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Developing a Health Training Program to Prepare for Volcanic Eruptions in Colombia and Ecuador
ECHO/ISDR good practices for resilient communities Developing a Health Training Program to Prepare for Volcanic Eruptions in Colombia and Ecuador A DIPECHO Project, executed by The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Summary Country/ies of implementation of the Action Ecuador and Colombia. In Ecuador, the provinces of Pichincha, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Sucumbios, and Napo. In Colombia, the departments of Nariño, Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío. Principal objective To reduce risk by better preparing the vulnerable populations in the areas most affected by volcanic eruptions in Ecuador and Colombia. In this case, preparedness means the reinforcement of the coping capacity of the health sector at the national, sub-national and municipal level in both selected countries. These improvements are critical to the establishment of a better preparedness program, and to the exchange of technical experiences between Ecuador and Colombia. Specific objective Strengthening the technical capacity of the health sector in both selected countries to respond to volcanic eruptions, through the development and dissemination of training materials on health preparedness, a “train the trainers” program for health professionals at the national, sub-national and municipal levels, and training of members of existing disaster response teams (EOCs). 1.1.1. 1.1.2. Problem statement Together, Ecuador and Colombia have the highest number of active volcanoes in Latin America. History in those countries is plagued with examples of volcanic eruptions that have caused dramatic human and economic losses with a significant impact on the development of the affected populations, such as the Nevado del Ruiz eruption in 1985 in Colombia, and the eruptions of the Guagua Pichincha, Tungurahua and Reventador volcanoes in recent years in Ecuador. -
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. About Ecuador
2nd Meeting of the ITU Centres of Excellence (CoE) Steering Committee for the Americas Region From 11 to 12 December 2019 Quito, Ecuador 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. About Ecuador: Ecuador is the second smallest country in South America. Nevertheless, it has a diversity of landscapes to explore. The Pacific Coast stretches along the western edge of Ecuador, while the Highlands or the "Sierra" is centralized in the country, stretching all the way from the North to the South. The East is mainly composed of Amazonian rainforest; and, the "Island Region" contains the Galapagos Islands, volcanic islands located in the Pacific Ocean about 960 kilometres from the Ecuadorian coast. The unique wildlife located in the archipelago inspired the British naturalist Charles Darwin in the development of the theory of evolution. Due to the proximity of the country with the Equator and its geographic diversity, Ecuador is an ideal destination for lovers of nature, orchids and exotic birds and jungle plants, strange insects, wastelands hit by the wind, tropical forests and intrepid animals. Due to the proximity of the country with the Equator and its geographic diversity, Ecuador is an ideal destination for nature lovers, with orchids and exotic birds, jungle plants and strange insects, moorlands hit by the wind, tropical forests and intrepid animals. In addition to the natural richness, Ecuador has a recognized cultural heritage deriving mainly from the traditions and history of their diverse peoples and nationalities, an integral part of this Andean country. As a result of its small size (256.370 square kilometres), all its regions can be easily visited in a short period of time. -
La Catástrofe Del Nevado Del Ruiz, ¿Una Enseñanza Para El Ecuador? El Caso Del Cotopaxi
La catástrofe del Nevado del Ruiz, ¿Una enseñanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi. Robert d’Ercole To cite this version: Robert d’Ercole. La catástrofe del Nevado del Ruiz, ¿Una enseñanza para el Ecuador? El caso del Cotopaxi.. Estudios de Geograf’ia, Corporación Editora Nacional, 1989, Riesgos Naturales en Quito, 2, pp.5-32. hal-01184809 HAL Id: hal-01184809 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01184809 Submitted on 25 Aug 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LA CATASTROFE DEL NEVADO DEL RUIZ l UNA ENSENANZA- PARA EL ECUADOR ? EL CASO DEL COTOPAXI Robert D'Ercole* El 13 de noviembre de 1985, el volcân colombiano, el Nevado deI Ruiz, erupciono provocando la muerte de unas 25.000 personas. Esta es la mayor catâstrofe causada por un volcan desde la que produjo 29.000 victimas, en 1902 en la isla Martinica, luego de la erupci6n de la Montafla Pelée. La magnitud de las consecuencias y el hecho de que el Ruiz haya dado signos de reactivaci6n mucho tiempo antes, plantean el problema deI fenomeno natural pero también de los factores humanos que originaron la tragedia. -
Cayambeantisana Skills Expedition
The Spirit of Alpinism www.AlpineInstitute.com [email protected] Administrative Office: 360-671-1505 Equipment Shop: 360-671-1570 CayambeAntisana Skills Expedition Program Itinerary Copyright 2015, American Alpine Institute Day 1: Arrive Quito (9500 ft / 2895 m) – Start of Part 1 This is the first scheduled day of the program. Arrive in Quito and meet your guide and other members of the expedition at Hotel Reina Isabel. The first day is designated for travel to Ecuador and becoming situated in country. For those who arrive early, we will provide you with a variety of sight seeing options including a tour of the historic colonial sector of Quito and El Panecillo overlooking the city. We will spend the night at Hotel Reina Isabel. Day 2: Acclimatize Otavalo Market After meeting the rest of your group for breakfast, we will drive north, crossing the line of the Equator on our way to the Otavalo market. We begin our acclimatization by exploring the market which is filled with indigenous crafts and food. For lunch, we will take a leisurely walk to Lago de San Pablo and dine on the lake shore across from the dormant Imbabura Volcano (15,255ft). We will return to Hotel Reina Isabel for the evening. Day 3: Acclimatize Cerro Pasochoa (13,776 ft / 4199 m) Today we will go on our first acclimatization hike on Cerro Pasochoa. The Pasochoa Wildlife Refuge has been protected since 1982, and exists as it did in preColombian times. In the forest below Cerro Pasochoa we will hike among stands of pumamaqui, polyapis, podocarpus, and sandlewood trees as we watch for some of the more than one hundred species of native birds. -
Lessons from the Chevron Ecuador Litigation: the Proposed Intervenors’ Perspective
KIMERLING_FINAL_VOL.1.2.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 10/14/13 6:46 PM LESSONS FROM THE CHEVRON ECUADOR LITIGATION: THE PROPOSED INTERVENORS’ PERSPECTIVE Judith Kimerling* INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 241 I. APPLICATION OF THE FORUM NON CONVENIENS DOCTRINE BY THE AGUINDA V. TEXACO COURT .............................................................................. 245 II. THE HUAORANI AND TEXACO ........................................................................... 261 III. THE LAGO AGRIO LAWSUIT AND RELATED LITIGATION ................................... 271 CONCLUSION AND LESSONS LEARNED ................................................................... 291 INTRODUCTION This symposium provides a welcome opportunity for scholars and practitioners with a wide range of perspectives to examine issues raised by the increasingly complex litigation related to Texaco’s oil extraction operations in the Amazon Rainforest in Ecuador. I have worked in the affected region since 1989, and my original research was the basis for the environmental allegations in the initial class action lawsuit that launched the ongoing litigation that has come to be known as “the Chevron-Ecuador Litigation.” That lawsuit, Aguinda v. Texaco, Inc., was filed in federal court in New York in 1993, and asserted claims on behalf of Indigenous and settler residents who have been harmed by pollution from Texaco’s Ecuador operations. I was not involved in bringing either that case or the subsequent -
SABO in Ecuador
SABO in Ecuador Remigio Galárraga Sánchez, Ph. D. Water Sciences Unit, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Escuela Politécnica Nacional-Quito, Ecuador Lima – Perú November 20 – 26, 2005 Layout of presentation: • 1. First steps of SABO in Ecuador. List of disaster prevention engineering projects. • 2. Experiences of SABO in Ecuador. • 2.1. The Guagua Pichincha experience. • 2.2. The Cotopaxi volcano experience. • 2.3. HIGEODES 1. First steps of SABO in Ecuador. • DEBRIS-MUD FLOWS OF VOLCANIC ORIGIN • Debris and mud flows numerical simulation • Early warning systems – Pichincha volcano • Physical hydraulic models • Hazard maps • Structural and non-structural mitigation measures • DEBRIS-MUD FLOWS OF HYDROMETEOROLOGIC ORIGEN. • HIGEODES –Hydrogeodynamic & Antropogenic Disaster Prevention Research Center. • Main disaster prevention Engineering Projects. a.- Debris- mudflow hazard maps in the western part of the city of Quito. b.- Physical modeling of deposited volcanic ash. c.- Mudflow simulation using FLO-2D. Due to a possible eruption of the Guagua Pichincha volcano, west of Quito. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 2. SABO IN ECUADOR THEThe GUAGUA Guagua PICHINCHA Pichincha VOLCANO volcano 2.1 The Guagua Pichincha volcano • Location: Latitude: 0. 17° S Longitude: 78.60° W • Basic information Elevation: 4794 m Diameter in the base: 12 km N-S Type of volcano: Estratovolcano with an avalanche open caldera to the west • Diameter of the caldera: 1.6 km Depth of the caldera: 700 m Domo in the caldera, elevation: 400 m • GUAGUA PICHINCHA: • First attemp to study debris and mud flows of volcanic origin by numerical simulation both in the sideslopes of the volcano masiff andwithinthecity. -
Cayambeantisana Skills Expedition
The Spirit of Alpinism www.AlpineInstitute.com [email protected] Administrative Office: 360-671-1505 Equipment Shop: 360-671-1570 Ecuador High Altitude Expedition Program Itinerary Copyright 2015, American Alpine Institute Part One: CayambeAntisana Skills Expedition Day 1: Arrive Quito (9500 ft / 2895 m) – Start of Part 1 This is the first scheduled day of the program. Arrive in Quito and meet your guide and other members of the expedition at Hotel Reina Isabel. The first day is designated for travel to Ecuador and becoming situated in country. For those who arrive early, we will provide you with a variety of sight seeing options including a tour of the historic colonial sector of Quito and El Panecillo overlooking the city. We will spend the night at Hotel Reina Isabel. Day 2: Acclimatize Otavalo Market After meeting the rest of your group for breakfast, we will drive north, crossing the line of the Equator on our way to the Otavalo market. We begin our acclimatization by exploring the market which is filled with indigenous crafts and food. For lunch, we will take a leisurely walk to Lago de San Pablo and dine on the lake shore across from the dormant Imbabura Volcano (15,255ft). We will return to Hotel Reina Isabel for the evening. Day 3: Acclimatize Cerro Pasochoa (13,776 ft / 4199 m) Today we will go on our first acclimatization hike on Cerro Pasochoa. The Pasochoa Wildlife Refuge has been protected since 1982, and exists as it did in preColombian times. In the forest below Cerro Pasochoa we will hike among stands of pumamaqui, polyapis, podocarpus, and sandlewood trees as we watch for some of the more than one hundred species of native birds. -
Regional Synthesis of Last Glacial Maximum Snowlines in the Tropical Andes, South America
ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary International 138–139 (2005) 145–167 Regional synthesis of last glacial maximum snowlines in the tropical Andes, South America Jacqueline A. Smitha,Ã, Geoffrey O. Seltzera,y, Donald T. Rodbellb, Andrew G. Kleinc aDepartment of Earth Sciences, 204 Heroy Geology Lab, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1070, USA bDepartment of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA cDepartment of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Available online 18 April 2005 Abstract The modern glaciers of the tropical Andes are a small remnant of the ice that occupied the mountain chain during past glacial periods. Estimates of local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) snowline depression range from low (e.g., 200–300 m in the Junin region, Peru), through intermediate (600 m at Laguna Kollpa Kkota in Bolivia), to high (e.g., 1100–1350 m in the Cordillera Oriental, Peru). Although a considerable body of work on paleosnowlines exists for the tropical Andes, absolute dating is lacking for most sites. Moraines that have been reliably dated to 21 cal kyr BP have been identified at few locations in the tropical Andes. More commonly, but still rarely, moraines can be bracketed between about 10 14C kyr (11.5 cal kyr BP) and 30 14C kyr BP. Typically, only minimum-limiting ages for glacial retreat are available. Cosmogenic dating of erratics on moraines may be able to provide absolute dating with sufficient accuracy to identify deposits of the local LGM. Ongoing work using cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in Peru and Bolivia suggests that the local LGM may have occurred prior to 21 cal kyr BP. -
Antisana Volcano: a Representative Andesitic Volcano of the Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador: Petrography, Chemistry, Tephra and Glacial Stratigraphy
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 73 (2017) 50e64 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Antisana volcano: A representative andesitic volcano of the eastern cordillera of Ecuador: Petrography, chemistry, tephra and glacial stratigraphy * Minard L. Hall a, , Patricia A. Mothes a, Pablo Samaniego b, Annemarie Militzer d, Bernardo Beate c, Patricio Ramon a, Claude Robin b a Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Casilla 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador b Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Universite Blaise Pascal - CNRS - IRD, Campus Universitaire des Cezeaux, 6 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubiere, France c Dept. Geología, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Casilla 1701-2759, Quito, Ecuador d Institute for Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat€ Mainz, Germany article info abstract Article history: Antisana volcano is representative of many active andesitic strato-volcanoes of Pleistocene age in Received 28 May 2016 Ecuador's Eastern Cordillera. This study represents the first modern geological and volcanological Received in revised form investigation of Antisana since the late 1890's; it also summarizes the present geochemical under- 2 November 2016 standing of its genesis. The volcano's development includes the formation and destruction of two older Accepted 26 November 2016 edifices (Antisana I and II) during some 400 þ ka. Antisana II suffered a sector collapse about 15,000 Available online 29 November 2016 years ago which was followed by the birth and growth of Antisana III. During its short life Antisana III has generated 50 eruptions of small to medium intensity, often associated with andesitic to dacitic lava Keywords: fl Long-lived evolving andesitic volcanism ows and tephra, as well as with late Pleistocene and Holocene glacial advances. -
Sector Report Oil & Gas Ecuador
Oil & Gas – Ecuador Sector Report Oil & Gas Ecuador Produced by: Sebastian Sauleo C. Trade and Investment Officer British Embassy Quito Last revised February 2009 Whereas every effort has been made to ensure that the information given in this document is accurate, neither UK Trade & Investment nor its parent Departments (the Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform, and the Foreign & Commonwealth Office), accept liability for any errors, omissions or misleading statements, and no warranty is given or responsibility accepted as to the standing of any individual, firm, company or other organisation mentioned. Published - 2009 by UK Trade & Investment. Crown Copyright © www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk Oil & Gas – Ecuador Table of Contents OVERVIEW 3 OPPORTUNITIES 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF MARKET 6 KEY METHODS OF DOING BUSINESS 7 MORE DETAILED SECTOR REPORTS 8 PUBLICATIONS 9 EVENTS 9 CONTACT LISTS 9 www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk Page 2 of 10 Oil & Gas – Ecuador OVERVIEW Ecuador is the fifth-largest producer of oil in South America and the smallest oil producer in OPEC, with an assigned production quota of 520,000 bbl/d, from which 368,000 bbl/d are exported and 152,000 bbl/d consumed locally. The oil industry represents 15 percent of gross domestic product and 40 percent of the country’s exports. Recoverable oil reserves are estimated to be of about 4.6 billion barrels. Most of the oil production is extracted in the environmentally fragile Amazon region. Petroecuador, the Government owned oil company, is responsible of about 46 percent of the country’s crude oil production. The rest is produced by private operators with the largest currently being Repsol-YPF representing 11 percent of the country’s total crude oil production. -
Sangay Volcano: Ecuador
Sangay Volcano: Ecuador drishtiias.com/printpdf/sangay-volcano-ecuador Why in News Recently, Ecuador’s Sangay volcano erupted. Key Points About Sangay Volcano: Sangay volcano is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world and one of Ecuador's most active ones. Sangay is the southernmost stratovolcano (a volcano built up of alternate layers of lava and ash) in the northern volcanic zone of the Andes. It is 5230 m high. The Andes is the longest above water mountain range in the world and boasts some of the highest peaks. Sangay National Park is located in the central part of Ecuador on the Andes mountains' eastern side. It is a world heritage site. Eruptions: The earliest report of a historical eruption was in 1628. More or less continuous eruptions were reported from 1728 until 1916, and again from 1934 to the present. Sangay has had frequent eruptions in historic times, mostly of strombolian type. Other Major Volcanoes of Ecuador: Ecuador, part of the Pacific Rim’s “Ring of Fire” region, has eight volcanoes such as Cotopaxi (5,897m), Cayambe (5,790m), Pichincha (4,784m) etc. in its territory. 1/3 Volcanic Eruptions About: Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. The most common consequences of this are population movements as large numbers of people are often forced to flee the moving lava flow. Types: Volcanic activity and volcanic areas are commonly divided into six major types: Icelandic: It is characterized by effusions of molten basaltic lava that flow from long, parallel fissures. Such outpourings often build lava plateaus. -
Late Holocene Eruptive Activity at Nevado Cayambe Volcano, Ecuador
1; . II Bull Volcano1 (1998) 59:451459 O Springer-Verlag 1998 P. Samaniego * M. Monzier . C. Robin M. L. HaII- Late Holocene eruptive activity at Nevado Cayambe Volcano, Ecuador Received: 5 July 1997 I Accepted: 21 October 1997 Abstract Four Late Holocene pyroclastic units com- Ecuador, 60 km northeast of Quito (Fig. 1). During the posed of block and ash flows, surges, ashfalls of silicic last centuries, the only signs of activity on this large andesite and dacite composition, and associated lahar edifice have been strong sulphur smells reported by deposits represent the recent products emitted by mountaineers. However, in a paper summarizing the domes on the upper part of Nevado Cayambe, a large Holocene tephrostratigraphy of the principal Ecuado- ice-capped volcano 60 km northeast of Quito. These rian volcanoes, Hall and Mothes (1994) report six re- units are correlated stratigraphically with fallout depos- gional fallout deposits probably related to recent activi- its (ash and lapilli) exposed in a peat bog. Based on I4C ty of Nevado Cayambe (i.e., < 10000 years BP). More- dating of the peat and charcoal, the following ages were over, a letter written in 1802 to A. Von Humboldt, re- obtained: - 910 years BP for the oldest unit, lating a volcanic event at Nevado Cayambe in 1785- 680-650 years BP for the second, and 400-360 years BP 1786, has recently been published (Ascásubi, 1802, in for the two youngest units. Moreover, the detailed "Briefe aus Amerika" by Ulrike Moheit, 1993). This tephrochronology observed in the peat bog and in oth- event, previously unknown to the volcanological com- er sections implies at least 21 volcanic events during the munity, seems to be the only historic eruption of the last 4000 years, comprising three principal eruptive volcano.