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An Evaluation of Coordinated Management and Emergency Response Assemblages in Ireland and the US

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An Evaluation of Coordinated Management and Emergency Response Assemblages in Ireland and the US Humanising policy from ‘Warriors to Guardians’: An evaluation of Coordinated Management and Emergency Response Assemblages in Ireland and the US. Aoife Delaney (10304899) Head of Department: Prof. Gerry Kearns Primary Supervisor: Prof. Rob Kitchin (Maynooth University) Secondary Supervisor: Prof. Mark Boyle (University of Liverpool) Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the PhD degree, Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Maynooth University. Submitted: June 2019 Declaration I declare that the work described in this dissertation is, except where otherwise stated, entirely my own work, and has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university. I further declare that this research has been carried out in full compliance with the ethical research requirements of Maynooth University. Signed: _________________________ Aoife Delaney June 2019 Permission to lend and/or copy I agree that Maynooth University may lend or copy this dissertation upon request. Signed: _________________________ Aoife Delaney June 2019 Abstract Coordinated Management and Emergency Response Assemblages (CMaERAs) are complex, multi-faceted, institutionalised networks of emergency response agencies, people, processes, technologies, histories, geographies and cultures which shape the strength of inter-agency coordination and emergency response. This thesis explores how a variety of actors, actants and technologies involved in emergency management assemble and organise. The methodology adopted is qualitative and uses two case studies to evaluate how CMaERA oscillate from their organised shape as dictated by policy to a new shape emanating from the needs of a response call. The case studies were: the Irish Emergency Management Assemblages (IEMA) response to the winter storms of 2015/2016 and the United States Emergency Management Assemblages (USEMA) response to the Boston Marathon Bombing in 2013. Fifty-one semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders and emergency response agents were conducted and supported by an interpretive analysis of key policy documents. By adopting assemblage theory and applying it to the empirical findings of the IEMA and USEMA, conceptualised within Foucauldian and Agambien understanding of power and sovereignty, this thesis offers a theoretical and philosophical framework to study emergency services, their interactions and power dynamics while keeping in sight their histories, cultures and current situations. This resulted in recognising that CMaERAs re-shape and oscillate position regularly to ensure that response is adequate and efficient. These movements are influenced both by the situation, inter-agency trust, and previous working relationships, but also from external factors, such as the institutionalisation and siloed manner of agencies, (in)formalisation, their relationship with the government, technological advancements, data analytics but also human nature. These broad factors affect inter-agency coordination and collaboration by creating barriers preventing the development of a true Coordinated Management and Emergency Response Assemblage. Finally, it provides three wider contributions to knowledge: expansion of the term ‘vulnerability’, development of embodied assemblages, and the identification of three urban factors which affect assemblage oscillation. i Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to thank my two supervisors Prof. Rob Kitchin and Prof. Mark Boyle for their encouragement, conversation, feedback, patience and support. Rob, your insights and advice on my research always helped me to re-think, re- formalise and re-strategize. You have helped me to grow into an independent researcher by supporting my decisions even when you disagreed, by helping me to succeed and fail (not all my ideas were good) but most of all, you were always there to point me in the right direction. Thank you for helping me to become more confident in my abilities, for fine-tuning my writing and being a mentor, colleague and friend that I could rely on. It has been a pleasure working with you over the last four years and I hope we will again soon. Thank you for everything. Mark, eight years you have been my academic lecturer, counsel, mentor, colleague and friend. Not only have you supported me academically, but you have also been a constant listening ear, you have helped me to synthesise my ideas, encouraged me to keep going when all I wanted to do was to give up, and you have helped me to grow as a researcher, writer and adult. But most of all, you have shown me the beauty of academia and encouraged me to never lose sight of my dreams and why I am on this path. People always say you’ll have that one teacher that does more than just teaches you but positively impacts on your life and deeply changes how you approach life and deal with everything. Mark, after twenty-six years of education, you are that teacher for me! You have inspired me, kept me sane, counselled me, disagreed with me so that I could find my voice, agreed with me when no one else did, stood up for me, cheered me up, celebrated my big and small victories and supported me constantly. It has been a pleasure working with you over the last eight years and I hope we will again soon. Thank you for everything. To Leighton, Sung-Yueh and Sophia thank you for all the time you have spent over the last four years reading my work, advising me and keeping me sane. Thank you for all those conversations, all the laughter, all the feedback and all the encouraging pick me ups. Thank you to Prof Jan Rigby for being a supportive shoulder throughout my entire time in Maynooth but particularly in the last year. Your advice, guidance and willingness to listen to me dribble on has provided me with a ii well-needed space to vent and your kind words and advice and constantly encouraged me to keep going and believe in myself. Thank you to the other members of the Geography Department and MUSSI for all their support over the last number of years but particular thanks are extended to Prof. Gerry Kearns, Prof. Karen Till, Prof. Chris Brunsden, Prof. Linda Connolly, Dr Chris Van Egeraat and Mr Martin Charleton for the constant support, technical help, advice and training. A special thank you to Prof. Mary Gilmartin and Dr Rowan Fealy for being brilliant Postgraduate directors. You both helped me to stay on track and focused. Thanks, to the wider Programmable City team. You all made the last four years a wonderful experience and I am so happy that I had the opportunity to work and learn from all of you. A huge thank to Rhona Bradshaw, Orla Dunne, Ann-Marie Burke, Neasa Hogan, Jennifer Lloyd Hughes and Una Holten, literally this thesis would not be finished except for all the help you have provided me over the years. Rhona, thank you for putting up with all the admin stuff and never-ending questions from me. Honestly, I could not have completed this without you helping me so much. Orla, I have not forgotten that you stole my mug and held it for ransom but thank you for making me laugh so much over the last four years. Honestly, you made me smile on days when I just wanted to give up. To Neasa, thank you for everything over the last nine years- yes I have been around for that long and you have constantly helped me and encouraged me along the way. Finally, thank you to Anne-Marie, Jennifer and Una for everything you have done for me, for all the chats, urgent requests and just your continuous support. To all my participants and gatekeepers, thank you so much for all your time and the interesting conversations you provided and thank you to my examiners Niamh and Sinead for taking the time out of their busy schedules to examine this work. To my Fulbright family, both in Ireland and the US thank you. Thank you for giving me a life-changing experience, for helping me to learn so much about myself personally and as an academic. There are too many people to mention but particular thanks need to be given to Prof. Alan Wiig my Fulbright supervisor in UMASS Boston. You provided me with so much insight into my work, into Boston and you helped me to further my career progression by offering me so many amazing iii opportunities. Thank you for taking me under your wing and being my supervisor, you taught me so much and still are. To Prof. Kenneth Reardon of UMASS Boston, thank you for giving me a roof, over my head when I arrived, accepting me into your family, looking after me like a father and just being the most generous person I have had the pleasure to meet. You made my trip and time in Boston, even when I was so homesick, wonderful. You kept me grounded and ensured I always knew I had a safe space in Boston and someone to talk too. Thank you to Kitty, Doug and Iris, you became my American family in New Hampshire and offered me a place of solace where I could rest and relax. You took me in and looked after me, you showed me the beauty of American culture, Thanksgiving, applesauce and fed me some of the best homemade food of my whole trip. Thank you for welcoming me and making me feel like I was at home. To Carrie, John and Fraulein, thank you for taking me in, in the Fulbright spirit and welcoming me to your beautiful home. Carrie, as you finished your PhD, your dedication and motivation was such an inspiration to me. John thank you for everything you did for me, your kindness will never be forgotten and Frauelin thank you for accepting me as part of your family, for cuddling into me and making me smile.
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