Toxicological Profile for Ethylene Oxide

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ETHYLENE OXIDE 92 CHAPTER 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Ethylene oxide is both a manmade substance and a natural substance produced in the body via oxidation of absorbed or endogenously produced ethylene during normal oxidation processes. Table 4-1 lists common synonyms, trade names, and other pertinent identification information for ethylene oxide. Table 4-1. Chemical Identity of Ethylene Oxide Characteristic Information Reference Chemical name Ethylene oxide HSDB 2010 Synonym(s) and registered Oxirane; dihydro-oxirane; dimethylene HSDB 2010; Parod 2014; trade name(s) oxide; epoxyethane; ETO; Anprolene; WHO 2003 Oxyfume; T-Gas; 1,2-epoxyethane; ethene oxide; diethylene oxide; E.O.; oxane; oxidoethane Chemical formula C2H4O EPA 2017b Chemical structure H H H C C H O CAS Registry Number 75-21-8 WHO 2003 CAS = Chemical Abstracts Service 4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Ethylene oxide is a colorless, flammable gas. It is highly soluble in water (1x106 mg/L at 20°C) and possesses a high vapor pressure (1.095x103 mm Hg at 20°C). Table 4-2 lists important physical and chemical properties of ethylene oxide. ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** ETHYLENE OXIDE 93 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION Table 4-2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Ethylene Oxide Property Information Reference Molecular weight 44.05 g/mol WHO 2003 Color Colorless WHO 2003 Physical state Gas NIOSH 2007 Melting point -111.7°C HSDB 2010 Boiling point 51°F (10.6°C) NIOSH 2016 Density at 10°C 0.8824 HSDB 2010; Weast 1985 Odor Sweet, olefinic; ether-like NIOSH 2007; Verschueren 1983 Odor threshold: Water 140 mg/L Amoore and Hautala 1983 Air 787 mg/m3 (432.85 ppm) Amoore and Hautala 1983 Solubility: Water at 20°C 1x106 mg/L EPA 2017b Organic solvents Soluble in alcohol, ether, EPA 2017b acetone, benzene Partition coefficients: Log Kow -0.22 EPA 2017b Log Koc 1.204 WHO 2003 Vapor pressure at 20°C 1.095x103 mm Hg EPA 2017b Henry's law constant at 25°C 1.48x10-4 atm-m3/mol HSDB 2010 Autoignition temperature 429°C HSDB 2010 Flashpoint <-18°C (open cup) HSDB 2010 Flammability limits Lower: 3.0% HSDB 2010 Upper: 100% Conversion factors 1 ppm=1.83 mg/m3 WHO 2003 1 mg/m3=0.55 ppm Explosive limits Lower: 3.0% HSDB 2010 Upper: 100% ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** .

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