Environmental Assessment and Environmental Management Framework

E2046

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

STATE PROJECT SUPPORT UNIT MADHYA PRADESH DISTRICT POVERTY INITIATIVE PROJECT PHASE II

December 2008

Public Disclosure Authorized Table of contents

List of tables iv List of Figures v List of Figures vi Chapter 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Overview of MPDPIP II 1 1.2.1 Project Area 1 1.2.2 Project Objectives 1 1.2.3 Project Components 2 1.2.4 Institutional Arrangements of the Project 4 1.2.5 Community Institutions 6 1.2.6 Requirement of Environmental Management Framework (EMF) 7 1.2.7 Scope of EMF 7 1.2.8 Objective of the Environmental Management Framework 7 1.2.9 Methodology 8 Chapter 2 2.0 Review of Environmental Status 12 2.1 Overview of Environmental Conditions in Madhya Pradesh 12 2.2 Overview of Project Area 12 2.3 Land Use 16 2.3.1 Overview of Land Use in the State 16 2.3.2 Overview of Land Use in the Project Area 16 2.4 Agriculture 17 2.4.1 Overview of Agriculture in the State 17 2.4.2 Overview of Agriculture in the Project Area 17 2.5 Water Resources 22 2.5.1 Overview of Water Resources in the State 22 2.5.2 Overview of Water Resources in the Project Area 22 2.6 Forest Resources 24 2.6.1 Overview of Forest Resources in the State 24 2.6.2 Overview of Forest Resources in the Project Area 26 Chapter 3 3.0 Legal and Regulatory Framework Relevant to MPDPIP II 32 Chapter 4 4.0 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) 41 4.1 Requirement of EMF 41 4.2 Scope of EMF 41 4.3 Objectives of the EMF 41 4.4 Components of EMF 41 4.4.1 Environmental Appraisal 42 4.4.2 Supervision, Monitoring and Audit 46 4.4.3 Institutional Arrangements 53 4.4.4 Capacity building 58

4.4.5 Budget 61 Annexure Annexure: 1 Screening TEG – Section A – Non-permissible Activities 62 Annexure: 2 TEG section B -Category of Environmental assessment 64 Annexure: 3 Specific Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) 72 Annexure: 4 Generic TEG 114 Annexure 5 Environmental Actions Agreement Form 116 Annexure 6 Drinking Water Quality Testing 128 Annexure 7 List of PHED Offices of the Districts (for Drinking Water Quality Testing) 129 Annexure 8 Block wise safe / critical and over exploited zone of ground water 130 Annexure 9 Pest Management Plan / IPM 132 Annexure 10 Pesticides banned in India 136 Annexure 11 Pesticide Classification List as per WHO (World Health Organizations) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95). 137 Annexure 12 Seed of only those varieties, which are notified under section 5 of the seeds Act, 1966, shall be eligible for certification. 144 Annexure 13 Ground Water Recharging Structure 145 Annexure 14 Biogas Plant 147 Annexure 15 Sanitation Facility 153 Annexure 16 NADEP 155 Annexure 17 Cattle and Buffalo Breeds Important Characteristics/Description 156 Annexure 18 Environment MIS Formats 158

iii

List of tables

Table 1: Composition of Project Management Units 11 Table 2: Key Service Providers 12 Table 3: Project coverage area of DPIP II 12 Table 4: Agro-climatic features of districts in MPDPIP II 15 Table 5: District-Wise Soil Fertility Status 19 Table 6: Crop productivity of major crops in MPDPIP II districts 20 Table 7: Ground water development in Shajapur District 23 Table 8: District-wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh 26 Table 9: District-wise details of the Joint Forest Management Committees 28 Table 10: Protected Areas in the Districts of MPDPIP II 29 Table 11: Safeguard policies of the World Bank 37 Table 12: Details of sample size of SHGs for monitoring 46 Table 13: Roles and responsibilities of project functionaries in implementation of EMF 54 Table 14: Roles and responsibilities of community institution partners in implementation of EMF 57

List of Figures

Fig 1: The MPDPIP II Project Area 13 Fig 2: Agro-climatic regions of Madhya Pradesh 14 Figure 3: Land use classification of MP 16 Fig 4: Land use in MPDPIP II Project Area 17 Fig 5: Percentage of net sown area to total geographic area 18 Fig 6: Percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area 18 Fig 7: Fertilizer consumption in MPDPIP II Districts 19 Fig 8: Yield of major crops 21 Fig 9: Annual average rainfall in project area 22 Fig 10: ground water development in project area 23 Figure 11: Area wise forest classifications in MP 25 Figure 12: Forest cover in Madhya Pradesh 25 Fig 13: Percentage of area under forest in districts of MPDPIP II 26 Fig 14: Process for environmental appraisal of SHG Livelihood Plan 44 Fig 15: Process for environmental appraisal of PO Business Plan 45

v List of Acronyms

BCM Billion Cubic Meter BOD Board of Directors CEO Chief Executive Officer DPM District Project Manager DPSU District Project Support Unit EMF Environmental Management Framework GCA Gross Cropped Area GDP Gross Domestic Product GOMP Government of Madhya Pradesh GW Ground Water Ha Hectare HDR Human Development Report HR Human Resource IPM Integrate Pest Management MP Madhya Pradesh MP-DPIP Madhya Pradesh District Poverty Initiative Project MPSPAI Madhya Pradesh Society Poverty Alleviation Initiatives NGO Non Governmental Organizations NP National Park NTFP Non Timber Forest Produce NWFP Non Wood Forest Products PC Project Coordinator PFT Project Facilitation Teams PO Producer Organization SHG Self Help Groups SPSU State Project Support Unit TEG Technical Environmental Guidelines VDC Village Development Committee VRP Village Resource Person WLS Wild Life Sanctuary

CHAPTER 1 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Madhya Pradesh (MP) is the second largest state of India in terms of geographical size. As recorded in the 2001 census, over 60 million people reside in the state, of which 16 million still live below the poverty line.1 The state has the third highest incidence of poverty and the lowest rate of poverty reduction among the major states of India. In terms of social indicators, the most recent National Human Development Report prepared by UNDP ranks MP very high on gender disparity (25th among 32 states).Madhya Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives Project II (MPDPIP II) is the second phase of the Madhya Pradesh District Poverty Initiatives Project (MPDPIP) initiated by Government of Madhya Pradesh in 2001 with assistance from World Bank. The MPDPIP covered over 2,900 villages spread over 14 districts (out of a total of 48 districts). It reached over 300,000 poor rural households organizing them into over 52,000 Common Interest Groups (CIGs), providing them with financial and technical assistance so as to improve their organizational capacity and maximize the utility of their productive assets. The MPDPIP II will scale-up the successful results from the MPDPIP. This is proposed to be done by adopting the methodologies and design features of the MPDPIP, including: a participatory wealth ranking process to identify the very poor in rural areas; the formation of groups at the neighbourhood level to take-up economic activities; and the federation of such groups and linking them to the private sector to reap the benefits of sustained markets. The MPDPIP II will be implemented through the Madhya Pradesh Society for Poverty Alleviation Initiatives (MPSPAI), a state-level autonomous society. 1.2 Overview of MPDPIP II 1.2.1 Project Area The MPDPIP II will be implemented in the 53 blocks of 14 districts where the MPDPIP (the first phase project) was implemented. The 14 districts are: Rajgarh, Raisen, Vidisha, Shajapur, Guna, Sagar, Damoh, Shivpuri, Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh, Panna, Narsinghpur, Rewa, and Sidhi. A saturation approach will be adopted in that the project will be implemented in all the villages (an estimated 10,232) of the 53 blocks in these 14 districts (including the 2,900 villages covered in the MPDPIP and excluding the villages covered under the Tejaswani Project). The total number of direct beneficiaries of the project is estimated to be approximately one million, belonging to 0.78 million Below Poverty Line (BPL) households from the 53 development Blocks. 1.2.2 Project Objectives The development objective for the proposed project would be to empower the rural poor by improving their capacities and opportunities for a sustainable livelihood. This will be achieved by enhanced participation by the rural poor in economic activities, skill enhancement for taking-up higher value employment, and increased income among project target households through assets and market linkages.

1 Some estimates show 44 %, while the state of nutritional poverty estimates show a still higher proportion. Poverty Index in National HDR ranked MP 23rd out of 32 states.

1 The key outcome indicators to assess achievement of the PDO will be the following: a. at least 30% of the targeted SHGs are active; b. at least 20% of trained jobseekers are linked to full time employment; and c. family income increased by at least 20% from the baseline. 1.2.3 Project Components The project will comprise the following four components: i) Social Empowerment and Institution Building; ii) Livelihoods Investment Support; iii) Employment Promotion Support; and iv) Project Implementation Support. The key features of each component are provided below: Component 1: Social Empowerment and Institution Building: The objective of this component is to empower the poor by helping to organize themselves into SHGs and federate into higher levels of institutions such as Village Development Committees (VDCs), cluster-level organizations and producer collectives. In addition, it will promote the development of the Poor’s capacity and skills based on the principles of self-help to enable them to initiate common livelihoods activities. The component will consist of the following two sub-components: (i) Support to Project Facilitation Teams (PFTs) and (ii) Community Mobilization and Institution Building. The project will support establishment and operations of the field based project facilitation unit called Project Facilitation Teams (PFTs). The PFTs will provide support to the initial social mobilisation and wealth ranking processes in the villages and subsequently intensive, hand-holding support to SHGs/VDCs throughout the process of the latter’s formation and capacity building. The project will eventually engage about 250 PFTs each comprising six specialists. One PFT will be in charge of about 40 villages and support all the SHGs in each village. It is estimated that the project will cover approximately 500,000 rural poor families through direct project support by forming them into SHGs in the selected project villages and receiving financial support in the form of seed grant for rural productivity investment. In addition, 350,000 families covered in the MPDPIP (first phase) will continue to be given capacity and institution building support so that they also become part of sustainable community organisations i.e., SHGs and Federation of SHGs. It is envisaged that in each village 5 – 10 SHGs (each SHG having 10-15 members) will be registered under the project and receive its support. A total of 60,000 SHGs federated into 10,000 Village Development Committees (VDCs) is proposed to be promoted. These will be further federated into a) 250 plus cluster level organizations, primarily to facilitate access to financial services including credit, insurance and remittances services; and b) 30 plus producer organisations that are activity based business entities. The cluster level organization will operate at a sub-district level (i.e., covering 30-40 villages) and the producer organization will operate at district-level. The project will also support training and part of operational cost of village level service providers who will provide assistance to SHGs and VDCs. Two types of community level experts are envisaged: Village Resource Persons (VRPs) and Para-workers. VRPs will primarily help SHGs in financial management, group building, etc. Para-workers are

2 village-level technicians whose skills and knowledge can be tapped by SHGs when they implement livelihood plans in different sectors. They would include Para-veterinarians, experienced farmers, and construction foremen. The Para-workers will provide services, on a fee, to SHG members when and as requested by them. Component 2: Livelihoods Investment Support: The objective of this component is to develop the capacity of SHGs to start livelihoods initiatives, and to strengthen their business operations through producer based federations, companies, and cooperatives. Mechanisms to identify and support innovative approaches to help the rural poor to organize themselves around livelihood based businesses will also be supported in this component. In addition, the component will facilitate and promote People-Private sector Partnerships (PPP) through facilitating linkages with commercial banks and the private business sector. This component has four sub-components: (i) Rural Productivity Development; (ii) Value Chain Development; (iii) Innovation Support Fund; and (iv) Public-Private Partnership Development. SHGs and VDCs will receive a seed grant when they reach a certain level of maturity. The use of this grant will be demand driven (i.e. decision on use will be made by the SHGs) and constitute an integral part of the overall SHG Livelihood Plan prepared by each SHG for their common livelihood. SHGs engaged in the common livelihoods activity will be supported to form a federation i.e., producer organization to leverage on economies of scale to access wider markets and make collective investments in value addition. The project will provide an initial grant in the form of working capital to each federation upon approval of its business plan. The project will also finance a) the initial expenses associated with the formulation and registration of the federations; and b) enable federations to acquire facilities, equipments and other assets required to operate the business by providing financial resources. The project will support innovative pilot activities that have potential for scaling-up and replication. Key activities that could be supported include the piloting of innovative approaches for building business based federations of the rural poor, new methods of linking up the poor to modern markets, organizing of forums and platforms that promote innovations and market linkages with new partnerships. The project will support activities and services that improve the quality of service provision by private, public sector, and civil society service providers. It will support technical assistance (technical expertise, market linkages, capacity building) for major livelihood activities such as agriculture and livestock/dairy through strategic public- private partnerships through contracted services with research organizations, private sector, and technically competent civil society organizations. Component 3: Employment Promotion Support: The objective of this component is to enable the project beneficiaries to capture new employment opportunities arising out of the overall growth of the Indian economy through the establishment of a structured mechanism for skill development and job creation. It will consist of the following three sub-components: (i) Employment Facilitation Centres (EFCs); (ii) Skill Training and Placement; and (iii) Placement Facilitation Services.

3 Component 4: Project Implementation Support: The component will facilitate various governance, implementation, coordination, learning and quality enhancement efforts in the project. It will consist of the following four sub- components: (i) Governance Management; (ii) Project Management; (iii) Monitoring and Evaluation; and (iv) Technical Assistance. 1.2.4 Institutional Arrangements of the Project The project’s institutional arrangements are designed to provide support at the community or village level, and at the level of blocks, districts and the State. The primary agency responsible for the project’s implementation is the Madhya Pradesh Society for Poverty Alleviation Initiatives (MP-SPAI). The project will operate in all the villages of existing 53 blocks of 14 districts of the project. State Level: The State Project Support Unit (SPSU), established within the Madhya Pradesh Society for Poverty Alleviation Initiatives (MP-SPAI), will have the overall responsibility for management and implementation of the project. The SPSU under the MP-SPAI would be operationally headed by the Project Coordinator who will be supported by a team of state-level specialists and managers for different functions (16 specialists). The specialists will be responsible for supporting and building up the project in key areas such as agriculture, youth for development, market linkages, environmental monitoring and sustainability, prioritizing gender and special disadvantaged groups. In addition, project management functions such as M&E, financial management, procurement management; human resource development and personnel, project administration, communications and other functions would have dedicated specialists responsible for these functions. District Level: In each project district, a District Project Support Unit (DPSU) will be responsible for the implementation of the project. The DPSU will be headed by District Project Manager (DPM), who will be assisted by a team of 10 project coordinators at full strength responsible for specific themes and functions such as social mobilization, agriculture, micro-finance, gender, and market linkages, as well as for fiduciary and M&E functions. Sub-District Level: At the sub-district level the primary institutional arrangement will be the Project Facilitation Teams (PFTs). There will be a total of about 250 PFTs created, each covering about 30-40 villages. A PFT would consist of six team members, each having a specialized function. One of the experts will act as Coordinator and take the overall management and coordination responsibility of the unit. The mandate of the PFTs will be to facilitate the whole project implementation process cycle at village and village- cluster levels, including village PRA, social mobilization, and formation of groups and federations. In addition the PFTs will assist the groups to establish linkages with banks for financing and market linkages for input supply and output marketing. Table 1 provides the composition of the proposed Project Implementation Structure.

4 Table 1: Composition of Project Management Units

State Project Support Unit District Project Support Project Facilitation (SPSU) Unit (DPSU) Team (PFT)

16 persons 10 persons 6 persons

Project Coordinator (1) District Project Manager PFT Coordinator (chosen among the experts) Core MP-DPIP II Staff (1) Technical Experts3 Administration Coordinator Monitoring and (4)* (1) Evaluations Coordinator Social Expert (1) (1) Monitoring and Evaluation Microfinance Expert (1) Coordinator (1) Livelihoods Investment Coordinator (1) Environment and Social Coordinator (1) Employment Program Coordinator (1) Finance Controller (1) Marketing and Business Procurement Coordinator (1) Development Coordinator Community Training (1) Coordinator (1) Agriculture Coordinator 2 Social Empowerment (1) Coordinator (1) Livestock Coordinator (1) Livelihoods Investment Microfinance Coordinator Coordinator (1) (1) Employment Program Finance Manager (1) Coordinator (1) MIS Coordinator (1) Communications Coordinator (1) Other Supporting Staff Agriculture Coordinator (1) Livestock Coordinator (1) Institutional Development Coordinator (1) Microfinance Coordinator (1) MIS Coordinator (1) *As per requirement (civil/agriculture/livestock or any other)

2 District Environment Coordinator (Additional Charge) 3 Key Environmental Person at PFT level (Civil Engineer-Additional Charge)

5 Service Providers: Although not part of the formal project management and organisation structure, the project will engage various organizations and individuals who will provide inputs in support of project implementation. Table 2 below lists key service providers and their main tasks: Table 2: Key Service Providers

Component Service Provider Tasks

Para-workers Support SHGs in technical fields 1 Village Resource Persons Support SHGs and VDC in (VRPs) bookkeeping and accounting

Help SHGs in the process of 2 Sector Support Organizations establishing a federation; support the federation at initial stages

Provide various support to job- EFC Facilitator (Ajeevika Mitra) seekers from project villages 3 Provide vocational training to Vocational Training Institutions selected job-seekers and assist their placement

1.2.5 Community Institutions The institutional arrangements to be built by the project at the community and village level are designed to enable the poor to form their membership organizations and subsequently federate themselves at higher levels for undertaking various functions in a self sustainable manner. The community institutions are as follows: Self Help Groups: SHGs are the village-level groups of the poor. The SHGs promoted by the project follow the standard SHG parameters of forming around some affinity and mutual trust basis, same gender (i.e. men or women), regular savings, and inter-loaning initially for small consumption needs. One SHG will have 10-20 members. These groups will be provided support in developing group norms, financial management capacity, and development of solidarity and access skills, credit and services from a variety of service providers. SHGs would be organized to work on a common livelihood activity. The livelihood activity is selected based on beneficiaries’ assessment of market opportunities, natural resources, and their own skills and aspirations. Village Development Committees: A VDC is a federation of SHGs within a village. Main tasks of VDC include: resource allocation; managing SHGs’ seed grants; assessing SHGs Livelihood Plans; facilitating SHG-Bank linkages with commercial banks; and monitoring the implementation of livelihoods plans. Cluster-level Organizations: This is a federation of 30 – 40 VDCs, typically formed at the level at which PFTs operate. The cluster organization is primarily responsible for

6 facilitating access to a broad range of financial services particularly credit, insurance, and remittances services. Producer Organizations: Where there emerges a natural clustering of SHGs around a single sectoral livelihood activity, a federation of such members would be formed into a producer organization (Producer Company/Cooperative Society) at the level of a natural economic cluster, so that benefits from aggregated linkage to the market can be achieved. Hence the catchments area of such producer organizations will be much larger than a single village. Individual SHGs and/or their members will be share holders of such producer organizations. Such producer organizations will essentially be community owned business entities who will undertake various activities such as bulk purchases of inputs and delivery to individual members, marketing of produce, grading and quality control and first level processing through value chain investments and linkage to markets. The federations will also provide a comprehensive package of economic and technical services to all SHG members in a particular livelihood activity. The benefits to individual members of such producer organizations will be both through sharing of profits and lower cost inputs and services due to aggregation. Some of these activities may be decentralized to the village level depending on the specific business needs and maturity of the institution building process. 1.2.6 Requirement of Environmental Management Framework (EMF) The development objective for the MPDPIP Phase II is to empower the rural poor by improving their capacities and opportunities for a sustainable livelihood. This will be achieved by enhanced participation by the rural poor in economic activities, skill enhancement for taking-up higher value employment, and increased income among project target households through assets and market linkages. In order to ensure that the environment is not compromised in the process of livelihood generation, and indeed to facilitate sustainability of livelihoods, an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) has been developed for the project. The framework approach has been adopted so that the environmental aspects can be addressed with clarity and simplicity for the vast range of livelihood activities that could be potentially proposed by the communities and supported by the MPDPIP II. 1.2.7 Scope of EMF The MPDPIP II comprises the following four components: i) Social Empowerment and Institution Building; ii) Livelihoods Investment Support; iii) Employment Promotion Support; and iv) Project Implementation Support. The EMF is closely linked to all the components, except for Employment Promotion Support. 1.2.8 Objective of the Environmental Management Framework • To mitigate any possible adverse environmental impacts of proposed Self Help Group (SHG) / Producer Organization (PO) activities. • To enhance any likely environmental benefits of SHG/PO activities • To promote environment-friendly livelihood activities for SHGs and POs

7 • To ensure that all the livelihood activities supported by the project meet all regulatory requirements (the laws and regulations of the Governments of MP and India as well as the Safeguard Policies of the World Bank). • To build the capacity of the community institutions as well as the MPDPIP II project functionaries to enable them implement the provisions of the EMF effectively. The orientation of the EMF is on enabling the community institutions (SHGs and POs) to utilize the existing and newly created support systems (for example, existing Government schemes that may be able to provide any subsidies, newly identified Para workers who can provide technical support, etc.) for ensuring environmental sustainability of their livelihoods. 1.2.9 Methodology The process of development of the EMF included the following key steps: 1.2.9.1 Strengthening internal capacity to develop the EMF: The EMF for MPDPIP II was developed in-house by the SPSU located in the MP-SPAI. A State Environment Coordinator (SEC) was appointed to manage the task. The SEC worked in consultation with two specially appointed senior advisors and with the MPDPIP II functionaries at the State and District levels. 1.2.9.2 Review of the lessons learnt in implementation of the EMF in MPDPIP (the first phase): The implementation of the EMF in the MPDPIP brought forth several lessons/issues that were recognized as important for the MPDPIP II. These lessons were captured in 2 external audits conducted during the implementation of the MPDPIP:

z A mid-term audit conducted 2004 by Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur

z A final audit conducted in 2007 by JP Associates, New Delhi The overall rating given for environmental management in MPDPIP I was ’satisfactory’. In addition, both the audits pointed out certain impacts/issues that need to be addressed. While these are site-specific and do not reflect the situation in the entire MPDPIP I project area, they are useful to build necessary safeguards for MPDPIP II. These observations/issues, which were reviewed for the development of the EMF for MPDPIP II are: Mid-term Audit:

z Changes in cropping practices: Introduction of new crops may replace some existing crops (for example Soya replaces wheat, rice and gram). This may lead to certain undesirable impacts. For instance, Soya crop does not leave any residual vegetation which can be used as animal feed (unlike the earlier crops of gram and wheat). Mono cropping may also lead to deterioration of soil productivity and increase susceptibility to pests. Thus multi/mixed cropping should be promoted.

z Loss of traditional water harvesting practices: Introduction of tube well irrigation

8 may replace traditional water harvesting practices such as Med Bandi. Technical support provided to SHG members must also focus on retaining relevant traditional practices.

z Loss of native crop varieties: Introduction of high yielding varieties of crops may result in replacement of native varieties. As the high yielding varieties differ in their demand for water, etc., technical support to avoid any long term environmental impacts is needed.

z Sustainability of water conservation initiatives: Large numbers of check dams/ stop dams/ anicuts have been constructed under the MPDPIP I and have yielded very good results. However series of such dams on a single stream may affect downstream flows and lead to disputes over water sharing. Hence, detailed technical assessment and consultation with downstream communities is necessary.

z Environmentally proactive initiatives: Sub-projects like whole village sanitation, stop dams with boulder check dams for reducing soil erosion, field bunding, plantation on barren land, bio-gas for entire locality etc. are some of the environment-friendly projects taken up under the MPDPIP I.

z Training: The environmental component in district level training programmes needs to be strengthened. Final Audit: • Water conservation: Sinking of tube-wells must be supported only in areas where ground water table is not at critically low levels. Renovation of old stop dams, check dams, etc., needs to be supported. Old dry wells can be converted into recharge pits. Roof top rain water harvesting need to be supported. • Livestock management: The project needs to focus on sound animal management (housing, ventilation, drainage of wastes, stall feeding). • Support for implementation of mitigation measures: In all the sub-projects, about 10-20% of the total cost should be set aside to fund the implementation of mitigation measures. • Environmentally Proactive Initiatives: Sub-projects like vermicomposting, NADEP composting, bio-gas, etc., which have been implemented in the project should be substantially scaled up. • Human Resources: The lack of an exclusive cell/individual focussing on the EMF at the state level has affected its implementation. There is a need to appoint senior staff exclusively to supervise the implementation of the EMF at the state level. • Training: To improve the capacity and capability of the project staff as well as the community institutions, special emphasis should be given for capacity building and training on environmental management aspects. In view of the above observations made, the EMF for MPDPIP II has incorporated the following features:

9 z Detailed Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) specifying impact and mitigation measures for various likely livelihood activities including agriculture, water resource management, and livestock management.

z Study on district-specific proactive environmental interventions that can be taken up in each of the project districts.

z Clear institutional arrangements for implementation of the EMF specifying roles and responsibilities at the state, district and block levels. A state level position has been created exclusively for attending to the implementation of the EMF.

z A detailed plan for capacity building of both project staff and community institution members. 1.2.9.3 Consultations with key stakeholders – internal and external to the MPDPIP: The development of EMF included field visits (to the districts of Shajapur and Raisen) and discussions with: • PFT members: In the MPDPIP (the first phase) the PFTs were the key unit responsible for implementation of environmental requirements. The discussion was focused on the capacity building needs of the PFT. • Producer Organizations (PO): Discussions were held with the CEO, Production Manager and Marketing Officers of POs focussing on the development of TEGs for crop POs. • World Bank Environmental Specialists. • Community members: Discussions with community members involved in MPDPIP for assessing their ability to integrate EMF in project cycle, and to identify the training needs. • Academic institutions and line departments: Discussions were held with the Indian Institute of Forest Management and the MP State Pollution Control Board for the development of TEGs relevant to forestry and on the regulatory requirements with respect to environmental protection/pollution control. 1.2.9.4 Collection and analysis of secondary data: The methodology involved collection of secondary published data from Government and other sources and analysis to identify implications for the EMF. 1.2.9.5 Development of the EMF including the TEGs: On the basis of the above mentioned processes, a comprehensive EMF was drafted for MPDPIP II building on the EMF already established and implemented for the MPDIP (first phase). 1.2.9.6 Consultation workshops on draft EMF document: A regional and a state level disclosure workshop were organized in Sagar on September 23, 2008 and in Bhopal on October 6, 2008. The workshops had participation from several stakeholders including community institution members from VDCs and POs, project staff, line department officials, NGO representatives, etc.

In both the workshops a detailed presentation was made on the environmental assessment and on the design of the EMF. The participants provided inputs and conveyed their support of the EMF which they found can positively influence the environmental sustainability of livelihood investments dependent on natural resources. Some of the concerns raised by participants on what the EMF should also address included:

z The contamination of groundwater through recharge pits collecting runoff from farmland;

z Interventions in forest villages located in protected areas;

z Emphasis be given to proactive environmental interventions that the MP-DPIP II project could facilitate such as activities on drought management and interventions (e.g., biogas or plantations) that can potentially attract carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism

z Revival of existing dug-wells and other water resource infrastructure, provision of sanitation facility to households, plantation of multi-use species and medicinal plants, environmental awareness programs for SHG members, etc. The participants also made suggestions on improving the EMF based on the experience in Phase I of the MPDPIP, specifically, the assessment tools have to be activity-specific and the assessment process should not be too time-consuming. 1.2.9.7 Finalization of the EMF: The EMF was suitably revised to address the issues raised in the disclosure workshops and this final document was prepared.

CHAPTER 2 2. 0 Review of Environmental Status The MPDPIP II is to be implemented in 53 blocks of 14 districts in the state of Madhya Pradesh. In view of the close linkages between poverty and environment, it is necessary to conduct a review of the environmental status in this project area in order to identify areas and issues that the Environmental Management Framework (EMF) needs to address. This chapter contains such a review highlighting implications for the EMF. 2.1 Overview of Environmental Conditions in Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is a land locked state located between latitude 21°06'N to 26°54'N and longitude 74°02' and 82°47' E. It is the second largest state in India with an area of 308,245 sq. km. The total population of the state is 6.03 crores (2001 census) of which 73.33% is rural and 26.66% is urban with population density of 196 persons per sq. km. There is a huge variety in terms of geology and ecology within the State, which makes it especially difficult to generalize about land and land uses. The State is traversed by a series of plateaus that are bisected by a series of low mountain ranges and river basins. 18.5% (57134 sq.km.)4 of the state is classified as wasteland. 76 percent of the state is in semi-arid and dry sub-humid agro-ecological sub-regions5. Only 30 percent of the net cropped area in the State is irrigated. The average fertilizer consumption is 56 kg/ha. The pesticide consumption is 749 MT annually. The annual rainfall in the state varies from 800 mm in the north-western parts to 1600 mm in the southern parts. Of the 313 blocks in the state, 47 are classified as having semi- critical or over-exploited status with respect to groundwater. The forest area of the state is 94689.38 sq. km. constituting about 30% of the geographical area of the state and about 12% of the forest area of the country. Per capita forest area is 0.16 ha as against the national average of 0.07 ha. The total livestock population of the state is 3.15 crores to which a large migrant population from neighbouring states of Rajasthan and Gujarat is added seasonally. 2.2 Overview of Project Area The MPDPIP II covers 14 districts of the state. It will reach 53 blocks and a total of 10,232 villages. Table 3: Project coverage area of DPIP II

Sl. District Blocks No. of No. Villages

1 Raisen Garitganj, Silwani 462

2 Vidisha Sironj, Lateri 484

3 Rajgarh Rajgarh, Biaora, Khilchipur, Zirapur 1228

4 Wasteland Atlas, National Remote Sensing Agency 5 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP)

4 Narsinghpur Narsinghpur, Chichli, Gotegaon 603

5 Sagar Deori, Kesli, Jaisinagar 536

6 Panna Panna, Pawai, Ajaygarh, Shahnagar 478

7 Shajapur Agar, Badod, Susner 388

8 Rewa Rewa, Raipurkarchuliyan, Sirmore, Naigarhi, 2127 Mauganj, Hanumana, Java

9 Damoh Tendukheda, Patera 410

10 Guna Bamori, Aron, Chachora, Raghogarh 1030

11 Chhatarpur Badamalhara, Bijawar, Rajnagar, Baxswaha, 381 Nogaon

12 Sidhi Sidhi, Rampurnekin, Kusmi, Chitrangi 619

13 Tikamgarh Tikamgarh, Baldevgarh, Jatara, Plera, 550 Prathvipur, Niwari

14 Shivpuri Shivpuri, Kolaras, Pichhore, Khniyadhana, 936 Pohari

Total 14 53 10232

Fig 1: The MPDPIP II Project Area Together, the 14 districts account for 34.07% of the geographical area of the state and 32.09 % of the population of the state, indicating that the project impact on the state is of significant proportion.

Based on soil characterization, rainfall, temperature and terrain, the state of Madhya Pradesh is divided into the following 11 agro-climatic zones: 1. Chhatisgarh Plains 6. Gird Region 2. Northern Hill Region of 7. Bundelkhand Chhatisgarh 8. Satpura Plateau 3. Kaimore Plateau Satpura Hills 9. Malwa Plateau 4. Vindhya Plateau 10. Nimar Plains 5. Central Narmada Valley 11. Jhabua Hills The following figure shows the location of the 11 zones and the MPDPIP II project districts on the map of Madhya Pradesh.

Fig 2: Agro-climatic regions of Madhya Pradesh As can be seen from the map and in the following table, the project districts cover 7 different agro-climatic zones.

S.No Agro-climatic Zone Districts 1 Northern Hill Region of Chhatisgarh Sidhi (partial) 2 Kaimore Plateau Satpura Hills Sidhi (partial), Rewa, Panna 3 Vindhya Plateau Sagar, Damoh, Vidisha, Raisen (partial), Guna (partial) 4 Central Narmada Valley Raisen (partial), Narsinghpur 5 Gird Region Guna (partial), Shivpuri (partial) 6 Bundelkhand Shivpuri (partial), Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur 7 Malwa Plateau Shajapur, Rajgarh

The key agro-climatic features of the project districts are presented in the following table Table 4: Agro-climatic features of districts in MPDPIP II.6789 Bio-climate Fertilizer Agro-climatic MPDPIP II Main cropping S. No. and Rainfall Soil type consumption zones Districts systems (mm/yr) (Kg/ha) Red & 1200 to 1600 Yellow Paddy, Maize, Northern Hill mm medium black-gram, 1 Region of Sidhi (partial) black Mango, Potato, -- Chhatisgarh Onion, Tomato, Garlic

Moist sub- Shallow, Sidhi humid Black with Wheat, paddy, Kaimore Plateau 2 (partial), Red Soil Maize, Mango, -- Satpura Hills Rewa, Panna 1100 to Onion, Tomato 1400mm Sagar, Dry Sub- Medium Wheat, Gram, Damoh, humid deep black, Lintel, Vidisha, Soybean, 3 Vindhya Plateau Gravelly 47 Raisen Guava, Papaya, (partial), 1000- Green-peas, Guna (partial) 1200mm Pigeon-pea Dry Sub- humid Deep black, Wheat, Gram, Raisen Central Narmada Sandy loam Lintel, Pigeon- 4 (partial), -- Valley pea, Tomato, Narsinghpur 1200 to 1600 mm Coriander

Alluvial, Wheat, Millet, Guna Loamy, Gram, Moist semi- (partial), Loam, Groundnut, 5 Gird Region arid, 800- 48 Shivpuri Loamy light Mustard, 1000 mm (partial) Sugarcane, all vegetables.

Dry sub- humid Mixed red Wheat, black- Shivpuri & black gram, (partial), Groundnut, 6 Bundelkhand 800 to 1400 (medium) 33 Tikamgarh, Papaya, mm Chhatarpur Tomato, Ginger

Wheat, Maize, Medium Gram, Soybean, Moist semi- black Shajapur, Mustard, 7 Malwa Plateau arid, 800- gravelly 73 Rajgarh Groundnut, 1000 mm Oranges, Banana, Guava, Papaya,

6 www.destinationmadhyapradesh.com 7 www.mpmandiboard.com 8 www.mpkrishi.org 9 Environment Analysis, report by SRIJAN, December 2007

Potato, Onion, Green-peas, Chillies, Ginger, Garlic, and Coriander As seen in the table, most of the project districts have sub-humid conditions with rainfall in excess of 1000 mm. There are also semi-arid zones where the rainfall is between 800 and 1000 mm. Most districts have a wheat based cropping system with pulses and soybean in addition to several horticultural crops. In most districts the fertilizer consumption is well below the state average of 56 kg/ha10. 2.3 Land Use 2.3.1 Overview of Land Use in the State As seen in the pie graph below, near 50% of the area of Madhya Pradesh is under cultivation. A little less than 30% is forest land. The rest is fallow land and waste land.

Figure 3: Land use classification of MP11 2.3.2 Overview of Land Use in the Project Area As the figure below shows, 6 of the project districts (Chhatarpur, Guna, Panna, Shivpuri, Sidhi, and Tikamgarh) have more than 10% of their area under fallow land and cultivable wasteland.

10 http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2005-06/chapt2006/chap815.pdf viewed on 13 November 2008. 11 http://mpkrishi.org/

Land Use in MPDPIP II Project Area 100 90 80 70 60 Land Excluding Fallow Land and Cultivable Wasteland 50 Not Available for Cultivation 40 Cultivable Waste Land Fallow Land 30 Forest 20 Net Sown Area 10 0 i r i r r r a r a a a h h h n h u a u u r r n u n h o w e d p g p p a a n i s r p u s i e i m a a h g g a v j S a j i d G R a a i t g S a P m a h R a n D V h i a R S h s k S i r h T a C N

Fig 4: Land use in MPDPIP II Project Area

Implications for EMF Wastelands are important livelihood resources – supporting fodder for livestock, meeting energy needs, etc. Improving management of these common property resources will contribute to sustaining their support to livelihoods. This is an area that the MPDPIP II could focus on.

2.4 Agriculture 2.4.1 Overview of Agriculture in the State Agriculture accounts for 36 per cent of the state’s income, and employs over 73 per cent of the workforce. About 49 percent of the State's area is cultivated (2004-05). The net irrigated area is 30 percent. . Agriculture intensity was 124 for the state as compared to 134 for India, and irrigation intensity was 131 compared to 167 nationally12. The share of food crops is 72 percent (2003). There is a shift away from cereals, especially jowar, to oilseeds, mainly soybean. Average yields of rice and wheat in Madhya Pradesh are considerably below the national average. Yield is lower even for soyabean of which the state is the largest producer. The net irrigated area in the state as a percentage of gross cropped area stands at 30%. The average fertilizer consumption in the state is 56 kg/ha which is well below the national average of about 96 kg/ha. The pesticide consumption in the state is quite low when compared to states like Punjab and Andhra Pradesh. Also, it is steadily decreasing (from 2606 MT in 1990-91 to 749 MT in 2004-05). About 2.81 lakhs ha in the state is under Integrated Pest Management. 2.4.2 Overview of Agriculture in the Project Area The agricultural scenario in the 14 districts of the project area varies significantly. While some districts (for example, Shajapur, Vidisha, Rajgarh) have nearly 70% of their

12 NABARD 2006

17 geographical area under cropping, others (for example, Sidhi and Panna) have just about 35%. The figure 5 below gives details of the net sown area in the project districts.

Percentage of Net Sown Area to Total Geographic Area 100

90 80

60 50

40 30

20 10

0 i i r r a r r r h a a n a h h h a r h u u u u r n n e d o w g a p i s p p p a u n s i e a r i g g m v a g S a d j j i G a a R n i a S t m i a a P h t R V D a s h R a S r k S h i a T C N

Fig 5: Percentage of net sown area to total geographic area In nearly all the project districts, the net irrigated area is higher than the state average of 30%. The following figure gives details.

Percentage of Net Irrigated Area to Net Sown Area 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 i i r r r r a h n h a r h a a h u r u a r u o e n u h n w d p a p g a p i s u p s n r e i i m g g a g a v S j a a j a G i d a n R t S i a i m a P t h R D s V a h a R r S k h S a i T C N

Fig 6: Percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area As seen in the figure 6, there is a wide variation in access to irrigation. While Tikamgarh has more than 70% of its cropped area under irrigation, Sidhi and Rewa barely touch 20%.

The data on soil fertility status shows that several of the project districts are classified as having poor status with respect to N and P. Table 5: District-Wise Soil Fertility Status13 Nutrients Fertility Districts

N Low Narsinghpur, Damoh, Chhatarpur

Medium Sagar, Tikamgarh, Panna High - P Low Rewa, Sidhi

Medium Shajapur High - K Low -

Medium - High Raisen, Rajgarh, Shivpuri, Guna The per hectare consumption of total fertilizer nutrients in the state is 56 kg (2004-05). The figure below shows that all the project districts have fertilizer consumption figures that are much lesser than this. Of concern is the fact that a few districts which have low fertility status (for example, Chhatarpur and Sidhi) also have low fertilizer use.

Fertilizer Consumption in MPDPIP II Districts (kg/ha) 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 r i r i r r a a r a a h h n h u u h u a r r n n h u o e w p p d p g a a s n i p u s r i e i m h a a g g v j a S a j d i G R a a i g t S a m P a h n R a D V i h a R S h s k S i r h T a C N

Fig 7: Fertilizer consumption in MPDPIP II Districts While data on pesticide consumption in the project area is not available, it is evident from the state level data that consumption of chemical pesticides is on the decline while Integrated Pest Management is gaining a foothold. Some of the project districts are specifically vulnerable to certain pests. These include Raisen (Gram Caterpillar on pulses, Girdle Beetle and Semilooper on Soyabean), Narsinghpur and Tikamgarh (Girdle Beetle and Semilooper on Soyabean in both districts)14.

13 www.mpkrishi.org 14 Source:- Directorate of Agriculture, M.P.

The data on crop productivity in the project districts shows that the districts with access to irrigation and fertilizers (for example, Narsinghpur) have also recorded the highest yields per hectare. Table 6: Crop productivity of major crops in MPDPIP II districts15

2004-2005 2004-2005 2004-2005 2004-2005

DPIP II Paddy Wheat Pulses Soybean Districts

Area Prod Yiel Area Prod Yiel Area Prod Yiel Area Prod Yield . d . d . d .

Chhatarpur 15.7 10.4 700 143.4 243.7 1771 195.2 142.5 730 22.8 12.3 539

Damoh 53.2 36.5 723 67.6 97.8 1507 211.5 151.6 717 44.9 42.7 952

Guna 0.8 0.7 919 78.8 103.2 1364 76.9 59.1 769 141.4 112.4 795

Narsinghpur 14.0 15.0 1122 59.2 168.9 2973 230.2 217.3 944 60.2 103.5 1720

Panna 62.8 24.9 417 71.9 76.7 1111 129.5 72.7 561 0.7 0.3 483

Raisen 5.9 3.6 646 178.7 279.3 1628 219.4 196.0 893 77.6 67.7 872

Rajgarh 1.0 0.6 674 65.3 102.6 1637 97.6 95.7 981 261.0 231.0 885

Rewa 141.6 89.5 666 167.6 181.1 1125 118.1 85.4 723 15.5 8.3 533

Sagar 9.5 5.4 600 163.8 173.1 1101 309.9 214.7 693 194.8 162.4 833

Shajapur 0.5 0.3 615 85.4 180.2 2199 116.6 99.6 854 319.0 262.5 823

Shivpuri 5.7 5.9 1085 121.5 216.5 1857 98.6 79.3 804 101.4 83.2 821

Sidhi 121.8 84.4 730 88.2 67.2 794 91.7 44.7 487 0.1 N 425

Tikamgarh 19.9 9.4 496 107.0 174.8 1702 127.2 71.1 559 30.7 26.6 866

Vidisha 0.7 0.4 633 214.5 335.2 1628 294.5 264.1 897 134.8 140.6 1043

AREA:-000’ HECTARE, PRODUCTION:-000’ TONNES, YIELD: - KG. /HECTARE

15 www.mpkrishi.org as viewed on 3-07-08

The figure below is based on the data presented in the table 6.

Yield of Major Crops (kg/ha) 7000 6500 6000 5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 Soyabean 3000 Paddy 2500 Pulses 2000 Wheat 1500 1000 500 0 i i r r r r a a n h a r a h h h r r u u a u n e h u n o w d a a p p g p i s s u p n e i i r g m g a h a v S a j j a d i a G R a g i t S a m a P h R n a D V a h i R S h k s S i r h T a C N

Fig 8: Yield of major crops As seen in the figure, Narsinghpur has the highest yield per ha for wheat and soyabean. Panna and Sidhi have the lowest yields for all four crops – wheat, paddy, pulses and soyabean. Implications for the EMF Producer Organizations dealing with production and sale of notified variety of seed must do so after obtaining necessary registration and certification, and be in compliance with the Seed Act. Producer Organizations dealing with sale of Fertilizer must do so after obtaining necessary authorization. The support provided through the MPDPIP II to SHG members for agriculture activities will need to include components such as soil testing, technical support for Integrated Nutrient Management and promotion of use of bio-fertilizers and organic manure. Producer Organizations dealing with purchase and sale on insecticide must do so after obtaining the necessary license. All measures for compliance with the Insecticides Act must be taken. The list of pesticides classified by the World Health Organization's ‘Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification’ as hazardous and falling in Classes IA, IB and II is provided as part of the Pest Management Plan (Annexure 11). Pesticides in these categories are to be avoided in all sub-projects.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) are already part of the activities of the Agriculture Department in the State. The MPDPIP II needs to coordinate with the Department of Agriculture and associated institutions such as Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVKs) to ensure that technical support is made available to SHGs and Producer Organizations for including IPM and INM in agriculture sub- projects. The IPM practices recommended by the Department of Agriculture however may include certain chemical pesticides belonging to Classes IA, IB and II as per WHO guidelines. The use of these must not be promoted through the MPDPIP II. 2.5 Water Resources 2.5.1 Overview of Water Resources in the State Rainfall varies from 800 mm in north-western parts to 1600 mm in southern parts. The State has five river basins – Ganga, Narmada, Tapti, Mahi and Godavri. Most watercourses remain dry from January to June. As a result, water availability depends critically on the extent of water storage or as ground water. The stage of ground water development in the state is 48%. Groundwater contributed 82 percent to irrigation growth during 1980-2003 – while the contribution of surface water irrigation was stagnant. Out of 313 blocks in the state, 47 are semi-critical to overexploited in terms of groundwater exploitation. With regard to water quality, 9 districts in the state are affected by high fluoride levels in groundwater while 11 districts are affected high levels of salinity. 2.5.2 Overview of Water Resources in the Project Area The annual average rainfall in the project area ranges from 800 mm to about 1250 mm (2004). As seen in the following figure, five districts (Shajapur, Narsinghpur, Sidhi, Tikamgarh and Shivpuri) have rainfall below 800 mm.

Annual Average Rainfall in Project Area (2004) 1300 1200 1100 1000

m 900 m 800 n i 700 l l

a 600 f n

i 500 a

R 400 300 200 100 0 i i r a a r a n h r a r r h h h a n r r u n e o u h u u w d i g u a a p n s p s p p e i i a m r g g a a S v h j j G a i d R a a i S g a a t P m h R D n h V a a i R S h k s S i r h T a C N

Fig 9: Annual average rainfall in project area

The ground water development in most of the project area is above the state average of 48%. As seen in the figure below, while only two districts – Shajapur and Rajgarh – cross the safe level of 70%, Shivpuri and Narsinghpur are quite close at 68% and 66% respectively. t

n e Groundwater Development in Project Area m

p 110 o l

e 100 v

e 90 D

r 80 e t

a 70

w 60 d n

u 50 o r 40 G

f 30 o

e 20 g a

t 10 n

e 0 c r i r i r r r a h n h h a a a r r u r h u a u e o e n n h u w d a p p a g p i s u n s r p e i m P g i h g a a j a S j a v a a G d i g t R a i S a m P h n R a D i h V a R h S s k S r i h a T C N Fig 10: ground water development in project area Only one project district – Shajapur – has blocks with semi-critical, critical or overexploited groundwater status. The rest of the blocks are classified as safe with exploitation below 70%. Table 7: Ground water development in Shajapur District

Blocks in Shajapur District % of groundwater development

Semi-critical Sehore 74.32 blocks Astha 74.87

Critical blocks Barod 93.33

Over-exploited Kalapipal 109.48 blocks Mohan Barodiya 128.87

Nalkhedi 104.3

Sujalpur 144.46

Susner 133.09

In terms of water quality, the ground water in two of the project districts – Guna and Vidisha – has high fluoride levels. High levels of salinity are found in the ground water in the project districts of Shajapur and Guna.

Implications for EMF Systematic support to encourage water conservation practices needs to be part of the MPDPIP II strategy for all agriculture sub-projects. This needs to be a high priority in districts with low rainfall and in those with high levels of groundwater exploitation. No Tube well / Dug well (except for public drinking purpose) must be installed in areas classified as Critical / Over Exploited Zone without the approval of the District Collector and without adequate measures for water conservation being planned. Water quality testing must be mandatory for all sub-projects involving drinking water supply. In areas with water quality problems, special safeguards are required to ensure that human health is not adversely affected due to the sub-project activities and adequate mitigation measures are in place.

2.6 Forest Resources 2.6.1 Overview of Forest Resources in the State Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Just less than 30% of the state is forest area. Of this, 65.36% is reserve forest, 32.84% if protected forest and 1.7% is unclassified forest. Of the total 52,739 villages in the state, 22,600 villages are located in or near forest areas i.e. about 40% of the total villages. In most of these villages there is dependency on forests, for livelihoods. The forests of Madhya Pradesh have many important non-wood forest products. These include Tendu leaves or Bidi leaves (Diospyros melanoxylon), Sal Seed (Shorea robusta), Chebulic myrobolan or Harra (Terminalia chebula), Gum, Chironji (Buchanania lanzan), flower and seeds of Mahua (Madhuca indica) and flowers, seeds, bark and roots of various plant species. Tendu leaves, Sal seed and Kullu Gum are nationalized forest products whereas the other NWFP are non-nationalized (they can be collected and traded freely).

Figure 11: Area wise forest classifications in MP16

Figure 12: Forest cover in Madhya Pradesh17 Joint forest management (JFM) is being implemented in the state. The involvement of the community is facilitated through various committees. There are Forest Protection Committees (FPC) for protection of well-stocked forests, Village Forest Committees (VFC) for rehabilitating the degraded forest areas and Eco-development Committees (EDC) in and around Protected Areas with a view to ensure biodiversity conservation in National Parks and Sanctuaries. So far 14,073 JFM Committees have been constituted, of which 9,035 are VFCs, 4,201 are FPCs and 785 are EDCs. A total of about 60,000 sq. km of forest area is under JFM, which is about 63% of the total forest area of the State. The state has 9 National Parks and 25 Wildlife Sanctuaries.

16 http://www.forest.mp.gov.in/forest.html

17 http://www.forest.mp.gov.in

2.6.2 Overview of Forest Resources in the Project Area The 14 districts of MPDPIP II together account for 33% of the state’s forests. They include 23% of the Very Dense forests, 32% of the Moderately Dense forests and 35% of Open Forests. The following figure shows the percentage of geographical area under forests in the 14 project districts.

Percentage of Area Under Forest in Districts of MPDPIP II 40 37.5 35 32.5 30 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 15 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 i r r i r r a r h a a a h n h h u u a u r r n u o h n e d w p p g a p i a s n s r p u i i e a m a h g g S j v a a j i d a G t a i R g S a a P m h R a n D V h i a R S h s k S r i h a T C N

Fig 13: Percentage of area under forest in districts of MPDPIP II As can be seen, six of the project districts have more than 25% of their geographical area under forests. However, as table 8 below shows in half the project districts there is a negative change in forest area indicating growing pressure on forests. These districts are Damoh, Guna, Rajgarh, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Sidhi and Tikamgarh. Table 8: District-wise Forest Cover in Madhya Pradesh

Forest Cover (in km. sq.) Area (in Percent of District Change sq. km.) Very Moderately Open Total total area Dense Dense Forest Forest

Chhatarpur 8,687 41 803 862 1,706 19.6 12

Damoh 7,306 6 903 1,769 2,678 36.7 -48

Guna 11,064 28 712 1,352 2,092 18.9 -121

Narsinghpur 5,133 74 517 783 1,374 26.8 62

Panna 7,135 64 1,595 1,069 2,728 38.2 6

Raisen 8,466 79 1,569 1,084 2,732 32.3 36

Rajgarh 6,153 0 23 156 179 2.91 -89

Rewa 6,314 10 224 474 708 11.2 65

Sagar 10,252 2 1,772 1,198 2,922 28.5 105

Shajapur 6,195 0 0 123 123 1.99 -27

Shivpuri 10,277 55 1,139 1,285 2,479 24.1 -67

Sidhi 10,526 529 2,104 1,380 4,013 38.1 -81

Tikamgarh 5,048 0 101 224 325 6.44 -29

Vidisha 7,371 32 495 375 902 12.2 24

Total for 109,927 920 11957 12134 24961 Project Area

Total for 308,245 4,000 37,843 34,586 76,429 25 -836 State

Project Area as % of state 36 23 32 35 33 total

Source: Forest Survey of India. State of Forest Report 2003. Dehradun, FSI, 2005 The 14 districts together account for nearly a third of the Joint Forest Management committees in the state. Of these, 274 committees are eco-development committees formed in villages located within or near protected areas. The table 9 gives details of the JFM committees in the project districts.

Table 9: District-wise details of the Joint Forest Management Committees18

S.No. District VFC FPC EDC Total

1 Rewa 163 0 0 163

2 Sidhi 411 147 67 625

3 Raisen 153 198 66 417

4 Rajgarh 43 0 7 50

5 Vidisha 241 9 0 250

6 Chhatarpur 220 92 0 312

7 Panna 148 105 26 279

8 Tikamgarh 139 12 2 153

9 Shajapur 33 0 0 33

10 Shivpuri 311 18 0 329

11 Guna 584 0 0 584

12 Narsinghpur 141 51 9 201

13 Sagar 333 233 97 663

14 Damoh 347 0 0 347

Project Area Total 3267 865 274 4406

State Total 9035 4201 785 14073

Project Area as % of State 36 20 35 31

18 http://www.forest.mp.gov.in/jointforestmanagement.html

The project area has 3 National Parks and 13 Wildlife Sanctuaries. The following table 10 gives details of these protected areas. As seen in the table, the protected areas in the project districts are home to highly endangered and protected species such as the Tiger, the Great Indian Bustard, etc. Table 10: Protected Areas in the Districts of MPDPIP II19

Name of National Park (NP)/ Year of Area District/ Key Fauna Wildlife Estd. (km2) Location Sanctuary (WLS)

Madhav NP 1959 375.22 Shivpuri Tiger, Leopard, Chital, Sambhar, Blue bull, Chinkara, Chousingha, Wild boar, etc.

Panna NP 1981 542.67 Panna, Tiger, Panther, Blue bull, Chhatarpur Sambhar, Chinkara, Spotted deer, Bear, Wild dog, Wolf, Jackal, Monkey, Crocodiles, several species of Birds, etc.

Sanjay NP 1981 466.88 Sidhi Tiger, Panther, Sambhar, Blue Bull, Chousingha, Cheetal, Gour, Bear, several Bird species

Bagdara WLS 1978 478 Sidhi Tiger, Panther, Chinkara, Cheetal, Sambhar, Wild Boar, Black Buck, etc. and several Bird species

Karera WLS 1981 202.21 Shivpuri The Great Indian Bustard and several species of Birds, Chital, Blackbuck

Ken Gharial 1981 45.2 Panna, Alligator, Chinkara, Chital, WLS Chhatarpur Wild boar Blue bull, etc.

Kheoni WLS 1982 122.7 Sehore Cheetal, Sambhar, Blue bull, Four horned antelope, Wild Boar, Barking Deer, Wolf etc.

19 http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/pa_database/mp.html , http://www.forest.mp.gov.in/wildlife.html

Narsinghgarh 1978 59.19 Raigarh Chital, Sambhar, BlueBull, WLS Leopard, Wild Boar, Bhedki, Crocodile and Birds of various kinds

Noradehi WLS 1984 1,194.67 Damoh, Sagar, Tiger, Leopard, Wolf, Wild Narsinghpur dog, Fox, Blue bull, Crocodile, Sambhar, Chital, Chinkara, Bear, etc.

Orcha WLS 1994 44.91 Tikamgarh Spotted deer, Blue bull, Wild pig, Jackal several species of Birds, etc.

Panna 1979 68.14 Panna (Gangau) WLS

Ratapani WLS 1978 823.84 Raisen Tiger, Leopard, Cheetal, Sambhar ,Wild Boar, Bear, Blue Bull, Wild Dog, etc. and Birds of various kinds

Sanjay Dubri 1975 364.59 Sidhi Tiger, Panther, Sambhar, WLS Cheetal, BlueBull, Barking Deer, Chinkara, Wild Dog, Bear, Wolf, Jackal, Wild Boar, etc. and several species of Birds

Singhori WLS 1976 287.91 Raisen Tiger, Leopard, Sambhar, Chital, Wild Boar, various species of Birds

Son Gharial 1981 41.8 Sidhi Alligators, Crocodiles, WLS Tortoises several Bird species

Veerangna 1997 23.97 Damoh Tiger, Panther, Spotted deer, Durgawati Sambhar, Chousingha, Wild WLS boar, Blue bull, Barking deer, several species of Birds, etc.

The 3 National Parks in the project area – Panna, Madhav and Sanjay have forest villages located within the protected area limits. There are 16 revenue villages in the Panna National Park, 15 revenue villages in the Madhav National Park and 18 in the Sanjay

National Park20. There are also several villages located in the periphery of these protected areas. For example, there are 46 revenue villages located within a radius of 5 km of the Panna Tiger Reserve21. Implications for the EMF In view of the fact that several of the districts have a negative change in forest area, the EMF must ensure that the sub-project activities do not contribute to this degradation. Sub-project activities must be assessed for impact on forests and on wildlife. This particularly relates to activities involving any construction of structures in notified forest areas, use of forest areas for grazing cattle, etc. Sub-projects involving extraction of non-timber forest produce must focus on sustainable extraction. Capacity building for skill up-gradation in sustainable extraction, regeneration, grading, etc., must form part of the project support. All sub-projects must go through the requisite clearances from the Forest Department before implementation. The project, through its community level institutions such as the SHGs and VDCs, must build linkages with existing JFM committees for support in implementation of the EMF. People-park conflicts regarding access to fodder resources, over-extraction of fuelwood and non-timber forest produce, etc., are likely issues in the villages located within and around the Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in the MPDPIP II area. The EMF needs to include measures to safeguard the natural habitats and to promote sustainable resource use. The EMF also needs to include ’proactive environmental interventions’ that will be demand-driven and will contribute to forest and wildlife conservation. It is possible that in the districts where declining forest is a concern, it is likely that the some of the activities that will emerge will be sustainable NTFP enterprises, fuelwood plantations, eco-tourism, etc., that will contribute to enhancing forest-based livelihoods as well as forest conservation.

20 Forest Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh 21 Project Tiger, Government of India

CHAPTER 3

3. 0 Legal and Regulatory Framework Relevant to MPDPIP II It is important that the Livelihood Plans of the Self Help Groups, the Business Plans of the Producer Organizations (POs) and the sub-project activities that they include are in tune with the laws and regulations of the country and the state. The existing laws and regulations concerning environmental protection guide the implementation of all sub-projects. Compliance rather than being restrictive provides an opportunity to align the investments with sound and sustainable management of resources. It is important that the EMF remain responsive to the changing legal framework. To ensure this, the EMF has to integrate mechanisms for constant monitoring and revision of this component. This section presents a brief listing of the various Acts, Rules and Regulations of the Government of India, the Government of Madhya Pradesh as well as the safe guard policies of the World Bank. The alignment of the proposed MPDPIP II interventions with respect to these is examined. Acts, Rules and Regulations of the Governments of India and Madhya Pradesh relevant to the MPDPIP II A Environment 1 Environment (Protection) Act 1986 2 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 B Water & Air 1 Water (Prevention and Control) Act, 1974 2 Air (Prevention and Control) Act, 1981 3 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Madhya Pradesh Rules, 1975 C Forests and Wildlife 1 Indian Forest Act, 1927 2 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 3 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 4 Madhya Pradesh Lok Vaniki Adhniyam 2001 D Agriculture

1 The Insecticide Act, 1968 and the Insecticide Rules, 1971

2 The Seeds Act, 1966 and The Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1972 (No. 55 of 1972).

3 Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act (ECA), 1955

A. Environment A (1) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Under this act, the central government has responsibility for deciding standards, restricting industrial sites, laying down procedures and safeguards for accident prevention and handling of hazardous waste, oversight of investigations and research on pollution issues, establishment of laboratories, etc. It sets standards on pollutants in specific industrial sectors, provides guidelines for location of industries and mining areas, for permitting and restricting industries in environmentally sensitive areas, coastal zone regulations and environmental impact assessment of development projects. The act stipulates that public hearings are a pre-requisite for project clearance. It also delineates a system where a manufactured product can receive certification as environmentally friendly or compatible. Implications for the EMF This is an umbrella act which empowers the concerned authority to prescribe standards for the discharge of gaseous and liquid effluents. The MPDPIP II would seldom involve activities that involve discharge of liquid/gaseous effluents into the surrounding environment. However, the prescribed standards will be applicable for activities like brick kilns, bulk milk cooling/processing units, etc. A (2) Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 This notification by Government of India makes Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) statutory for specified category of industrial activities and developmental projects (39 identified activities listed in 8 categories of A and B, large site-specific projects like mining, thermal power stations, major irrigation projects etc.) and for all development projects located in areas notified as ecologically sensitive/fragile areas. Implications for the EMF The specified industrial activities and large site-specific projects will not be part of MPDPIP II. Hence the EIA notification does not apply. There is a likelihood of sub- project activities involving ecologically sensitive/fragile areas such as Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks. In such cases, compliance with the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 will be ensured (as discussed below under the relevant Act). B. Water & Air B (1). Water (Prevention and Control) Act, 1974 The act deals with prevention and control of water pollution in India. It aims to set water and effluent quality standards, to monitor water quality and to prosecute offenders. The main provisions of the act include: prohibition on use of stream or well for disposal of pollutants, refusal or withdrawal of consent of operation of industry, etc. Implications for the EMF This Act is partially applicable since there are some activities such as bulk milk processing centres operated by Producer Organizations proposed under MPDPIP II which may pose threat to adjacent water bodies through discharge of wastes. The EMF will

33 include provisions to ensure that consent for establishment and operation are taken as required and appropriate cost-effective wastewater treatment systems are installed. B (2). The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, amended in 1987 The act deals with prevention and control of air pollution in India which aims to set air quality standards, monitor air quality in industry and other places and take appropriate actions to regulate it and to prosecute the offenders under the provisions of the act. The main provision of the act include: declaration of air pollution control areas, instructions for ensuring standards for emission from Automobiles, restriction on certain industrials plants, etc. Implications for the EMF There is no significant air pollution threat from the sub-project activities proposed under MPDPIP II. The nature and scale of the activities being proposed will not involve air pollution. The EMF will include provisions for taking suitable mitigation measures if such issues crop up. B (3) Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Madhya Pradesh Rules, 1975 The rule states any person who is discharging sewage or trade effluent in to stream or well or sewer or on land shall apply in the form appended to these rules to the Member Secretary, Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board.

Implications for the EMF There is no significant water pollution threat from the livelihood activities proposed under MPDPIP II. however if the bulk milk cooling centres or other activities falls under this rule in future, they will have to take consent from the concerned pollution control board.

C. Forests and Wildlife C (1) The Indian Forest Act, 1927 This Act deals with four categories of forests, namely, reserved forests, village forests, protected forests, and non-government (private) forests. Any unauthorized felling of trees, quarrying, grazing and hunting in reserved forests is punishable with a fine or imprisonment. C (2) Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 This Act prohibits the deletion of a reserved forest, or the diversion of forestland for any ‘non-forest’ purpose, and prevents the cutting of trees in a forest without the prior approval of the Central Government. Implications for the EMF The MPDPIP II is unlikely to involve diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes. However, while supporting activities that involve extraction of forest resources – for example, grazing, non-timber forest produce (NTFP), fuel wood, etc., it is necessary to ensure that all required permissions are taken from the Forest Department and that the

34 extraction is sustainable. In case an activity requires any construction inside a designated forest area, the required permissions will be taken through the Forest Department. C (3) The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 A. Sanctuaries The State Government may, by notification, declare any area as a sanctuary if it considers that such area is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geo-morphological, natural or zoological significance, for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wildlife or its environment. The District Collector determines the rights of any person on the land within the limits of the sanctuary. After the issue of such a notification, no right shall be acquired in, or over the land comprised within the area except by succession, testamentary or intestate. The provisions of the Act include: No person shall destroy, exploit or remove any wildlife from a sanctuary or destroy or damage the habitat of any wild animal or deprive any wild animal of its habitat within such sanctuary except under and in accordance with a permit granted by the Chief Wild Life Warden and no such permit shall be granted unless the State Government, being satisfied that such destruction, exploitation or removal of wildlife from the sanctuary is necessary for the improvement and better management of wildlife therein, authorizes the issue of such permit. No person shall set fire to a sanctuary, or kindle any fire or leave any fire or leave any fire burning in a sanctuary, in such manner as to endanger such sanctuary. No person shall use in a sanctuary, chemicals, explosives, or any other substances which may cause injury to, or endanger, any wildlife in such sanctuary. The Chief Wild Life Warden may regulate, control or prohibit, in keeping with the interests of wildlife, the grazing or movement of livestock. The Chief Wild Life Warden shall take such measures in such manner, as may be prescribed, for immunization against communicable diseases of the livestock kept in or within five kilometres of a sanctuary. No person shall take, or cause to be taken or grazed, any livestock in a sanctuary without getting it immunized. B. National Parks The State Government may, by notification, declare an area as a National Park by reason of its ecological, faunal, floral, geo-morphological or zoological association of importance, for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life therein or its environment. No person may hold any right to land in a National Park. After the issue of such a notification, no right shall be acquired in, or over the land comprised within the area except by succession, testamentary or intestate. No person shall destroy, exploit or remove any wildlife from a National Park or destroy or damage the habitat of any wild animal or deprive any wild animal of its habitat within such National Park except under and in accordance with a permit granted by the Chief Wild Life Warden and no such permit shall be granted unless the State Government, being satisfied that such destruction, exploitation or removal of wildlife from the National Park is necessary for the improvement and better management of wildlife therein, authorizes the issue of such permit.

Implications for the EMF The MPDPIP II project area has 3 National Parks and 13 Wildlife Sanctuaries. All sub- projects in these areas must go through the requisite clearances from the Forest Department before implementation. Any activities that involve destruction/ exploitation of wildlife will not be supported by the MPDPIP II. The forest-related activities likely to be supported under the MPDPIP II will include small-scale enterprises such as non-timber forest produce collection, eco-tourism, etc. These are not likely to include significant infrastructure creation that will have an impact on the natural habitat and wildlife. However, the support provided through the MPDPIP II to all forest and forest-produce related activities will include technical support on sustainable harvesting and ecologically sound management to minimize any possible negative impact. C (4) Lok Vaniki Act 2001 This act is to give a boost to scientific management of privately owned ’forests’ and other ’tree clad areas’ in the state. The Act provides an opportunity to the willing landholders to take up management of their tree-clad holdings for optimizing economic returns to themselves and simultaneously ensuring environmental benefits to the society. The Act is voluntary in it’s’ application. D Agriculture D (1) The Insecticide Act, 1968 and the Insecticide Rules, 1971 A license is required for the sale, stock or exhibition for sale or distribution of any insecticide. The use of certain insecticides are prohibited or restricted under this Act (Annexure 10). Any person found manufacturing, stocking or selling misbranded insecticides is liable to be punished with imprisonment or fine. D (2) Seed Act The Seeds Act, 1966 (Act No.54 of 1966) and The Seeds (Amendment) Act, 1972 (No. 55 of 1972) provides for regulating the quality of certain seeds for sale, and for matters connected therewith. D (3) Fertilizer Control Order The Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) was promulgated by the Central Government under section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act (ECA), 1955 to regulate the trade, price, quality and distribution of Fertilizers in the Country. Implications for the EMF The above acts are relevant in the context of Crop Producer Organizations supported under the MPDPIP II. Compliance with the following requirements has to be ensured through the EMF: License to sell, stock, exhibit and distribute pesticides needs to be taken from the concerned authority (eg. Dy. Director, Agriculture). If pesticides are to be sold or stocked at more than one place, separate licences are required for every such place. The licence

needs to be displayed in a prominent part of the premises that is open to public. Pesticides without ISI Mark Certification must not be sold. No insecticide must be sold unless it is: properly packed, properly labelled (including name of active ingredient, expiry date, toxicity level, etc.) and the package include an information leaflet (including safety guidelines). For sale of the insecticide Sulphur and its formulations, maintain a separate register showing names and addresses of all the persons to whom it has been sold or distributed in the same building where any articles consumable by human beings or animals are manufactured, stored or exposed for sale. Expired stocks need to be disposed in an environment friendly manner taking advise from the Pollution Control Board. License to sell fertilizers needs to be taken from the concerned authority Fertilizers without ISI Mark Certification must not be sold. License from M.P. State Seed Certification Agency must be obtained for seed production. Non certified seed must not be sold. The seeds being sold must conform to the minimum limits of germination and purity. E. Safeguard Policies of the World Bank Table 11 : Safeguard policies of the world bank The Bank requires environmental Environmental Triggered assessment (EA) of projects Assessment proposed for Bank financing to (OP 4.01) ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. Natural The Bank does not support Triggered Habitats (OP projects that, in the Bank’s 4.04) The following districts of opinion, involve the significant MPDPIP II – Panna, Chhatarpur, conversion or degradation of Sidhi, Rajgarh, Damoh, Sagar, critical natural habitats. Narsinghpur, Tikamgarh, and Raisen include National Parks / Wild Life Sanctuaries that may be considered natural habitats. All sub-projects involving the protected areas will take requisite permissions from the Forest Department. Any specific localized risks (e.g. from changing grazing patterns) will be identified through the assessment procedures (required for all sub-projects supported by the MPDPIP II), and avoided/mitigated through better management practices, capacity

building and monitoring. Pest In Bank-financed agriculture Triggered Management operations, pest populations are Agriculture related interventions (OP 4.09) normally controlled through supported through Producer integrated pest management Organizations may involve input approaches, such as biological support for pesticides. control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. The Bank does not finance formulated products that fall in WHO classes IA and IB, or formulations of products in Class II, if (a) the country lacks restrictions on their distribution and use; or (b) they are likely to be used by, or be accessible to, lay personnel, farmers, or others without training, equipment, and facilities to handle, store, and apply these products properly. The Bank does not finance projects Cultural Not Triggered Property (OP that will significantly damage non- replicable cultural property, and The project activities are not 4.11) will assist only those projects that likely to involve any construction are sited or designed so as to or excavation at culturally prevent such damage. The project significant sites. areas do not involve sites having archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, and unique natural values. The objective at the centre of this Indigenous Triggered Peoples (OD directive is to ensure that The Project has potential to affect 4.20) indigenous peoples do not suffer adverse effects during the indigenous peoples. A Tribal development process, particularly Development Strategy has been from Bank-financed projects, and separately prepared under social that they receive culturally assessment. compatible social and economic benefits. For an investment project that affects indigenous peoples, the borrower should prepare an indigenous peoples development

plan that is consistent with the Bank’s policy. Any project that affects indigenous peoples is expected to include components or provisions that incorporate such a plan. The objective of the Bank’s Involuntary Not Triggered resettlement policy is to ensure Resettlement that the population displaced by a The project is not likely to cause (OD 4.30) project receives benefits from it. any displacement. There is no likelihood of any displacement happening as part of the project activities Forests (OP The Bank does not finance projects Triggered 4.36) that would involve significant The sub-project activities in the conversion or degradation of MPDPIP II will not involve critical forest areas or related significant conversion or critical natural habitats. degradation of critical forest areas The Bank may finance harvesting or related critical natural habitats. operations conducted by small- The project may support scale landholders, by local sustainable harvesting of NTFP communities under community by Self Help Groups. forest management. All sub-projects involving the notified forest areas will take requisite permissions from the Forest Department. In case of activities which use forest resources like NTFP collection, grazing, etc., sustainable use would be build into the activity plan and implementation monitored. Construction of any dams may not Safety of Dams Not Triggered (OP 4.37) be part of the project. Small dams are normally less than 15 meters in The safeguard on dam safety is height. This category includes not triggered since the project farm ponds, local silt retention does not involve the construction dams, and low embankment tanks. or rehabilitation of any large dams For small dams, generic dam (i.e. over 15 m). There may be safety measures designed by some works relating to small qualified engineers are adequate. structures - WHS, Irrigation tanks, Fisheries ponds etc. with a maximum of 6 m in height. Project personnel who are fully qualified to design and oversee

the construction will supervise all such works.

CHAPTER 4

4.0 Environmental Management Framework (EMF) 4.1 Requirement of EMF The key development objective for the MPDPIP Phase II is to empower the rural poor by improving their capacities and opportunities for a sustainable livelihood. This will be achieved by enhanced participation by the rural poor in economic activities, skill enhancement for taking-up higher value employment, and increased income among project target households through assets and market linkages. In order to ensure that the environment is not compromised in the process of livelihood generation, and indeed to facilitate sustainability of livelihoods, an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) has been developed for the project. The framework approach has been adopted so that the environmental aspects can be addressed with clarity and simplicity for the vast range of Livelihood activities that could be potentially proposed by the communities and supported by the MPDPIP II. 4.2 Scope of EMF The MPDPIP II comprises the following four components: i) Social Empowerment and Institution Building; ii) Livelihoods Investment Support; iii) Employment Promotion Support; and iv) Project Implementation Support. The EMF is closely linked to all the components, except for Employment Promotion Support. 4.3 Objectives of the EMF • To mitigate any possible adverse environmental impacts of proposed Self Help Group (SHG) / Producer Organization (PO) activities. • To enhance any likely environmental benefits of SHG/PO activities. • To promote environment-friendly livelihood activities for SHGs and POs. • To ensure that all the livelihood activities supported by the project meet all regulatory requirements (the laws and regulations of the Governments of MP and India as well as the Safeguard Policies of the World Bank). • To build the capacity of the community institutions as well as the MPDPIP II project functionaries to enable them implement the provisions of the EMF effectively. 4.4 Components of EMF The specific components of the EMF are as follows: z Environmental appraisal z Screening z Environmental assessment z Supervision, Monitoring and Audit z Internal environmental supervision z Monitoring of external environmental conditions

z Environmental audit z Institutional Arrangements z Capacity building 4.4.1 Environmental Appraisal Environmental appraisal is viewed as an integral part of the appraisal process of both the Self Help Group (SHG) Livelihood Plans and the Producer Organization (PO) Business Plans. Environmental appraisal consists of two steps: Screening, and Environmental Assessment. 4.4.1.1 Screening All SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans first go through a Screening process. The screening involves (a) checking that the activity is permissible (as per the legal and regulatory requirements of the project) and, (b) determining the level of environmental assessment that the SHG Livelihood Plan or PO Business Plan requires based on the level of expected impacts. The EMF provides the following tools for Screening and assessment: Screening Tool: Consisting of two sections: Section A – it shall be treated as the screening tool for the livelihood activities supposed to be taken up by SHGs, Federations and Producer organizations [see TEG Section A, Annexure 1]. This section lists activities that are not permissible (for example, certain activities are not permissible unless requisite permissions/approvals are taken). Section B – Decision Tool for Level of Environmental Assessment [see TEG Section B Annexure 2]: This tool gives a pre-classified list 65 potential activities that may be taken up by the SHGs/ POs. The activities are classified according to the level of assessment (Low – basic, Medium – detailed or High– very detailed) they require. The tool also gives the criteria for the classification. SHG Livelihood Plans would be classified as either Low category (basic environmental assessment required) or Medium category (detailed environmental assessment required). It is expected that most SHG Livelihood Plans would be in the Low category. PO Business Plans would be classified as either Medium category (detailed environmental assessment required) or High category (very detailed environmental assessment by an external technical agency required). It is expected that most PO Business Plans would be in the Medium category. The Executive Committee of the Village Development Community (VDC) conducts the environmental screening of SHG Livelihood Plans with facilitation support from the Project Facilitation Team (PFT) and in consultation with the SHG. In most of the cases the SHG Livelihood Plan will be for a single livelihood activity. The District Environment Coordinator (additional charge to Agriculture Coordinator) of the District Project Support Unit conducts the environmental screening of PO Business Plans in consultation with the PO's Board of Directors and relevant staff. As each PO

Business Plan will have multiple activities, each of the activities will have to be individually screened. 4.4.1.2 Assessment The process of assessment (which follows screening) involves: • Referring to the detailed activity-specific Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs)22 provided for selected SHG Livelihood Plan and PO Business Plan (see annexure 3 for the TEGs). For all other activities for which detailed TEG are not available, Generic TEG (See Annexure 4) will be used for the assessment. • Discussing with the SHG members / PO representatives the possible issues and the options for mitigation. • Identify the specific mitigation measures that will be implemented by each SHG member / by the PO. • Identify the resource requirements (financial, material, technical, labour, etc.) for implementation of the mitigation measures. • Identify the possible sources of support that can help in meeting the resource requirements (by referring to the TEGs, by consulting relevant line department staff, etc.). • If necessary, make revisions to the budget for the activity. • Fill the Environmental Actions Agreement Form (see annexure 5) or Generic TEG (see annexure 4). This involves stating for each of the activity in the SHG Livelihood Plan and PO Business Plan the following: − if screening has been done − what is the level of assessment done (Low or Medium) − what are the mitigation measures identified − signature of the relevant SHG member / PO Board of Directors indicating willingness to implement mitigation measures − details of further support that is planned to be sourced from various government schemes/programmes The Executive Committee of the Village Development Community (VDC) conducts the environmental assessment of SHG Livelihood Plans with facilitation support from the Project Facilitation Team (PFT) and in consultation with the SHG. The environmental assessment of PO Business Plans is done by the District Environment Coordinator (Additional Charge Agriculture Coordinator) of the District Project Support Unit with facilitation support from the State Environment Coordinator of SPSU.

22 The specific Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs, See Annexure 3) have been prepared for those activities which are likely to have some environmental impacts and are likely to be taken up by SHGs / federations / Producer Organizations. Detailed TEGs have not been prepared for activities like cloth selling, tent house or band party etc. Generic TEG (See Annexure 4) has been prepared for all those activities for which specific TEGs are not prepared.

Facilitation provided by PFT Livelihood plan of SHG to SHG in discussions, adoption of Inclusion duly filled Environmental mitigation Actions Agreement Form / Generic measures, bringing TEG after discussion among support from members showing agreement on relevant taking applicable environmental government mitigation measures and details of schemes and support if planned departments, filling up the Environmental Actions Agreement Submission to Village Development Form / Generic Committee with Livelihood Plan TEG

Facilitation provided by PFT Screening TEG section A to VDC in based on TEG Activities discussions on section A Livelihood plan screening tool TEG Section A / B, Not Approved Environmental safeguards proposed to be Low Other activities takenup by SHG, Environmental Actions Agreement Approved Form / Generic Level of assessment (Screening TEG Section B) TEG and decision making

Medium

Environmental Investigation by external agency supported / High approved by SPSU

Fig 14: Process for environmental appraisal of SHG Livelihood Plan

Facilitation provided by DPSU Business plan of PO / Federations to PO in discussions, adoption of Inclusion duly filled Environmental mitigation Actions Agreement Form / Generic measures, bringing TEG after discussion among board of support from directors showing agreement on relevant taking applicable environmental government mitigation measures and details of schemes and support if planned departments, filling up the Environmental Actions Agreement Submission to DPSU with business Form / Generic Plan TEG

District Environment Screening Coordinator TEG section A based on TEG (Additional Charge Activities to Agriculture section A Coordinator) of the DPSU in Not Approved consultation with PO’s Board of Directors and Low Other activities relevant Staff will take decision. Facilitation Level of assessment provided by State Approved (Screening TEG Section B) Environment Coordinator (SPSU) in decision Medium making

Environmental Investigation by external agency supported / High approved by SPSU

Fig 15: Process for environmental appraisal of PO Business Plan

The EMF provides detailed activity specific Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) to aid in the assessment of SHG Livelihood Plans (for both Low and Medium categories) and PO Business Plans (for the Medium category). (See annexure 3) 4.4.2 Supervision, Monitoring and Audit 4.4.2.1 Internal Environmental Supervision Objective: Internal supervision of the implementation of the EMF is planned with the following objectives:

z to check if all safeguard requirements are met

z to check if the mitigation measures listed in the Environmental Actions Agreement Form are implemented

z to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented

z to identify any further environmental issues that need to be addressed

z to identify capacity building requirements Frequency: The supervision will be conducted at six-monthly intervals. There will be 10 supervision rounds during the project duration of five years. Details of Sample: A sample of SHGs and POs will be visited at six-monthly intervals by a team from the District Project Support Unit (DPSU) (for supervision of both VDCs and POs) and from the State Project Support Unit (SPSU) (for supervision of POs). Table 12: Details of sample size of SHGs for monitoring

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Total Sample Total Sample Total Sample Total Sample Total Sample

SHG 500023 10% 15000 5% 30000 2.5% 35000 2.5% 35000 2.5% (500; (700; (750; (875; (875; 35 per 50 per 50-55 60-65 60-65 district) district) per per per district) district) district)

PO 25 25 25 25 30 30 30 30 30 30

23 The figures are taken from the PIP - Detailed Costs - Table 2 Livelihoods Investment Support.

It will be ensured that of the SHG Livelihood Plans covered in the supervision:

z 60% will be of Medium category

z 40% will be of Low category

z Further, there will be representation from agriculture (including irrigation) [30%], animal husbandry (including dairy) [30%], forest based activities [30%], and small enterprises (such as pottery) [10%] in the sample selected. Guidelines for Supervision: Each supervision round will consist of (a) desk review (b) field visits (c) reporting. Desk Review: The desk review will be undertaken for at least as many SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans as indicated in the Table 12. The SHG livelihood Plans and the PO Business Plan documents will be desk reviewed. The desk review will focus on the following: • Has the screening for each activity in the plan been done at the correct level? • Is there evidence that the appropriate TEGs have been used for each activity in the plan? • Have mitigation measures been identified for each relevant activity? • Do the mitigation measures that have been identified seem appropriate? • Have the SHG / PO members signed indicating consent to implement the mitigation measures? • Has any requirement of additional support been documented? Field Visits: The field visits will be undertaken for at least as many SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans as indicated in the Table 12. The field visits will focus on the following:

z to check if the activity is in compliance with the regulatory requirements listed in the Dos and Don’ts

z to check if the mitigation measures listed in the Environmental Actions Agreement Form are implemented

z to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented

z to identify any further environmental issues that need to be addressed

z to identify the cumulative environmental impact of the SHG Livelihood Plan activities at the village level

z to identify capacity building requirements at the SHG, VDC, PFT, PO levels Reporting: The District Environment Coordinator of the District Project Support Unit (DPSU) will make a district level report of the Environmental Supervision of the SHG Livelihood Plans. S/he will also provide relevant feedback to the PFTs and SHGs concerned. The State Environment Coordinator of the State Project Support Unit (SPSU) will make a comprehensive state level report compiling details of the district level

Environmental Supervision reports and adding the details of the Environmental Supervision of the PO Business Plans. S/he will also provide relevant feedback to the DPSUs and POs concerned. Each report will contain details of the sampling methodology, the detailed list of SHGs and POs visited observations of the desk reviews and field visits, analysis, recommendations for action and follow-up plan. The District Environment Coordinator of the DPSU will make a detailed presentation of the findings of the Environmental Supervision every six months to the District Project Manager and the DPSU team. The State Environment Coordinator at the SPSU will make a detailed presentation of the findings of the Environmental Supervision every six months to the Project Coordinator and the SPSU team. The project will identify best performing SHGs, VDCs and POs at district and state levels every 6 months on the basis of the supervision. A certificate of recognition will be awarded to these institutions. 4.4.2.2 Monitoring of External Environmental Conditions: Once every year, the State Environment Coordinator at the SPSU will prepare a report of the environmental situation in the state including data and analysis of relevant parameters as well as a listing of relevant new legislation and regulations that have a bearing on the environmental performance of the project. Example of the nature of the updates the report will include: z Groundwater exploitation status (basins classified as overexploited, exploited, critical, semi-critical and safe) z Relevant schemes and subsidies (subsidy on fodder cultivation, training programmes for farmers on integrated pest management, etc.) z New legislation and regulations (activities that are non-permissible in forests and protected areas) The EMF will be suitably revised annually on the basis of this document and the revisions communicated to the DPSUs by the SPSU. 4.4.2.3 Environmental Audit An external agency will be appointed by the SPSU to undertake an independent audit of the environmental performance of the project. Two such audits will be conducted during the project duration. In addition, the SPSU will conduct a process review of the EMF at the end of the first year of the project. Objectives: The specific objectives of the Environmental Audit are to assess and verify the effectiveness of the following - • To assess the implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation measures being suggested in environmental assessment of SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans. • To assess the institutional and administrative effectiveness of the environmental assessment system in MPDPIP II.

• To assess individual and cumulative impacts of the SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans and anticipated sensitivity to these impacts. Frequency: The environmental audit will be conducted once every two years. There will be a process review of the EMF at the end of the first year and 2 external audits during the project duration of five years.

Year 1 (2008-09) 2 (2009- 3 (2011- 4 (2012- 5 (2013- 2010) 2012) 2013) 2014)

Environment Internal - External - External al Audit process audit audit review of the EMF

Methodology: Internal process review: The internal process review of the EMF will be an exercise undertaken by the State Environment Coordinator at the SPSU. It will focus on identifying the strengths and weaknesses with respect to EMF implementation. The focus of this exercise will include (but not be limited to): z Checking availability of and usefulness of Environmental Appraisal Tools z Checking adequacy of institutional arrangements z Checking effectiveness of capacity building arrangements The State Environment Coordinator will prepare an action plan on the findings of the internal process review. The action plan will be presented to the Project Coordinator of the SPSU for approval and implementation. External audit: The Agency appointed by MPDPIP II for Environmental Audit will develop an appropriate methodology (including the performance indicators) for the Environment Audit by undertaking a stakeholder analysis. The methodology will include: • Sampling to ensure coverage of • Desk review of relevant secondary data • Desk review of relevant project documents • Field consultations with project staff and community institution representatives at various levels (SHG, VDC, PO) • Field visits to activities taken up by SHGs and POs The specific tasks that the Agency appointed by MPDPIP II for Environmental Audit will undertake will include the following:

• Analysis of data on activities undertaken through the SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans • Assessment of compliance with EMF (appraisal, supervision, training, etc.) at SHG and PO levels. This includes checking of the following: • The Screening process is being followed properly and the screening category attributed to a particular activity is correct • Expected impacts and recommended mitigation measures are correctly indicated • Proposed mitigation measures are carried out as planned during implementation • The activity has been implemented according to design • No unexpected environmental impacts have surfaced, which have not been reported to the DPSU/SPSU

z Review the adequacy and effectiveness of the existing tools for Environmental Appraisal.

z Review the institutional arrangements at the state, district, block and village level against what was envisaged and assess whether these are adequate.

z Review the training material, schedule, frequency and number of project team as well as community institution members trained as part of the EMF.

z Review the environmentally proactive initiatives taken up as part of MPDPIP II (organic agriculture, biogas, etc).

z Review the cumulative impacts (both positive and negative) through the methodology developed.

z Make recommendations for strengthening the EMF in view of the reviews undertaken. 4.4.2.4 Performance indicators: A set of 10 performance indicators have been developed to enable capturing the environmental performance of the project. These indicators will be integrated into the project MIS so that regular and periodic information is gathered by the PFTs and sent to the SPSU through the DPSU. Environmental Outcomes:

z Extent of area under sustainable agriculture practices/technologies (integrated or non-chemical pest management; integrated nutrient management; etc.) supported by the project as a percentage of all agricultural area supported by the project

z Extent of area under water conservation (recharge, harvesting, drip/sprinkler irrigation, etc.) as a percentage of all area that has been brought under tube well irrigation through the project support

z Extent of area under fodder development as part of project supported livestock activities

z Number of SHG activities that are environmentally proactive (for example, biogas, non-chemical pest management, sustainable NTFP extraction, etc.) as a percentage of total SHGs involved in the same activity Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building:

z Districts with staff to anchor responsibility of EMF as a percentage of total districts

z Project staff at state, district and PFT levels trained in EMF as a percentage of total staff and relevant levels

z Percentages of SHGs, Para workers, VDC Executive Committee members who have received training on EMF Processes:

z Number of SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans that have gone through the specified environmental assessment process and have integrated the relevant mitigation measures as a percentage of total livelihood plans and business plans

z Number of SHG activities and PO activities visited for supervision of field implementation of EMF by the District and State Project Support Units as against the targets specified in the EMF

z Number of external audits conducted as against the target number of audits specified in the EMF 4.4.2.5 Special Studies The SPSU will commission about 3 special studies that will enable strengthening of the EMF implementation in the project. An indicative list of the studies that can be commissioned is as follows:

z Study existing pesticide use of SHG members and design of appropriate crop- specific package of practices for integrated pest management (employing use of chemical pesticides other than those in classes 1a, 1b and 2).

z Study environmental impact of existing fodder management (for example, grazing) and design appropriate fodder development and conservation practices.

z Study on district-specific proactive environmental interventions that can be taken up in each of the project districts in view of the local natural resources, livelihoods, available technologies and support systems (subsidy schemes, training facilities, etc.).

z Renovation of old wells, roof water harvesting, etc., to be taken up as per need identified in the districts. 4.4.2.6. Integration of Information on the EMF with the project MIS The EMF is viewed as an integral part of project management in the MPDPIP II. In order

to monitor progress in its implementation on a regular basis, it is planned that the project MIS will include an up-to-date status of the EMF. This shall help achieve the following objectives:

z Make available data on screening and assessment to monitor the degree of compliance with the assessment procedures.

z Provide data to enable DPSU and SPSU to decide on the sample for internal six- monthly supervision and external audit.

z Provide information on use of TEGs to facilitate development of more specific TEGs.

z Provide information on technical support and training on environmental management identified and provided as a result of the assessment process. It is envisaged that the data on status of environmental assessment would be maintained at all levels in the project viz. VDC level, PFT level, district level and state level. Given in annexure 18 is a set of formats (EA01 to EA04) suggested for maintaining records of the status of environmental assessment at various levels. The actual procedure for continuously updating this data at various levels will be developed in conjunction with the MIS staff. Described below in brief is the suggested process for maintaining and updating MIS data pertaining to environmental assessment. Name To be Purpose Frequency To be of the filled of filling submitted to form by EA 01 VDC Record of: After each Concerned z Type of SHG activities monthly PFT z Level of assessment as meeting identified by screening (this will help in checking if screening has been done correctly) z If Environmental Actions Agreement form has been signed by the SHG members (this indicates consent for implementation of mitigation measures) z Which TEG was used for assessment (this will ensure that the correct TEG is used, and will also point out activities that require a new specific TEG to be prepared) z Identified need for technical support, training, etc. z Cumulative impact of SHG activities under the VDC and

necessary mitigation measures EA 02 PFT Compilation of EA 01 for capturing Bimonthly MIS civil / information on: Coordinator other z Type of SHG activities and the at the DPSU techni level of environmental through the cal assessment to which they were Environment expert screened Coordinator z Confirmation that at DPSU environmental actions have been agreed upon z Identified needs for technical support/training for environmental management z Status of SHG Livelihood Plans approved / not approved after environmental assessment EA 03 Agric Consolidation and compilation of EA Quarterly MIS ulture 02 for capturing information on status Coordinator / MIS of environmental assessment of SHG at the SPSU coordi Livelihood Plans, and, through the nator Information on environmental Environment DPSU assessment of PO Business Plans, Coordinator including: at the SPSU z Nature of activity z Level of assessment identified after screening z Details of any technical support taken for assessment z Agreement on environmental actions (for mitigation) z Details of training support EA 04 SPSU Consolidation and compilation of EA Half yearly 03 for record keeping at SPSU

4.4.3 Institutional Arrangements Roles and responsibilities for ensuring EMF implementation have been detailed out at state, district and village levels.

Table 13: Roles and responsibilities of project functionaries in implementation of EMF Functionary Role Responsibility in implementation of EMF State Level – internal to DPIP II Overall responsibility of implementation of EMF in the project (including ensuring coordination among the DPIP II functionaries Project at the state and district levels). Coordinator Ensure allocation of required human resources (PC) / Project at all levels for EMF implementation. Deputy Overall manager for Liaison with government departments at the Administrator EMF implementation state level for securing support for EMF (PDA) or implementation (for example, government Administrative schemes and programmes for training, Coordinator subsidies to enable implementation of (AC) mitigation measures, etc.). Ensure that environmental assessment is an integral part of planning for all the activities undertaken through the project. Key functionary at the state level with overall responsibility of implementation of EMF in the project. Ensure that all legal and regulatory provisions relevant to the EMF are satisfactorily met through the project processes. Ensure that environmental assessment is an integral part of appraisal of SHG Livelihood Plans and PO Business Plans and any other relevant activities supported through the project. Ensure regular updating (once every year) and Key functionary for State availability of TEGs to all project overall EMF Environment functionaries and community institution implementation Coordinator partners.

Organize half-yearly environmental supervision of PO Business Plan activities in coordination with the District Environment Coordinator. Conduct internal process review of the EMF at the end of the first year of the project. Ensure that the two external environmental audits are conducted in the 3rd and 5th years of the project. Ensure that all capacity building requirements of the EMF are met. Report to the World Bank on EMF progress as

part of regular project reporting requirements of DPIP II. Key functionary for Ensure that all capacity building requirements integration of EMF HR of the EMF are integrated into the overall into capacity building Coordinator Capacity Building strategy on a continuing programmes in the basis and are met efficiently. project Key functionary for ensuring integration Ensure that all M & L activities of the DPIP II M & E of EMF in regular M have consistent and accurate reporting on the Coordinator & L activities of the EMF. DPIP II Ensure that all MF initiatives including all Key functionary for MF credit support provided through SHG savings, integration of EMF Coordinator through bank linkages, etc., are consistent with into MF the provisions of the EMF. Providing technical support for sound environment management in agriculture based and linked livelihood interventions and design Strategy development of appropriate crop-specific package of Agriculture technical facilitation practices for sustainable agriculture under Coordinator of EMF special studies. implementation Advice State Environment Coordinator on environmentally proactive agriculture interventions that can be taken up by SHGs and POs. Providing technical support for sound Strategy development environment management in livestock based Animal technical facilitation and linked livelihood interventions. Husbandry of EMF Advice EC on environmentally proactive Coordinator implementation livestock interventions that can be taken up by SHGs and POs. Information, Education and Communication Develop IEC strategy and materials relevant to Communication Coordinator the EMF. (IEC) activities on EMF District Level – Internal to DPIP II Overall responsibility of implementation of EMF in the District (including ensuring coordination among the DPIP II functionaries District Project Overall manager for at the District and PFT levels). Manager EMF implementation Liaison with government departments at the (DPM) / DPSU in the district district level for securing support for EMF implementation. Report to the State Environment Coordinator

on EMF progress as part of regular reporting requirements. Key functionary at the District level with overall responsibility of implementation of EMF in the project. Ensure that all legal and regulatory provisions relevant to the EMF are satisfactorily met through the project processes. Ensure that environmental assessment is done as part of appraisal of SHG Livelihood Plans in the district. Conduct the environmental assessment of PO Business Plans in the district. Ensure that environmental assessment is an District integral part of appraisal of any other relevant Environment activities supported through the project. Key functionary for Coordinator Ensure that all capacity building requirements EMF implementation (additional of the EMF are met on a continuing basis for responsibility) both the DPIP II functionaries as well as for the community institution partners in the district. Ensure identification and training of Para workers on environmentally proactive practices / technologies to support implementation of EMF in project. Undertake half-yearly environmental supervision of SHG Livelihood Plan activities. Provide technical support for sound environment management of SHG and PO activities in coordination with relevant Government departments, NGOs, etc. PFT Level – Internal to DPIP II Facilitate environmental appraisal of the SHG Livelihood Plans by the VDC. Ensure training of VDCs, Para workers, etc., Key functionary at on environmental assessment and PFT / PFT the PFT level for management. Coordinator implementation of Liaison with government departments at the EMF block level for securing support for EMF implementation (for example, utilize existing government schemes and programmes for training, supply of inputs, etc.).

The roles and responsibilities of community institution partners in implementation of EMF are detailed in the table below:

Table 14: Roles and responsibilities of community institution partners in implementation of EMF Functionary Role Responsibility in implementation of EMF SHG Key institution for Ensure that all members of the SHG identify integration of EMF in and implement the appropriate mitigation livelihoods measures into the relevant livelihood activities indicated in the SHG Livelihood Plan. Ensure that discussion on practices, issues and innovations in livelihood activities forms part of agenda for discussion in the SHG on a regular basis. Ensure that this discussion is recorded in the minutes of the SHG and forms basis for further action (for example, discussion on issues with respect to fodder availability, pesticide usage, fertilizer usage, ground water livelihood interventions and requirement and demand for training these issues). VDC Key institution for Ensure that all SHG members fill up the screening and Environmental Actions Agreement Form and assessment of SHG enclose it with the SHG Livelihoods Action Livelihood Plans Plan. Monitoring of the implementation of the agreed environmental actions (mitigation measures) by the SHGs. Assessment of cumulative impact of SHG activities at the village level. Facilitate utilization of services of trained Para workers in enhancing environmental management of SHG livelihood activities. Producer Key institutions for Ensure that appropriate mitigation measures Organizations integration of EMF are identified for the relevant livelihood (PO) – Chief into the focus activity activities indicated in the PO Business Plan Executive of the PO and are implemented. Officer and Ensure that the activities of the PO satisfy all Board of legal and regulatory requirements specified in Directors the EMF. Provide support (technical, training, etc.) to the PO members to enhance the environmental sustainability of their livelihood activities (for example, soil testing, Integrated Pest Management, etc.) Facilitate utilization of services of trained Para workers in enhancing environmental management of SHG livelihood activities.

4.4.4 Capacity building The capacity building plan involves provision of relevant training on the EMF to community institutions (VDCs, POs) and project staff at all levels (State and District Project Support Units). Training on environmental safeguards and assessment procedures will be part of all training programmes for SHGs on preparation of Livelihood Plans, for VDCs on appraisal of SHG Livelihood Plans, and for POs. The training will be conducted by the District Environment Coordinator with support from external resource agencies. Skill based training on environmental management for Para workers on themes such as soil testing, non-chemical pest management, sustainable NTFP extraction, etc., is also planned. Also, training on the environmental assessment procedures will be part of – all orientation/induction programmes conducted for newly recruited project management staff (at state, district and PFT levels); all awareness programmes conducted for empanelled appraisers, outsourced technical service providers, resource agencies; etc. The specific details of the training programmes follow. 4.4.4.1 Details of Training Programmes T1. Training on the Environmental Management Framework Purpose of the training:

z To equip with knowledge and skills necessary for undertaking environmental appraisal as per the requirements of the EMF.

z To prepare for undertaking periodic internal supervision and monitoring of environmental performance of Livelihood plans of SHG and business plans Producer Organizations.

z To prepare for implementing for environmental proactive activities like IPM, INM, Biogas plants , Bio-farming, sustainable NTFP collection and water recharging and conservation Participants: The Civil Engineer at the PFT level and Agriculture Coordinator at the DPSU level (Key Environmental personnel). Schedule: The training will include a main and annual refresher training workshops on environmental appraisal. The main and refresher training programs will be for duration of 2 days each. 6 regional trainings programs will be conduced during the first year. 3 regional training programmes per year will be conducted for the next 4 years. This will total 18 programs. T2. Training on Environmental Appraisal and Management Purpose of the training: • To equip with knowledge and skills necessary for meaningful participation in the environmental appraisal as per the requirements of the EMF • To prepare for planning and monitoring implementation of environmental mitigation measures identified through the appraisal process. Participants: VDCs, Para workers, Producer organizations.

Schedule: The training will be imparted to the VDCs, Para workers, Producer organizations as part of the over all training which will also include a 1 day environmental module. This wills approximately 350 Programmes. T3. Environmental Awareness and Sensitization Purpose of the training:

z To build awareness on Linkages of Environment and Livelihood and concept of sustainable development. Participants: All SPSU, DPSU and PFT staff, and Community partners. Schedule: The training will involve 3 hours in all the training programes organized at all levels in the project. There will be approx 40 batches. T4. Thematic Training Purpose of the training:

z To equip with knowledge and skills for proactive environmental activities like IPM, INM, water Harvesting and conservation and Sustainable NTFP extraction. Participants: SHGs, Para workers and other beneficiaries on demand. Schedule: The training will involve 3-4 day workshops at the PFT level for a batch of 20- 30 members. Two such programmes will be organized in each block (Total 100 thematic training). 4.4.4.2 Number of Training Programs

No. Topics Number of Trainings

1 T1 - Environmental Management Framework 18

2 T2 - Environmental Appraisal and Management 350

3 T3 - Environmental Awareness and Sensitization 40 in all training programes

4 T4 - Thematic Training 100

4.4.4.3 Budget for Training The total estimated cost of all the training is given in table below (for 5 years):

Training Total Number of Duration of Cost for Batch Total Cost Module Number of Training Batch Participants

T1 270 18 2 days 50,000/- 9,00,000/-

T2 3500 350 1 Days 5,000/- 17,50,000/-

T3 500 40 0.5 Day 12,500/- 5,00,000/-

T4 1000 100 4 Days 50,000/- 50,00,000/-

Total 5270 81,50,000/- (Appx.)

4.4.5 Budget The budget for a total of five years from the inception of the project is as follows:

Sl. Budget Head Details Amount in INR No. (in lakhs)

1. Professional Cost (State 30,000 x 12 x 5 17,04,00,000 District and PFT Level) 14 x 20,000 x 12 x 5 253 x 10,000 x 12 x 5

2. Development, Translations EMF manual 15,00,000 and printing of EA/EMF Posters and IEC materials Lessons Learnt

3. Training and capacity 81,50,000 building of DPIP Functionaries and Community partners

4. Environmental Assessment Internal monitoring – 50 55,50,000 PFT x 10 times x 5,000 = 25,00,000

Annual review at the end of first year by SPSU = 50,000

2 External audits (1 mid term+ 1 last year of the project) - @ 15,00,000 per audit x 2 = 30,00,000

5. Special studies 1,50,000 x 3 studies 4,50,000

TOTAL 18,60,50,000

NOTE: The items at Sl. No. 1 and 3 have been included in the overall project budget under the heads / component 1. Social empowerment and institutional building and 4.Project implementation support. They are presented in the above table only to indicate the funds that need to be made available for the EMF. The budget exclusive to the EMF is hence only that against Sl. No. 2, 4 and 5 amounting to Rs. 75,00,000.

Annexure: 1 Screening TEG – Section A – Non-permissible Activities There are certain kinds of livelihood activities which, if taken up, would contravene the laws and regulations of the State Government, Government of India as well as certain Safeguard Polices of the World Bank. Such activities will not be supported under the MPDPIP. Given below is a list of attributes that would disqualify any given activity from being considered under MPDPIP. This list shall be treated as the screening tool for the livelihood activities planned to be taken up by SHGs and their federations including the Producer Organizations. Assessment Any activity that does not go through environmental assessment is not permissible. Agriculture / Land Based Tube well / Dug well / Irrigation structures / Pesticides / Fertilizers Any Tube well / Dug well (except for public drinking purpose) to be installed in areas classified as Critical / Over Exploited Zone as identified by the Ground Water Department is not permissible without prior approval from the District Collector / or the designated authority. (See Annexure – 8) Commissioning of drinking water open well / bore well is not permissible without prior water quality testing to confirm that the water is safe for consumption. (See Annexure – 6) Any irrigation tube well / bore well that is within a distance of 200 meters from the nearest tube / bore well will not be supported. Any drinking water source within a periphery of 50 meters from community latrines will not be supported. Any embankment / check dam exceeding 5 meters in height will not be permissible. Any loan / grant will not be approved for the purchase / stock / sale / distribution and / or exhibition of pesticides that are classified by the WHO as falling in Class Ia, Ib and II. (see annexure 11) Any activity involving procurement and / or distribution of pesticides and chemical fertilizers for which the requisite permission has not been taken / applied for will not be supported. Forest Any activity involving setting up of saw mills or any other timber processing mills without the permission of the Forest Department will not be supported. Any activity involving grazing in reserved and protected forests including wild life sanctuaries or national parks will not be supported. Activities involving extraction of forest produce including non timber forest produce will not be permitted unless prior requisite permissions have been taken from the Forest Department.

Except for plantations raised for the purpose of providing timber and fuel wood, any activity that involves felling of trees will not be permitted. Any activities that involve destruction / exploitation of wildlife will not be permitted. All interventions in forest villages (villages in designated forest areas including reserve forests, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, etc.) will be taken up only with permission from the Forest Department. Infrastructure No activity involving construction of roads, buildings, check dams, stop dams and anicuts will be permitted without prior approval of the design by a qualified Engineer. Other Income Generating activities Brick kilns will not be permitted. . General Project activity should be at least 200 metres away from sites having historical/ religious/archaeological importance. Project activity should be minimum 100 metres away from the railway line.

Annexure: 2 TEG section B -Category of Environmental assessment The possible livelihood activities that may be supported through MPDPIP II have been categorized into three levels of assessment (Low, Medium and High). The level of assessment required has been identified on the basis of (a) degree of potential environmental impact of livelihood activities, (b) the scale of the activity, and (c) the channel through which the livelihood plan / business plan will be filed. This categorization has been included in Screening TEG – Section B. Category of Environmental Assessment of livelihood interventions Low Category Medium Category High Category Criteria Activities that are Activities that are taken Activities that are taken up at the SHGs up at the SHGs and have taken up by PO those and have short term long term negative are likely to have negative or positive environmental impact. significant long-term negative environmental All activities taken up by environmental impacts impact. PO. and require site

specific technical inputs for mitigation. Screening For SHG livelihood For SHG livelihood External agency and plans: Executive plans: Executive appointed by SPSU Appraisal Committee of the Committee of the Village Village Development Development Committee Committee (VDC) in (VDC) in consultation consultation with with SHG. SHG. For POs: District Environment Coordinator of the DPSU in consultation with PO’s Board of Directors and relevant Staff. Facilitation For SHG livelihood For SHG livelihood State Environment by plans: Project plans: Project Facilitation Coordinator of SPSU Facilitation Team Team (PFT) (PFT) For PO: State Environment Coordinator (SPSU) Supervision For SHG livelihood For SHG livelihood by plans: District plans: District Environment Environment Coordinator, DPSU Coordinator, DPSU

For PO: State Environment Coordinator, SPSU Percentage 40% of SHG 60% of SHG Livelihood covered in Livelihood Plans Plans covered in supervision covered in supervision will be of supervision will be of medium category. low category All PO Business Plans / Activities will be covered in supervision.

See the below table for deciding the level of assessment.

Screening TEG – Section B. Given below, is the list of livelihood activities classified as per the criteria listed above:

Sl. Sector/ Activity Conditions / comments Assessment no. level A Agriculture / Land Based A1 Soybean cultivation Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support and training A2 Wheat cultivation Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support and training A3 Paddy cultivation Water required in substantial Medium quantity, Methane generation A4 Pulses cultivation Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support and training A5 Fodder production Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support and training A6 Well (Open Well) Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support for design. A7 Drinking water facility Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support for location, water quality testing, etc. A8 Tube well Overexploitation of ground water Medium and depletion of deep aquifers. A9 Pond / tank construction Technical soundness of design Medium and construction is key factor for realizing positive environmental impact A10 Stop / check dam Technical soundness of design Medium and construction is key factor for realizing positive environmental impact A11 Land levelling /field bunding Lowers soil erosion, increase Low water recharge and availability A12 Agri-equipments (thresher, Improves efficiency of Low Tractor, trolley) agriculture. No significant negative environmental impact. A13 Crop producer organizations Engaged in procurement and Medium distribution of agro-chemicals including pesticides A 14 Orchards (fruit cultivation) Environmental impacts can be Low

mitigated with technical support and training A 15 Vegetable cultivation Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support and training Total 15 5 medium, 10 low

B Livestock B 1 Goat farming and Sheep Environmental impacts of Low rearing goat/sheep rearing with small flocks can be mitigated with technical support and training B 2 Dairy (Cow / Buffalo) rearing Environmental impacts of dairy Low farming with small number of animals can be mitigated with technical support and training B 3 Pig farming Environmental impacts of pig Low farming with small number of animals can be mitigated with technical support and training B 4 Donkey rearing / Horse Environmental impacts of Low keeping donkey rearing/horse keeping with small number of animals can be mitigated with technical support and training B 5 Poultry Backyard poultry has negligible Low environmental impact B 6 Poultry Producer Organization Intensive poultry farming without Medium sound management may impact human and animal health B 7 Bee keeping Helps in pollination of other Low plant species Total 7 1 medium, 6 low

C Infrastructure C1 PCC roads, WBM roads Poor design may affect the Medium natural drainage C 2 Community Hall, School Environmental impacts can be Low Building mitigated with technical support for design. C 3 Shop Godown, Kharanja Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support for design. C 4 Sanitation facility Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support for design and capacity building

for management. Total 4 1 medium, 3 low

D Forest D1 Leaf Plate stitching Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support on sustainable harvesting. D 2 Bamboo and Bamboo product Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support on sustainable harvesting. D 3 NTFP collection Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support on sustainable harvesting. D 4 Medicinal Plants Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support on sustainable harvesting/cultivation. D 5 Eco-tourism Poor design and management of Medium any created infrastructure may have negative impact on the local ecosystems. Total 5 1 medium, 4 low

E Food, Hotel & Restaurant E1 Milk Collection / Cooling Milk collection and distribution Low Centre (Producer organization) Bulk milk cooling, pasteurization Medium and processing – may cause pollution if not properly managed. E 2 Dhaba Proper housekeeping can Low mitigate any issues with waste management E 3 Milk Products Proper housekeeping can Low mitigate any issues with waste management E 4 Pickle production Proper housekeeping can Low mitigate any issues with waste management Total 5 1 medium, 4 low

F Fisheries Environmental impacts of small Low scale capture or culture fishery can be mitigated with technical support and training Total 1 0 Medium, 1 low

G Environmentally Pro-active Projects G1 NADEP Proper technical support for Low design and management will lead to positive environmental impacts G 2 Vermi-compost Proper technical support for Low design and management will lead to positive environmental impacts G 3 Biogas Proper technical support for Low design and management will lead to positive environmental impacts G 4 Plantation Environmental impacts can be Low mitigated with technical support and training G 5 Refuse collection and recycling Proper technical support on Low management will lead to positive environmental impacts Total 5 0 medium, 5 low

H Other Income Generating activities H1 Motor-cycle repair Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 2 Bi-cycle repair Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 3 Manufacturing seat cover Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 4 Manufacturing tile Technical support on kiln design Low and fuel efficiency can minimize negative environmental impacts H 5 Manufacturing potteries Technical support on kiln design Low and fuel efficiency can minimize negative environmental impacts H 6 Photo copier Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 7 Photo studio Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 8 Tailoring Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 9 Centring – shuttering, Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 10 Tent house Does not have any significant Low

impact on natural resources H 11 Brass band, dance party Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 12 Machines rice mills, flour Does not have any significant Low mills, mixture machine, oil mill impact on natural resources H 13 Welding equipment Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 14 Hair cutting Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 15 Furniture making May involve illegal Medium purchase/extraction of wood H 16 Incense sticks Proper housekeeping can Low minimize any negative impacts on health H 17 Carpet weaving Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 18 Pearl beads Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 19 Glass item Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 20 Ornament making Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 21 Word carving Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 22 Cloth selling Does not have any significant Low impact on natural resources H 23 Dying and colouring unit Poor management can lead to Medium pollution of water H 24 Tanneries and animal hide Poor management of solid and Medium liquid wastes can lead to pollution and impact health Total 24 3 Medium, 21 low Grand 8 Sectors, Total =(12 medium Some other activities may be total + 54 low)= 66 activities taken up by community partners

As can be seen from the above list, about 12 from a list of 66 activities are under medium level of assessment category, which means a little below 20%, are classified as medium. None of the envisaged activities fall in the ‘High’ category. The project is in its second phase, and the likely activities proposed by the SHGs and POs may be similar to those in the phase one. Specific Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs, see Annexure 3) have been prepared for activities that are likely to be taken up by SHGs and their Federations including Producer Organizations. This document contains specific TEGs for 28 different activities. For activities which have minimal use of natural resources and negligible environmental impact (for example, cloth selling, tent house, band party, etc.), detailed TEGs have not been prepared.

A Generic TEG (see Annexure 4) has been prepared for all those activities for which specific TEGs have not been prepared. As the MPDPIP is a demand-driven project, the preparation of TEGs is seen as an ongoing process. If during the course of the project implementation, it is observed that a new livelihood activity with potential environmental impacts is being proposed by the SHGs/POs in significant numbers, a TEG for the same will be prepared by the SPSU in consultation with the relevant technical experts. Hence the 28 TEGs in this document are to be viewed as a start-up collection which will keep growing as per the need identified in the project.

Annexure 3 Specific Technical Environmental Guidelines (TEGs) TEG No.1 Tube well / Bore well - Irrigation Level of Assessment : Medium Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Depletion of • Adopt irrigation practices Training on water conservation ground water that improve efficiency of measures including efficient water utilization and irrigation systems and its conserve water such as drip maintenance to Para workers / irrigation, sprinkler SHGs irrigation, mulching of soil, Coordinate with Agriculture etc. Department for provision and subsidies on Drip / Sprinkler irrigation under available Govt. Schemes. Adopt ground water recharge Coordinate with relevant methods Government departments (Agriculture, Groundwater, etc.) Take technical support for for provision of technical support construction of recharge pits/ and subsidies under available structures (see annexure 13) schemes. Do resistivity survey by recognized agency before the construction of Open / Tube well. Maintain the required distance between two tube wells / bore wells (200 m) Encourage compensatory recharge Coordinate with Gram Panchayat of traditional water structures if for encouraging such initiatives. existing in close vicinity. Erosion of top soil Adopt soil conservation measures Training of Para workers / SHG and water logging – plugging, bunding, trenches, members in mulching of soil, and increase of soil conservation measures in coordination with the Regional vegetation cover to avoid loss of Agriculture Extension (Vistar) top soil by action of flowing water. officer or the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (See Annexure 13 for Provision of proper drainage / information on water recharging recharge for surplus water. structures) Diesel pumps may Do not use adulterated fuel. Awareness to SHG members pollute air in Ensure that the pump is fixed enclosed settings properly to the base to avoid and create sound excess vibration. pollution Take permit for digging of bore Coordination with competent well from competent authority. authority to secure permission for digging of bore well.

TEG No.2 Renovation / Construction of Well - Irrigation

Level of Assessment : Low Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Depletion of Adopt well recharge methods. Coordinate with relevant unconfined aquifer Take technical support for design Government departments and lowering of and construction of an appropriate (Agriculture, Groundwater, etc.) water table recharge structure. for provision of technical support and subsidies under available Adopt irrigation practices that schemes. contribute to optimum water utilization and reduce water losses Eg. Drip irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Mulching, etc.

Encourage renovation of traditional water structures if existing in close vicinity. Top soil erosion Soil conservation measures - Training of Para workers / SHG plugging, bunding, trenches, members in mulching of soil, increase of soil conservation measures in coordination with the Regional vegetation cover (near well Bargad Agriculture Extension (Vistar) and Peepal trees are suitable for officer or the Krishi Vigyan growing near wells), selection of Kendra (See Annexure 13 for appropriate crops/varieties, and information on water recharging use of organic manure. structures) Diesel engine may Do not use adulterated fuel. Awareness to SHG members pollute air in Ensure that the pump is fixed enclosed settings properly to the base to avoid and create sound excess vibration. pollution

TEG No.3 Hand Pumps / Tube Well / Well for Drinking Water

Level of Assessment : Low Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Contaminated First test the water sample of an Coordinate with water testing ground water existing drinking water source laboratories of the Government (ground water) in the vicinity to (See Annexure 6) ensure it is safe Contamination of Do not construct the facility close water source / to the septic tanks / waste disposal ground water sites. Discharge surplus / waste water at Awareness to SHG members least 10 meter away from the well/hand pump through a lined drain into a recharge ditch or on open land / agriculture land

Construct brick masonry / Concrete masonry parapet wall (Jagat) round the well to avoid entry of agricultural runoff.

Water borne Provide a suitable cover over the diseases open wells. Add slaked lime / potassium Sensitization and training of Para permanganate / alum to open wells workers in mid summer and rainy season Regular / ongoing testing of water Coordinate with Rural Water quality. Supply Department to ensure that water quality testing is done regularly. Ground water Adopt water conservation and Training of Para workers. depletion recharge measures Coordinate with relevant Government departments Take technical support for design (Agriculture, Groundwater, etc.) and construction of an appropriate for provision of technical support recharge structure (See annexure and subsidies under available 13) schemes.

TEG No.4 Pond / Tank Construction

Level of Assessment : Medium Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Submergence of Check land use of submerged land Coordinate with the Gram land Panchayat. Carry out compensatory plantation Take technical support from / aforestation Forest Department for identifying suitable tree species.

Technical input and feasibility Coordinate with relevant report is to be taken from a Government department (minor qualified engineer (including all irrigation, agriculture, etc.) for details such as land use, slope, deputation/recommendation of catchment, etc.) if the area of the qualified civil engineer to pond/tank is more than 0.5 ha undertake the feasibility study and provide technical inputs on design. Siltation, Install silt catching structure in the Do proper bunding around the unhygienic major tributary drains (e.g., pond condition and boulders with wire mesh etc.). pollution of standing waters Do proper bunding around the pond/tank.

Prevent excessive human use.

Prevent disposal of waste material and garbage into the pond/tank. Ensure periodic cleaning of floating debris.

Clearly indicate that the water is not safe for drinking purpose.

Ensure that no waste water stream emanating from animal sheds / houses / community toilets / industries (any scale) shall meet to the pond/tank. Loss of Hunting of birds shall be biodiversity prohibited. Mosquito Breeding Plant mosquito repelling species Coordinate with relevant such as lemon grass etc. on the Government department banks. (Fisheries, Public Health). Introduction of larvivorous fish such as Gambusia sp.

TEG. No. 5. Stop Dam / Check Dam

Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Ecologically and Technical input and feasibility Coordinate with qualified civil structurally unfit report is to be taken from a engineer for appraisal also. design qualified engineer (including all Coordination with Rural details such as land use, slope, Engineering Department of the catchment, etc.) concerned Block / District to ensure that a qualified Civil Engineer designs the structure and supervises its construction. Change in Consultation with downstream hydrological community prior to design phase regime down to ensure that safeguards and stream mitigation measures to counter adverse downstream impacts are included in the design (for example, provision of gates/ spillways/ sluice valves, etc. for periodic release of waters down stream). Submergence of Carry out compensatory plantation Consult the Forest Department land / aforestation. for technical support on suitable species of trees (for example, in water logged areas Jamun, Arjun and Tarcharbi are suitable, while in user areas Neem and Imli are recommended).

TEG No. 6 Community Hall Construction

Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Tree felling As far as possible, avoid felling of Technical support of the trees. If felling is unavoidable, take Forest Department may be prior permission from the Forest taken for advice on suitable species for compensatory Department and carry out plantation (for example, compensatory plantation in nearby excellent avenues species land. like Shisham, Imli, Jamun, Mango, Arjun, etc. can be planted around buildings). Design aspects Ensure that the design of the Take technical support from (Energy efficiency, community hall is approved by a the relevant Government safety, etc.) qualified Civil Engineer. department (Rural Engineering Department) for ensuring that the building is designed by a qualified Civil Engineer.

Sanitation and The building should have a proper Coordinate with Rural waste management drainage and sanitation facility. Engineering Department for ensuring that required sanitation and waste As the hall is likely to be used for management infrastructure community functions, it should have is built into the design of the proper facility for disposal of solid building. and liquid wastes from community events (feasts, functions, etc.)

TEG No.7 Sanitation facility

Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Availability of Ensure that the sanitation facility is Coordination with the water created at a location with easy access relevant Government to water. department (Rural Choose the pan design which Engineering Services requires little amount of water for Department) to ensure flushing. technical soundness of the Ground water Construction of leach pits at a design of the sanitation contamination due distance of at least 50 metres away facility including norms to leakages from from ground water sources. concerning location, design leach pits of pan, leach pits, etc. of the Ensure leak proof design of septic district. tanks / leach pits.

Annual cleaning and maintenance of septic tanks. Unhygienic Provision for proper ventilation, Coordinate with relevant conditions illumination and drainage. Government Department for Provision for regular cleaning and subsidies and incentives on maintenance of the facility. biogas plants connected to public toilets.

Vegetation loss Select other suitable sites where tree Coordination with Forest during land felling is not required. Department. preparation If felling trees is necessary, take prior permission from the Forest Department. Compensatory plantation should be taken up as per the norms of the Forest Department.

See details in Annexure 15

TEG No.8 Concrete / WBM roads

Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Loss of vegetation Coordination with relevant during land If felling of trees is necessary, take Government department (for preparation / prior permission from the Forest example, Rural Engineering construction Department and take up Department) to ensure that compensatory plantation as per the the design and supervision prescribed norms (for example, of construction is done by a Amaltas, Kanchnar, Gulmohar, qualified civil engineer. Ashok, Shisham, Imli, Jamun, Mango, Arjun, Babool, Beri, Soobabool, Neem, Peepal etc., may be planted along the road side).

Obstruction in Proper survey and identification of natural drainage natural drains shall be done before system starting the construction activity.

Provision of artificial drains should be made if natural drains are being obstructed. Runoff water should be diverted through open channels. Change in land use Check land use and design must be approved by qualified engineer. Loss of human life Speed breakers and appropriate signs in accidents should be provided near schools, cattle crossings and other public utility areas.

TEG No.9 Vegetable cultivation

Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Loss of native crop Technical support to identify suitable Coordinate with Department varieties variety of crops including awareness of Agriculture and Krishi on all aspects of available varieties Vigyan Kendra to identify such as yield, required inputs (water, suitable crop varieties. chemicals, etc.), etc. Extraction of Take permit for digging of bore well Coordination with ground water from competent authority. competent authority to (impact on local secure permission for ground water digging of bore well. Also aquifers) see TEG No. 1. Proper irrigation scheduling for Coordinate with Department efficient water use and adoption of of Agriculture and Krishi water conservation measures For Vigyan Kendra to identify example, drip irrigation, sprinkler suitable irrigation schedule irrigation, bunding, mulching, etc. and provide training on farm- level water conservation measures including relevant traditional water conservation practices.

Coordinate with District/Block Agriculture Officer for financial assistance under available Government schemes for water conservation (for example, farm ponds, recharge pits, drip irrigation, etc.) Improper use of Soil testing and efficient use of Coordination with soil chemical fertilizers recommended chemical fertilizers testing labs of Department (impact on soil of Agriculture. health, crop nutrition, Training of Para workers / contamination of Production managers of local water bodies) producer organization in soil sampling and soil testing using mobile soil testing kits.

Coordinate with Regional Agriculture Extension (Vistar) Officer for technical support and subsidies available for soil testing. Increased use of organic fertilizers Coordinate with Department (NADEP compost / Bio-gas slurry), of Agriculture / Horticulture mulching of soil, crop rotation, and / or relevant research intercropping, etc. organizations for seeking technical support (and training for Para workers) for identifying suitable package for integrated nutrient management Use of hazardous Integrated pest management without Coordination with chemical pesticides the use of pesticides in classes Ia, Ib, Department of Agriculture (impact on human and II (see Annex 11) and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to identify suitable and environmental integrated pest management health) (IPM) package using non- hazardous pesticides. (see Annex 9) Training of Para workers/ production managers of producer organization in the IPM package identified Contact Regional Agriculture Extension (Vistar) Officer for provision of available subsidies for implementation of IPM package. Use of efficient spraying equipment Procurement and provision to prevent wastage and of safety equipment (gloves, contamination mask) and efficient spraying equipment through the VDC / Producer Organization for selling / hiring to SHG farmers at subsidized rates.

TEG No.10 Fruit cultivation

Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Loss of native crop Technical support to identify Coordinate with Department varieties suitable variety of crops including of Agriculture and Krishi awareness on all aspects of available Vigyan Kendra to identify varieties such as yield, required suitable crop varieties. inputs (water, chemicals, etc.), etc. Extraction of Take permit for digging of bore well Coordination with ground water from competent authority. competent authority to (impact on local secure permission for ground water digging of bore well. Also see TEG No. 1. aquifers) Proper irrigation scheduling for Coordinate with Department efficient water use and adoption of of Agriculture and Krishi water conservation measures For Vigyan Kendra to identify example, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, bunding, mulching, etc. suitable irrigation schedule and provide training on farm- level water conservation measures including relevant traditional water conservation practices.

Coordinate with District/Block Agriculture Officer for financial assistance under available Government schemes for water conservation (for example, farm ponds, recharge pits, drip irrigation, etc.) Improper use of Soil testing and efficient use of Coordination with soil chemical fertilizers recommended chemical fertilizers testing labs of Department (impact on soil of Agriculture health, crop Training of Para workers / nutrition, contamination of Production managers of local water bodies) producer organization in soil sampling and soil testing / using mobile soil testing kits.

Coordinate with Regional Agriculture Extension (Vistar) Officer for technical support and subsidies available for soil testing. Proper fertilizer scheduling and Training of Para workers / efficient application including Production Managers of application of farm yard manure in Producer Organization in pits before planting of saplings, maintenance of adequate spacing recommending efficient between saplings, application of well fertilizer and manure rotted farm yard manure for each scheduling and application grown tree every year, etc. based on results of soil testing (for e.g., application of urea in split doses) Use of hazardous No the use of pesticides in classes Coordination with chemical pesticides Ia, Ib, and II of WHO list (Annex Department of Agriculture (impact on human 11). and Krishi Vigyan Kendra and environmental to identify suitable health) integrated pest management (IPM) package using non- hazardous pesticides. Training of Para workers / Production Managers of Producer Organization in identifying common pests and the IPM package required. Contact Regional Agriculture/Horticulture Extension (Vistar) officer for provision of technical support and subsidies for implementation of IPM package. Use of safety measures and gear Training of Para workers in while using pesticides building awareness on safety issues in pesticide use and guidelines for safe use. Use of efficient spraying equipment Procurement and provision to prevent wastage and of safety equipment (gloves, contamination mask) and efficient spraying equipment through the VDC / Producer Organization for selling / hiring to SHG farmers at subsidized rates. Conservation of Encourage cultivation of pest Coordinate with horticulture agriculture resistant native crop varieties of department for package of

83 diversity good economic value. practices on native varieties.

TEG No.11 Agriculture

Level of Assessment : Low Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Extraction of Take permit for digging of bore well Coordination with ground water from competent authority. competent authority to (impact on local secure permission for ground water digging of bore well. Also see TEG No. 1. aquifers) Proper irrigation scheduling for Coordination with efficient water use and adoption of Department of Agriculture, water conservation measures. Krishi Vigyan Kendra for technical support on farm level water management Training of Para workers / Production managers of Producer Organizations on farm level water management methods including irrigation scheduling, water conservation (including traditional practices), water harvesting, etc. Improper use of Soil testing and efficient use of Coordination with soil chemical fertilizers recommended chemical fertilizers testing labs of Department of (impact on soil Agriculture health, crop Training of Para workers / nutrition, Production Managers of contamination of Producer Organizations in local water bodies) soil sampling and soil testing using mobile soil testing kits. Coordinate with Regional Agriculture Extension (Vistar) Officer for technical support on soil testing. Increase use of organic fertilizers Coordinate with Department (NADEP compost / biogas slurry), of Agriculture and / or mulching of soil, crop rotation, relevant research organizations for technical intercropping, etc. support and training for Para workers and Managers of Producer Organizations on integrated nutrient management. Use of hazardous No use of pesticides in classes Ia, Ib, Coordination with chemical pesticides and II of WHO list (Annex 11). Department of Agriculture (impact on human and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to and environmental identify suitable integrated health) pest management (IPM) k i

package using non- hazardous pesticides. Training of Para workers / Production Managers of Producer Organizations in identifying common pests and the IPM package required. Contact Regional Agriculture Extension (Vistar) officer for technical support and available subsidies for implementation of IPM package. Use of safety measures and gear Training of Para workers in while using pesticides building awareness on safety issues in pesticide use Use of chemical Regular de-weeding using physical weedicides methods (avoiding use of chemical weedicides as far as possible). Biomass Burning Making farm yard manure with crop residues Loss of agriculture Avoid using non certified seeds. Coordinate with agriculture diversity (See annexure 13) department and relevant research institutes for technical support to identify suitable variety of crops including awareness on all aspects of available varieties such as yield, required inputs (water, chemicals, etc.), etc. Encourage use of native pest Coordinate with agriculture resistant varieties. department and relevant research institutes for technical support to identify suitable variety of crops including awareness on all aspects of available varieties such as yield, required inputs (water, chemicals, etc.), etc.

TEG No.12 Composting NADEP

Level of Assessment : Low

Mitigation Measures Details of support for Possible Issues implementation of mitigation measures Unhygienic Proper operation and maintenance of Coordinate with Agriculture conditions (odour the NADEP tank Department / Krishi Vigyan problem, flies, Kendra for training of Para workers and SHG members etc.) on proper construction and maintenance of NADEP tanks

Lack of optimum Provide optimum openings in the conditions required tank for passage of air. for compost Make the floor of the tank preparation impermeable, to check leaching of (moisture, nutrients. temperature, Ensure enough raw martial is duration, turning available before starting construction of the material ) of compost tank. Ensure availability of 1000-1200 litre of water for sprinkling. The time gap difference between the first filling and the to second filling should be 15-20 days. Seal each filling by semisol of by plastering with cow dung and water. The compost gets ready in 100-120 days. Colour- brownish, texture – like tea granules. The NADEP tank must be covered it with a shed to protect it from rain and high sunlight. Do not disturb The compost tank must not be disturbed during the process. See Annex 16 for details.

TEG No.13 Biogas Plant

Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Leakage of Proper operation and maintenance of Coordinate with relevant surplus biogas the biogas plant. Government Departments from the slurry (Agriculture, Non- conventional Energy, etc.) / tank Krishi Vigyan Kendra for training of Para workers and SHG members on proper construction and maintenance of biogas plants Mosquito Cover the slurry tank with a net of Coordinate with Malaria breeding in the suitable mesh size to prevent mosquito department of concerned uncovered slurry breeding. shall be properly covered by district / block net tank resulting in spread of diseases like malaria See Annex 14 for details

TEG No.14 Goat farming and Sheep Rearing Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures

Degradation of Develop community pasture lands. Training on fodder grazing land / Some of the shrub species that can be cultivation in coordination forest land grown are: Anjan, Subabul, Babul, with the relevant Shevari, Pangara, Neem, Peepal, Ber Government Departments (Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forests) and Krishi Vigyan Kendra

As far as possible avoid grazing on Coordinate with Forest designated forest lands. If grazing on Department for requisite forest land is unavoidable, take the permissions. required permit from the Forest Department. In case the forest is a protected area (wildlife sanctuary, national park), avoid grazing and instead rely on stall feeding, grazing on available community pasture lands, etc.

Practice rotational grazing

Practice stall feeding Coordinate with relevant • Use a chaff cutter Government Departments • Provide feed in troughs to (Agriculture, Animal avoid wastage Husbandry) for subsidies on • Use locally available chaff cutter. concentrates such as soyabean cake For completely stall-fed goats: 3-4 kg of green fodder, 1-2 kg of dry fodder and 200 -250 grams of concentrates. For partially stall-fed and partially free range goats: 50 per cent of the above quantities.

Grazing (and penning) of sheep in harvested fields contributes to soil fertility

Unhygienic A shed with dimensions – 6 feet long, conditions in 2.5 feet wide and 6 feet high – is shed sufficient for one pair of Goat / Sheep.

The shed must be located at least 15 metres away from the nearest drinking

The shed must have adequate ventilation, good drainage, and offer good protection from cold/heat/rain.

The floor of the shed should be cleaned daily and calcium carbonate, ash should be sprayed once in a week.

Compost animal wastes using a simple Coordinate with Department pit method or vermi-composting or of Agriculture for subsidies other efficient composting methods on construction of such as NADEP. composting units. Training on composting in coordination with the Department of Agriculture and Krishi Vigyan Kendra

Ground burial of dead animals in wasteland. Loss of Encourage rearing of local disease Coordinate with animal livestock resistant, hardy varieties. husbandry department for diversity technical support on selection of varieties.

TEG No.15 Dairy (Cow /Buffalo) Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Degradation of As far as possible avoid grazing on Coordinate with Forest grazing land / designated forest lands. If grazing on Department for requisite forest land forest land is unavoidable, take the permissions required permit from the Forest Department. In case the forest is a protected area (wildlife sanctuary, national park), avoid grazing and instead rely on stall feeding, grazing on available community pasture lands, etc. Cultivation of suitable, fast growing Technical support and fodder species. training on fodder cultivation in coordination with the Department of Agriculture/Animal Husbandry and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Practice rotational grazing and rotational harvesting of green fodder from field bunds / marginal lands and wastelands. Sensitization of the Gram Panchayat and VDC on need to devise and monitor adoption of norms for rotational grazing and harvesting fodder from field bunds / marginal lands and wastelands. Practice stall feeding Coordinate with the Use a chaff cutter to conserve fodder Department of Animal Husbandry to obtain Provide recommended quantities of livestock feed on subsidized fodder to the animals: Dry fodder, rates. Wheat husk - 5 Kg / Cow, 6 Kg / Coordinate with the Buffalo Department of Animal Green fodder - 20 Kilogram / Cow, Husbandry or the Buffalo Cooperative Dairy Program Sudana - 4 Kg / Cow, Buffalo for technical support on animal nutrition. Unhygienic A shed of 40 feet length, 25 feet conditions in wide and 10 feet high is sufficient shed for 20 cows / buffaloes. The shed must be located at least 15 metres away from the nearest drinking water source.

The shed must have adequate ventilation, good drainage, and offer good protection from cold/heat/rain. The floor of the shed should be cleaned frequently and calcium carbonate, ash should be sprayed in the shed. Compost Animal wastes must be Coordinate with Department composted using a simple pit method of Agriculture for technical or vermi-composting or efficient support and subsidies on composting methods such as NADEP. construction of composting units. Training on composting in coordination with the Department of Agriculture and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Loss of Encourage rearing of local disease Coordinate with Department livestock resistant, hardy varieties. of Animal Husbandry for diversity technical support on selection of suitable varieties.

TEG No.16 Dairy (Cow /Buffalo) and Milk Cooling (Producer Organization) Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Livestock Ensure availability of good quality See annexure 17 management animals (healthy, hardy, high yielding animals) with the help of qualified veterinary doctor Degradation of As far as possible avoid grazing on Coordinate with forest grazing land / designated forest lands. If grazing on department forest land forest land is unavoidable, take the required permit from the Forest Department. In case the forest is a protected area (wildlife sanctuary, national park), avoid grazing and instead rely on stall feeding, grazing on available community pasture lands, etc. Cultivation of suitable, fast growing Technical support and fodder species. training on fodder cultivation in coordination with the Department of Agriculture/Animal Husbandry and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Practice rotational grazing and rotational harvesting of green fodder from field bunds / marginal lands and wastelands. Sensitization of the Gram Panchayat and VDC on need to devise and monitor adoption of norms for rotational grazing and harvesting fodder from field bunds / marginal lands and wastelands. Practice stall feeding Use a chaff cutter to minimize wastage Coordinate with the of fodder Department of Animal Husbandry or the Provide recommended quantities of Cooperative Dairy Program fodder to animals: for technical support on Dry fodder, Wheat husk - 5 Kg / Cow, animal nutrition. 6 Kg/ Buffalo Green fodder - 20 Kg / Cow, Buffalo Sudana - 4 Kg / Cow, Buffalo A shed of 40 feet length, 25 feet wide and 10 feet high shed is sufficient for 20 cows / Buffaloes.

The shed must be located at least 15 metres away from the nearest drinking water source. The shed must have adequate ventilation, good drainage, and offer good protection from cold/heat/rain. The floor of the shed should be cleaned frequently and calcium carbonate, ash should be sprayed in the shed. Compost animal wastes using a simple Coordinate with Department pit method or vermi-composting or of Agriculture for technical efficient composting methods such as support and subsidies on NADEP. construction of composting units.

Construct shed on dry, properly raised ground. Avoid water-logging, marshy and heavy rainfall areas. The corners in mangers, troughs, drains and walls should be rounded for easy cleaning. Control external parasites (ticks, flies etc.) by spraying the pens, sheds with copper sulphate solution. Hygiene and Use clean utensils and handle milk in waste hygienic way management Wash milk utensils and cooling unit issues related to thoroughly as prescribed. the bulk milk cooling unit Loss of Encourage rearing of local disease Coordinate with Department livestock resistant, hardy varieties. of Animal Husbandry for diversity technical support on selection of suitable varieties.

TEG No.17 Pig farming Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Unhygienic There must be provision for a pig shed Coordination with the condition ( with adequate ventilation, good Department of Animal odour, flies, drainage, etc. Husbandry and Krishi Vigyan Kendra for technical health risk) support and training to Para workers / SHG members

The shed should be cleaned on a regular basis. Compost animal wastes using a simple pit method or vermi-composting or efficient composting methods such as NADEP. Ground burial of dead animals in wasteland.

TEG No.18 Donkey rearing / Horse keeping Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Unhygienic Provision of animal shed for more than Coordination with the condition two animals. Department of Animal Odour problem Husbandry and Krishi Vigyan Kendra for technical support and training to Para workers / SHG members

The shed must have adequate ventilation, good drainage, etc.

The floor of the shed should be cleaned on regular basis. Compost animal wastes using a simple pit method or vermi-composting or efficient composting methods such as NADEP.

The animal shed should be at least 15 m away from the drinking water sources.

Soil erosion Practice stall feeding or rotational Loss of grazing on community pasture lands. vegetation

TEG No.19 Backyard Poultry (Producer Organizations / Federations / SHGs) Level of Assessment : SHG activities – Low; PO activities medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Unhygienic Location: Coordinate with the relevant conditions Locate the poultry unit at a safe Government department (odour, health distance from residential areas. (Animal Husbandry) for technical support and risk, etc.) Space: Provision of recommended space and training to Para workers, ventilation. SHG members and Production Managers of Required space per full grown bird 2 Producer Organizations on for layers is 2300-2800 cm and for poultry management broilers is 2800-3700 cm2 Sanitation: Maintain sanitation in the poultry shed and ensure regular cleaning of the shed and the surrounding area. Poultry litter has high manure value - it can be stored in pits for proper decomposition and compost can be prepared by it.

Health aspects: Separate diseased birds from the shed and keep them separately Dispose dead birds properly either by burning or burying. Wear gloves, apron while disposing infected dead birds.

Additional guidelines on Disease Prevention:

1. Clean poultry sheds and equipment, balanced feed, fresh clean water, and healthy chicks are essential to prevent diseases. 2. Avoid entry of visitors to farm, especially inside the sheds. 3. Follow proper vaccination schedule. 4. Use high quality vaccines purchased from reputed manufacturers. Keep vaccines in cool, dry conditions away from sunlight. 5. Any left-over vaccine should be properly disposed off. Vaccines should not be used after their expiry date. 6. Any dead bird should be immediately removed from the shed and sent to laboratory for post-mortem or buried/burnt suitably away from the poultry sheds. 7. The waste of farm should be suitably disposed off. 8. Any bird showing advanced signs of a disease should be removed from the shed and culled. It can be sent to laboratory for diagnosis.

9. Poultry manure, if infected, can spread disease, from one batch to another. Keep the litter dry, remove it after flock is sold and dispose the manure properly and quickly. 10. Keep proper records on mortality and its causes and the treatment given to birds. Dates of vaccination for each flock should be properly recorded. 11. Rats are important carriers of poultry disease. Control rats. Use suitable rat poisons/rat traps. 12. Many poultry medicines can be given in drinking water. When medication is to be given, remove the waterers in poultry sheds on the previous evening. Next morning give medicine in measured quantity of water, so that entire medicine will be quickly consumed and there will be no wastage of medicines.

TEG No.20 Ecotourism Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Degradation of If the activity is in a designated forest Coordinate with the Forest the natural area (including reserve forest, wildlife Department for permissions habitat due to sanctuary, national park and forest and technical support. construction villages) take prior permission of the activities Forest Department. If the activity is in the immediate vicinity (within a distance of 5 km) of a protected forest (reserve forest, wildlife sanctuary or national park) consult the Forest Department on the measures to be included in the design and management to minimize any negative impact on wildlife. If the construction involves any felling of trees, take prior permission from the Forest Department and take up compulsory plantation in accordance with the guidelines of the Forest Department. Ensure that the location and design of the created facility is non-obtrusive and integrates safety, sanitation, waste management, etc. Damage to the Ensure that the eco-tourism facility In coordination with the natural habitat will not use illegal fuelwood or timber relevant Government and wildlife due or any other forest product. department (Forest to poor Ensure that the eco-tourism facility has Department, Eco-tourism management an efficient waste management system Board, etc.) train Para practices in the which includes – segregation of non- workers / SHG members in eco-tourism degradable wastes and their possible eco-tourism management. facility resale or disposal in a designated landfill site; and, composting of biodegradable wastes. Ensure that there is no open disposal of any wastes from the eco-tourism facility either by the management or by the visitors. Ensure that all regulations/guidelines of the Forest Department are strictly adhered to (for example, timings for entry into the forest). Damage to the Organize a systematic education and Coordinate with the Forest natural habitat awareness programme to tourists on Department to arrive at a and wildlife due importance of the natural habitat, its list of Dos and Don'ts for to irresponsible wildlife and its conservation (for visitors. visitor behaviour example, for each batch of visitors In coordination with the

99 have an orientation talk that includes relevant Government ’Dos and Don’ts’ to be followed). department (Forest Report any illegal activity Department, Eco-tourism damaging/threatening the natural Board, etc.) train habitat/wildlife by the visitors to the Paraworkers / SHG Forest Department (for example, members as eco-tourism poaching, teasing/harming wildlife, guides to conduct purchasing/selling any forest product education/awareness illegally – including NTFP, bush meat, programmes (talks, trails, etc.). etc.) for visitors.

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TEG No.21 Furniture making Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Loss of trees, Take requisite permission of the Forest Coordination with the depletion of Department prior to setting up the Forest Department for forest cover furniture unit. requisite permissions / permits.

Ensure that the wood is not procured from an illegal source.

Ensure that all wood used in the furniture making unit is purchased from a Government approved Depot. Ensure that proper records of proof of purchase are kept.

If any felling of trees is planned the requisite permit / permission shall be obtained from the Forest Department. Occupational Ensure use of appropriate safety health risks equipment (for example, dust mask). (respiratory problems due to Ensure that a complete First Aid kit is inhalation of fine available in the premises. saw dust, risk of accidents, etc.) Install fire extinguishers / sand buckets etc. in the unit.

Ensure that the unit (machinery) location is not easily accessible to children. Solid waste The waste generated such as saw dust, generation wood particles, unused wood, etc., is reused/sold for reuse.

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TEG No.22 Restaurant / Dhaba Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Poor Dispose waste/ wastewater in a Coordinate with management of properly designed soak pit. Agriculture relevant solid and liquid Government department (for example, Department wastes of Agriculture) for subsidies on composting units.

Segregate wastes. Non-biodegradable wastes must be disposed at a designated garbage collection point. Biodegradable wastes must be composted. Adopt composting / for bio degradation of Kitchen waste or dispose it in near by garbage disposal site. Ensure that there is no littering. Ensure that disposable plastic cups/ tumblers are not used. Issues with Ensure that illegally extracted fuelwood fuelwood is not used. burning – illegal It is preferable to use an LPG stove. extraction of fuel If a fuelwood stove has to be used, wood, indoor air ensure that it has an efficient design pollution (for example, a smokeless chulha, provision of chimney, etc.).

Risk to health Ensure that only facility of safe from unhygienic drinking water is used. conditions, Ensure that good housekeeping is unsafe Drinking practiced (for example, cleanliness of water, etc. utensils, protection of food from pests, etc.)

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TEG No.23 Fishery (Capture and Culture) Level of Assessment : Low

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Capture Loss of Do not adopt harmful fishing practices Coordinate with Department biodiversity such as use of dynamite or explosives, of Fisheries for technical poison and poisonous chemicals support and training on Activities such as bird-trapping, sustainable fishing turtle/terrapin trapping, etc. should not practices. be encouraged. Do not pump out water from tanks / reservoirs for irrigation without permission from competent authority. Overexploitation Fishing should not be done in of fish prescribed non-fishing season population (breeding season) as per the guidelines of the Department of Fisheries. Fishing nets with mesh size less than 4 cm should not be used. Culture Weed infestation Control water hyacinth / other weeds Coordination with the (also relevant to by periodic harvesting. relevant Government capture fishery) department (Fisheries, Minor Irrigation, etc.)

103

TEG No.24 Tanneries and animal hides Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Health risk to The unit must be located at least 500 nearby metres away from the nearest habitations habitation. Pollution of Encourage use of enzymes for de- Coordination with relevant water bodies due hairing process instead of chemicals Government departments to poor disposal Use paint, dip or spray method for (Cottage Industries, leather of liquid wastes application of enzymes so that amount research institutes, etc.) for of water required is reduced. technical inputs on clean production and waste management

Poor disposal of Ensure proper disposal of generated solid wastes solid waste (for example, deep burial, burning, etc.).

Additional Information on Solid Waste Management – Standards for Deep Burial 1. A pit or trench should be dug about 2 meters deep. It should be half filled with waste, and then covered with lime within 50 cm of the surface, before filling the rest of the pit with soil. 2. It must be ensured that animals do not have any access to burial sites. Covers of galvanized iron/wire meshes may be used. 3. On each occasion, when wastes are added to the pit, a layer of 10 cm of soil shall be added to cover the wastes. 4. Burial must be performed under close supervision. 5. The deep burial site should be relatively impermeable and no shallow well should be close to the site. 6. The pits should be distant from habitation, and sited so as to ensure that no contamination occurs of any surface water or ground water. The area should not be prone to flooding or erosion.

104

TEG No. 25 Dyeing and colouring units Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Loss of trees due Ensure that the fuelwood used in the to fuelwood use dyeing process is not illegally extracted. Use efficient stove design to reduce use of fuelwood, reduce indoor air pollution, etc. Pollution of soil The colored wastewater should be and water due to passed through activated charcoal or effluent small constructed wetlands before its containing land or water disposal. chemical Collaboration with relevant pigments and Government department, technical dyeing agents institution for finding cost effective techniques to reduce pollution of soil and water, increase fuel efficiency, etc.

Education and awareness to SHG workers on clean production and waste management. Occupational Use of safety gear (for example, hand health risks (for gloves, masks, etc.). example, skin irritation and breathing problems due to chemical agents and fumes )

105

TEG No. 26 Paddy cultivation

Level of Assessment : Medium

Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Extraction of Permit / permission for digging of Coordination with competent ground water bore well from competent authority. authority to secure permission (Impact on local for digging of bore well. Also ground water see TEG No. 1. aquifers) as Proper irrigation scheduling for Coordination with Department paddy cultivation efficient water use and adoption of of Agriculture, Krishi Vigyan requires standing water conservation measures Kendra for technical support waters at the and training of Para workers time of sowing. and Production Managers of Producer Organizations on suitable water management methods including irrigation schedule, farm-level water conservation, etc. Improper use of Soil testing chemical Coordination with Department fertilizers of Agriculture for ensuring soil (impact on soil testing with prompt results. health, crop nutrition, Coordination with Department contamination of of Agriculture, Krishi Vigyan local water Kendra for technical support bodies) and training of Para workers and Production Managers of Producer Organizations in integrated nutrient management for paddy.

106

Proper fertilizer scheduling and efficient application Coordination with Department of Agriculture for ensuring soil testing with prompt results.

Coordination with Department of Agriculture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra for technical support and training of Para workers and Production Managers of Producer Organizations in integrated nutrient management for paddy. Use of hazardous Integrated pest management without Coordination with Department chemical the use of pesticides in classes Ia, Ib, of Agriculture and Krishi pesticides and II of the WHO classification Vigyan Kendra to identify (impact on (Annex 11) suitable integrated pest human and management (IPM) package environmental using non-hazardous pesticides health) such as and training of Paraworkers / Parathion (Class Production Managers of IA), Producer Organizations in Phosphamidon identifying common pests of (Class IA), paddy, on the IPM package Carbofuran required, on safety measures in (Class IB), handling pesticides, etc. Monocrotophos The SHG federations / POs (Class IB), could provide efficient Cartap (Class II), spraying equipment and safety Quinalphos gear for sale/loan at reasonable cost to member farmers. Use of recommended safety measures and gear while using pesticides

107

TEG No. 27 NTFP collection Level of Assessment: Low (assessment must be done with technical support / consultation with the Forest Department) Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures

Risk of illegal Entitlement regime relating to NTFP Coordinate with the Forest extraction and may be obtained from the concerned Department at the district sale of NTFP Divisional Forest Officer who will level for the permit / also give details of access to the permission and working plan resource. for the NTFP collection. In case species where only state Coordinate with district trading is permitted, MFP federation cooperative union of the or the concerned cooperative society MFP federation for should be contacted for permission/ membership or agency. permit. In Joint Forest Management (JFM) Coordinate with the District areas, the Village Forest committee Forest Officer (DFO). (VFC) / Forest Protection Committee (FPC) should be contacted for appropriate permission. In areas where Village Panchayats Coordinate with the have been given the responsibility of respective panchyat NTFP management they should be authorities. contacted for tenure rights. Risk of The collection should be ecologically Coordinate with Forest unsustainable sustainable Department (and allied extraction of − It should be non destructive institutions such as the Forest NTFP harvesting research institute) for − It should be as per the technical support and training prescriptions of the working on sustainable NTFP plan of that forest division. harvesting to Para workers − If there is no working plan for and SHG members. the particular species in the concerned area then:

For leaf (Tendu Patta, Sal Coordinate with MP Minor leaf, Neem, etc.): Forest Produce Federation for a. Tree or branches should guidance on processing, not be felled / cut. marketing, certification, etc., • New leaves should not of NTFP. be plucked • Reasonable amount of leaf should be left for plant’s survival and health

For fruit (Aonla, Sal Seed, Bel, Neem, etc.)

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Only ripe fruit should be collected Felling of trees or lopping should be prohibited. Either few trees per acre should be left for regeneration or certain area should be earmarked for closure for fruit collection on rotational basis. Certain amount of fruit should be left for wild animal species. If fallen fruit is being collected 25% shall be left for regeneration.

For flower (Mahua, Palas, etc.) 1. The flower should be collected at the end of the flowering season. 2. Felling of trees or lopping should be prohibited. 3. 25 % of the fallen flowers shall be left on the forest floor.

For bark (Terminalia arjuna, Acacia sp, Neem, etc.) z Specific permission from the concerned authorities should be obtained for bark collection and conditions stipulated in the permission should be strictly adhered to. z The tree for bark collection should be above 60-90 cm girth, depending upon the species.

For gum (Guggle, Salai, Kullu, etc.)

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z Only mature trees should be selected for tapping z Working plan of the forest areas prescribes minimum girth for different species in the particular forest area – and this should be strictly observed. z The tapping should not be done on the same tree every year. z Depending on the species tapping regime of three to four years should be followed. z The blaze should not be deep enough to cause injury to the stem of the tree.

For root (Chlorophytum sp, Satawar, etc.)

z Only mature rhizome should be collected. z 1/3 rd of the rhizome shall be left for regeneration. z The seed clad species shall be uprooted only after falling of seeds. z Species such as Rowwolfia serpentina, Rasnavati that are rare/threatened should not be harvested. Guidance on such rare and threatened species must be taken from the Forest Department.

For all species: No fire should be ignited for ground clearing during collection of NTFP. Total removal of commodity should not be practiced. Grazing in the collection area should be prohibited.

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Rare and endangered species should not be collected. No harvesting shall be encouraged of keystone species.

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TEG No.28 Producer Organizations – Agriculture Level of Assessment : Medium

Note: • Take license to sell, stock, exhibit and distribute pesticides from the competent authority (Dy. Director, Agriculture.) • If pesticides are to be sold or stocked at more than one place, take separate licenses for every such place. • Display the license in a prominent part of the premises that is open to public. • Do not sell pesticides in classes Ia, Ib, and II (WHO Classification of Pesticides by Hazard) (see Annexe 11). • Do not sell pesticides without ISI Mark Certification. • Do not stock or sell any insecticide unless it is: properly packed, properly labelled (including name of active ingredient, expiry date, toxicity level, etc.) and the package includes information leaflet (including safety guidelines). • Do not change or remove any inscription or mark made by the manufacturer on the container, label or wrapper of any pesticide. • For sale of the insecticide Sulphur and its formulations, maintain a separate register showing names and addresses of all the persons to whom it has been sold or distributed and the quantities to be sold or distributed. • Do not sell or store pesticide in the same building where any articles consumable by human beings or animals are manufactured, stored or exposed for sale. Store in a separate room which is well built, dry, well-lit and ventilated and of sufficient size. • Immediately after the date of expiry segregate and stamp all such stocks as ’not for sale’ and keep in a separate place with clear sign displaying that it is date-expired pesticide. Dispose these stocks in an environment friendly manner taking advice from the Pollution Control Board. • Take license to sell fertilizers from the competent authority (Dy. Director, Agriculture). • Do not sell fertilizers without ISI Mark Certification. • For seed production obtain license from M.P. State Seed Certification Agency. • Do not sell non certified seed. • Sell seeds that conform to the minimum limits of germination and purity.

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Possible Issues Mitigation Measures Details of support for implementation of mitigation measures Sale of non- Maintain proper records of permissible procurement and sale of pesticides pesticides specifying the brand name and name of active ingredients. Use of non- No the use of pesticides in classes Ia, Coordination with permissible Ib, and II (WHO Classification of Department of Agriculture pesticides (during Pesticides by Hazard) (see Annexe 11) and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to storage of identify suitable integrated agricultural pest management (IPM) produce, seed package for common pests in storage, etc.) the region using non- hazardous pesticides Promoting Provide technical support to farmers Coordination with excessive and on integrated pest management, Department of Agriculture unsafe use of pesticide safety, etc. and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to pesticides provide training to farmers on suitable IPM package for common pests in the region using non- hazardous pesticides Stock and promote sale of safety gear to be used while handling pesticides (for example, hand gloves, plastic masks, etc.) Stock and sell inputs/equipment for Coordination with non-chemical pest management (neem Department of Agriculture oil, pheromone traps, etc.) and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to identify suitable Non- chemical Pest Management package for common pests in the region and to provide relevant training to farmers. Sale of fertilizers Maintain proper records of procurement and sale of fertilizers specifying the brand name and name of active ingredients. Promoting Stock and sell bio fertilizers and Coordination with excessive use of organic manures such as neem seed Department of Agriculture chemical cake, vermicompost, etc. and Krishi Vigyan Kendra to fertilizers identify suitable Integrated Nutrient Management package for the region

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Provide soil testing and fertilizer Coordination with recommendation services to member Department of Agriculture farmers for soil testing and recommendations

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Annexure 4 Generic TEG

z Points to note: To be used only if a Specific TEG is not available for the activity z To be filled by VDC with support from PFT for SHG Livelihood Plans in consultation with SHG members z To be filled by Environment Coordinator of DPSU for PO Business Plans in consultation with PO board members and staff z To be attached with SHG Livelihood Plan / PO Business Plan

Level of Assessment (tick): …………..Low ………….Medium Name of activity: Name of SHG/federation/Producer Group: Name of village: Name of District: Information required on Record observations here 1. Natural resources to be What natural resources will used in the activity be used for the activity (e.g., soil, tree products, ground water, fuel wood, etc.)? 2. What natural resources What natural resources will will be impacted by the be impacted (e.g., soil, activity? water, fodder, etc.)? Will the available natural resources be able to support the proposed activity? 3. What is the type of Is the impact on natural impact on the natural resources positive (e.g., any resources? protection, conservation, or enhancement of the natural resource)? Is the impact on natural resources negative (e.g., any degradation, overexploitation or pollution of the natural resource)? 4. If the impact is positive, What activities or practices what can be done to should be stressed to ensure enhance it? positive impacts?

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5. If the impact is negative, What environment friendly what can be done to remove alternatives exist to the or reduce it? proposed activity? What activities or practices should be stressed to remove or reduce negative impacts? 6. Is there a need for What is the training training to help manage the required on? Where is it impacts? available? By when is the training needed? 7. Is any other support needed to help manage the impacts?

Any other significant Information ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… I / we propose to follow the below written mitigation measures (as per the 4th and 5th rows of the Generic TEG). 1. 2. 3.

Names and signatures of SHG members / PO board members

Approved / Not approved

Signature of VDC representative (in case of SHG Livelihood Plan assessment):

Signature PFT member (in case of SHG Livelihood Plan assessment):Signature of Environment Coordinator, DPSU (in case of PO Business Plan assessment):

Signature of Environment Coordinator, SPSU (in case of PO Business Plan assessment)

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Annexure 5 Environmental Actions Agreement Form

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 1

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Tube Well/Bore well Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will adopt water recharging structures I/we will not use adulterated fuel in pumps I/we will maintain the minimum distance required between two bore well

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 2

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Dug well Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will adopt water recharging structures I/we will not use adulterated fuel in pumps

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 3

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Dug well/hand pump/ bore well for drinking water Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will discharge the used water/ excess water through pucca drain at least 10 m away from the source. I/we will maintain the minimum distance required from the community latrines. I/we will construct parapet wall around the open well and will cover it properly.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 4

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Pond/ tank/check dam construction Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will do compensatory plantation in case of cutting / submergence of trees. I/we will install silt catching structure in the tributary drains. I/we will not increase the height of stop dam above 5 m. I/we will not dispose the non bio/bio-degradable in to the pond/ tank. I /we will prepare a feasibility report by qualified engineer.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 5

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Community hall construction Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will do compensatory plantation in case of cutting of trees. I/we will provide ventilation and entry of natural light. I/we will provide sanitation facility with hall. I/we will construct as per approved design of qualified engineer.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 6

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Sanitation facility Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will construct septic tank/ soak pit 50 m away from drinking water source. I/we will construct latrines requiring low flushing water.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 7

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Concrete / WBM road Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will do compensatory plantation in case of cutting of trees. I/we will construct as per approved design of qualified engineer. I/we will not obstruct natural drainage system

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 8

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Agriculture Paddy cultivation Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will use IPM and INM as per the guidance of block agriculture office instruction. I/we will not use pesticides that are classified by the WHO as falling in Class 1a, 1b and II. I/we will use efficient spraying equipment to prevent wastage & contamination. I/we will get soil tested. I/we will take permission and adopt recharge system in case of use of ground water for the purpose of irrigation

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 9

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Agriculture/Vegetable cultivation / fruit cultivation Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will use IPM and INM as per the guidance of block agriculture office instruction. I/we will not use pesticides that are classified by the WHO as falling in Class 1a, 1b and II. I/we will use efficient spraying equipment to prevent wastage & contamination. I/we will get soil tested. I/we will take permission and adopt recharge system in case of use of ground water for the purpose of irrigation.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 10

Category: Environmentally Pro-active Name of the Activity: NADEP/Bio gas Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will do proper operation and maintenance of the system. I/we will ensure that there will not be mosquito breeding

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 11

Category: Livestock Name of the Activity: Diary/Goat & Sheep rearing/Poultry/ Pig farming/ Donkey rearing / Horse keeping Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will not allow animals to graze in protected / reserved forest without requisite permission. I/we will use the waste /dung for composting or briquette or will generate biogas. I/we will dispose the dead birds properly either by burning or burying. I/we will do required vaccination of birds/ animals. I/we will maintain of sanitation in livestock shed / poultry shed. I/we will Maintain Proper fodder management and encourage stall feeding.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 12

Category: Forest Name of the Activity: Eco-tourism Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will not allow visitors to litter in the demarcated area. I/we will take prior permission from the concerned authority for ecological feasibility of locations. I/we will take measures to avoid plucking of forest products.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 13

Category: Other Income Generating activities Name of the Activity: Furniture Making Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will purchase timber from forest out lets. I/we will Install the fire fighting equipments

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 14

Category: Food, Hotel & Restaurant Name of the Activity: Roadside eateries/ Dhaba Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will adopt measures management of solid and liquid wastes I/we will not use illegal or adulterated I /we will use safe water for drinking purpose.

Signature,Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 15

Category: Fishery Name of the Activity: Fishery (capture / culture) Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will use the approved size of vessel and net. I/we will not adopt harmful fishing practices. I/we will not do fishing in breeding season.

Signature,Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 16

Category: Other Income Generating activities Name of the Activity: Tanneries and animal hide Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will avoid pollution of water bodies. I/we will use protective gears to avoid health related problems.

Signature,Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 17

Category: Other Income Generating activities Name of the Activity: Dying and colouring units Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will do the activity only in properly ventilated area. I/we will avoid pollution of water bodies. I/we will use protective gears to avoid health related problems.

Signature,Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 18

Category: Agriculture / Land Based Name of the Activity: Crop producer organizations Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will take all required licenses and approval as per the TEG. I/we will use mask and gloves during operation and activities in warehouse and dealing with pesticides. I/we will abide the guideline given in the TEG of the project.

Signature,Name and address of the SHG / PO:

Environmental Actions Agreement Form 19

Category: Livestock Name of the Activity: Poultry producer organizations Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will use mask and gloves during operation and activities specially dealing with dead birds. I/we will abide the guideline given in the TEG of the project. I/we will healthy housing conditions for the poultry.

Signature,Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 20

Category: Livestock Name of the Activity: Dairy (including bulk cooling) producer organizations Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will select healthy, high yielding animals with the help of qualified veterinary/animal husbandry officer/ doctor. I/we will take appropriate permission from the concerned forest department for grazing in forest areas. I/we will ensure hygienic housing conditions for animals. I/we will ensure Hygiene of product. I/we will ensure safe disposal of wastewater. I/we will encourage stall feeding of animals. I/we have gone through the TEG and abide the guideline given in the TEG of the activity.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Environmental Actions Agreement Form 21

Category: Forest Name of the Activity: NTFP collection Assessed by______Level of Assessment: ______We propose to do ______activity. We have participated in the environmental assessment of this activity using the TEG No. ______. We have also taken technical support from ______in the assessment process. We agree to undertake the following actions in order to mitigate any negative environmental impacts: I/we will take prior permission from the concerned authority for collection of NTFP. I/we will adopt sustainable harvesting practices as per working plan of the area and as per the guidelines provided in theTEG.

Signature, Name and address of the SHG / PO:

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Annexure 6 Drinking Water Quality Testing Water quality of drinking water well / hand pump should be tested, as per given list and as per testing result treatment should be given. Report of water quality testing should be attached with the file. The Tolerance limit for water subjected to pollution (As per Indian Standards IS : 2296 –1982) Drinking water with out treatment but after disinfection

Characteristics Tolerance Limit PH value 6.5-8.5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l; Min. 6 BOD mg/l; Max. 2 Total coliform org. MPN/100ml; max. 50 Colour Hazen Units Max. 10 Taste Tasteless Odour Unobjectionable Total dissolved solids mg/l; Max. 500 Total Hardness mg/l; Max. 300 Calcium hardness mg/l; Max. 200 Magnesium Hardness mg/l; Max. 100 Copper mg/l; Max. 1.5 Iron mg/l; Max. 0.3 Manganese mg/l; Max. 0.5 Chlorides mg/l; Max. 250 Sulphates mg/l; Max. 400 Nitrates mg/l; Max. 20 Fluorides mg/l; Max. 1.5 Zinc mg/l; Max. 15 Chromium mg/l; Max. 0.05

Bacteriological Quality (As per BIS IS-10500-1983) ƒ Throughout any year 95% of sample should not contain any Coliform org. in 100 ml. ƒ No sample should contain E. Coli in 100 ml. ƒ No sample should contain more than 10 Coliform org. per 100 ml ƒ Coliform Org. should not be detectable in 100 ml of any two consecutive samples

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Annexure 7

List of PHED Offices of the Districts (for Drinking Water Quality Testing) District Address Officer Telephone e-mail Address Number Rewa Executive Engineer 07662-251416 [email protected] PHED Office Rewa Sidhi Executive Engineer 07822-252296 [email protected] PHED Office Sidhi Panna Executive Engineer 07732-252084 [email protected] PHED Office Panna Damoh Executive Engineer 07582-224269 [email protected] PHED Office Sagar Narsinghpur Executive Engineer 07792-230210 [email protected] PHED Office Narsinghpur Chhatarpur Executive Engineer 07682-248252 [email protected] PHED Office Chhatarpur Sagar Executive Engineer 07582-224269 [email protected] PHED Office Sagar Tikamgarh Executive Engineer 07683-242406 [email protected] PHED Office Tikamgarh Raisen Executive Engineer 07482-222095 [email protected] PHED Office Raisen Vidisha Executive Engineer 07592-250663 [email protected] PHED Office Vidisha Guna Executive Engineer 07542-252358 [email protected] PHED Office Guna Shivpuri Executive Engineer 07492-223269 [email protected] PHED Office Shivpuri Rajgarh Executive Engineer 07372-255070 [email protected] PHED Office Rajgarh Shajapur Executive Engineer 07364-228862 [email protected] PHED Office Shajapur

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Annexure 8

Block wise safe / critical and over exploited zone of ground water Chhatarpur Bijawar Safe Zone Chhatarpur Nowgaon Safe Zone Chhatarpur Rajnagar Safe Zone Damoh Patera Safe Zone Damoh Tendukheda Safe Zone Guna Aron Safe Zone Guna Bamori Safe Zone Guna Chachaura Safe Zone Guna Raghogarh Safe Zone Narsinghpur Chichli Safe Zone Narsinghpur Gotegaon Safe Zone Narsinghpur Narsinghpur Safe Zone Panna Ajaigarh Safe Zone Panna Panna Safe Zone Panna Pawai Safe Zone Panna Shahnagar Safe Zone Raisen Gairatganj Safe Zone Raisen Silwani Safe Zone Rajgarh Biaora Safe Zone Rajgarh Jirapur Safe Zone Rajgarh Khilchipur Safe Zone Rajgarh Rajgarh Safe Zone Rewa Hanumana Safe Zone Rewa Jawa Safe Zone Rewa Mauganj Safe Zone Rewa Naigarhi Safe Zone Rewa Raipurkarchulian Safe Zone Rewa Sirmore Safe Zone Sagar Deori Safe Zone Sagar Jaisinagar Safe Zone Sagar Kesli Safe Zone Shajapur Barod Critical Zone Shajapur Susner Safe Zone Shajapur Agar Safe Zone Shivpuri Kolaras Safe Zone Shivpuri Pichhore Safe Zone Shivpuri Pohri Safe Zone Shivpuri Shivpuri Safe Zone Sidhi Chitrangi Safe Zone Sidhi Kusmi Safe Zone Sidhi Rampur Naikin Safe Zone Sidhi Sidhi Safe Zone

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Tikamgarh Baldeogarh Safe Zone Tikamgarh Niwari Safe Zone Tikamgarh Prithvipur Safe Zone Tikamgarh Tikamgarh Safe Zone Vidisha Lateri Safe Zone Vidisha Sironj Safe Zone • Information collected from Central Ground water Board, Bhopal

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Annexure 9 Pest Management Plan / IPM MPDPIP II does not propose to directly finance the use of pesticides. However, the Producer Organizations promoting agriculture would promote use of Plant Protection Chemicals (PPC). Few sub-projects in MPDPIP proposed for funding through Livelihood Investment Fund component could have implications on pest management. These are relevant in the context of the Bank’s Operational Policy OP 4.09 Pest Management. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the provisions of the Bank’s Operational Policy are met. Drawing from the experience of MPDPIP the possible sub-projects that would involve pest management practices are as follows: • Vegetable and other Cash Crops • Horticulture • Soybean cultivation Given that MPDPIP II focuses on working with poor, the usage of PPC is expected to be relatively low when compared to the state and national averages. But given the potential induced impact of increasing pesticide use in the project area as a result of agricultural activities, a Pest Management Plan is required. In all agricultural activities planned to be supported under the project, pest populations are normally planned to be controlled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches, such as biological control, cultural practices, and the development and use of crop varieties that are resistant or tolerant to the pest. IPM is also one of the important components of GoMP’s agriculture development programme, which is being implemented throughout the state. A simple Management Plan emphasizing the promotion of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) activities in the project area has been developed. The Approach of IPM in MPDPIP II will include basically the following: • Improving farmer’s awareness of the health hazards of misuse and mishandling of PPC and the advantages of IPM. • Improving awareness and training for proper handling, usage, storage, and proper disposal of containers of PPC. • Increasing awareness about efficacy and advantages of eco-friendly alternatives of chemical pesticides. • Promoting use and manufacturing of bio-pesticides. • Training and demonstrations related to the use of IPM techniques and practices. • Dissemination of information about traditional practices used for the control of insect/pests. • Integration of IPM into a package of practices for the area. • Improving the information and knowledge base on pests, chemical pesticide use, and health.

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• Impacts, IPM use and trends across the regions. This would be included in the monitoring and evaluation schedule suggested for the project. • Development of promotional material, dissemination of IPM through field demonstrations canvassing through PFT members and Producer Organizations • Exposure of MPDPIP II staff and others engaged in the implementation of the project to IPM through integration of IPM in training .

Approach Sub-projects that use pesticides justified under an IPM approach will only be encouraged. However, all such sub-projects will necessarily adopt the guidelines for safe use. With respect to the classification of pesticides and their specific formulations, the project refers to the World Health Organization’s Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95). Training on pest management, safe use of pesticides will form a part of the EMF. Any sub-project, which involves use of chemical pesticides, will include training on IPM and on safe pesticide use. The project may also coordinate demonstrations on the IPM approach with the support of relavent Government departments like Agriculture and Negative list of Sub-projects 1. Sub-projects that plan usage of banned pesticides will be not sanctioned. The list of banned pesticides is provided in Annex 10 2. Sub-projects requiring use of agrochemicals in WHO Classes IA, IB and II as provided in the Annex 11 will not be assisted.

Policy & Regulatory Issues: The Government of India as well as the State Government is striving hard to discourage the use of hazardous PPC and to promote the use of environmental friendly techniques as IPM encourages the use of botanicals, pheromones, bio-control agents and microbial pesticides. The Prevention of Food Adulteration (PFA) Act is the policy tool, which regulates the quality of food products manufactured, sold and consumed in India. Under this act, pesticides are noted contaminants and are defined as harmful to human health. The Insecticide Act of 1968 ensures supply of quality pesticides to farmers and safe use.. Monitoring and Evaluation: The agency taking up the periodic external environmental audit of the MPDPIP II project would be advised to evaluate the IPM component based on certain parameters. The M & E of IPM will be based on pre-defined parameters such as adoption of companion cropping system, planting of trap crops, following crop rotations, adoption of biological and mechanical methods of pest control, adoption of bio-pesticides, etc. Guidelines on Safe Use of Pesticides Protective measures such as use of safety gear and education of users are crucial to ensure that no negative health impacts result from pesticide use. Manufacturers of

134 pesticides provide detailed instructions on the container labels on the precautions, proper use, antidote, etc. These instructions must be adhered to in full during the application of pesticides. In addition, some general precautions are listed under:

1. Avoid making cocktails of insecticides. If necessary, then each should be used in recommended dose. 2. Use two-piece protective clothing, hand gloves, a cap, a full pant, a full-sleeved shirt and boots, and preferably a face shield. 3. Spray during cooler hours of the day. Spray along the wind, not against it. 4. Wash the spray equipment at the end of the day 5. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or chew tobacco during spraying. 6. No not allow children to work in fields where spraying is being or has recently been done. 7. After handling or spraying pesticides wash hands, face, legs, with soap and water before eating, drinking, smoking or chewing tobacco. 8. Seal cuts and wounds with medicated waterproof tape before spraying. 9. Provide first aid in case of poisoning. List of Some Commonly Used Banned Pesticides 1 Aldrin 2 Benzene Hexa Chloride (BHC) 3 Calcium Cyanide 4 Chlordane 5 Copper acetoarbenite 6 Dibromocworopropane (DBCP) 7 Endrin 8 Ethyl Mercury Chloride 9 Ethyl Parathion 10 Heptachlor 11 Manzona 12 Methomyl 24% Formulation 13 Nicotine Sulphate 14 Nitrofen 15 Paraquate dimethyl sulphate 16 Penta chloro nitrobenzene (PCNB)

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17 Penta chlorophenol (PCP) 18 Phenyl Mercury Acetate (PMA) 19 Sodium Methane Arsonate(MSMA) 20 Tetradifon 21 Toxaphene 22 Phosohamidon 85% SL 23 Methomyl 12.5% L 24 Aldicarb 25 Chlorbenzilate 26 Dieldrin 27 Ethyl Dibromide (EDB) 28 Maleic Hydrazide 29 Trichloro Acetic Acid (TCA) 30 Aluminium Phosphamide 31 Carbofuran 505 WP 32 Captafal 80% 33 Malathian 25 DP & 50% EC 34 Methoxy ethyl mertcury chloride (MECE)

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Annexure 10

Pesticides banned in India Pesticides Banned for manufacture, import and use (25 No.s) 1. Aldrin 2. Benzene Hexachloride 3. Calcium Cyanide 4. Chlordane 5. Copper Acetoarsenite 6. Cibromochloropropane 7. Endrin 8. Ethyl Mercury Chloride 9. Ethyl Parathion 10. Heptachlor 11. Menazone 12. Nitrofen 13. Paraquat Dimethyl Sulphate 14. Pentachloro Nitrobenzene 15. Pentachlorophenol 16. Phenyl Mercury Acetate 17. Sodium Methane Arsonate 18. Tetradifon 19. Toxafen 20. Aldicarb 21. Chlorobenzilate 22. Dieldrine 23. Maleic Hydrazide 24. Ethylene Dibromide 25. TCA (Trichloro acetic acid) Pesticide Withdrawn (7 No.s) 1. Dalapon 2. Ferbam 3. Formothion 4. Nickel Chloride 5. Paradichlorobenzene (PDCB) 6. Simazine 7. Warfarin Pesticides restricted for use in India 1. Aluminium Phosphide 2. DDT 3. Lindane 4. Methyl Bromide 5. Methyl Parathion 6. Sodium Cyanide 7. Methoxy Ethyl Merciru Chloride (MEMC) 8. Monocrotophos(ban for use on vegetables)

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Annexure 11

Pesticide Classification List as per WHO (World Health Organization)’s Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95).

Extremely hazardous (Class Ia) technical grade active ingredients of pesticides

Aldicarb Flocoumafen Brodifacoum Fonofos Bromadiolone Hexachlorobenzene Bromethalin Mercuric chloride Calcium cyanide Mevinphos Captafol Parathion Chlorethoxyfos Parathion-methyl Chlormephos Phenylmercury acetate Chlorophacinone Phorate Difenacoum Phosphamidon Difethialone Sodium fluoroacetate Diphacinone Sulfotep Disulfoton Tebupirimfos Ethoprophos Terbufos

Highly hazardous (Class Ib) technical grade active ingredients of pesticides

Acrolein Famphur Allyl alcohol Fenamiphos Azinphos-ethyl Flucythrinate Azinphos-methyl Fluoroacetamide Blasticidin-S Formetanate Butocarboxim Furathiocarb Butoxycarboxim Heptenophos Cadusafos Isazofos Calcium arsenate Isofenphos Carbofuran Isoxathion Chlorfenvinphos Lead arsenate 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol Mecarbam Coumaphos Mercuric oxide Coumatetralyl Methamidophos Zeta-cypermethrin Methidathion Demeton-S-methyl Methiocarb Dichlorvos Methomyl Dicrotophos Monocrotophos Dinoterb Nicotine Edifenphos Omethoate Ethiofencarb Oxamyl

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Oxydemeton-methyl Tefluthrin Paris green [C] Thallium sulfate Pentachlorophenol Thiofanox Pindone Thiometon Pirimiphos-ethyl Triazophos Propaphos Vamidothion Propetamphos Warfarin Sodium arsenite Zinc phosphide Sodium cyanide Strychnine

Moderately hazardous (Class II) technical grade active ingredients of pesticides

Alanycarb Cyphenothrin Anilofos Deltamethrin Azaconazole Diazinon Azocyclotin Difenzoquat Bendiocarb Dimethoate Benfuracarb Dinobuton Bensulide Diquat Bifenthrin Endosulfan Bilanafos Endothal-sodium Bioallethrin Esfenvalerate Bromoxynil Ethion Bromuconazole Etrimfos Bronopol Fenazaquin Butamifos Fenitrothion Butylamine Fenobucarb Carbaryl Fenpropidin Carbosulfan Fenpropathrin Cartap Fenthion Chloralose Fentin acetate Chlordane Fentin hydroxide Chlorfenapyr Fenvalerate Chlorphonium chloride Fipronil Chlorpyrifos Fluxofenim Clomazone Formothion Copper sulfate Fuberidazole Cuprous oxide Gamma-HCH Cyanazine Guazatine Cyanophos Haloxyfop Cyfluthrin Heptachlor Beta-cyfluthrin Imazalil Cyhalothrin Imidacloprid Cypermethrin Iminoctadine Alpha-cypermethrin Ioxynil

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Ioxynil octanoate Propoxur Isoprocarb Prosulfocarb Lambda-cyhalothrin Prothiofos Mercurous chloride Pyraclofos Metaldehyde Pyrazophos Metam-sodium Pyrethrins Methacrifos Pyroquilon Methasulfocarb Quinalphos Methyl isothiocyanate Quizalofop-p-tefuryl Metolcarb Rotenone Metribuzin Sodium fluoride Molinate Sodium hexafluorosilicate Nabam Spiroxamine Naled Sulprofos Paraquat Terbumeton Pebulate Tetraconazole Permethrin Thiacloprid Phenthoate Thiobencarb Phosalone Thiocyclam Phosmet Thiodicarb Phoxim Triazamate Piperophos Trichlorfon Pirimicarb Tricyclazole Prallethrin Tridemorph Profenofos Vernolate Propiconazole Xylylcarb

Slightly hazardous (Class III) technical grade ingredients of pesticides

Acephate Copper oxychloride Acetochlor Cycloate Acifluorfen Cyhexatin Alachlor Cymoxanil Allethrin Cyproconazole Ametryn Dazomet Amitraz Desmetryn Azamethiphos Dicamba Bensultap Dichlormid Bentazone Dichlorobenzene Bromofenoxim Dichlorophen Butroxydim Dichlorprop Chinomethionat Diclofop Chlormequat (chloride) Dienochlor Chloroacetic acid Diethyltoluamide Chlorthiamid Difenoconazole Copper hydroxide Dimepiperate

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Dimethachlor Myclobutanil Dimethametryn 2-Napthyloxyacetic acid Dimethipin Nitrapyrin Dimethylarsinic acid Nuarimol Diniconazole Octhilinone Dinocap N-octylbicycloheptene Diphenamid dicarboximide Dithianon Oxadixyl Dodine Paclobutrazol Empenthrin Pendimethalin Esprocarb Pimaricin Etridiazole Pirimiphos-methyl Fenothiocarb Prochloraz Ferimzone Propachlor Fluazifop-p-butyl Propanil Fluchloralin Propargite Flufenacet Pyrazoxyfen Fluoroglycofen Pyridaben Flurprimidol Pyridaphenthion Flusilazole Pyridate Flutriafol Pyrifenox Fomesafen Quinoclamine Furalaxyl Quizalofop Glufosinate Resmethrin Hexazinone Sethoxydim Hydramethylnon Simetryn Iprobenfos Sodium chlorate Isoprothiolane Sulfluramid Isoproturon Tebuconazole Isouron Tebufenpyrad Malathion Tebuthiuron MCPA-thioethyl Thiram Mecoprop Tralkoxydim Mecoprop-P Triadimefon Mefluidide Triadimenol Mepiquat Tri-allate Metalaxyl Triclopyr Metamitron Triflumizole Metconazole Undecan-2-one Methylarsonic acid Uniconazole Metolachlor Ziram

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Technical grade active ingredients of pesticides unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use

Aclonifen Chloridazon Acrinathrin Chlorimuron Alloxydim Chlorothalonil Amitrole Chlorotoluron Ammonium sulfamate Chlorpropham Ancymidol Chlorpyrifos methyl Anthraquinone Chlorsulfuron Asulam Chlorthal-dimethyl Atrazine Chlozolinate Azimsulfuron Cinmethylin Azoxystrobine Cinosulfuron Benalaxyl Clofentezine Benazolin Clomeprop Benfluralin Clopyralid Benfuresate Cloxyfonac Benomyl Cryolite [C] Benoxacor Cycloprothrin Bensulfuron-methyl Cyclosulfamuron Bifenox Cycloxydim Bioresmethrin Cyhalofop Biphenyl Cyromazine Bispyribac Daimuron Bitertanol Dalapon Borax Daminozide Bromacil Desmedipham Bromobutide Diafenthiuron Bromopropylate Dichlobenil Bupirimate Dichlofluanid Buprofezin Diclomezine Butachlor Dicloran Butralin Diclosulam Butylate Diethofencarb Captan Diflubenzuron Carbendazim Diflufenican Carbetamide Dikegulac Carboxin Dimefuron Carpropamid Dimethirimol Chlomethoxyfen Dimethomorph Chloramben Dimethyl phthalate Chloransulam methyl Dinitramine Chlorbromuron Dipropyl isocinchomerate Chlorfluazuron Dithiopyr

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Diuron Imazamethabenzmethyl Dodemorph Imazapyr Ethalfluralin Imazaquin Ethephon ImazethapyrImibenconazole Ethirimol Inabenfide Ethofumesate Iprodione Etofenprox Iprovalicarb Famoxadone Isoxaben Fenarimol Kasugamycin Fenbutatin oxide Lenacil Fenchlorazole Linuron Fenclorim Maleic hydrazide Fenfuram Mancozeb Fenhexamid Maneb Fenoxycarb Mefenacet Fenpiclonil Mepanipyrim Fenpropimorph Mepronil Fenuron Metazachlor Fenuron-TCA Methabenzthiazuron Ferbam Methoprene Flamprop Methoxychlor Flucarbazone-sodium Methyldymron Flucycloxuron Metiram Flufenoxuron Metobromuron Flumetralin Metosulam Flumetsulam Metoxuron Fluometuron Metsulfuron methyl Flupropanate Monolinuron Flupyrsulfuron 2-(1-Naphthyl) acetamide Flurenol 1-Naphthylacetic acid Fluridone Napropamide Flurochloridone Naptalam Fluroxypyr Neburon Fluthiacet Niclosamide Flutolanil Nicosulfuron tau-Fluvalinate Nitrothal-isopropyl Folpet Norflurazon Fosamine Ofurace Fosetyl Oryzalin Gibberellic acid Oxabetrinil Glyphosate Oxadiazon Hexaconazole Oxine-copper Hexaflumuron Oxycarboxin Hexythiazox Oxyfluorfen Hydroprene Penconazole Hymexazol Pencycuron

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Pentanochlor Simazine Phenmedipham Spinosad Phenothrin Sulfometuron Phenylphenol Sulphur Phosphorus acid Tebutam Phthalide Tecnazene Picloram Teflubenzuron Piperonyl butoxide Temephos Pretilachlor Terbacil Primisulfuron Terbuthylazine Probenazole Terbutryn Procymidone Tetrachlorvinphos Prodiamine Tetradifon Prometon Tetramethrin Prometryn Thiabendazole Propamocarb Thidiazuron Propaquizafop Thifensulfuron-methyl Propazine Thiophanate-methyl Propham Tiocarbazil Propineb Tolclofos-methyl Propyzamide Tolylfluanid Pyrazolynate Transfluthrin Pyrazosulfuron Triasulfuron Pyrimethanil Tribenuron Pyriminobac Trietazine Pyriproxyfen Triflumuron Pyrithiobac sodium Trifluralin Quinclorac Triflusulfuron-methyl Quinmerac Triforine Quinoxyfen Triticonazole Quintozene Validamycin Rimsulfuron Vinclozolin Siduron Zine

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Annexure 12 Seed of only those varieties, which are notified under section 5 of the seeds Act, 1966, shall be eligible for certification. MAJOR KHARIF CROP VARIETIES FOR SEED PRODUCTION PROGRAMME S.NO.. CROPS VARIETIES 1 SOYBEAN JS-335, JS 93-05, JS 95-60, JS-72-280, JS-75-46, JS-80- 21, MACS-13, MACS-58, MACS-124, MAUS-47, PUSA- 16 , PANJAB-1, AHILYA-1, AHILYA-2, AHILYA-3,PK- 416, PK-472, PK-1024, PK-1029, PK1042 2 GROUNDNUT J-11, JL-24, AK-12-24,GG-20, TAG-24 3 URD T-9, JU-3, JU-2, TPU-4, WBU-108, BARKHA, PDU-1, PDU-2, PU-10,TAU-1,TAU-2 4 MOONG HUM-1, K-851, JM-721, BM-4, TARM-2, TM 99-37 5 ARHAR ICPL-87, MA-3, NO.-148, T-21, ICPL-87-119, P-9, P-33, P-855, JA-4, JKM-7 6 BHINDI PARBHANI KRANTI, PSP-7 7 PADDY PURNIMA, PNR-381, MAHAMAYA,MTU-1010, IR-64, IR-36, SWARNA, ADITYA, TULSI, PUSA SUGANDHA-2, PUSA SUGANDHA-3, PUSA BASMATI, ANNDA, JD-75, KALINGA-3, MASURI, P- 667, GOVINDA, JR-345, KALIGA-3, TRIGUNA 8 Hy. Cotton JKH-1, H-6, H-8, H10, DCH-32 9 COTTON KHANDWA-2, VIKRAM, D-3, LRA-51-66, A-51-9, MALJHIRI, LRK-516 10 HY. MAIZE GANGA-5 & GANGA-2, PUSA EARLY HYBRID-1, PUSA EARLY HYBRID-2 11 MAIZE AMAR, CHANDAN-3, KANCHAN, PUSA COMPOSIT- 2, NLD, JM-8, JM-216 12 HY. JOWAR CSH-5, CSH-6, CSH-9, 13 JOWAR JJ-1041, JJ-938, CSV-15, SPV-462, SPV-741 14 BAJRA WCC-75, ICTP-8203, JBV-2 15 CHILLI PUSA JWALA, JAYANTI, J-218 16 TIL G-1, TKG-21, TKG-22, TKG-55 17 RAMTIL IGP-76, JNC-1, UTAKMAND Source : http://www.ssca.mp.gov.in/ENGISSCAALLabt123.htm

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Annexure 13 Ground Water Recharging Structure The recharge structure as shown in figure below can be used for bore well recharging. A perforated pipe covered by Jute rope should be used for recharging purpose.

Ground Water Recharging Structure The recharge structure as shown in figure below can be used for dug well recharge. Rainwater after filtering is diverted to dug wells. Cleaning and desilting of dug well should be done regularly to enhance the recharge rate

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Ground Water Recharging Structure The recharge structure as shown in figure below can be used for Hand Pump recharging. A perforated Pipe covered by Jute rope should be used for recharging purpose.

Recharging by Hand pump water The wastewater from Hand pump is collected by drain and put into the pit. Recharge pits are small pits of rectangular, square or circular shape constructed with brick or stone masonry wall with weep hole at regular intervals. The top of pit can be covered with perforated covers. The bottom of pit should be filled with filter media.

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Annexure 14

Biogas Plant Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. It also has traces of hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, oxygen, hydrogen, water vapour etc., depending upon feed materials and other conditions. Biogas is generated by fermentation of cellulose rich organic matter under anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions the methane-producing bacteria become & more actives. Thus, the gas produced becomes rich in methane. Biogas is one of the renewable sources of energy receiving popularity in rural areas and has successfully met the cooking energy needs of families. The optimum utilization depends upon the successful physical installations, which in turn depend upon plant design and its selection. Potential Gas Production from Different Feed Stocks Normal feed Gas yield S. Gas yield per availability per Type of feed stock per day No. kg. (Cu.m) animal per day kg (Cu.m) (wet weight) 1 Cow dung 0.036 10.0 0.36 2 Buffalo dung 0.036 15.0 0.54 3 Camel dung 0.056 6.0 0.336 4 Horse dung 0.045 10.0 0.45 5 Sheep dug 0.042 1.0 0.042 6 Pig (Approx. 50 kg) 0.08 2.25 0.18 7 Chicken (Approx 2 kg) 0.062 0.18 0.011 8 Human excreta 0.07 0.40 0.28 Biogas is a zero waste technology. The products of biogas plants, like biogas and digested slurry can be utilized economically for cooking and as manure for agriculture and horticulture. Biogas is a non-poisonous and non-toxic gases which when mixed with air burns with blue flame, without soot or any offensive smell. The slurry is rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, potash and humus material. It has good applications in agriculture and horticulture. Composition of biogas and slurry composition of biogas The composition of Biogas is as below: i) Methane (CH4): 55-70% ii) Carbon dioxide (CO2): 30 - 45% iii) Nitrogen (N2) : 1 -2% iv) Hydrogen (H2) : In small traces v) Carbon Monoxide (CO) : In small traces vi) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) : In small traces

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Number of Cattle Required for Different Capacity of Plants and Family sizes Amount of wet S. Size of plant Approximate no. Approximate family dung required No. (m3) of cattle required size daily (kg) 1 1 25 2-4 1-4 2 2 50 4-5 5-8 3 3 75 6-8 9-12 4 4 100 9-10 13-16 5 6 150 11-15 17-22 6 8 200 13-16 23-26 7 10 250 17-20 27-32 Composition of slurry The composition of Slurry is as under: i) Nitrogen (N2) : 1.5% ii) Phosphorous (P2O5) : 0.4% iii) Potash (K20) :2.2% Raw materials for biogas generation In India, we have large population of cattle and animals. About 43 million families own more than four cattle, which is minimum number of cattle required to own a small biogas plant. For biogas, various crop residues, aquatic plants and animal dung can be used as feedstock. The potential gas production from different feed stock is given in the table: Types of biogas plants The common types of biogas plants are : (a) KVIC floating drum type (b) Janata fixed dome type (c) Deenbandhu fixed dome type (d) Shramik Bandhu biogas plant

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KVIC floating drum type This is one of the most commonly used biogas plants in India. In this type of plant, the gas is stored in a metallic drum (which is inverted upside down and which moves on a guided frame according to quantity of gas stored in it). The gasholder rests on a guide frame, which is fixed in digester walls. The KVIC type plant consists of inlet tank, outlet tank, gasholder, digester, inlet-outlet pipes and partition wall. The cow dung and water is mixed in 4:5 proportion respectively and agitated thoroughly in the inlet tank. Pipe cover is open so the mixture can go into digester. In the digester, the reaction takes place and biogas is produced. Heating Value of Various Fuel used for cooking and their Replacement S. No. Name of fuel Heating value Replacement value 1 Biogas 4713 K Cal/cu. M 1.0 m3 2 Electricity 860 K Cal/cu. M 4.968 Kwh 3 Fuel wood 4700 K Cal/cu. M 3.414 kg 4 Coal 6930 K Cal/cu. M 1.458 Kg 5 L P Gas 10882 K Cal/cu. M 0.433 Kg 6 Dung Cake 2092 K Cal/cu. M 12.296 Kg 7 Kerosene oil 9122 K Cal/cu. M 0.620 liter

The produced biogas gets stored in inverted drum. The slurry goes out through the outlet pipe. For the drum, new alternative materials like ferrocement, HDPC or fibreglass is also being used. In this type of biogas plant, pressure remains constant, which is equivalent to weight of gasholder over unit area. The pressure can be increased by putting additional weight stones/ bricks on the gas holder. The side of gasholder remains dipped in the slurry to seal the leakage of gas to the atmosphere. The design is available in various sizes for 1-140 Cu.M gas per day. The designs for various capacity plants are readily available with Khadi and Village Industries Commission, Vile Parle, Mumbai In KVIC design, the cost is more as the cost of gasholder is high. The plant also requires regular check-up and maintenance. Janata biogas plant It is a fixed dome type plant. It has got an inlet tank, outlet tank, digester and fixed dome. The digester of biogas plant is of cylindrical shape constructed with bricks and cement. It holds the dung slurry, and the biogas produced is stored in gas portion, which is an integral part of plant between dome and digester. The height of gas portion is above the inlet and outlet openings as the gas volume increases slurry is displaced. In Janata type plant, the pressure of biogas is not constant. The cost of this plant is comparatively less in comparison to KVIC plant. Deenbandhu biogas plant

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This is also a faxed dome plant developed by Action for Food Production, New Delhi. It is a low cost biogas plant. The principle of working of plant is same as that of Janata type, except for the configuration of inlet entrance and digester. The digester of this type of plant is spherical. In this digester, surface area is reduced for same volume of material that reduces the cost of plant. At the top of the foundation, a window opening is provided (outlet portion) for outward movement of the digested slurry. In the inlet, asbestos cement pipe of 15 mm is used. The pipe is embedded in the digester at a fixed position, just opposite to outlet opening, to avoid short-circuiting of fresh material and digested slurry. The volume of the outlet is increased to produce requisite gas pressure through the weight of the displaced slurry. At the top of dome, a gas outlet pipe is fixed. The cost of construction of Deenbandhu fixed dome type biogas plant is lower compared to other types. The Deenbandhu model was designed by making effective use of the principles of structural engineering as well as the long-term experience of one of the NGOs with the fixed dome biogas plant. Initially, studies on performance aspects were conducted by scientists, engineers and specialists. The design was then finalized on the basis of feedback from various NGOs who had set up Deenbandhu plants on an experimental basis in different parts of the country. The model was finally approved by the Government of India in 1986 for propagation under NPBD. Since then, it has become the most popular model in the country. Shramik Bandhu biogas plant The Shramik Bandhu Biogas Plant was developed by one of the NGOs during 1995/96. The objective was to reduce the construction cost by using locally available low cost material. The plant design and working principle is similar to that of Deenbandhu biogas plant. However, the construction material used for both the plants differs. Bamboo is used in SBBP and bricks are used in Deenbandhu. This can be advantageous in areas where there is difficulty in procuring bricks. The technology is being tested and the cost of the plant works out to be approximately Rs 1000 less than the Deenbandhu model. In areas where bamboo is abundantly available, the cost of the plant would be still lower. As the mode] is labour intensive it would also create more employment opportunities, especially for rural women, since weaving of bamboo is primarily undertaken by them. Selection of size of biogas plants For selection of size of biogas plants, there are two important factors, namely: (a) Total availability of biodegradable materials for biogas production (b) Consumption of Biogas. a. Availability of total bio-degradable material: The biogas is generated mainly from cow dung. Other animal’s dung and human excreta, agricultural and forest wastes could also be used as biogas feed. Total quantity of dung available per day should be determined and then size of biogas plant can be decided. The table gives the cattle required for different capacity of plants, and family size for which they are suitable.

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b. Consumption of biogas: When availability of biogas is more and requirement is less, then consumption biogas is calculated and size is decided. The consumption of biogas can be calculated based upon the purpose for which it is required. The quantities of biogas required are given in the table. Selection of type of biogas plant The biogas plants available in India fall in two categories, namely, floating gas holder type and fixed dome type. The selection of type of plant to be installed should be based upon their merits and demerits and with reference to physical conditions. Factors to be considered The type of biogas plant to be installed is decided upon following factors: i) Technical considerations: The level of skill required, quality of building material available locally, suitability of site and gas consumption pattern influences the selection of particular design of plant. The fixed dome type plants require skilled and trained mason and good quality building material whereas KVIC floating drum type plant can be constructed by a mason doing building works ii) Consideration of climato-logical factors: The climate, especially temperature, affects the process of fermentation, and hence, the working of plant. In the area where mean temperature in winter season is more than 20°C, any plant can be chosen. In case the mean temperature is less than 20°C, then fixed dome type underground plants should be preferred. iii) Consideration of geographical factors: The fixed dome type plants should be constructed underground completely. It should be constructed in raised platform to achieve automatic flow of slurry. iv) Economic considerations: The selection should be made based upon economic standard of beneficiary. The cost of floating drum biogas plants are more in comparison to fixed dome biogas plant, as it involves cost of drum and more earth work. Utilization of biogas & slurry (a) Utilization of biogas: The biogas is a mixture of methane (59 %), Carbon dioxide (38 %), Oxygen (2 %) and traces of other gases. It is non-toxic and non-poisonous. One of its most common uses is in cooking. In rural areas one of the major energy needs is energy for cooking. The heating value of various alternative fuels used for cooking and their replacement by Cu-meter of biogas is given in the following table. (b) Biogas burners: Single and Double Burners: Biogas burns after getting mixed with air. The biogas burners are designed for 7 - 10 cm of water column pressure. Small burner consumes 225 litres per hour of gas whereas big burner consumes 450 litres per hour of gas. Depending upon use, type and size of burners can be chosen. The commercially available burners are: Single Burner Double Burner. For controlling the gas and regulating the flame, a spring loaded knob is provided. The air control opening is also provided near gas outlet which is adjusted once only. The efficiency of these burners ranges between 55 - 60%.

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(c) Chapatti burner: In certain parts of our country, baked chapatti is a must in diet of the people. For chapatti baking, special burners are used. The types of available burners used for chapatti making are Sevagram and Spiral burner. (d) Biogas lamps : One of the common applications of biogas in rural area is lighting where electricity is not available, Biogas lamp is similar to kerosene lamps. It provides 100 candle (60 W) light illumination. In the top of burner, an "on and off" locking lever is provided to supply gas for lighting. The intensity of lighting is regulated by gas regulator. The mantle is fixed in clay nozzle and covered with glass to check entry of insects etc. (e) Utilization of slurry as manure : The chemical fertilizers which are used by farmers have undesirable effects in long term. For long period sustained agriculture, organic manure is very important.

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Annexure 15 Sanitation Facility A. Rural Sanitation (Technology Source: NEERI ) : Low cost sanitation technologies have been developed for the following applications: • On site excreta disposal system, consisting of individual or community latrines discharging in to pits, tanks, cesspools, digesters or ponds. • Community sewer systems with subsequent use of low cost treatment and disposal method such as oxidation ponds and land irrigation. B. Low Cost Latrines (Technology Source: CBRI) : Disposal of human waste is a big problem in rural areas. The underground sewerage system or septic tank requires high initial cost and maintenance. Further, the water requirement of conventional flushing system is very high while the water supply is scarce in most of the villages. Leaching pit type latrine with hand flushing water seal is found most appropriate and economical for rural areas. Two pits are used alternatively. One pit is connected at a time while the other is closed for anaerobic decomposition of night soil. A distance of 1 m is recommended between 2 leaching pits to avoid seepage of water from one to the other. Optimum diameter and depth for circular leaching pits should be 1.07 m & 1.22 m for 5 users over a period of 5 years. C. Hand-Flush Water –seal Pit Latrines (Technology Source: NEERI): To improve sanitary and hygienic conditions, hand flush water –seal pit latrines have been designed for use in rural areas. The design consists of a squatting enclosure and two digestion cum- soakage pits connected through a junction chamber. In the squatting area, a cement mosaic finish pan and trap with 20 mm of water and flushing water flow into the pit. While the water is soaked by the soil, the faces are digested an aerobically. When one of the pits gets filled up, the other pit is connected through the bifurcation chamber. The contents of the first filled up pit are taken out after about 2yr and the pit is prepared for reuse. The main features of the latrine are that it holds human excreta in closed covered pits. It is not accessible to insects, flies, etc. and also to running surface water. Further, it converts human excreta into useful manure containing fertilizer elements like N, P and K. D. Ferro-cement Septic Tanks (Technology Source SERC-G, CBRI): The circular or rectangular septic tanks constructed with masonry are not 100% watertight and occupy a large area. The effluent quality also deteriorates with time. Use of Ferro-cement as construction material in septic tanks, is advantageous of vertical circular septic tanks can be fabricated assembled. The septic tanks are made of two pre cast units: (i) a sludge digestion chamber and (ii) a de-sludging pit. Ferro-cement septic tanks are cheaper than brick masonry septic tanks and ideal for use in rural areas, hills and not available. The technology for its manufacturing can easily be acquired by rural artisans.

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E. Clay Sanitary ware (Technology Source: CGCRI): The availability of proper sanitation facilities is dependent on the financial ability of the occupant. Low cost sanitary ware can be produced from inexpensive raw materials like fire clay and local clay. These sanitary wares coupled with other ceramic products such as hollow blocks, GRG boards, glazed tiles, etc can be used in a model low sanitation unit. F. Sanitary ware in Stoneware Quality (Technology Source: CGCRI): The demand for sanitary appliances is constantly increasing particularly in the housing programme for low/ middle-income groups. The items in this category include pan, footrest, washbasin, etc. in different shapes and sizes. Glazed sanitary wares with simple design and in stoneware quality can be manufactured at a low cost in small-scale sector. Raw materials required are china clay, ball/plastic clay, quartz, feldspar, calcite/ marble, zircon opacifier and related ingredients available indigenously.

G. Low cost Vermi Sanitary Latrine

Low cost vermi sanitary latrine as shown in figure below may be constructed as individual sanitary rural latrines. (Possibilities of biogas production through community latrines may be explored. If required a demonstrative unit made at Shirdi (MH) by Sulabh may be visited)

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Annexure 16 NADEP

• 9 X 4 X 4 feet tank should be made as shown in the figure for NADEP. • Four alternate layer of Waste and animal dung should be made and upper layer should be covered by wet dung. This will give the one-quintal of Bio compost after 4 months. • Ipomoea and Brick NADEP without plaster may be used for NADEP to reduce cost.

For better results No. of animals Length (m) Width (m) Depth (m) 2-5 6.5 1.0 1 6-10 8 1.2 1 11-12 10 1.4 1 More than 20 10 1.6 1

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Annexure 17 Cattle and Buffalo Breeds Important Characteristics/Description Sr. Name Habitat/Main State Breeding Tract Assembling Areas of demand Remarks No. Breed Districts Centres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A) CATTLE (INDIGENOUS) 1 Amrith Erstwhile Mysore State Tumkur and Chitradurg Erstwhile Mysore Karnataka and Draught breed mahal now part of Karnataka State adjoining area 2 Dangi Maharashtra and Ahmednagar, Weekly markets in Rocky ghat areas Draught breed Gujarat Khandesh, Raigad, Ahmednagar, Nasik, with heavy rainfall Nasik, Thane, Surat Thane and West Khandesh district 3 Denoi Andhra Pradesh Medak, Nizambad, Weekly cattle Bidar and Draught purposse Karnataka and Mahboobnagar, markets, Jatras and adjoining districts breed Maharashtra Adilabad Gulbarga, fairs in Bidar and Bidar, Osmanabad, adjoining districts Nanded 4 Gir Gir Hills and forest of Junagarh, Also _ Gujarat, Rajasthan, Dairy purpose breed South Kathiawar maintained by NDRI, Maharashtra Bangalore 5 Hallikar Karnataka Tumkur, Hassan & Dodbalapur, Dharwar, North Draught breed Mysore Chickballapur, Kanara, Bellary Harikar, (KT) Anantur & Devargudda, Chittur (A.P.), Chikkuvalli, Coimbatore North Karuvalli, Arcot, Salem Chittavadgi (T.N.) (T.M.) North Arcot (T.N.) Hindupur, Somaghatta, Anantpur (A.P.) 6 Hariana Haryana and Delhi, Rohtak, Hissar, Cattle fairs at Throughout the Dual purpose breed Punjab, Rajasthan Gurgaon, Karnal, Jehazgarh, Mahim country Patiala, Sangrur, and Bhadurgarh Jaipur, Jodhpur, Alwar, (Rohtak dist.) Hansi Bharatpur Western & Bhiwani (Hissar districts dist.) 7 Kangayam Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Avanashi, Tirppur, Southern Districts Draught breed Kannauram, of Tamil Nadu Madurai Athicombu 8 Kankrej Gujarat Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, Rajasthan,

Banaskantha Radhanpur Maharashtra 9 Khillari Maharashtra Solapur, Kolhapur, Southern Districts of Draught breed Satara Maharashtra and adjoining districts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka 10 Krishna Valley Maharashtra, Andhra Watersheds of Krishna Ichalkaranji Pradesh, Karnataka and adjoining areas of (Kolhapur),

A.P. and KT Chincahli (Gulbarga) 11 Malvi Madhya Pradesh Guna, Vidisha, Raisen Agar (Shajapur) Draught purpose Sehora, Ujjain, Indore, Singaj (Nimar) Dewas, Gwalior, Sehore & Ashta Shivpuri, Mandsaur, (Sehore) Jhabus & Dhar Rajasthan Jhalwar and Kotah Karimnagar (A.P.) 12 Nagori or Rajasthan Jodhpur & Nagaur Nagaur Parbatsar Rajasthan, Draught purpose Nagauri (Nagpur), Balotra Haryana, Uttar (Barmer), Puskar Pradesh (Ajmer), Hissar, Hansi (Haryana State) 13 Ongole Andhra Pradesh Ongole, Guntur, Available in Ongole - Dual Purpose Narasaraopet, Bapatla tract of Andhra

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and Nellore Pradesh 14 Rathi Rajasthan Alwar, Bharatpur, Alwar, Rewari - - Jaipur (Gurgaon), Pushkar - Dairy breed (Ajmer) 15 Sahiwal Punjab, Haryana, Sahiwal (erstwhile Jullundar, - Dairy breed Delhi, U.P., Bihar, Montgomery) Gurdaspur, Amritsar, M.P., W.B. Kapurthala, Ferozepur (Punjab), NDRI, Karnal, Hissar, Anhora Durg (M.P), Lucknow, Meerut, Bihar, W.B. 16 Red Sindhi Pakisatan All parts of - - - Dairy breed India 17 Siri Sikkim, Bhutan Darjeeling Hill Tract Darjeeling (Brought - Dual purpose by dealers) 18 Tharparkar Pakisatn (sind) Umarkot, Naukot, Balotra (Jodhpur), - Dairy breed Dhoro Naro Chor Puskar (Ajmer), Gujarat State

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Annexure 18 Date Form code EA 01 ENV-MIS Ref. No……… Environmental Approval From (To be filled by VDC for all SHGs)

Name of Proposed Sector Does the Applicable Level of Environmental Training Decision of SHG Livelihood proposed TEG No. Assessment Action VDC based on Plan activity figure Agreement in TEG as per TEG Forms signed Environmental Section A? section B by SHG Action (Low / Agreement Medium / Forms High) Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No Approved / Not Approved Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No Approved / Not Approved Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No Approved / Not Approved Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No Approved / Not Approved

Sectors : Agriculture / Land Based / Horticulture / Livestock / Infrastructure / Forest / Food, Hotel & Restaurant / Fisheries / Environmentally Pro-active Projects / Other Income Generating activities Signature of VDC: Signature of PFT:

159 Assessment of cumulative impacts: Activities with likely Number of SHGs Information on cumulative Remarks on potential Mitigation measures to be cumulative impact involved in the impact impact taken/facilitated by VDC activity Livestock (dairy, Increase in number of Adequate fodder available Regulations on open sheep, goats, etc.) animals in the village as a in village for all livestock grazing: result of SHG Livelihood including the ones to be Plans: acquired (Yes / No) Large ruminants (cows, Development of buffaloes): From ___ to ___ community pasture lands: (___% increase) Fodder resource is likely to Small ruminants (sheep, be stressed as a result of goats): From ___ to ___ the livestock to be acquired Any other: (___% increase) (Yes/No) Tube wells Increase in number of Adequate ground water Water conservation: tubewells in the village as a available (Yes / No) result of SHG Livelihood Plans: From ___ to ___ (___% increase) Ground water available at Water harvesting: ___ feet Village is located in region classified as ___ groundwater zone (safe / semi-critical / critical / overexploited) Any other activity: Signature of VDC: Signature of PFT:

160 Form Code EA 02 ENV-MIS form for PFT level Environmental Approval (To be filled by PFT for all VDCs) PFT Name Date …………to Date………..

Village / VDC ENV-MIS Ref. SHGs name Proposed LAP Environmental Approval status Level of Details of No Actions Assessment training Approved / Not Agreement Approved as per TEG required Forms signed? section B (Yes/No) (Low / Medium / High)

Compiled by ……………………… Checked by ……………………… Civil / other technical expert PFT Coordinator

161 Form Code EA 03 ENV-MIS form for District level Environmental Approval (To be filled by DPSU for all PFTs) District Name Date…………….to Date…………….

A) SHG Livelihood Plans

PFT Name Village / VDC Proposed sub-project title No. of No. of No. of Number Number Rejected ’Low’ ’Medium ’High’ Approved categor ’ catego y of EA category ry of of EA EA

162 B) PO Business Plans

Name of PO Activity and Level of Details of Has Approval given Details of Sector assessment (Low technical support Environmental Yes / No training required / Medium / High) taken for Action environmental Agreement Form assessment been signed?

Compiled by…………………………….. Checked by …....…...... Environment Coordinator (Agriculture / Livestock/ Civil Coordinator) DPM

163 Form Code EA 04 ENV-MIS form for State level Environmental Approval (To be filled by SPSU for all DPSUs)

Specify Period Date ……………………to Date ………………………..

A) SHG Livelihood Plans District Proposed sub-project title No. of No. of No. of Number Number ’Low’ ’Medium’ ’High’ Approved Rejected category of category category EA of EA of EA

164 B) PO Business Plans

District Name of PO Activity and Level of Details of Has Approval Details of Sector assessment technical support Environmental given Yes / No training (Low / taken for Action required Medium / environmental Agreement Form High) assessment been signed?

Compiled by…………………………….. Checked by …....…...... State Environment Coordinator SPM/ MIS coordinator

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