tourism strategies ......................... 8 3 Tourism findings in the region ......................................................................................... 11 4 Best practices in tourism development ........................................................................ 20 5 Key tourist attractions by country .................................................................................. 24 6 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 35 Table 1: The territory of interest in the Balkan peninsula by countries, territory and population ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 “Skopje 2014” – Between Belated Nation-Building and the Challenges of Globalisation a Dissertation Submitted in Partial
    Skopje 2014 – Between Belated Nation-Building and the Challenges of Globalisation A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of doctor philosophiae to the Department of Political and Social Sciences of Freie Universität Berlin by Zan Ilieski Berlin, 2017 1 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Manuela Boatca Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg Institute of Sociology Global Studies Programme Prof. Dr. Katharina Bluhm Freie Universität Berlin Department of Political and Social Sciences Institute for East-European Studies Date of defense: 19 July, 2017 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................................3 SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................................9 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG............................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK..............................................................................................27 Research problem..................................................................................................................................27 Democracy – a contested notion...........................................................................................................34
    [Show full text]
  • The Macedonian Question: 20 Years of Political Struggle Into European Integration Structures
    The Macedonian Question: 20 Years of Political Struggle into European Integration Structures Zhidas Daskalovski, Marija Risteska (Editors) With contributions of: Biljana Vankovska, Aleksandar Mitreski, Nedzad Mehmedovic, Didem Ekinci, Dragan Tevdovski, Christopher K. Lamont Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar The map of Macedonia after the Table of Content has been taken over from the CIA World Facebook, 2012. Rangendingen/Germany, May 2012 © by LIBERTAS & CRPM LIBERTAS – Europäisches Institut GmbH, Lindenweg 37, 72414 Rangendingen, Germany Phone +49 7471 984996-0, fax +49 7471 984996-19 eMail (also for orders): [email protected] www.libertas-institut.eu In cooperation with: Center for Research and Policy Making (CRPM), St. Cico Popovic 6-2/9, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia, Phone: +389 2 3109932 eMail: [email protected] www.crpm.org.mk, www.policy.mk ISBN (eBook) 978-3-937642-22-2 ISBN (Print version) 978-3-937642-23-9 2 Content Map of Macedonia and the neighbouring states 4 Introduction by the Editors 5 Zhidas Daskalovski / Marija Risteska The Procrustean Bed of the State Building in the Republic of Macedonia (1991-2011) 8 Biljana Vankovska On Macedonia’s Nation Branding 27 Aleksandar Mitreski / Nedzad Mehmetovic Rethinking the Role of International Organizations in State Building: 44 The UN, the OSCE, and the EU in Macedonia since 1991 Didem Ekinci Economic Development in Macedonia: Issues and Challenges 60 Dragan Tevdovski Forging Transitional Justice: The Reconciliation of Law and Transition in Macedonia 76 Christopher K.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Macedonian Tourism Marketing Policy on Visitors At
    Effectiveness of Macedonian Tourism Marketing Policy on Visitors at Tourism Fairs Dejan Galovski Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Bulgaria [email protected] In this paper, the efforts that Macedonia makes for promotion and positioning it as a tourist destination will be reviewed. In recent years Macedonia much effort has invested in the development and promotion of tourism products, as well strategies, plans, and programs to promote that nation’s tourism potential. The Agency for the Promotion and Support of Tourism has a major role through their annual programs realize goals and projects to promote and support tourism. Every year, the agency participates in international tourism fairs where it promotes the tourism potentials and natural beauties of Macedonia, and establishes collaboration contacts for the development of tourism there. In addition to international tourism fairs, they par- ticipate in creating marketing campaigns, promotional videos, online campaigns, and similar activities. In this paper, national marketing campaigns as a tourist des- tination, which have primary role of promoting Macedonia in global media, will be analysed and their effects reviewed. For the purpose of this paper, research has been conducted, a questionnaire with multiple choice, checkbox, and scale ques- tions about visitors’ opinions at the international tourism fairs in Sofia, Bulgaria, and in Belgrade, Serbia in February 2016. Interviewees were specifically asked about whether they were familiar with the range of tourism services and facilities in Mace- donia, tourism marketing campaigns of Macedonia, the latter’s impact on them, and the evaluation of the presentation of Macedonia at the tourism fair.
    [Show full text]
  • Promotion: Branding Tool for Macedonia As a Tourist Destination
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Milenkovska, Violeta; Strezovski, Zoran; Milenkovska, Angela Article Promotion: Branding tool for Macedonia as a tourist destination UTMS Journal of Economics Provided in Cooperation with: University of Tourism and Management, Skopje Suggested Citation: Milenkovska, Violeta; Strezovski, Zoran; Milenkovska, Angela (2015) : Promotion: Branding tool for Macedonia as a tourist destination, UTMS Journal of Economics, ISSN 1857-6982, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Vol. 6, Iss. 2, pp. 355-363 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146369 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Violeta Milenkovska, Zoran Strezovski, and Angela Milenkovska. 2015. Promotion: Branding Tool for Macedonia as a Tourist Destination.UTMS Journal of Economics 6 (2): 355–363.
    [Show full text]