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(Asteraceae) in Iran: 14 New Species and Diagnostic Keys

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(Asteraceae) in Iran: 14 New Species and Diagnostic Keys A TAXONOMIC SURVEY OF ECHINOPS L. TRIBE ECHINOPEAE (ASTERACEAE) IN IRAN: 14 NEW SPECIES AND DIAGNOSTIC KEYS V. Mozaffarian Mozaffarian, V. 2006 01 01: A taxonomic survey of Echinops L. Tribe Echinopeae (Asteraceae) in Iran: 14 new species and diagnostic keys. -Iran. Journ. Bot. 11 (2): 197-239. Tehran. Fourteen new species of Echinops (viz. Echinops abazariae, E. austro- iranicus, E. avajensis, E. delicatus, E. kazerunensis, E. kermanshahnicus, E. khansaricus, E. khuzistanicus, E. laricus, E. leiopolyceroides, E. psammophilus, E. sabzevarensis, E. shulabadensis and E. viscidulus) are described and illustrated. Notes on the taxonomic characteristics of the genus, and a revised diagnostic key to the species of Echinops L. are given. The new described species belong to Sect. Oligolepis Bunge, and Sect. Rytrodes Bunge, and are endemic to Iran. Valiollah Mozaffarian, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P. O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran. Key words. Echinops, Asteraceae description, geographical distribution, diagnostic key, Sect. Oligolepis, Bunge, Sect. Rytrodes Bunge, taxonomy, Iran. Asteraceae Echinopeae Echinops L. Echinops L. Asteraceae ! "# $ %& '( )*+ $ : /08 90 ! .26& ,- .' /01 23 /& 45 /*' C ,-;< =-& & >?+ < @ & A0B / 6 2.< : $ ,-;< D4% ED /& =- & /01 $ . $ 22 /- 93 $IJ . /H /- 6 2.< FG& /& 26& Sect. Rytrodes Bunge Sect. Oligolepis Bunge /& K.* /< /- LM 9- /I? /& /< 22 /- 9- . ' 9 : 2N /'J ,- .' Echinops abazariae Mozaff., E. austro-iranicus Mozaff., E. avajensis Mozaff., E. delicatus Mozaff., E. kazerunensis Mozaff., E. kermanshahanicus Mozaff., E. khansaricus Mozaff., E. khuzistanicus Mozaff., E. laricus Mozaff., E. leiopolyceroides Mozaff., E. psammophilus Mozaff., E. sabzevarensis Mozaff., E. shulabadensis Mozaff., E. viscidulus Mozaff. در ﺿﻤﻦ ﻳﺎدآوري ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در ﻣﺠﻼت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﭽﺎب رﺳﻴﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در اﻳﺮان را ﺑﻪ 70 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎء ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ، ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﺴﺖ از: E. longipenicillatus Mozaff. & Ghahr., E. procerus Mozaff., E. shahrudensis Mozaff. & Ghahr., E. taftanicus Mozaff. & Ghahr. در ﺿﻤﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻬﻤﺮاه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ Echinopeae اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Echinops in Iran 199 INTRODUCTION addition to the characters previously Echinops L. (Asteraceae) is one of the most considered by taxonomists some new features problematic genera of the Iranian flora. It have been taken into consideration. shows a predominantly Irano-Turanian and It was attempted to collect most of the Sudano-Zambezian distribution which species from the already known and recorded penetrate into the Mediterranean and Euro- localities. Many of the critical groups were Siberian regions. Most species are prevalent in examined during field studies. A total of 2000 secondary plant communities as ruderal specimens have been collected and studied. A species along roads and degraded lands, and large part of these collections is currently rarely do they occur in climax natural preserved in TARI. According to this study a vegetation. The genus was reviewed by von total of 70 species of Echinops growing in Bunge (1863), Boissier (1875), and Iran, which are belonging to 3 different Bornmüller (1918). According to Rechinger sections; 40 species of them belong to Sect. (1979) a total of 74 species have been recorded Oligolepis Bunge, of which 27 species were from the Flora Iranica area, of which 54 already accounted for in the Flora Iranica, and species including 35 endemics were known 17 species belong to Sect. Rytrodes Bunge of from Iran. The Iranian species are classified which 14 species were already accounted for in into three sections: Echinops, Oligolepis the Flora Iranica, 13 species belong to Sect. Bunge and Rytrodes Bunge, among which Echinops of which were already accounted for Sect. Oligolepis with 27 species is the largest in the Flora Iranica. Previously species have one in Iran. already been described by the author As pointed out by Rechinger there are great (Mozaffarian & Ghahreman 2002a, 2002b). difficulties in identifying most species because This paper completes the survey of Echinops, of variability in morphological characters and including an identification key to all species, due to the prickliness of the species. Usually and further describes 14 new species. most botanists avoid to collect such very spiny and tall-growing plants. Many herbarium NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC specimens are only fragmentary or are young CHARACTERS AND THEIR specimens lacking most of the important VARIATION taxonomic features. Also the fully grown plants are extremely difficult to handle, Life form because the heads readily break down. All members of Echinops are perennial, but Rechinger (1979) remarks that many some species, including E. delicatus Mozaff., specimens gathered by early collectors lack E. polygamus Bunge, E. ecbatanus Bornm. ex capitula. Rech. f. and E. khuzistanicus Mozaff., may In order to do a taxonomic survey of bear flowers in the first year, and so they may Echinops L. in Iran all specimens deposited in look like pseudo-annuals. herbaria of Research Institute of Forests and Habit Rangelands (TARI) and of Plant Pests and Most Echinops species have erect, ascending Diseases Research Institute (IRAN) in Tehran stems with divaricate branches which arise were examined. Because of poor collections of from the base or from the upper part of the the genus Echinops there, a comprehensive stem. Some many-stemmed species such as E. plant collection was undertaken for 90 days in ritrodes Bunge, E. macrophyllus Boiss. & 1998-99. In order to provide a better Hausskn. and E. procerus Mozaff., or prostrate knowledge of the taxonomy of the genus, in ones such as E. cephalotes DC. are also known in this genus. 200 V. Mozaffarian IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Due to the variability of habits and are mostly 2-4 pinnatisect or pinnatipartite branching systems there are no good leaves, with impressed nerves on the upper taxonomically important differences between surface and prominent on the lower. Some the species. species, such as E. ilicifolius Bunge, E. lasiolepis Bunge, E. laricus Mozaff., E. Indumentum iranshahri Rech. f., E. shulabadensis Mozaff. The type and abundance of indumentum on have sinuate-dentate leaves. stems, leaves and phyllaries are among the most important taxonomic charatcters in the Inflorescence genus. Most Echinops species have various Single-flowered capitula are congested into kinds of hairy stems, such as arachnoid- globose heads (synflorescence) around a tomentose, arachnoid-setose, glandulose- globose receptacle subtended by small villose, glandulose-araneose, glandulose- membranaceous bracts which are called papillose, arachnoid-eglandulose and crisped- ‘common involucre’. These heads may be glandulose hairs; exceptions are E. homomorphous (i. e., consisting of lower and heteromorphus Bunge, E. shahrudensis upper homogamous, hermaphrodite, non Mozaff. & Ghahr., E. procerus Mozaff. and E. cornigerous or equally cornigerous capitula), taftanicus Mozaff. & Ghahr. with stems heteromorphous and heterogamous (consiting glabrous below and hairy in upper parts, or of lower hermaphrodite fertile flowers and wholly glabrous as in E. ilicifolius Bunge. sterile cornigerous flowers in the upper part of The indument of the upper surface of leaves the heads). provides a taxonomically useful character. Having a cornigerous or non-cornigerous Whereas in many species the indument of the capitulum is taxonomically important for upper and lower surfaces are quite different including different species into distinct groups. and the leaves seem to be bicolour, various (plate 1. C, D) kinds of hairs can be observed on the upper surface such as arachnoid, arachnoid- Capitulum tomentose, glandulose-setose, glandulose- Each capitulum consists of only one flower punctate and arachnoid-floccose, on the subtended by 4 series of phyllaries. The contrary, the lower surface may be dense white outermost ones are changed into a brushes, and tomentose, and without great taxonomic the innermost series of brushes becomes wider relevance. There are some distinct species with and coloured at the top called ˝intermediate dense white indument around nerves on the pappus (pseudopappus)˝ (plate 1. A, it is upper surface, so called ‘marmorate hairy’ neither really brushes nor phyllaries); the outer such as E. shahrudensis Mozaff. & Ghahr., E. and middle series of phyllaries have different lalesarensis Bornm., E. austro-iranicus shapes, which may be linear, lanceolate, ovate, Mozaff., E. jesdianus Boiss. & Buhse, E. elliptic, etc., membranaceous or not. In villissimus Bunge, E. leucograpuhs Bunge; cornigerous species the middle series of exceptions are E. ilicifolius Bunge and E. phyllaries is well developed and changed into cyanocephalus Boiss. & Hausskn. with a horns (plate 1. B). The 5 innermost layers of single colour and mostly glabrous leaves on phyllaries are connected to each other and the upper and lower surfaces. cover the achenes in Sect. Oligolepis (plate 1. Leaves E). The position of different kinds of capitulum as to their indumentum (the upper The shape and size of leaves can be used for one hairy, the lower glabrous, or vice-versa, or specific distinction in several species. There IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 11 (2), 2006 Echinops in Iran 201 wholly glabrous) is a very important - Heads consisting of lower and upper taxonomic factor in dintinguishing the cornigerous capitula or only
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