DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Bioactivity of Selected Plants Against

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Bioactivity of Selected Plants Against ASSESSMENT OF BIOACTIVITY OF SELECTED PLANTS AGAINST PESTS AND MICROBES FROM AGRO-PASTORAL COMMUNITIES IN MBULU DISTRICT, TANZANIA MICHAEL QWARSE THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY OF THE OPEN UNIVERSTY OF TANZANIA 2015 ii CERTIFICATION The undersigned certify that he has read and hereby recommend for acceptance by the Open University of Tanzania, a thesis titled “Assessment of Bioactivity of Se- lected Plants against Pests and Microbes from Agro-pastoral Communities in Mbulu District, Tanzania” in fulfilments of the requirements for the degree of Mas- ter of Science (Chemistry) by Thesis of the Open University of Tanzania. ____________________________ Dr. Matobola J. Mihale (Supervisor) ____________________________ Date ____________________________ Dr. Joseph Sempombe (Supervisor) ____________________________ Date iii COPYRIGHT This dissertation is protected under the Berne Convention, the copyright Act of 1999 and other international and national enactments of intellectual property. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other- wise without acknowledging the author or the Open University of Tanzania in that behalf. iv DECLARATION I, Michael Qwarse, do hereby declare that this thesis is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. ____________________________ Signature ____________________________ Date v DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents Xwatsal Margwet and Maria D. Deeng’w, my wife Antonia Onna and my childrens Christopher Onna and Christopher M. Qwarse for always being there for me all the time. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have no words to thanks God Almighty who bestow me this opportunity to com- plete my study. I wish to express my profound gratitude to all who read the thesis and in particular my supervisors, Dr. Matobola J. Mihale and Dr. Joseph Sempombe for introducing me to this area and providing excellent scientific and personal advice, guidance, critical comments, suggestions and encouragement in this study. They al- ways supported me, had time for questions and discussions. I acknowledge the logi- cal and critical criticism, comments, suggestions and encouragement provided by Professor Veronica Mugoyela, Dr. Leonia Henry, and Dr. Fortunatus Sungwa. I sincerely acknowledge the financial support I got from the Commission for Science and Technology. I am highly indebted to the staff of Faculty of Science and Envi- ronmental Studies, Open University of Tanzania (OUT), School of Pharmacy and Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Scienc- es for their logistic and moral support. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to beloved mum, Mrs Antonia Onna, My children, Christopher Michael and Christopher Onna for their support and encour- agements during my studies. I would like to express my gratitude to my colleagues at MUHAS: Nelson Masota, Pius Ipagala and my friends all over Tanzania amongst others: J. Siayi, Paschal P. Onna, Simon Vitalis, Reginald Barhe, Bahati Bryson, Roger, and Zaituni Msegwa for their social and moral support. vii ABSTRACT This study intended to have an ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal and pesticidal plant species and their bioactivities and toxicity against selected bacteria, fungi and storage pests. Bioactivities (antimicrobial and antioxidant activities) against disease causing organisms, toxicity against brine shrmps, first filial generation (F1) progeny, feeding deterrence and repellence against selected storage pests and quality grains evaluation as well as phytochemicals profiles were determined using standard proce- dures. A total of 66 dentifies plant species mainly from Minosoidaceae, Solanaceae, and Euphobiaceae families were used for pesticidal and medicinal purposes with oral route as the main route of administration and leaves as commonly used plant parts. Antibacterial activities of selected plants were between 25% and 75% of the activity of gentamycin sactivity. Antifungal activities of selected plant species varied from 0% to 55 % of the fluconazole activity. Antioxidant activity of Phytolacca dodecan- dra roots measured by percent absorbance was 90% as compared to 98% of the Bu- tylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) activity. Brine shrimp cytotoxicities ranges of P. dodecandra, (LC50 = 4.6 – 34.7 µg/mL), Cynoglossum geometrium (LC50 = 71.09 µg/mL) and Ocimum filamentosum (LC50 = 28.08 µg/mL) are indicate potential cyto- toxicity of plants. P. dodecandra leaf extracts killed 98% of Sitophilus zeamais and 99% of Tribollium castaneum at concentration of 150 mg/mL on day 3. Similarly, P. dodecandra leaf extracts reduced grain damage to 0% and had moderate repellence of 57% and 66% to Sitophilus zeamais and Tribollium castaneum, respectively. Little effects of leaf extracts on the grain quality (seed damage, colour and odour) was ob- served. Seed viability decreased to about 30% after 90 days. Isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive ingredients in selected plant species is recommended. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION .......................................................................................................... ii COPYRIGHT ................................................................................................................. iii DECLARATION ............................................................................................................ iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xvii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................. 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Problem ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 General Objective ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................ 8 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 8 2.1 Plants as Sources of Bioactive Natural Products .......................................................... 8 2.2 Global Uses of Biomedicines and Biopesticides .......................................................... 9 2.2.1 Botanical Biomedicines in Tanzania ............................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Botanical Pesticides in Tanzania ...................................................................... 11 ix 2.3 Ethno-botanical Uses of Selected Plant Species ............................................... 14 2.3.1 Gymnema Sylverstre ......................................................................................... 14 2.3.1.1 Plant Description and Distribution.................................................................... 14 2.3.1.2 Traditional Uses of G. sylverstre ...................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Phytolacca dodecandra...................................................................................... 15 2.3.2.1 Plant Description and Distribution.................................................................... 15 2.3.2.2 Traditional Uses of P. dodecandra .................................................................... 16 2.3.3 Cynoglossum geometrium Bak and Wright ...................................................... 17 2.3.3.1 Plant Description and Distribution.................................................................... 17 2.3.3.2 Traditional Uses of C. geometrium ................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Leonotis Nepetifolia.......................................................................................... 18 2.3.4.1 Plant Description and Distribution.................................................................... 18 2.3.4.2 Traditional Uses of L. neptifolia ......................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • Mothers, Markets and Medicine Hanna Lindh
    Mothers, markets and medicine The role of traditional herbal medicine in primary women and child health care in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania Hanna Lindh Degree project in biology, Bachelor of science, 2015 Examensarbete i biologi 15 hp till kandidatexamen, 2015 Biology Education Centre, Uppsala University Supervisors: Sarina Veldman and Hugo de Boer 1 Abstract Traditional medicine is still the most common primary healthcare used in Tanzania, especially among women. The ethnobotanical studies performed in Tanzania have not explored women’s traditional medicine, with the result that we do not know that much about it, including if women’s usage of medicinal plants create a threat against the medicinal flora’s biodiversity or not. Field studies consisting of interviews and collections of medicinal plants were carried out in the Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania before identifying the collected specimens by DNA barcoding, literature and morphology in Uppsala, Sweden. The 33 informants belonged to 15 different ethnic groups and 79% of them had migrated to Dar es Salaam. A total of 249 plant species were mentioned for women’s healthcare and 140 for children’s healthcare. The medicinal plants frequently reported as used for women’s health and childcare during structured interviews and free-listing exercises were Senna occidentalis/ Cassia abbreviata, Zanthoxylum sp., Clausena anisata, Acalypha ornata and Ximenia sp. The most salient uses of medicinal plants by women were during pregnancy, childbirth, menstruation, to induce abortion, and for cleansing infants and treating convulsions in children. Most of the fresh specimens were collected from disturbance vegetation. The informants having most interview answers in common were the market vendors, healers and herbalists and they were the only informants that mentioned species listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
    [Show full text]
  • Musterdissertation Boku
    Department for Forest and Soil Sciences Institute of Forest Ecology Head of Institute: Ao. Prof. Klaus Katzensteiner Advisors: Prof. Gerhard Glatzel Prof. Christian R. Vogl Dr. Steven Franzel Dr. Ramni Jamnadass MEDICINAL TREES IN SMALLHOLDER AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS: ASSESSING SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING CULTIVATION BY FARMERS EAST OF MT KENYA Dissertation for obtaining a doctorate degree at the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Submitted by Jonathan Muriuki H0741100 (MSc Agroforestry) Vienna, January 2011 Acknowledgements The recipient of a college degree is usually the embodiment of efforts by many individuals and institutions that work together to prop him to success. I am privileged to have received so much support in the course of this journey that words can never fully express my appreciation. I will first gladly submit to the authority of the Almighty God and give Him thanks for his support and grace in all these efforts. He deserves all the glory. To OEAD, your support has been awesome. It is not usual to find a sponsor who is with you every step of the way and who avails all resources deemed necessary to make you feel at home, away from home, and yet that is what OEAD did to us scholars. Members of staff Katharina Engel, Elke Stinnig, Heike Kernbauer, Martina Rahberger, Julie Hartl and all the others gave a very personalised support to me from the days of scholarship application to the study finalisation period. It is hard to imagine that all OEAD scholars receive that kind of support and at times one feels like he is particularly favoured.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe-Mozambique)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 93 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique) Jonathan Timberlake1, Petra Ballings2,3, João de Deus Vidal Jr4, Bart Wursten2, Mark Hyde2, Anthony Mapaura4,5, Susan Childes6, Meg Coates Palgrave2, Vincent Ralph Clark4 1 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, 30 Warren Lane, East Dean, E. Sussex, BN20 0EW, UK 2 Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, Zimbabwe 3 Meise Botanic Garden, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium 4 Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa 5 National Her- barium of Zimbabwe, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe 6 Box BW53 Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Vincent Ralph Clark ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Riina | Received 10 December 2019 | Accepted 18 February 2020 | Published 10 April 2020 Citation: Timberlake J, Ballings P, Vidal Jr JD, Wursten B, Hyde M, Mapaura A, Childes S, Palgrave MC, Clark VR (2020) Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe- Mozambique). PhytoKeys 145: 93–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 Abstract The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with 1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions).
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Conservation
    MEDICINAL Medicinal Plant PLANT SPECIALIST Conservation GROUP Volume 15 Newsletter of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Chaired by Danna J. Leaman Chair’s note .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Taxon file Conservation of the Palo Santo tree, Bulnesia sarmientoi Lorentz ex Griseb, in the South America Chaco Region - Tomás Waller, Mariano Barros, Juan Draque & Patricio Micucci ............................. 4 Manejo Integral de poblaciones silvestres y cultivo agroecológico de Hombre grande (Quassia amara) en el Caribe de Costa Rica, América Central - Rafael Ángel Ocampo Sánchez ....................... 9 Regional file Chilean medicinal plants - Gloria Montenegro & Sharon Rodríguez ................................................. 15 Focus on Medicinal Plants in Madagascar - Julie Le Bigot ................................................................. 25 Medicinal Plants utilisation and conservation in the Small Island States of the SW Indian Ocean with particular emphasis on Mauritius - Ameenah Gurib-Fakim ............................................................... 29 Conservation assessment and management planning of medicinal plants in Tanzania - R.L. Mahunnah, S. Augustino, J.N. Otieno & J. Elia...................................................................................................... 35 Community based conservation of ethno-medicinal plants by tribal people of Orissa state,
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species Identification, Potential Use and Invasiveness
    PLANT SPECIES IDENTIFICATION, POTENTIAL USE AND INVASIVENESS A Training Workshop: Optimisation of Pesticidal-plants- Technology Innovation, Outreach and Networks (OPTIONs) By Itambo Malombe East African Herbarium, Botany Department National Museums of Kenya 29th October 2014 Introduction Man has always classified things for the accurate recognition of food, fuel, medicines and building materials among others, which essential for his survival on earth. The East African Herbarium undertakes taxonomic research of plants and fungi (mushrooms) Taxonomy involves Identification, Naming and Classification Role of taxonomy Identification- How can plants be recognized? Nomenclature- What should they be called in order that information about them can be freely exchanged without ambiguity (E.g. use of ICBN, Melbourne revision, 2012). Classification - What are their closest relatives? Are there plants likely to have similar properties or compatible genetic systems? (e.g. use Flora of Tropical East Africa) Diversity- of species: How many species are there in Kenya? (Vascular species 7004) Floral Distribution-Where do they grow? Phenology- when do they flower or fruit? Ecology -Where do they grow? Uses - Have they any useful properties? Plant identification Identification- naming of an organism by reference to an already existent classification Local names Have evolved over centuries in many languages Used within a geographical region One plant may therefore be known by several different names One name may apply to several different plants
    [Show full text]
  • Bioprospecting the Flora of Southern Africa: Optimising Plant Selections
    Bioprospecting the flora of southern Africa: optimising plant selections Dissertation for Master of Science Errol Douwes 2005 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa ii Preface The work described in this dissertation was carried out at the Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban and at the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg from January 2004 to November 2005 under the supervision of Professor TJ. Edwards (School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg) and Dr N. R. Crouch (Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban). These studies, submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, represent the original work of the author and have not been submitted in any form to another university. Use of the work of others has been duly acknowledged in the text. We certify that the above statement is correct Novem:RE. Douwes Professor T.J. Edwards /JIo-~rA ..............................~ ...~ Dr N.R. Crouch iii Acknowledgements Sincere thanks are due to my supervisors Prof. Trevor Edwards and Dr Neil Crouch for their guidance and enthusiasm in helping me undertake this project. Dr Neil Crouch is thanked for financial support provided by way of SANSI (South African National Siodiversity Institute) and the NDDP (Novel Drug Development Platform). Prof. Trevor Edwards and Prof. Dulcie Mulholland are thanked for financial support provided by way of NRF (National Research Foundation) grant-holder bursaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook on Pesticidal Plants Optimization of Pesticidal Plants: Technology, Innovation, Outreach & Networks (Options)
    Handbook on pesticidal plants Optimization of Pesticidal plants: Technology, Innovation, Outreach & Networks (OPTIONs) World Agroforestry Centre United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 30677, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7224000 Via USA +1 650 833 6645 Via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: [email protected] www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry Centre ISBN: 978-92-9059-397-3 Cover photo: Pesticidal plant, Tephrosia vogelii Correct citation: Anjarwalla P, Belmain S, Sola P, Jamnadass R, Stevenson PC. 2016. Handbook on Pesticidal Plants. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS v FORWARD vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 What are pesticidal plants? 1 Economic importance of pesticidal plants 2 Pesticidal plants: An overview of traditional knowledge, examples and use 3 History and indigenous knowledge of pesticidal plants 3 Harvesting, processing and use of pesticidal plants 9 Safety, toxicity and application 9 Sustainable conservation and cultivation through propagation and cultivation 10 Herbarium specimen collection 10 Invasive species 10 Potential for marketing and up scaling 11 CHAPTER 2: Distribution of pesticidal plant species 13 CHAPTER 3: Botanical description of species 17 CHAPTER 4: How to apply pesticidal plants on field crops and during post-harvest storage 23 How to extract and apply pesticidal plants for field crops 26 Using plant powders or MARC residues after extraction for field crops 27 Using pesticidal plants for post-harvest pest management 27 How
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Knowledge of Medicinal Trees and Setting Priorities for Their Domestication in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania
    Indigenous knowledge of medicinal trees and setting priorities for their domestication in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania B. B. Dery R. Otsyina C. Ng'atigiva INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN AGROFORESTRY published 1999 International Centre for Research in Agroforestry PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya tel: (254 2) 521450; via USA: (1 650) 833 6645 tax: (254 2) 521001; via USA: (1 650) 833 6646 email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.cgiar.org/icrat 1CRAF is supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research technical editing: Helen van Houten design and production: Helen van Houten cover: Bainirus Alenga cover photo: Antony Simons correct citation: Dery BB, Otsyina R, Ng'atigwa C, eds. 1999. Indigenous know ledge oj medicinal trees and setting priorities for then domestication in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. Nairobi: International Centre tor Agricultural Research. ISBN 92 9059 133 I Contents Acknowledgements IV Executive summary V Foreword vi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Shinyanga Region 3 Chapter 3 Methodology 7 Chapter 4 Results and discussion 11 Chapter 5 Profile of the priority medicinal trees 20 Appendix 1 Reconnaissance study trips 41 Appendix 2 Travel plan for the participatory rural appraisal and market surveys 43 Appendix 3 Checklist for participatory rural appraisal with farmers, women and traditional health practitioners 44 Appendix 4 Summary sheet for the informal participatory rural appraisal interviews 45 Appendix 5 Main data list 49 Appendix 6 Priority medicinal trees of Shinyanga Region 73 Appendix 7 Priority medicinal trees of each district 76 Appendix 8 Priority medicinal trees of user groups interviewed 81 References 86 iii Acknowledgements While accepting responsibility for all errors, we want to acknowledge here the enormous assistance we have received for this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Emonocot the Emonocot Portal
    www.kew.org ISSN: 0967-8018 Kew Scientist Autum 2013 Issue 44 News from The Living Collections, The Herbarium and The Laboratories at Kew & Wakehurst Place eMonocot The eMonocot portal A web taxonomic resource for plants of new scale and depth W. Baker Dendrobium cuthbertsonii The eMonocot portal showing part of the ‘species page’ content for Colchicum lingulatum. Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Council, has produced a web taxonomic Conservation is the production of an online resource of unprecedented scale for plants, flora of all known plants. To achieve this delivering baseline information for all 70,000 eMonocot aggregates the data from target, RBG Kew and its partners are engaged monocotyledons (20% of all flowering plants). taxonomic web resources and scratchpads in novel initiatives in biodiversity informatics. and delivers it through a portal structured The overarching aim of eMonocot is to enable This emerging e-science is focused on creating around a nomenclatural backbone provided expert taxonomic communities to collaborate access to biodiversity data, including taxonomic by the World Checklist of Monocotyledons and deliver their specialist knowledge to a information, which is often out of reach (www.kew.org/wcsp/monocots). The portal, broad range of users, especially biodiversity for many potential users. Since 2010, Kew developed at the University of Oxford, scientists. Kew’s primary roles have been has led a flagship biodiversity informatics provides identification tools and taxon pages gathering content for taxa (including content project, eMonocot (www.emonocot.org), in for all monocots, presenting data including from existing web taxonomic resources: CATE collaboration with the Natural History Museum habitat, life form, conservation status (where Araceae, Palmweb, Grassbase) and enabling (London) and Oxford University.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook on Pesticidal Plants Optimization of Pesticidal Plants: Technology Innovation, Outreach & Networks (Options) Handbook on Pesticidal Plants
    Handbook on pesticidal plants Optimization of Pesticidal plants: Technology Innovation, Outreach & Networks (OPTIONs) Handbook on pesticidal plants World Agroforestry Centre United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 30677, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7224000 Via USA +1 650 833 6645 Via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: [email protected] www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry Centre Cover photo: Pesticidal plant Tephrosia vogelii Correct citation: Anjarwalla P, Belmain S, Ofori DA, Sola P, Jamnadass R, Stevenson PC. 2016. Handbook on Pesticidal Plants. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We acknowledge the support from European Union’s Africa Caribbean and Pacific Science and Technology programme which funded the two successive projects; ADAPPT (African Dryland Alliance for Pesticidal Plant Technologies) and OPTIONS (Optimizing Pesticidal Plants: Technology, Innovation, Outreach and Networks). The authors are grateful to all the partners of these projects whose contributions and interactions have been invaluable to their success. We also wish to thank and acknowledge all colleagues and the World Agroforestry Centre’s Communications Unit for their help in editing and design of this handbook. Optimization of Pesticidal Plants: Technology Innovation, Outreach & Networks (OPTIONs) iii Handbook on pesticidal plants iv Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii ABBREVIATIONS 3 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 5 What are pesticidal plants? 6 Economic importance of pesticidal plants 7 Pesticidal plants: An overview
    [Show full text]
  • A1eendengu6, B. , Champy, P. , Nzamba, J. , Roblot, F. , Loiseau, P
    LITERATURE 701 Moba, A. , Edi, K. & Diby, K. , 1995. Propri6t6s technologiques at possibilit6s d'utilisation de sept (7) essences de savane de C6te d'Ivoire. IDEFOR/DFO, Abidjan, C6te d'TVoire. 27 pp. Ahonkhai, S. I. , 1988. Chemical characterization of the ashes of some African hardwoods. Wood Science and Technology 22(3): 227-229. Airy Shaw, H. K. , 1970. The genus hadrostachys Pram in Madagascar. Adansonia, s6r. 2, 10(4): 519-524 myegoro, OA. , Akinpelu, DA. , ato1ayan, A. J. & Okoh, A1. , 2008. Antibacterial activities of crude stem bark extracts ofDistemonanthus benthamianus Baill. Journal of Biological Sciences 8(2): 356-361 Ajali, U. , 2000. hatibacterial activity of Enantia polycarpa bark. Fitoterapia 71(3): 315-316. Ajayi, I. A. , Odennde, R. A. , Kajogbola, D. 0. & Uponi, J. I. , 2006. Oilcontent and fatty acid coinposi- tion of some underutilized legumes from Nigeria. Food Chemistry 99(I): 1/5-120. Aimesin, K. K. , Ekpo, B. A. , Bala, D. N. , BSsien, E. E. & Adesanya, S. A. , 2008. Ethnobotanicalsurvey of Akwa Thorn State of Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1/5: 387-408. ing6 Assi, L. , Abeye, J. , Gumko, S. , Riguet, R. & Bangavou, X. , 1985. Medecine traditionnelle at pharmacop6e - Contribution aux etudes ethnobotaniques at floristIques en Republique Centrafri- came. Agence de Cooperation Culturelle at Technique, Paris, France. 140 pp A1Eendengu6, B. , Champy, P. , Nzamba, J. , Roblot, F. , Loiseau, P. M. & Bones, C. , 2009. Antifungal and arithelmintic activities of Cleistopholis patens (Annonaceae). Planta Medica 75(Icy: 1143- 1145. Akintayo, ET. , Adebayo, E. A. & Arogundade, LA. , 2002. Chemical composition, physicochemical and functional properties of akee (Blighia sapida) pulp and seed flours.
    [Show full text]