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New and Interesting Species in the Family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Vietnam

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New and Interesting Species in the Family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Vietnam The Lichenologist 49(3): 259–268 (2017) © British Lichen Society, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0024282917000172 New and interesting species in the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from Vietnam Santosh JOSHI, Dalip K. UPRETI, Nguyen Thi THANH, Anh Dong NGUYEN and Jae-Seoun HUR Abstract: The lowland area of southern Vietnam contains a high diversity of corticolous, crustose lichens, particularly in the family Graphidaceae. Two species, Acanthothecis verrucosa S. Joshi, Upreti & Hur and Graphis exuta S. Joshi, Upreti & Hur, are described new to science. Acanthothecis verrucosa is characterized by a verrucose, olive green thallus containing irregular to shortly lirellate apothecia, hyaline to brownish proper exciple apically lined by robust periphysoids, muriform ascospores, 30–70 × 15–20 μm, and the presence of psoromic and subpsoromic acids. Graphis exuta is characterized by a smooth, greenish white thallus, simple lirellae lacking thalline margin, entire labia coarsely white pruinose towards slit, muriform ascospores, 20–35 × 10–13 μm, and norstictic acid in the thallus. A new name, Acanthothecis yokdonensis S. Joshi & Hur, is proposed here for the species Acanthothecis salazinica S. Joshi & Hur, a later homonym of A. salazinica van den Boom & Sipman. In addition, 34 species from Vietnam are newly reported. A world key to the group of Graphis species characterized by short, simple and sessile lirellae lacking or with basal thalline margins (nuda-morph) is presented. Key words: lichen, keys, mangrove, nomenclature, taxonomy, tropical Accepted for publication 3 January 2017 Introduction Park (CTNP) is situated in the south of Vietnam in Dong Nai, Binh Phuoc and The family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lam Dong Provinces. This national park is a Ostropales) is well represented in the tropi- transition between the Central-Southern cal rainforests of the world. Although the Highland and the Southern Plain biogeo- family is one of the most species rich in the graphical areas and includes the lowland Palaeotropics, knowledge of the Vietnamese tropical rainforests of Vietnam. Day Xay Graphidaceae has expanded significantly only Mangrove Park (DXMP) is located in the in recent years resulting in reports of more southern coastal region within the Can Gio than 70 species, belonging to 17 genera, from Biosphere Reserve in Ho Chi Minh City the tropical to subtropical regions of the Province (Fig. 1). In the current paper two country (Aptroot & Sparrius 2006; Joshi et al. new species, Acanthothecis verrucosa S. Joshi, 2013a, b, 2015a, b). Previous collections Upreti & Hur and Graphis exuta S. Joshi, were made from the northern and central Upreti & Hur, are described and a note on a highlands; this paper reports the results of nomenclature change for the previously collecting in two national parks in the described Acanthothecis salazinica S. Joshi lowland tropical forests. Cat Tien National & Hur is provided. In addition, 34 new records in the Graphidaceae of Vietnam S. Joshi and D. K. Upreti: Lichenology Laboratory, are reported (Table 1 & Supplementary CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Material, available online). Marg, Lucknow (UP)-226001, India. N. T. Thanh and A. D. Nguyen: Biotechnology Center, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan, Buon Materials and Methods Ma Thuot City, Vietnam. J.-S. Hur: (corresponding author): Korean Lichen Specimens were collected in December 2015 by J-S Hur Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon and J. J. Woo from lowland areas of Cat Tien National 540-742, South Korea. Email: [email protected] Park in Dong Nai Province and Day Xay Mangrove Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 06 Oct 2021 at 07:35:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282917000172 260 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 49 50 100 km Makhija & Adawadkar 2007; Archer 2009; Lücking 104º E 108º E 0 100 ml 2009; Lücking et al. 2009, 2012; Mangold 2009; Rivas CHINA Plata et al. 2010; Singh & Sinha 2010; Lumbsch et al. 2011; Sharma et al. 2012; Singh et al. 2013; Bárcenas Peña et al. 2014; Cáceres et al. 2014) were used for VIETNAM identification. Lugol’s solution was used to check the Northern Highlands amyloidity of the hymenium, asci and ascospores. 20º N 20º N New Species Acanthothecis verrucosa S. Joshi, LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Upreti & Hur sp. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 819452 Similar to Acanthothecis consocians in producing psoromic acid, but differs in having muriform ascospores. Type: Vietnam, Dong Nai Province, Tan Phu District, Nam Cat Tien Corn, Cat Tien National Park, eco-line road, 11°26'24·7''N, 107°24'54·8''E, elev. 151 m, on tree 16º N 16º N bark, 19 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150304 THAILAND (KoLRI—holotype). (Figs 2 & 3) Thallus corticolous, olive-green, green or dark green, verrucose, spread in large pat- Central ches, hard, glossy, continuous, 300–400 µm CAMBODIA Highlands thick; cortex 25–45 µm thick, continuous; photobiont Trentepohlia, in a layer 50–100 µm 12º N 12º N thick, inspersed with crystals; medulla white, Cat Tien National Park crystalline ≤200 µm thick; prothallus whitish. Dong Nai Apothecia irregular to shortly lirellate, Ho Chi Minh City sessile, 0·5–2·5×0·5–1·5 mm long, labiate; Dan Xay Mangrove Park labia white, straight to sometimes folded internally; disc mostly concealed to slightly exposed, white pruinose; thalline margin 200– µ 104º E 108º E 250 m thick; proper exciple poorly developed, apically hyaline to brownish, becoming well – µ FIG. 1. Map of Vietnam showing localities surveyed in developed at the base, 30 40 mthick, this study. internally lined by a distinct layer of warty, branched, robust periphysoids, 15–40 µm long, reaching above the hymenium; epihymenium greyish, crystalline, 15–25 µm Park in Ho Chi Minh City Province and are held in the – – herbarium of the Korean Lichen Research Institute, high; hymenium hyaline, clear, 160 190( 200) Suncheon, South Korea (KoLRI). The samples were µmhigh;subhymenium indistinct to 20 µm studied at the CSIR-National Botanical Research high; asci 2–8-spored, 150–190 × 20–27 µm; Institute, Lucknow, India using standard techniques. ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, muriform, Morphological and anatomical measurements were – µ – µ − made on material mounted in water and studied under 35 70 mlongand15 20 mwide,I . stereoscopic (MSZ-TR) and compound (LEICA DM − − 500) microscopes. Colour reaction spot tests and Chemistry.K ,PD+yellow,C ;psoromic thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in solvent system A and subpsoromic acids detected by TLC. were used for the determination of lichen compounds following Orange et al. (2010). Relevant references Etymology. The specific epithet refers to (Staiger & Kalb 1999; Staiger 2002; Frisch et al. 2006; the verrucose thallus of the new taxon. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 06 Oct 2021 at 07:35:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282917000172 https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Downloaded from 2017 New species of https://www.cambridge.org/core TABLE 1. New records of the Graphidaceae from Vietnam with their known distribution. New Records Distribution type Known distribution in Asia Acanthothecis dialeuca (Kremp.) Staiger & Kalb. Palaeotropics Malaysia, India, Thailand and Vietnam Chapsa hiata (Hale) Sipman pantropical India and Vietnam C. indica A. Massal. Palaeotropics India, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282917000172 Cruentotrema amazonum M. Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking Neotropics and Eastern Palaeotropics Vietnam Fissurina cingalina (Nyl.) Staiger Neotropics and Eastern Palaeotropics India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam F. insidiosa C. Knight & Mitt pantropical India, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam F. rufula (Mont.) Staiger pantropical India, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam . University of Athens F. subcomparimuralis Common & Lücking Neotropics and Eastern Palaeotropics Vietnam F. taeniocarpoides Makhija & Adaw. Eastern Palaeotropics India and Vietnam Graphis analoga Nyl. Palaeotropics China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam G. borealis (A. W. Archer) A. W. Archer Eastern Palaeotropics Vietnam Graphidaceae G. consimilis Vain. Eastern Palaeotropics Thailand and Vietnam G. cremicolor (H. Magn.) Lücking & A. W. Archer pantropical Hong Kong and Vietnam , on G. daintriensis (A. W. Archer) A. W. Archer Eastern Palaeotropics Vietnam 06 Oct2021 at07:35:42 G. furcata Fée pantropical India, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam G. imshaugii M. Wirth & Hale Neotropics and Eastern Palaeotropics Vietnam G. persicina Meyen & Flot. Palaeotropics Hong Kong, India, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam G. polillensis Vain. Eastern Palaeotropics The Philippines and Vietnam from Vietnam G. pseudoaquilonia Lücking Neotropics and Eastern Palaeotropics Thailand and Vietnam G. streimannii A. W. Archer Eastern Palaeotropics Thailand and Vietnam Hemithecium flabillatum (Makhija, Adaw. & Patw.) Eastern Palaeotropics India and Vietnam B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar , subjectto theCambridgeCore termsofuse,available at Melanotrema columellatum (Nyl.) Mangold Eastern Palaeotropics Singapore, Sri Lanka and Vietnam Myriotrema album Fée pantropical Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam M. viridialbum (Kremp.) Hale pantropical Vietnam — Nitidochapsa leprieurii (Mont.)
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