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Buttermilk Bay Report Final FINAL REPORT ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS RECOVERED FROM BENEATH A HOUSE IN BUTTERMILK BAY, BOURNE, MASSACHUSETTS By Craig S. Chartier Plymouth Archaeological Rediscovery Project March 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST IF FIGURES.....................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................iv I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 II. PREHISTORIC CONTEXT.................................................................................2 III. HISTORIC CONTEXT.......................................................................................12 IV.ARTIFACT ANALYSIS......................................................................................18 V. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................76 REFERENCES CITED..............................................................................................77 ARTIFACT CATALOG............................................................................................90 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Fragment of possible native bone spear recovered showing possible reconstructed length and style ..................................................................2 Figure 2. Tobacco pipes. Top Left: 1820-1860 pipe bowl; Top Right: E (R or B) Stamped bowl Bottom stem fragment........................................................21 Figure 3. Redware and Jackfield (Right Bottom).......................................... ...........27 Figure 4. Recovered creamware (Top: feather edged plate; Bottom: bowl)..............28 Figure 5. Green edged pearlware plate......................................................................30 Figure 6. Decorated pearlwares.................................................................................31 Figure 7. Ironstone plate fragment ............................................................................32 Figure 8. Stoneware. Left: Westerwald; Right: Fulham............................................33 Figure 9. Cattle bones recovered...............................................................................53 Figure 10. Swine bones recovered.............................................................................54 Figure 11. Sheep bones recovered.............................................................................55 Figure 12. Small mammal bones. Top: cat skulls; Bottom: Top- Raccoon, Middle- cat, Bottom- Woodchuck...........................................................57 Figure 13. Bird bones from the site. Top: Duck, goose, and pigeon skulls; Bottom: chicken, goose and duck bones..................................................58 Figure 15. Floral remains recovered .........................................................................64 Figure 16. Lead kame. Bottom: close up showing embossed "IN 1712" on interior.................................................................................................67 Figure 17. Drinking glass fragments. Left: Vessel 1; Top right: Vessel 2; Bottom right: Vessel11............................................................69 Figure 18. Recovered buttons Left to Right: Cuprous, cuprous, bone, bone, bone...70 Figure 19. How to thread a death head button (from Wilbur The Revolutionary Soldier 1969). ...........................................................71 Figure 20. Early nineteenth century child's shoe with nailed heel.............................72 Figure 21. Hand stitched shoes. Left: Man's shoe; Right: Child's shoe with mark on heel.....................................................................................73 Figure 22. Cloth fragments. Top: linen; Bottom: silk................................................74 Figure 23. Recovered coins. Top: Numismatic example of a Woods Hibernia Half Penny; Center Left to right: Woods Hibernia Half Penny, Mexico 2 reales, undated copper half penny; Bottom: Numismatic example of a Mexico 2 reales.................................................................................75 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Known prehistoric sites within 2 km of project areas. ........ ............. ..........10 Table 2. Artifacts recovered in 2010 from backdirt...................................................18 Table 3. Ceramics recovered......................................................................................21 Table 4. Turnbaugh redware types.............................................................................25 Table 5. Transfer-printing color date ranges and periods of maximum popularity....29 Table 6. Ceramic occurrence by use classes..............................................................34 Table 7. Shellfish recovered......................................................................................37 Table 8. Vertebrate species recovered.......................................................................48 Table 9. Faunal elements present...............................................................................51 Table 10. Bone modifications....................................................................................52 Table 11. Glass vessels recovered.............................................................................68 Table 12. Recovered buttons .............................................................. ............ ............ 71 iv I. INTRODUCTION Renovation work in the spring of 2010 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, resulted in the identification of a post-in-ground house partially located beneath the hall of an extant house. The site was initially identified by David Wheelock, architectural restoration specialist, archaeologist and curator at the Wing Old Fort House in Sandwich, Massachusetts. During the course of restoration at the house, purported to have been built ca. 1690, Mr. Wheelock noticed a concentration of what appeared to be the remains of a wattle and daub wall beneath the hall when the floor boards were removed. Excavations were carried out and it was determined that the clay represented the puddled/ melted remains of what was likely a wattle and daub wall and that it was associated with two post molds from a post-in-ground house that had stood on the site prior to the construction of the current extant house. Prehistoric remains consisting of lithic debitage, the remains of stone pieces that were removed during the course of the manufacture of stone tools by Native Americans, shellfish remains from a thin shell midden, and a post mold from a Native house, were also discovered in the same area. Much of the soil from around the interior of the foundation had previously been removed by other contractors and had been deposited in a pile on the front, south, side of the house. This backdirt pile was screened and the following report documents the analysis of the artifacts from this backdirt pile. Analysis indicates that the soil that was excavated accumulated after the original post-in-ground house had been removed and possibly during a subsequent period of remodeling in the early nineteenth century when the floor of the hall had been removed and the ground beneath it was open and available for the deposition of the artifacts. Artifacts recovered included eighteenth to nineteenth century ceramics and glass, abundant faunal remains representing both animals that were consumed and those that lived commensally with the inhabitants of the house, several shoes, a limited amount of architectural material, and three coins. The house where the backdirt pile was excavated is located on the north side of Old Head of the Bay Road in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts on the eastern shore of Little Buttermilk Bay. It is situated on a knoll of Carver coarse sand (soil survey type 252C) and is approximately 15 meters from the edge of the bay where the fish species and some of the avian species were probably caught. Soils of the Carver series make up the majority of those in Wareham and all the other archaeological sites in the town except one are located on this type of soil. Carver soils consist of very deep extremely drained sandy soils that are ill suited for agricultural use, due to their permeability. Rocks found in this series range from fine gravel size to stones and generally average less than 10% of the composition of the soil. These are part of the Wareham pitted outwash plain, a triangular shaped area of sand extending from Plymouth to West Wareham. This sand was formed between the Narragansett Bay, Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod ice lobes at the end of the last ice age (Skehan 2001: 169). 1 II. PREHISTORIC CONTEXT An interesting, but somewhat small, assemblage of prehistoric artifacts were recovered from the project area. It appears that the knoll where the later colonial house was built, formerly had been used by the local Native people as both a habitation area, hence the post mold, pottery and lithics, and a food processing area, as evidenced by the shell midden. The site appears to have been occupied during the Late Woodland Period (1,200-500 BP) but evidence of earlier occupation could be expected to be found across the entire property. One other probable prehistoric artifact that was recovered was a fragment of worked animal bone that may have been part of a fishing spear (Figure 1). This section of the report puts the prehistoric artifacts within a wider context of the Native
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