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**-111*-*#-**********Jk.*#************#***.************4********************* CO - E DOCURENT-RESUME ED 191 947 OD 020* 838 AUTHOR 'Bonutti,4arI: PrpAci George TITLE Selected =Ethnic Communities of Cleveland: A Socio-Economic Study. INSTITUTION CIeVeIand State Univ., Ohio:: Cleveland Urban observatory,- Chio. SPCNS AGENCY. Department of Housing_and urban Develoiment, 'Washington; D.C.: :National League of Cities, . Wathington, PUB DATE Apr 74 NOTE 299p.: Sables may be marginally legible due to small print; EDIS PitCE ME01/PC12 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS '*Comtunity-Chinge: *Comiunityttaracteristi'OS: *Ethnic Groups: Hispanic Americans: Italian Americans: Local'History: *Neighborhoods: puerto Ricans IDEKTIFIERT. Croatian Americans: Humgarian.Americans: *Ohio (Cleveland) :- SIoiene.Americans ABSTRACT The- origins, socioeconomic growth, and present _status of four., Ohio, ethnic neighborhoods are analyzed in-this Teport.in order to determine their viability aS_Inner city, communities. She communities studied include (1) a "white ethnic island," the Slovenian/Croatian neighborhood-on the East Side: (2)an area- of "dying neighborhood spirit," the_Hungarian community also located on the East Side:(3). St. Rocco Parish, an-"aging" West Side Italian neigbborhood: and (4)fifte recently born Puerto Rican area on . the West Side.-The importance of ethnic groups in Cleveland's Overall economic development is outlined; The development of the foUr individual neighborhoods is described at length in terms of each _area's social, economic, religious, and cultural history. Qiurrent communitactivities,y. both social and commercial, are also diScussed, and current population figures and census tract,maps are presented. TherresuIts of a survey conducted u*der the present study, focusing on demographic-profiles, literacy, home ownership, income, empIcYment, stopping facilities; etc., :are described and compared for the four-eft-Tito-neighborhoods. Finally, a discussion of public policy that\might be directed toward the economic and social revitalization of these and Cleveland's other ethnic communities is presented; (GC) k#31c#31c4cAlc####*#*#*###*###*******###********#######********301c***####*#** *ReproductionS-SUpplied,bq EDES_are_the best that can be from Otiptititta dOCtitti4tit... *. **-111*-*#-**********Jk.*#************#***.************4********************* CO - E .11S 111 0Z SELECTED ETHNIC': 0=0< CC 0 O. -MMUNMES OF CLEVELAND w cue Jrn 80C.10gCONQMIC-.STUDY 0Z x< -J 0 r< r< by Karl.Bohutti and Proic, . Cleveland Urban ObserVatory.. cCeVeland 1--;aloh 2 Perk, Mayor Mietiazi S. Pap, Director U S. OERARTMENT OF HEALTH. EOUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSILTUTE OF EOUCATION THLS_ _DOCUMENT HAS BEEN- g PRO- CLEVELAND ETHNIC-HfRITAGE STUDIES`_DLIC5 EXACTLY AS RECEIVED' RazFTGZA__I THE PERSON OR OWDANIZATIO AZINGAT_ POINTS OF -WSW OR- OPINIONS CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY 1977 STATED. 00,NO-T NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF Z., EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATIONAWELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON -OR ORGANIZATION OR I-GIN- ATI NO IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARJLY R EPRE- SENT-OP FACIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY SELECTED ETHNIC COMMUNITIES OF CLEVELAND A SOCIO=ECONOMIC STUDY Karl Bonuttii Ph.D. George.Prpici 141;13; for The Cleveland Urban Observatory Cityof Cleveland Cleveland Eihnic Heritage Studies Cleveland State University 1974 _Second. Printing_1977 of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study repr4sents a joint effort by many people who have contributed time and expertise in an area of research which has been,Reglectedfor many years by the academic_communfty and public officials. Wehope tht, however imperfect, this research will shed some light on the sybject, and influence others to redirect their efforts forin-dePthstudies of .a fascinating and vital area in the life of our hation. Our appreciation goes to the four neighborhood coordinators,. Mr; John Palasics, Sr., father Oscar Gumucio, Richard Mott and Dr.. Luigi Messineo; to the Hungarian team of researchers: Dr. Gent Szentmiklosy, John.J. Palasics, Jr.., Rev:Edward Grosz, Donald Brinza, Joseph Chelenk6, Elaine Galgany, Eva Szabo, Helen Horvath, . Joseph Horvath, Ann Gonda, Ethel Boros, and Charles J. St. John; to the Slovenianjeam: John ii/idmar, Steve Renko and Matt Novak.; to the Puerto Rican Team: Phyllis Raphael, Ruben Red, Millie Perez, and Betty Ortiz; to the Italian team:e3Dr. Charles-Ferroni, Father Arcadio Partida, 'Patricia Ferretti, and Vito-Sanitato. Our special debt of gratitude for drafting the historical parts goes to Mm John Palasics, Sr.,,PhylliS RaOhael and,Ruben Red, Dr. Charles Ferront, and John. Vidmar: Particular thanks to Dr. Daniel Weinberg for supervising and editing the historical section, Dr.,Vijay Mathur ill for the research on crime and ethnicity, Dr; Donald Curran for ::he-- tax proposal, Dr: Daniel F: Reidy,John GrabOwski and Ursuia Coleman for researching andreviewing various parts of the study: Last but not least, many thanks to Mrs. Jean Ferretti,our Secretaiv _ and Mrs. Gladys Hay for thetedious typing process and for bringing the report to fts completion. Naturally, any responsibility for omissionsor mistakes rests with r. Karl Bonutti,' Project Director Dr. George Prpic, Co-Director LIST OF MAPS Map 1. Nationality Groups (first and second generation). from Country of Orioin...... , . 29 Map 2. \ Ethnic Concentrations in Quartiles 30 _Map 3. Ethnic Concentration in Percentages 6'31' Map a. Black Concentration, 50% or More : . 32 Map 5. Foreign Stock- Hungary 1970 (Hungarian Buckeye Neighborhood) 34 MAO 6; Census Tract Numbers, (Hunoarian Buckeye Neighborhood, 1940=73) 76 Map 7. .Hungariah Community = 1950 77. Map 8. Hungarian Community 1960 78 Map 9. .Hungarian Community,- 1970 79 Map 10.:Hungarian 'Community= 1973 . .... .... 80 Ma0,11.Italian-St. Rocco Neighborhood by Census Tract - 1970 122 .Map 12. Poreign'Stock - Italian 1970 (Italian Neighborhoods of-Cleveland) .129 Map 13. SloVenian St. Clair NeighborhOod 1970 146 ,Map 14. Slovenian Neighborhoods in CleVeland-- 1970 . 149 Mip 15. St. Clair Neighborhood Wiensut Tract and ,Black Population -1.950 171 Map 16. St. Clair Neighborhood- by Census Tract AndBlack Population - 1960 172. Map 17; St. Clair Neighborhood hy Census Tract- and Black Population --1965 173. Map 18. St. Clair Neighborhood by Census Tract and-Black Population-= 1970 174 Map 19. Puerto Rican Nearlest Side Neighborhood - 1970 1"78 Map 20. "Cleveland Ethnic Corridors- 1970 ..... 202 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iiii LIST OF MAPS = 1 . ..... v INTRODUCTION' METHODOLOGY THE ETHNIC FACTOR IN THE CLEVELAND ECONOMY 11 TETHNIC COMMUNITIES .OF CLEVELAND 25 DEVELOPMENT ©F THE FOUR NEIGHBORHOODS- 33 Development of. the Hungarian Buckeye Neighborhood . 35 Development of the Italian=St. Rocco's Neighborhood . 123. DevelopMentbf the Slovenian-Croatian - St. Clair. Neighborhoe4 . .- . ... 147 Development of_the Puerto Rican Near West Side Neighborhood- 179. SURVEY ANALYSIS 199 .General Survey Characteristics ...... 200, Analysis:of the Hungarian- Buckeye Neighborhood -209 'Analysis;of7the Italian-St.. Rocco's Neighborhood' 220 Analysis_of the_Slovenian4roatiarT St. Clair Neighbbrhood . 230 Analysis of the Puerto Rican Near West Side Neighborhood 240 ETHNICITY AND PROPERTY CRIMES 249 POLICY RECOMMEMATIONS:Landmark Community Proposal 255 , Tax Rebate ProOdsal 263 CONCLUSIONS . ... 275 _ - INTRODUCTION The post -World War II urban crisis markee by sprawling cities expanding into Megilopolfes,quickly developed into a,najor national crisis highlighted by internal population moments: aid migrations. Huge =population shifts fromieuth to north and d-oatt to .west radi tally-changed the composition of:our urban areas. A planless nation could not effectively cope with the changing socio-economic structure of our.urban communities. Innumerable '47 stop-gap programs,. intended to alleviate urban problems, often , furthered the deterioration of existing communities. By 1970, how- evert the decade of Urban riots had subsided and rates of miigration tapered off. Sober evaluatiOn and analysis of existing solutions -to urban problems now calls for less academic and more practical programs; It is within this context that the,research for the present study of some of Cleveland's longstanding neighborhoods was Undertaken. In the report the authors analyze'telected.ethnic neighbor- hoods, their origin, socio=economic growth and present status, to . determine their viability as inner city communities.All'this aimed at evaluating the possibilitY of revitalizing and rehabili- tating these neighborhoods rather than allowing their deterioration to the level of near slums. Bulldozers can rebOild impersonal,distritts,.but they cannot prodUce the internal life . and cohesiveness and historical associa- tient which.are necessary for theaxistentaof a nef6hborhood. 'While post-World War II mobilityhas opened eyer widening routes to suburban livino, bynow the 'last frontier" of urban expansion into open space probably has been reached, Commuting -suburbanites are_serlously-weigning-tradakiffi. Further 'out- migration is losing its appeal. With the increasing number of workingwives, smaller o families and higher-transportationcosts, the value and attractive- ness of city living is being rediscovered. The apostles:of the "throw-awaY".econoMyand "planned Obso= 6 lestence" are slowly beingreplated byenvironmentalists and resource planners for whom qualityof life is more important than conspicuous
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