A Taxonomic Classification of Wordnet Polysemy Types
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New Insights Into the Semantics of Legal Concepts and the Legal Dictionary
TERMINOLOGY and LEXICOGRAPHY B a j c i ´c RESEARCH and PRACTICE 17 and the Legal Dictionary Legal the and Martina Semantics of Legal Concepts Concepts Legal of Semantics New Insights into the the into Insights New John Benjamins Publishing Company Publishing Benjamins John New Insights into the Semantics of Legal Concepts and the Legal Dictionary Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice (TLRP) issn 1388-8455 Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice aims to provide in-depth studies and background information pertaining to Lexicography and Terminology. General works include philosophical, historical, theoretical, computational and cognitive approaches. Other works focus on structures for purpose- and domain-specific compilation (LSP), dictionary design, and training. The series includes monographs, state-of-the-art volumes and course books in the English language. For an overview of all books published in this series, please see www.benjamins.com/catalog/tlrp Editors Marie-Claude L’ Homme Kyo Kageura University of Montreal University of Tokyo Volume 17 New Insights into the Semantics of Legal Concepts and the Legal Dictionary by Martina Bajčić New Insights into the Semantics of Legal Concepts and the Legal Dictionary Martina Bajčić University of Rijeka John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. doi 10.1075/tlrp.17 Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from Library of Congress: lccn 2016053197 (print) / 2016055071 (e-book) isbn 978 90 272 2341 8 (Hb) isbn 978 90 272 6600 2 (e-book) © 2017 – John Benjamins B.V. -
The Search for Old English Semantic Primes: the Case of HAPPEN
The search for Old English semantic primes: the case of HAPPEN Raquel Mateo Mendaza, University of La Rioja Abstract This journal article aims at contributing to the research line of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage Research Programme by identifying the Old English exponent for the semantic prime HAPPEN. This study applies four different criteria, namely, the morphological, textual, semantic and syntactic one, in order to select the most suitable candidate for prime exponent. The analysis is based on both lexicographical and textual sources. Conclusions are reached on both the descriptive and the methodological side. Keywords: Natural Semantic Metalanguage; Semantic primes; Old English 1. Introduction This research takes the approach of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) model, which is based on the assumption that there is a set of core meanings in every natural language in terms of which complex words can be described by means of simpler terms. If these words are identified in every language, this will give rise to a universal ‘natural semantic metalanguage’ by which every concept will be understood without cultural or ethnicity restrictions.1 In order to contribute to the development of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage Research Programme (NSMRP) as well as the study of Old English lexicology, this article aims at establishing the Old English exponent for the semantic prime HAPPEN. In this sense, this article follows the line of research represented by previous work by Martin Arista and Martin de la Rosa (2006), de la Cruz Cabanillas (2007), Guarddon Anelo (2009) and Mateo Mendaza (2013), who have searched Old English for the exponents of semantic primes. -
Lectures on English Lexicology
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ГОУ ВПО «Татарский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет» LECTURES ON ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY Курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка Казань 2010 МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ГОУ ВПО «Татарский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет» LECTURES ON ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY Курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов факультетов иностранных языков Казань 2010 ББК УДК Л Печатается по решению Методического совета факультета иностранных языков Татарского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университета в качестве учебного пособия Л Lectures on English Lexicology. Курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка. Учебное пособие для студентов иностранных языков. – Казань: ТГГПУ, 2010 - 92 с. Составитель: к.филол.н., доцент Давлетбаева Д.Н. Научный редактор: д.филол.н., профессор Садыкова А.Г. Рецензенты: д.филол.н., профессор Арсентьева Е.Ф. (КГУ) к.филол.н., доцент Мухаметдинова Р.Г. (ТГГПУ) © Давлетбаева Д.Н. © Татарский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет INTRODUCTION The book is intended for English language students at Pedagogical Universities taking the course of English lexicology and fully meets the requirements of the programme in the subject. It may also be of interest to all readers, whose command of English is sufficient to enable them to read texts of average difficulty and who would like to gain some information about the vocabulary resources of Modern English (for example, about synonyms -
The Thinking of Speaking Issue #27 May /June 2017 Ccooggnnaatteess,, Tteelllliinngg Rreeaall Ffrroomm Ffaakkee More About Cognates Than You Ever Wanted to Know
Parrot Time The Thinking of Speaking Issue #27 May /June 2017 CCooggnnaatteess,, TTeelllliinngg RReeaall ffrroomm FFaakkee More about cognates than you ever wanted to know AA PPeeeekk iinnttoo PPiinnyyiinn The Romaniizatiion of Mandariin Chiinese IInnssppiirraattiioonnaall LLaanngguuaaggee AArrtt Maxiimiilliien Urfer''s piiece speaks to one of our wriiters TThhee LLeeaarrnniinngg MMiinnddsseett Language acquiisiitiion requiires more than study An Art Exhibition That Spoke To Me LLooookk bbeeyyoonndd wwhhaatt yyoouu kknnooww Parrot Time is your connection to languages, linguistics and culture from the Parleremo community. Expand your understanding. Never miss an issue. 2 Parrot Time | Issue#27 | May/June2017 Contents Parrot Time Parrot Time is a magazine covering language, linguistics Features and culture of the world around us. 8 More About Cognates Than You Ever Wanted to Know It is published by Scriveremo Languages interact with each other, sharing aspects of Publishing, a division of grammar, writing, and vocabulary. However, coincidences also Parleremo, the language learning create words which only looked related. John C. Rigdon takes a community. look at these true and false cognates, and more. Join Parleremo today. Learn a language, make friends, have fun. 1 6 A Peek into Pinyin Languages with non-Latin alphabets are often a major concern for language learners. The process of converting a non-Latin alphabet into something familiar is called "Romanization", and Tarja Jolma looks at how this was done for Mandarin Chinese. 24 An Art Exhibition That Spoke To Me Editor: Erik Zidowecki Inspiration is all around us, often crossing mediums. Olivier Email: [email protected] Elzingre reveals how a performance piece affected his thinking of languages. -
Proceedings of the XVI EURALEX International Congress: the User in Focus 15-19 July 2014, Bolzano/Bozen
Proceedings of the XVI EURALEX International Congress: The User in Focus 15-19 July 2014, Bolzano/Bozen Edited by Andrea Abel, Chiara Vettori, Natascia Ralli Part 3 1 Proceedings of the XVI EURALEX International Congress: The User in Focus Index Part 1 Plenary Lectures 23 From Lexicography to Terminology: a Cline, not a Dichotomy .......................................................................................................................... 25 Thierry Fontenelle Natural Language Processing Techniques for Improved User-friendliness of Electronic Dictionaries 47 Ulrich Heid Using Mobile Bilingual Dictionaries in an EFL Class 63 Carla Marello Meanings, Ideologies, and Learners’ Dictionaries 85 Rosamund Moon The Dictionary-Making Process 107 The Making of a Large English-Arabic/Arabic-English Dictionary: the Oxford Arabic Dictionary 109 Tressy Arts Simple and Effective User Interface for the Dictionary Writing System 125 Kamil Barbierik, Zuzana Děngeová, Martina Holcová Habrová, Vladimír Jarý, Tomáš Liška, Michaela Lišková, Miroslav Virius Totalitarian Dictionary of Czech .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 137 František Čermák Dictionary of Abbreviations in Linguistics: Towards Defining Cognitive Aspects as Structural Elements of the Entry 145 Ivo Fabijancic´ La definizione delle relazioni intra- e interlinguistiche nella costruzione dell’ontologia -
The Analysis of Polysemy from the Perspective of Decategorization Lu
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 319 5th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2019) The Analysis of Polysemy from the Perspective of Decategorization Lu Hongyan Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China [email protected] Key words: Prototype Category Theory, Polysemy, Decategorization Abstract: The cognitive semantics shows reasonable interpretation power as to the relations among the senses of each polysemous word by applying the prototype category theory, while it is far from enough as to the forming procedure of polysemy. Linguistic decategorization is a vital part of the linguistic categorization and shows that cognization is a gradually continual changing procedure, so it can help to analyze the dynamical forming mechanism and procedure of polysemy. This paper studies how decategorization functions in our cognization of the many senses of polysemous word. 1. Introduction According to Cognitive Linguistics, language is the representation of our conceptualization, so the language that we use and our concept are closely related. With the deepening of our cognition, there will be new things adding into our cognitive and conceptual system. In our linguistic system, many new concepts can be expressed by the already existing linguistic forms and constructs. The adding of new concepts into a concrete linguistic entity makes the entity multivocal, and the most common representative is polysemy. It arises from the fact that there are systematic relationships between different cognitive models and between elements of the same model. The same word is often used for elements standing in such cognitive relations to one another. Polysemy accounts for a large part of the whole vocabulary and it represents the economical principle of language. -
Polysemy Page Ii Page Iii
page i Polysemy page ii page iii Polysemy Theoretical and Computational Approaches Edited by Yael Ravin and Claudia Leacock page iv Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris SaÄo Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York editorial Matter + organization # yael Ravin and Claudia Leacock 2000 Individual chapters # the contributors The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquiror British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data applied ISBN 0±19±823842±8 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Typeset in Times by Kolam Information Services Pvt Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by page v Preface The problem of polysemy, or of the multiplicity of word meanings, has preoccupied us since the beginning of our professional careers. -
The Polysemy of the Words That Children Learn Over Time Arxiv
The Polysemy of the Words that Children Learn over Time Bernardino Casas [email protected] 1 Neus Català [email protected] 2 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho [email protected] 1 Antoni Hernández-Fernández [email protected] 1,3 Jaume Baixeries [email protected] 1 1. Complexity & Quantitative Linguistics Lab, Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Laboratory for Relational Algorithmics, Complexity and Learning (LARCA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia. 2. Complexity & Quantitative Linguistics Lab, Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Center for Language and Speech Technologies and Applications (TALP Research Center), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia. 3. Institut de Ciències de l0Educació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia. arXiv:1611.08807v2 [cs.CL] 26 Mar 2019 1 Abstract Here we study polysemy as a potential learning bias in vocabulary learning in children. Words of low polysemy could be preferred as they reduce the disambiguation effort for the listener. However, such preference could be a side-effect of another bias: the preference of chil- dren for nouns in combination with the lower polysemy of nouns with respect to other part-of-speech categories. Our results show that mean polysemy in children increases over time in two phases, i.e. a fast growth till the 31st month followed by a slower tendency towards adult speech. In contrast, this evolution is not found in adults interacting with children. This suggests that children have a preference for non-polysemous words in their early stages of vocabulary acquisition. Interestingly, the evolutionary pat- tern described above weakens when controlling for syntactic category (noun, verb, adjective or adverb) but it does not disappear completely, suggesting that it could result from a combination of a standalone bias for low polysemy and a preference for nouns. -
Grammatical Polysemy and Grammaticalization in Cognitive and Generative Perspectives: Finding Common Ground in Inter- Generational Corpora of Ancient Languages1
Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 48, 2017, 239-253 doi: 10.5774/48-0-294 Grammatical polysemy and grammaticalization in cognitive and generative perspectives: Finding common ground in inter- generational corpora of ancient languages1 Christian Locatell Institute of Archaeology and the Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Ariel University, Israel Department of Ancient Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Cognitive and generative approaches to linguistics have taken a different perspective on grammatical polysemy and grammaticalization. While the former see polysemy as a core characteristic of language and a necessary result of grammaticalization within idiolects, the latter see it as a less interesting phenomenon peripheral to linguistics proper. Grammaticalization is seen as a phenomenon of language acquisition which does not disturb the homogeneity of idiolects. These differing perspectives have generated much debate between the two approaches and are even in large part responsible for the different programmatic focuses of each. While the disagreement over grammatical polysemy between these two approaches to language is rooted in entrenched commitments on each side that are perhaps irreconcilable, at least some common ground does seem to be possible. Specifically, when it comes to inter- generational corpora, it seems that both cognitive and generative approaches to linguistics can agree that the universal phenomenon of grammaticalization would result in -
Andras Final.Pdf
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Jozef Andraš Theoretical Approaches to Polysemy Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. Naděžda Kudrnáčová, Ph. D. 2018 1 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………… Author’s signature I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. PhDr. Naděžda Kudrnáčová, CSc. for her kind supervision, patient guidance and support. I would also like to thank my family for their support during the years of my studies. Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 5 1. Meaning .................................................................................................................. 6 2. Lexical Ambiguity.................................................................................................. 7 3. Polysemy in contrast to homonymy ....................................................................... 9 3.1. Polysemy ................................................................................................................ 9 3.2. Homonymy ........................................................................................................... 10 3.3. Distinction between polysemy and homonymy ................................................... 12 4. Relations between polysemes.............................................................................. -
Applying the CIDOC-CRM to Archaeological Grey Literature
Semantic Indexing via Knowledge Organization Systems: Applying the CIDOC-CRM to Archaeological Grey Literature Andreas Vlachidis A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Glamorgan / Prifysgol Morgannwg for the degree of a Doctor of Philosophy. July 2012 University of Glamorgan Faculty of Advanced Technology Certificate of Research This is to certify that, except where specific reference is made, the work presented in this thesis is the result of the investigation undertaken by the candidate. Candidate: ................................................................... Director of Studies: ..................................................... Declaration This is to certify that neither this thesis nor any part of it has been presented or is being currently submitted in candidature for any other degree other than the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Glamorgan. Candidate: ........................................................ Andreas Vlachidis PhD Thesis University of Glamorgan Abstract The volume of archaeological reports being produced since the introduction of PG161 has significantly increased, as a result of the increased volume of archaeological investigations conducted by academic and commercial archaeology. It is highly desirable to be able to search effectively within and across such reports in order to find information that promotes quality research. A potential dissemination of information via semantic technologies offers the opportunity to improve archaeological practice, -
The Semantics and Pragmatics of Polysemy: a Relevance-Theoretic Account
The Semantics and Pragmatics of Polysemy: A Relevance-Theoretic Account Ingrid Lossius Falkum Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London January 2011 I, Ingrid Lossius Falkum, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. _____________________ Sign. 2 Abstract This thesis investigates the phenomenon of polysemy: a single lexical form with two or multiple related senses (e.g. catch the rabbit/order the rabbit; lose a wallet/lose a relative; a handsome man/a handsome gift). I develop a pragmatic account of polysemy within the framework of Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory, where new senses for a word are constructed during on-line comprehension by means of a single process of ad hoc concept construction, which adjusts the meanings of individual words in different directions. While polysemy is largely unproblematic from the perspective of communication, it poses a range of theoretical and descriptive problems. This is sometimes termed the polysemy paradox. A widely held view in lexical semantics is that word meanings must consist of complex representations in order to capture the sense relations involved in polysemy. Contrary to this view, I argue that a conceptual atomist approach, which treats word meanings as unstructured atoms and thereby avoids the range of problems associated with decompositional theories of word meaning, may be at least as able to account for polysemy when paired with an adequate pragmatic theory. My proposed solution to the polysemy paradox is to treat polysemy as a fundamentally communicative phenomenon, which arises as a result of encoded lexical concepts being massively underdetermining of speaker-intended concepts, and is grounded in our pragmatic inferential ability.