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Upper Cretaceous Colorado Group in the Pasquia Hills, Northeastern Saskatchewan: a Multidisciplinary Study in Progress

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Upper Cretaceous Colorado Group in the Pasquia Hills, Northeastern Saskatchewan: a Multidisciplinary Study in Progress Upper Cretaceous Colorado Group in the Pasquia Hills, Northeastern Saskatchewan: A Multidisciplinary Study in Progress 1 1 4 Claudia J Schroder-Adams , Dale A. Leckie , Jim Craig J' and John Bloch Schroder-Adams, C.J ., Leckie. D.A .. Craig, J. and Bloch, J. ( 1998): Upper Cretaceous Colorado Group in the l'asquia 11 ills. northeastern Sac;katchewan: A multidisciplinary study in progress; in Summary of Investigations 1999. Volumt.: I. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Sask. Energy Mines, Misc. Rep. 99-4. 1. I. Introduction this volume; Cumbaa et al., 1992). It contains late Cretaceous bird bones (Tokaryk et al. , 1997). This and The upper part of the Upper Cretaceous Colorado the authors' continuous work on the Colorado Group Group (Cenomanian to Campanian) represents the led to a week's fieldwork in the Pasquia Hills during Cenomanian/middle Turonian Greenhorn and late the summer of 1997. Turonian/Santonian Niobrara sea-level cycles (Kauffman, 1984) and is widely distributed in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Both cycles reflect times of high sea level and inundation of 2. Stratigraphic Framework the western side of North America when the Boreal Stratigraphic nomenclature used in this study (Figure and Tethyan seas were connected. Resulting sequences 1) is based on the comprehensive lithological and are dominated by organic-rich shale and approximately forarniniferal study of Cretaceous outcrops in the contemporaneous episodes of global anoxia (Arthur et Manitoba Escarpment including the Pasquia Hills by al., 1987). Tectonic events and relative sea-level McNeil and Caldwell ( 1981 ). The stratigraphic interval fluctuations resulted in coarser elastic units found of interest here includes the Cenomanian Belle Fourche particularly in the western part of this fore land basin. Member of the Ashville Formation which correlates In contrast, the eastern part of the basin remained with the Belle Fourche Formation described by Bloch relatively deep throughout the Upper Cretaceous with et al. ( 1993, 1999). The Favel Formation is subdivided minor introduction of coarse elastics; but, sea-level into the Keld and Assiniboine members, which are of fa lls are recognized by dramatic paleontological latest Cenomanian to middle Turonian age and changes, and in erosional surfaces and bioclastic compare to the west with the Second White Specks conglomeratic ho rizons within black shale intervals. Formation, which is not subdivided into members. The Favel Formation is overlain by the Morden Shale. Age The Cenomanianffuronian boundary, a time of determination of the Morden remains imprecise due to approaching sea-level highstand and a major fauna! lack of age-diagnostic species, but is presumed to be of change from a Boreal to a Tethyan fauna in the middle Turonian age or younger (McNeil and Canadian portion of the seaway, is of particular interest Caldwell, 198 1) . Its western counterpart is not formally as its geological characteristics differ from place to described and commonly is referred to as unnamed place. At some localities it is marked by a bed of Colorado Shale (North and Caldwell, 1975). The bioclastic conglomerate, possibly the result of Niobrara Formation is informally subdivided into the winnowing over topographic highs within the basin. lower calcareous shale and upper chalky member Here, foraminiferal subzones are absent indicating which both correlate to the west with the informal First periods of erosion. Where bioclastic horizons are White Speckled Shale. In th e Manitoba Escarpment, it missing, fauna! change is gradational indicating a ranges in age from early Coniacian to early continuous record of sedimentation (Schroder-Adams Campanian, based on macrofossils and foram ini tera. In et al. , 1996). the Sweetgrass Arch area in southern Alberta/ Saskatchewan, paleontological evidence places the The composit ion of the bioclastic conglomerate correlative First White Speckled Shale into the changes across the basin, largely due to sediment Santonian (Schroder-Adams et al., 1998). The supply differences. In the Rocky Mountain Foothills, Niobrara Fonnation is overlain by the Pierre Formation Upper Cretaceous conglomerates contain abundant which is subdivided into four members which are in siliciclastic components and bioclastic debris whereas ascending order the Pembina, Millwood, Odanah, and in the east, more distal from Cordilleran siliciclastic an upper unnamed member (McNeil and Caldwell , sediment input, conglomeratic layers are mainly 1981 ). The entire Pierre Formation spans the bioclastic. An interesting bioclastic conglomerate bed Campanian. The lower portion of the Pierre Formation ofCenomanian age is present in the Pasquia Hills, is correlative with the Lea Park Formation of the eastern Saskatchewan (Cumbaa and Tokaryk, 1993, I Department uf Earth Sciences. Carleton University, Ottawa. ON K IS 5U6. 2 Wascana Energy Inc .. 635-8th Avenue SW. Calgary, AB T2P 4114. l Box 668. Bragg Creek, AB TOI. OKO. 'Scealu Mudus, 2617 Cutler /\venue. Albuquerque. NM 87106. 52 Summary of Investigations /999. Volume I SOUTHERN shale, siltstone, and very fine FOOTHILLS MANITOBA sandstone. The boundary with the PLAINS after McNeil after Blochetal, 1993 afterBlochetal, 1993 and Caldwell 1981 overlying Keld Member of the unnamed Favel Formation is marked by a Q) Bearpaw Bearpaw ...... Odanah benton ite, lack of silt and sand in ...... the Keld Member, and a change -~E Campanian a.LL Millwood from slightly calcareous to highly Pembina calcareous. Oyster shells are Belly River Milk River present throughout the Belle (U ...... Fourche and Keld members. The (U chalky First While ...... Belle Fourche Member is barren Soeckled Shale .0 Santoni an .QE calcareous of nannofoss ils which become Wapiabi Medicine Hat zu.. shale ·1bundant throughout the Favel Cf) unnamed Formation and indicate a Coniacian a. shale Morden ::, ...... :::J Turonian age. This age Q) 0 Shale 0 0. ,._ Cardi um Cardi um determination is confinned by the 0. c (0 (9 a. unnamed appearance of planktic w :) ·c Opabin ::::J shale E Assiniboine (_) e cu E 0,._ LL foram inifera with in the Favel ::, t LL Haven Second iii Fonnation which are of the latest t- Q) (9 White > ~ .0 Q) co Keld Cenomanian to middle Turonian w c Vimy 0 Specks u.. Hedbergella loetter/ei Zone. a: c <( ......0 -0 (_) rtl (/) cu,._ Belle ·c .::t:. Sunkay Fourche In man y outcrops along the (0 0 E Belle E (.) - u.. Man itoba Escarpment, the 0 0 Barons c () l Fourche Laurier Limestone Beds form the (I) ~ ~Baron~ ~ u t1·,,"'- Fish Scales ·s; uppermost unit of the Keld ...... ~~f:}5'~'~ Crowsnest ..c Member (McNeil and Caldwell, Q) c: Westgate U) Westgate (0 :,;· Volcanics 1981 ). These beds, however, ~ 15 <( 0 VikinQ Newcastle were not disti nctly recogn ized in ...J <{ Mill Creek Joli Fou Skull Creek the Bainbridge River section. Oyster shells are found within the Figure I - S tratigraphic nomenclature of Upper Cret11ceous strata in the We1·1ern lower part of the Favel Canada Se,limentary Basin. Fonnation. The upper part contains multiple bentonites Saskatchewan western plains region (North and (figure 3). Caldwell, 1975). The uppermost shale un it is the Morden Shale. The highly calcareous Assiniboinc Member shows a gradual transition to the slightly calcareous lower 3. Preli minary Results Morden Shale which grades upwards into non­ Fieldwork concentrated on three sections alono the calcar~o.us black shale (Figure 4). Rich planktic Bain bridge River, Carrot River, and Etomami R iver foramm ifera l assemblages of the Favel Formation (Figure 2). Sections were sampled for ~bruptly_disappear a~the boundary and change to an micropaleontolog_y (foraminifera and nannofossils) and 1mpovenshed agglutmated assemblage. Nann ofossils, ?rganic geochemistry (Rock-Eva!). Measured sections howeve_r, continue \n low numbers and are represented include the Cenomanian to Lower Campanian interval by species of the Niobrara Cycle; they indicate a encompassing in ascending order the Belle Fourch e Coniacian to Santonian age. Member of the Ashvi lle Formation Keld and Assiniboine members of the Favel Formation, Morden b) Carrot River Shale, Niobrara Formation and Pierre Formation (Figure I). This interval is represented by five A long the bank of the Carrot River, a 90 cm th ick shale foraminifcral zones and fou r su bzones (Caldwe ll et al. section features the Belle Fourche Member of the 1978). , Ashville Fonnation (Figure 5) (S. Cumbaa, pers. comm., 1997). The boundary is marked by a bioclastic cong(omerate layer including abundant vertebrate a) Bainbridge River remams (Cu~baa and Tokaryk, this volume) overlain The Bainbridge River section includes the Belle by a 5 cm thick bentonite. The shale is non-calcareous Fourche Member of the Ashville Formation Keld and above and be low the bioclast ic horizon. Assin iboinc members of the Favel Formatio'n. and Morden Shale (rigurc 3 ). c) Etomami River The Belle Fourche Member is a non-calcareous shale The section at the F.tomami Rive r includes the with a b_ioclastic horizon at 50 cm foll owed by a ~iobrara Forr:nation and the overl ying Pierre coarsen mg-upwards cycle of bioturbated interbedded Formation (Figures 6 and 7). The Niobrara Formation was informally subdivided by McNei l and Caldwell Saskatchewan Geological S urvey 53 Bainbridge River i (/) i 20 non-calcareous ~ SASKATCHEWAN lish debtls ,g-:/iiii:/i:. shght1y calcareous Bf:J:B umxum highly calcareous A M UU:X KXJXXJX L A 15 . ~~:~:~:~:~:~ XJlJ:X X JlJC XlJlX ... B N I:Ii :::::. .......... • •••• biodastic. E I ~ I '"""'""'"''" l ·c: :_t~~t!:.: X XXXXXXXltXJl XXXX Bontonlilo R T ; :"' '-""" 0,1ter sno11S t 1 1 .·.·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·_· T 0 ... I. Biol.......... "' 10 A B ? 9 } ;,,"''.1::::::::::::- A ~ 8 :;:;:5::~, ::::- Carrot River i ::, l1nely laminated ·.-tt~~f-. XXXJO(X XXXX JI lnocef'amus 3:1 ., fish debns 6 ::s ;"'\::::::::: "' l'Nghty cabreous 5 tttt1 nmuuu ~htty cakar~ Hudson Bay• @ 11111: '; bt0tvrt>a6on in sandstones ~ starved npples 0 ....·--· · ···-····-·-····-·-· non -calcareous ~ / v f f m c ~ ~..,!Ji- :$'~ san dstone 8 O Regina " Figure 3 - Measured section at the Bainbridge River.
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