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Lists of Larval Worms from Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America

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Lists of Larval Worms from Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Laboratory of Parasitology 1991 Lists of Larval Worms from Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific oC ast of North America Hilda Lei Ching Hydra Enterprises Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, Parasitology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Ching, Hilda Lei, "Lists of Larval Worms from Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific oC ast of North America" (1991). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 771. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/771 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Ching, Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington (1991) 58(1). Copyright 1991, HELMSOC. Used by permission. J lIelminthol. Soc. Wash. 5'8(1). \ 991, pp. 57~8 Lists of Larval Worms from Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Coast of North America HILDA LEI CHING Hydra Enterprises Ltd., P.O. Box 2184, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6B 3V7 ABS"fRAcr: Immature stages of 73 digenetic trematodes are listed by their families, marine invertebrate hosts, and localities and then cross listed according to their molluscan hosts. The list contains many new host records, and larval stages of 15 digenetic trematodes were newly recorded from gastropods from British Columbia and California. A list of immature stages of 14 cestodes, acanthocephaIans, and nematodes is also included. KEY WORDS: Digenea, Cestoda, Acanthocephala, Nematoda, marine mollusks, invertebrate hosts, Pacific coast, North America. Although immature stages are recognized to Methods and Materials be as important as adults in the descriptions of Snails, clams, and other invertebrates have been col­ parasites, few studies focus on larval helminths lected by the author at Friday Harbor, Washington in marine invertebrates. Stunkard (1983) pointed (WA), and Vancouver, British Columbia (BC). Eric out the difficulties in conducting studies on ma­ Cabot collected subtidal snails at Saturnina Island, BC; W. P. Sousa provided infected Cerithidea snails from rine parasites but the necessity to do so should Bolinas Lagoon, California (CA), and G. M. Ruiz gave concern all biologists interested in making in­ specimens from clams from Bodega and San Francisco ventories of parasites and in conserving biodi­ hays, CA. Mollusks were isolated to find free-swim­ versity (Pritchard, 1989). The marine ecosystem ming parasites and then dissected to obtain larval stages. The parasites were studied alive with the use of vital has become particularly vulnerable physical to dyes. For permanent preparations, they were usually changes which in turn can affect both host and fixed in hot seawater, transferred to alcohol-forma1in­ parasite populations. My studies of larval dige­ acetic acid and stored in 70% ethanol. They were stained netic trematodes began in 1957 at Friday Har­ with Semichon's carmine and mounted in permount. bor, Washington. Since then, many parasites were Most of the measurements were made on preserved specimens. Measurements are given in micrometers found in marine invertebrates from British Co­ unless otherwise indicated with the mean in parenthe­ lumbia to California. Additional sampling was ses. Drawings were made with the aid of a camera not possible, or when recent collections were at­ lucida. tempted, snails and clams were found to be scarce Stages that I have reported for the first time are due to oil pollution, or successive changes in the designated with mihi. Host and distribution records not previously published are indicated in the list with physical environment, or the use of lead-based asterisks. The names of the molluscan hosts and com­ paints on boats. In this paper I provide lists of mon names when given are cited according to Abbott larval stages of digenetic trematodes, cestodes, (1974) and those of other invertebrates are cited ac­ acanthocephalans, and nematodes along with cording to Austin (1985). Accession numbers are given for specimens in the United States National Museum their hosts and localities. HelminthologicaI Collections. List 1. Larval Digeneans from Marine Invertebrates from the North American Pacific Coast Oass TREMATODA Localities: Upper Newport Bay, Bolinas Lagoon, Subclass DIGENEA CA Order STRIGEIFORMES Records: Martin (1961, 1972), Ching and Sousa, 1986* Family CYATHOCOTYLIDAE USNM Helm. Coli. No. 81066 I. M esastephanus appendicuiatus (Ciurea, 1916) Lutz, 2. Cyathocotylid species 1935 Stage: Furcocercous cercaria Stage: Furcocercous cercaria Location: Sporocyst in digestive gland Location: Sporocyst in mantle Host: Cerithidea califarnica Host: Cerithidea califarnica Haldeman, California Localities: Upper Newport Bay, Bolinas Lagoon, Hom Shell CA 57 58 . JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 50J,J [ 50J,Jm 2 Figures 1-7. Marine dilleneans from gastropod hosts. 1. Heminroid cercaria from AlvfUlUJ compllCt.. 2. Enenterid cercaria from A. COnqHU:t.. 3. Metacercaria of Mkroplulllus sp. from A. COnqHU:t.. 4. Microphal1id cercaria from Liuori"" scutulllt.. S. Renicolid cercaria from Ceritllidell cali/omk.. 6. Body of lepocreadiid cercaria from Nitidell" cari""t.. 7. Tail of lepocreadiid cercaria. Records: Martin (1972), Ching and Sousa, 1986* Locality: Vancouver, BC USNM Helm. Coll. No. 81067 Record: Ching, 1964*, identification according to Stunkard and Hinchliffe (1952) Family SCHISTOSOMATIDAE 4. Austrobilharzia sp. 3. Austrobilharzia variglandis (Miller and Northup, Stage: Furcocercous cercaria 1926) Penner, 1953 Location: Sporocyst in digestive gland Stage: Furcocercous cercaria Host: Cerithidea cali/ornica Location: Sporocyst in gonads Locality: Upper Newport Bay, CA Host: Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say), Eastern Mud Nassa Record: Martin (1972) OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 58, NUMBER I, JANUARY 1991 . 59 5. Cercaria littorinalinae Penner, 1950 Location: Sporocyst in digestive gland Stage: Furcocercous cercaria Host: Mytilus californianus Conrad, Californian Location: Not mentioned, sporocyst in digestive Mussel gland? Locality: Dillon Beach, CA Host: Littorina planaxis Philippi, Eroded Peri­ Record: Giles (1962) winkle 13. Bucephalid Cercaria mihi 2 Locality: Southern California Stage: Furcocercous cercaria Record: Penner (1950) Location: Sporocyst in digestive gland Host: Lyonsia sp. Order HEMIURIFORMES Locality: Friday Harbor, W A Record: Ching, 1958* Family HEMIURIDAE Note: The cercaria and host species are similar to 6. Cercaria B Miller, 1925 those of Rhipidocotyle spp. described by Stunkard Stage: Cystophorous cercaria (1976). Location: Redia in digestive gland Host: Nucella lamellosa (Gmelin), Frilled Dog­ Family FELLODISTOMIDAE winkle 14. Pronoprymna petrowi (Layman, 1930) Bray and Locality: Friday Harbor, W A Gibson, 1980 Records: Miller (1925), Ching (1960) Stage: Trichocercous cercaria 7. Cercaria C Ching, 1960 Location: Sporocyst in digestive gland Stage: Cystophorous cercaria Host: Macoma inconspicua (Broderip and Sow- Location: Redia in digestive gland erby), Inconspicuous Macoma Host: Dentalium dalli Pilsbry and Sharp Locality: Vancouver, BC Locality: Friday Harbor, W A Records: Ching, 1963*, 1974*, 1989* Record: Ching (1960) USNM Helm. Coli. No. 81069 8. Hemiuroid Metacercaria Notes: The prevalence in 1963 was 2.7% or 27 of Stage: Metacercaria 1,138 clams. The cercaria resembled young forms Location: Hemocoel found in smelt hosts in the arrangement and Host: Mesamphiascus parvus development of the gonads (Margolis and Ching, Locality: Friday Harbor, W A 1965). Record: Ching (1960). The generic name of the 15. Fellodistomid Metacercaria mihi 3 host is not listed by Austin (1985), and the co­ Stage: Metacercaria pepod may be Amphiaccus parvus. Location: Digestive gland 9. Hemiuroid Metacercaria Host: Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve), Stage: Metacercaria Japanese Littleneck Location: Unknown Locality: Vancouver I., BC Host: Bolinopsis microptera Record: Ching, I 987* Locality: Puget Sound, W A Notes: About 150 clams from 15 areas were sam­ Record: Lloyd (1938). Bolinopsis microptera is a pled with 1-2 metacercariae found in 7 of 15 synonym of the ctenophore, B. infundibulum clams in I area. (Muller), according to Austin (1985). 10. Hemiuroid Cercaria mihi 1 (Fig. I) Family GYMNOPHALLIDAE Stage: Cystophorous cercaria 16. Cercaria margaritensis Ching, 1982 Location: Redia in digestive gland Stage: Furcocercous germinal sac Host: Alvania compacta Carpenter, Compact Al- Location: Germinal sac in extrapallial cavity vania Hosts: Margarites costalis(Gould), Northern Rosy Locality: Saturnina I., BC Margarite; M. helicinus (Phipps), Helicina Mar­ Record: Ching, 1977* garite; M. pupillus (Gould), Puppet Margarite USNM Helm. Coli. No. 81068 Locality: Saturnina I., BC Notes: The prevalence was 3 of 487 ofthe subtidal Record: Ching (1982) snails. The rediae are elongate about I mm in USNM Helm. Coli. No. 81070 length. The cercaria has a delivery tube and 3 17. Gymnophallus deliciosus (Olsson, 1893) Odhner, appendages. 1900 II. Lecithaster salmonis Yamaguti, 1934 Stage: Metacercaria Stage:
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