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Quaternary Geology of the Arden NTS Area (62J6), Southwestern Manitoba by T.J

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Quaternary Geology of the Arden NTS Area (62J6), Southwestern Manitoba by T.J GS-10 Quaternary geology of the Arden NTS area (62J6), southwestern Manitoba by T.J. Hodder and M.S. Trommelen Hodder, T.J. and Trommelen, M.S. 2015: Quaternary geology of the Arden NTS area (62J6), southwestern Manitoba; in Report of Activities 2015, Manitoba Mineral Resources, Manitoba Geological Survey, p. 115–123. Summary Previous work Quaternary geology investigations were undertaken Previous surficial geology in the summer of 2015 in the Arden NTS area (62J6), mapping within the study area southwestern Manitoba. Fieldwork focused on site char- was conducted by MGS (Mihy- acterization, including geomorphology, texture, thickness chuk and Groom, 1979a) and Western Groundwater Con- and stratigraphy, and the collection of till samples for sultants (Sinclair and Phimister, 1981). Mihychuk and composition analyses. Geological observations at 197 sta- Groom (1979a) mapped the western half of NTS 62J6 at tions were made to support 1:50 000 scale surficial geol- a 1:50 000 scale and published a preliminary map (Mihy- ogy mapping. Field-site characterization identified several chuk and Groom, 1979b). Field stations were primarily map units including alluvial, offshore lacustrine, beach focused on aggregate resources. The original field notes and till deposits. Stratigraphic sections investigated sug- for this work were archived by MGS, and data from gest a multi-till stratigraphy in some areas, in accordance field sites and backhoe stations (Figure GS-10-1a) were with multiple till units identified during surficial mapping used during the 2015 project. Sample analyses data, observations. A total of 62 till samples were collected for however, were not published and these results have not clast-lithology and matrix-geochemistry analyses, which been located. Sinclair and Phimister (1981) published an will establish background compositional till characteris- inventory of sand and gravel in the Westlake area based tics and aid in the investigation of regional till provenance on 1:50 000 scale surficial mapping, including the 2015 for drift-exploration purposes. A further 20 till samples study area. Mapping was primarily focused on delineating were collected for kimberlite-indicator-mineral analyses. aggregate resources from airphoto interpretation and field observations. A reconnaissance-scale (1:250 000) surfi- Introduction cial materials compilation map was produced by MGS In the summer of 2015, the Manitoba Geological Sur- (Matile and Keller, 2004). This map was derived from the vey (MGS) conducted Quaternary geology fieldwork in existing soils maps for NTS 62J and aerial photographs of the Arden NTS area (62J6). This report presents a sum- the area without field verification. mary of three weeks of fieldwork activity, which included Soil maps have also been produced for the study surficial geology mapping, stratigraphic logging of Qua- area by the Manitoba Soil Survey. A reconnaissance map ternary sections and till sampling for geochemical, litho- (1:126 720 scale; Ehrlich et al., 1958) covers the entire logical and kimberlite-indicator-mineral analyses. study area, whereas a detailed map exists for the Rural Municipality of Westbourne (1:20 000 scale; Langman, 1984). These maps are available digitally in GIS format Objectives and are accompanied by written reports (Ehrlich et al., The current objectives of the Quaternary projects at 1958; Langman, 1984), which outline the legend and unit the MGS are to better understand the glacial geology and descriptions of the survey. Field-site locations were not geomorphology of Manitoba, and to generate geoscience included on any Manitoba soil maps, therefore, the extent data and maps. These products aid a widespread spec- of field verification completed for the reconnaissance map trum of stakeholders by providing information on mineral is uncertain. However, discussions with the Manitoba Soil exploration, aggregate resources, infrastructure devel- Survey (L. Manaigre, pers. comm., 2015) have noted that opment, soil studies, environmental studies, subsurface 1:20 000 scale surveys require 25–30 field sites per sec- mapping efforts, etc. The specific goals of this project are tion (2.6 km2) of land. Thus, although the field sites have to not been published, the detailed map is considered precise • document the geomorphology, stratigraphy and dis- for 1:50 000 surficial geology mapping purposes. tribution of surficial materials; • improve the understanding of regional ice-flow phas- Physiography es; and The study area is located in southwestern Manitoba. • sample glacial sediments (till) to investigate compo- Elevation varies from 270 m above sea level (asl) in the sitional patterns (dispersal trains). northeast to 500 m asl in the west. Local relief is generally The Arden map area was chosen because there is no 5–10 m throughout the study area, except at the Manitoba detailed, or digital, surficial geology map for the area. escarpment, where relief can be up to 60 m. Drift cover is Report of Activities 2015 115 a) 460000E 480000E 500000E NTS 62J12 NTS 62J11 5600000N Waldersee 5600000N Riding Grass River Kerrs Lake Mountain Tenby NTS 62J10 Elk 261 Ranch Mountain Birnie 462 Road 5580000N Manitoba escarpment 265 Polonia Plumas Eden 5580000N 260 352 5 Ogilvie Springhill Arden NTS 62J5 NTS 62J6 NTS 62J7 Franklin Neepawa Keyes Gladstone Section 15112TH097 5560000N 750 m asl Whitemud River 5560000N 240 m asl NTS 62J4 Hallboro NAD83, UTM Zone 14N NTS 62J3 NTS 62J2 460000E 480000E 500000E b) 470000E 480000E 490000E 500000E 5590000N Radiocarbon sample location Till sample location 5590000N Bedrock observed Station 5580000N Mihychuk and Groom (1979a, b) backhoe station Mihychuk and Groom (1979a, b) station 5580000N Hamlet/village/town 5570000N Highway/provincial road Modelled sediment 5570000N thickness (m) 470000E 480000E 490000E 500000E Datum: NAD83 kilometres UTM Zone 14N NTS 62J6 (outcrop) Figure GS-10-1: Arden NTS area (62J6) and the surrounding region. a) Field stations visited during the 2015 field sea- son and location of samples collected. Manitoba Geological Survey’s (MGS) 1979 field stations (Mihychuk and Groom, 1979a) are also depicted. Background hillshade image was generated using Canadian digital surface model (Natural Re- sources Canada, 2012). b) Modelled sediment thickness of the Arden NTS area (62J6; 500 m horizontal resolution) was calculated using the Canadian digital surface model (Natural Resources Canada, 2012) and the current MGS bedrock surface model (Manitoba Mineral Resources, unpublished data, 2015). 116 Manitoba Geological Survey generally thick, with rare bedrock outcrops encountered (Clayton and Moran, 1982). Following the initial retreat along the beds of several streams in the northwest of the of the LIS, the area was inundated by glacial Lake Agassiz study area (Figure GS-10-1). by at least 11.3 C14 ka (Clayton and Moran, 1982). Retreat The estimated Quaternary sediment thickness for the was not steady, as several oscillations (readvances) of the study area (Figure GS-10-1b) suggests up to 96 m of Qua- LIS margin are evidenced by till overlying deltaic sedi- ternary sediments are present in the study area. Sediment ments south of Arden (Sinclair and Phimister, 1981) and thickness was calculated using the Canadian digital sur- buried forests in the northern United States (Clayton and face model (20 m resolution; Natural Resources Canada, Moran, 1982). It has also been suggested that the Arran 14 2012) and subtracting the elevation of modelled bedrock formation was deposited by a readvance at 9.9 C ka, surface (500 m resolution; Manitoba Mineral Resources, possibly associated (Thorleifson, 1996) with a buried unpublished data, 2015), providing a sediment thickness moraine in the Portage la Prairie area (Fenton, 1970). map with a 500 m horizontal resolution. Streamlined lineations northeast of Gladstone (Sinclair and Phimister, 1981) indicate that ice likely flowed to the The study area is underlain in the east by the Juras- southeast (155°) during this readvance and deposited the sic Upper Amaranth Member of the Amaranth Formation, surface till. Beach development and offshore deposition which consists of gypsum and anhydrite (Nicolas, 2009; occurred throughout the duration of glacial Lake Agassiz. Nicolas et al., 2010; Figure GS-10-2). The Reston For- mation is present in the central and east-central regions Alluvial deposition along the edge of the Manitoba of the study area (Nicolas et al., 2010; Figure GS-10-2) escarpment is thought to have occurred mostly during and consists of shale and argillaceous limestone (Nico- the Holocene (McGinn and Zaniewski, 2003). Within the las, 2009). The Melita Formation is present west of Arden study area, large alluvial fans composed predominately of and is composed primarily of shale, with some interbeds shale gravel are present (Ehrlich et al., 1958), the relation- of sandstone (Nicolas, 2009; Nicolas et al., 2010; Fig- ship, if any, between these fans and glacial Lake Agassiz ure GS-10-2). The Cretaceous Swan River Formation is unknown. sandstone is present southwest and southeast of Arden (Nicolas et al., 2010; Figure GS-10-2). The west portion Methods of the study area is underlain by the Cretaceous Ashville, Favel and Carlile formations and Pierre Shale (Nicolas et Truck-based fieldwork was undertaken within the al., 2010; Figure GS-10-2). These bedrock units are shale- study area using local road access. The team was based dominated with minor siltstone, limestone and bentonite in Neepawa, which is situated just southwest
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