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A New Species of Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Agrostidinae) from the Andean P´Aramos of Colombia and Ecuador

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A New Species of Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Agrostidinae) from the Andean P´Aramos of Colombia and Ecuador A New Species of Agrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Agrostidinae) from the Andean P´aramos of Colombia and Ecuador Patricia Candela Palacio,1* Ana Mar´ıa Molina,2 Zulma Esther R´ugolo de Agrasar,3,4 and Andrea Susana Vega1,4 1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronom´ıa, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, C´atedra de Bot´anica General, Av. San Mart´ın 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2Jard´ın Bot´anico Arturo E. Ragonese (JBAER), Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog´ıa Agropecuaria, De Los Reseros y Nicol´as Repetto s. n., 1806, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3Instituto de Bot´anica Darwinion, Labard´en 200, Casilla de correo 22, B1642HYD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4Carrera del Investigador Cient´ıfico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y T´ecnicas (CONICET), Argentina. *Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Agrostis laegaardii A. M. Molina & R´ugolo 1969; Jørgensen & Ulloa Ulloa, 1994), and 11 species (Poaceae), a new species restricted to the high p´aramos have been cataloged in Jørgensen and Le´on-Y´anez from Colombia and Ecuador, is described and illus- (1999). Recent studies of Colombian grasses (Garc´ıa- trated. It is morphologically most similar to A. brevi- Ulloa et al., 2005) included four new records in Agrostis. culmis Hitchc. but differs in spikelet length, pedicel Later, Giraldo-Cañas (2011) prepared an inventory of apex, glume texture, relative distance between upper the Colombian species of Poaceae and reported 14 glume and floret, lemma and palea length, and the species of Agrostis. presence of an awn on the lemma. Micromorphology The present work is part of a taxonomic revision of of the spikelet is discussed, and a Trichodium net is Agrostis for the Neotropical regions of America (Molina reported on the epidermis of the lemma. A distribution &R´ugolo de Agrasar, unpubl. data). Agrostis laegaardii map and a key to the Colombian and Ecuadorean A. M. Molina & R´ugolo, a new species from the p´aramos species of Agrostis L. with contracted inflorescences are of Colombia and Ecuador, is here described and illus- provided. trated and its known geographic distribution is pro- Key words: Agrostidinae, Agrostis, high p´aramos, vided. Details of the spikelet, as well as the epidermis Trichodium net. of the lemma, are analyzed and SEM photomicrographs are included. A key to differentiate A. laegaardii from The grass subtribe Agrostidinae Fr. (Poaceae, Poeae) morphologically similar taxa in this region is provided. is composed of 409 species distributed in 11 genera In Agrostis, the morphology of the inflorescence is (Soreng et al., 2017). One of these genera is Agrostis L., useful for the identification of species (R´ugolo de which comprises about 224 species (Soreng et al., 2017) Agrasar & Molina, 1992, 1998). Two different types and has a wide geographical distribution in temperate of inflorescences are recognized: contracted inflores- and cold regions of both hemispheres and in mountains cences with more or less appressed branches and lax of tropical and subtropical regions. In America, two inflorescences with divergent branches at maturity that important centers of species diversification are present, do not exceed the total length of the inflorescence. The one in the Andean Patagonian region of Argentina and inflorescences of A. laegaardii belong to the first type, Chile, where many native species occur, some of them as do those of several other taxa of Agrostis in Ecuador endemic (R´ugolo de Agrasar & De Paula, 1978; Nicora (i.e., A. boyacensis Swallen & Garc´ıa-Barr., A. brevicul- &R´ugolodeAgrasar,1987;R´ugolo de Agrasar & mis Hitchc., A. foliata Hook. f., A. meyenii Trin., A. Molina, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1998), and the other in the tolucenis Kunth var. tolucensis, and A. tolucensis var. southwestern United States and Mexico (Molina & andicola (Pilg.) R´ugolo & A. M. Molina) and Colombia R´ugolo de Agrasar, unpubl. data). In Ecuador, there (A. stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.). The are several contributions on Agrostis (Sodiro, 1889, morphologically most similar species to A. laegaardii is 1930; Hitchcock, 1927; Espinosa, 1949; Acosta Sol´ıs, A. breviculmis, which is widely distributed in South VERSION OF RECORD FIRST PUBLISHED ONLINE ON 6AUGUST 2020 AHEAD OF FALL 2020 ISSUE. doi: 10.3417/2020544 NOVON 28: 171–178. 172 Novon America, where it occurs in high mountains from Perennial herbs 6–18 cm tall, caespitose, forming Colombia to Chile and Argentina (R´ugolo de Agrasar hemispherical cushions; rhizomes 0.5–1 mm diam., & Molina, 1992, 1993, 1998). These two species differ internodes ca. 5 mm. Innovations intravaginal and from the others in Colombia and Ecuador in being extravaginal. Culms erect, simple, shining, smooth. caespitose plants with short rhizomes, forming basal Leaves up to half as long as culms; sheath smooth, cushions, and having convolute, chartaceous leaf blades papyraceous, striate, longer than internodes, those of with navicular apices and glumes with shiny prickle flowering shoots broader than their leaf blades, gla- hairs along the keel. brous; ligule 1–2 mm, membranous, truncate, decurrent with sheath, apex obtuse, abaxially glabrous or minutely MATERIALS AND METHODS scabrous; blade 1.5–5cm3 1–2 mm, convolute, rigid, straight or recurved, abaxially shining, glabrous; adaxial Macromorphological, micromorphological, and ana- surface and margins scabrous; apex obtusely navicular. tomical studies were carried out using specimens Inflorescence 2–5cm3 3–6 mm, exserted at maturity; from AAU, BAB, QCA, QCNE, SI, and US (Thiers, lateral branches alternate, appressed, minutely sca- 2019), according to traditional taxonomic methods. brous or glabrous; pedicels of spikelets 1.5–4mm, A list of selected material examined is presented slightly dilated toward apex, cupuliform, glabrous or (Appendix 1). minutely scabrous. Spikelets (1.7–)2–3.3 mm, yellow- For micromorphological studies the spikelets were ish with purple tint. Glumes persistent on inflorescence, selected from herbarium specimens, cleaned with xy- membranous, narrowly ellipsoid, subequal, 1-nerved, lene, and coated with a gold-palladium (40%/60%) keeled (V-shaped in cross-section), apex acute, adaxial alloy using a sputter coater (Thermo Fisher Scientific, surface minutely scabrous on the upper half; lower West Sussex, U.K.). The micromorphology of the spike- glume with abundant shiny prickle hairs along keel; lets was analyzed with a Phillips XL 30 (Phillips, upper glume with abundant shiny prickle hairs along Einhoven, the Netherlands) Scanning Electron Micro- upper 2/3–3/4 of keel. Stipe between upper glume and scope (SEM) at the Museo Bernardino Rivadavia (Bue- floret-callus (0.5–)0.7–1 mm, rachilla extension above nos Aires, Argentina). Observations were made of the floret absent. Callus rounded, with 2 lateral tufts of short abaxial epidermis of the lemmas (middle zone) of spike- hairs 0.1–0.2 mm. Lemma (1.4–)1.7–2 mm, 5-nerved, lets attached in the middle zone of the inflorescence membranous, scabrous, apex with 4 minute awns, mid- branches. dle nerve prolonged in a dorsal awn (1.6–)2.3–3 mm, The texture of the glumes was compared with their straight or flexuous, minutely scabrous, inserted in anatomy at the middle zone in transverse section, middle to upper third of lemma, exserted from glumes; according to traditional techniques (D’Ambrogio de abaxial epidermis with Trichodium net. Palea 0.4–0.5 mm, Arg¨ueso, 1986). The anatomical description of the hyaline, nerves not evident. Lodicules 2, 0.3–0.6 mm, glumes in cross section follows the terminology pro- lanceolate, unlobed, hyaline. Stamens 3; anthers posed by Ellis (1976). 0.7–1 mm, purple at maturity. Ovary glabrous. Imma- ture caryopsis brownish, longitudinally grooved; hilum TAXONOMIC TREATMENT punctiform; endosperm dry. Agrostis laegaardii A. M. Molina & R´ugolo, sp. nov. Phenology. Flowering occurs from February to TYPE: Ecuador. Pichincha-Napo: on N-side of May. Volc´an Antisana app. 12 km along dirt rd. from Hacienda Antisana, 78°109W 00°279S, 4600–4650 m, Etymology. Agrostis laegaardii is dedicated to in old moraines, soil partly unconsolidated due to soli- Simon Laegaard, botanist and specialist in Poaceae fluction, 15 May 1992, S. Laegaard 102881 (holotype, and native flora of Ecuador, who collected the type AAU!; isotypes, BAB!, QCA!, QCNE!). Figure 1. and much of the known material. Diagnosis. Agrostis laegaardii A. M. Molina & R´ugolo Geographic distribution and habitat. Agrostis lae- is distinguished from A. breviculmis Hitchc. by having gaardii is found in the high p´aramos of Colombia and – – – – spikelets (1.7 )2 3.3 mm long (vs. 1.6 2[ 2.5] mm long), Ecuador, forming dense tufts. In Ecuador the species pedicels slightly dilated toward the apex, cupuliform (vs. apex not dilated, truncate); glumes membranous (vs. char- was collected in the provinces of Pichincha, Napo, taceous), lower glume narrowly ellipsoid (vs. navicular); Pastaza, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, and Chimborazo (Fig. distance between upper glume and floret (0.5–)0.7–1mm 2), inhabiting a pajonal moorland according to the – – – (vs. 0.3 0.5 mm); lemma (1.4 )1.7 2 mm long, awned, classification of moors proposed by Hofstede et al. dorsal awn (1.6–)2.3–3 mm long, apex shortly 4-awned, 0.5–0.6 mm long (vs. lemma 1.2–1.4 mm long, awnless or (2002). In Colombia, A. laegaardii was collected near mucronulate, apex 4-mucronate), and palea 0.4–0.5 mm the Nevado del Ruiz, an active stratovolcano (Mej´ıa long (vs. 0.2–0.3 mm long). et al., 2012). All these collections belong to the Andean Volume 28, Number 3 Palacio et al. 173 2020 Agrostis (Poaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador Figure 1. Agrostis laegaardii A. M. Molina & R´ugolo. —A. Habit. —B. Ligule, ventral view. —C. Apex of the leaf. —D. Lateral view of spikelet. —E. Floret, dorsal view. —F. Floret, ventral view. —G.
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