Uuringu Aruanne | 4.29 MB

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Uuringu Aruanne | 4.29 MB Meediapoliitika olukorra ja arengusuundade uuring Koostajad: Ragne Kõuts-Klemm, Halliki Harro-Loit, Indrek Ibrus, Signe Ivask, Marten Juurik, Andres Jõesaar, Madis Järvekülg, Sten Kauber, Väino Koorberg, Silja Lassur, Urmas Loit, Külliki Tafel-Viia Rahastaja: Eesti Kultuurkapitali nõukogu Tartu ja Tallinn 2019 Sisukord Sissejuhatus ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Olulisemad mõisted ja nende selgitused .......................................................................................... 6 Järeldused ja ettepanekud ........................................................................................................................ 8 Ettepanekud poliitikakujundamiseks ............................................................................................. 10 1. Meedia institutsioon ja meediaorganisatsioonid ............................................................................... 12 1.1. Meedia määratlus ....................................................................................................................... 12 1.2. Rahvusvahelised hinnangud Eesti meediapoliitika hetkeseisule ................................................ 14 1.3. Meediapoliitika toimijad ............................................................................................................ 18 1.4. Seadusraamistik ja eneseregulatsioon ........................................................................................ 21 2. Meediaturg ja auditoorium ................................................................................................................ 27 2.1. Eesti meedia organisatsiooniline ja sisuline mitmekesisus ........................................................ 27 2.1.1. Ajakirjandus ........................................................................................................................ 28 2.1.2. Katusorganisatsioonid ......................................................................................................... 31 2.2. Meediaturg.................................................................................................................................. 33 2.2.1. Meediavaldkonna tulude allikad .......................................................................................... 33 2.2.2. Globaalsed toimijad ............................................................................................................. 35 2.2.3. Eesti suurimad kontsernid ................................................................................................... 35 2.2.4. Regionaalsed ja kohalikud meediaettevõtted ...................................................................... 42 2.2.5. Kokkuvõtteks: olukord Eesti meediaturul ........................................................................... 46 2.3. Meedia tööturg ........................................................................................................................... 48 2.3.1. Konvergeerunud meediaorganisatsioonide paber- ja veebimeedia töötajaskond ................ 48 2.3.2. Ringhäälingumeedia ............................................................................................................ 50 2.3.3. Kohalik meedia .................................................................................................................... 51 2.3.4. Ajakirjanike töötingimused ja palk ..................................................................................... 52 2.4. Auditoorium ............................................................................................................................... 55 2.4.1.Auditooriumi uudishuvi ja infovajadus ................................................................................ 56 2.4.2. Infokanalite olulisus ja usaldusväärsus................................................................................ 61 2.4.3. Meediakasutus meediumide lõikes ...................................................................................... 64 2.4.4. Hinnang kohalikule meediale .............................................................................................. 67 2.4.5. Kokkuvõtteks ....................................................................................................................... 69 2.5. Kokkuvõtteks.............................................................................................................................. 69 3. Juhtumianalüüsid ............................................................................................................................... 72 2 3.1. Eesti avalikud asutused kui sisuloojad ....................................................................................... 72 3.2. Reklaamsisu esitamise regulatsioon ja praktikad ....................................................................... 78 3.3. Pressinõukogu ja Avaliku Sõna Nõukogu lahendite analüüs ..................................................... 86 3.4. Ajakirjanduse ärimudeli muutus ................................................................................................. 94 3.4.1. Eesmärkide ja funktsioonide seos ärimudeliga ................................................................... 95 3.4.2. Sisuloome alternatiivne rahastamine ................................................................................... 97 3.4.3. Sisutootmist mõjutavad mehhanismid ................................................................................. 98 3.4.4. Inimressurss, ajakirjanikud kes sisu loovad ja neid mõjutavad mehhanismid .................... 99 3.4.5. Karjäärimudelid ................................................................................................................. 100 3.5. Meedia roll rahvuslikus innovatsioonisüsteemis ...................................................................... 101 3.6. Kokkuvõtteks: peamised meediavaldkonda mõjutavad protsessid .......................................... 104 3.7. Monitooring: tugi meediapoliitikale ......................................................................................... 105 4. Eesti meediamaastik kümne aasta pärast: neli võimalikku arengustsenaariumi ............................. 108 4.1. Stsenaariumide põhivalikud ja nende koostamise põhimõtted ................................................. 108 4.2. Stsenaariumide kirjeldus .......................................................................................................... 111 4.2.1. Stsenaarium „Platvormide võimutsemine“ ........................................................................ 111 4.2.2. Stsenaarium „Eesti erameedia võidukäik“ ........................................................................ 113 4.2.3. Stsenaarium „Globaalse ja rahvusliku võitlus“ ................................................................. 115 4.2.4. Stsenaarium „Mitmekesisuse võidukäik“ .......................................................................... 117 4.3. Hinnang stsenaariumide realiseerumisele ning ettepanekud meediapoliitika kujundamiseks . 121 Lisa 1. Uuringu teostajad ja osalenud eksperdid ......................................................................... 123 Lisa 2. Kohaliku tasandi ajakirjanduslikud väljaanded ............................................................... 124 Lisa 3. Uudiste repertuaarid eestlaste hulgas, 2014 ..................................................................... 125 Joonised Joonis 1. Meedia rollid ning tegevusväli ............................................................................................................... 13 Joonis 2. Eesti, Läti ja Soome positsioon pressivabaduse indeksi alusel 2003-2018. ........................................... 15 Joonis 3. Meediapluralismi monitooringu riskihinnangud Eesti, Läti ja Soome meedia olukorrale ..................... 16 Joonis 4. Meediapoliitika toimijad ........................................................................................................................ 19 Joonis 5. Meediapoliitika toimijate omavahelised seosed ja võimalused meediapoliitikat kujundada ................. 21 Joonis 6. Võimalused eri toimijate tegevuse seire kaudu meediapoliitikat kujundada.......................................... 21 Joonis 7. Ohud ajakirjanduse autonoomiale, mida tajuvad eri riikide ajakirjanikud ............................................. 30 Joonis 8. Ajakirjanike Liidu liikmeskonna muutumine ja sooline koosseis 1919-2018........................................ 32 Joonis 9. Eesti reklaamituru maht võrreldes Baltikumi reklaamituruga 2007-2017 ............................................ 34 Joonis 10. Eesti meediasektorite kontsentratsioonimäär HHI alusel ..................................................................... 38 Joonis 11. Eesti avalik-õigusliku ringhäälingu eelarve ja riigieelarve 2001-2018 ................................................ 40 Joonis 12. Vikerraadio ja Sky Plus levialad Eesti Ringhäälingumaailma kodulehel 2013.a. ................................ 41 Joonis 13. Kohaliku info pakkujate (turu)suhted 1 ............................................................................................... 44 Joonis 14. Kohaliku info pakkujate (turu)suhted 2 ............................................................................................... 45 Joonis 15. Ajakirjanike ja teiste toimetuse liikmete arv kohalikes lehtedes .......................................................... 51 3 Joonis 16. Eesti meediasüsteemi
Recommended publications
  • Argus Nefte Transport
    Argus Nefte Transport Oil transportation logistics in the former Soviet Union Volume XVI, 5, May 2017 Primorsk loads first 100,000t diesel cargo Russia’s main outlet for 10ppm diesel exports, the Baltic port of Primorsk, shipped a 100,000t cargo for the first time this month. The diesel was loaded on 4 May on the 113,300t Dong-A Thetis, owned by the South Korean shipping company Dong-A Tanker. The 100,000t cargo of Rosneft product was sold to trading company Vitol for delivery to the Amsterdam-Rotter- dam-Antwerp region, a market participant says. The Dong-A Thetis was loaded at Russian pipeline crude exports berth 3 or 4 — which can handle crude and diesel following a recent upgrade, and mn b/d can accommodate 90,000-150,000t vessels with 15.5m draught. 6.0 Transit crude Russian crude It remains unclear whether larger loadings at Primorsk will become a regular 5.0 occurrence. “Smaller 50,000-60,000t cargoes are more popular and the terminal 4.0 does not always have the opportunity to stockpile larger quantities of diesel for 3.0 export,” a source familiar with operations at the outlet says. But the loading is significant considering the planned 10mn t/yr capacity 2.0 addition to the 15mn t/yr Sever diesel pipeline by 2018. Expansion to 25mn t/yr 1.0 will enable Transneft to divert more diesel to its pipeline system from ports in 0.0 Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr the Baltic states, in particular from the pipeline to the Latvian port of Ventspils.
    [Show full text]
  • 6. ITS WS Maanteeametis 2016-06-29
    Port of Tallinn overview Hele-Mai Metsal Olari Tammel 29.06.2016 ORGANIZATION THE COMPANY IN A NUTSHELL • State-owned limited liability company • Port of Tallinn is a landlord port • We provide infrastructure – land, quays and sea approaches • Private operators provide superstructure: handling equipment and warehousing CORPORATE STRUCTURE State owned limited liability company 1) Shareholders meeKng Minister of Economic Affairs and Infrastructure 2) Supervisory board 6 members, appointed by Minister of Economic Affairs and Infrastructure Management board 3) Appointed by Supervisory Board RESULTS IN 2015 OF THE PORT OF TALLINN • 22.4 mln tons of cargo • 208 784 TEU containers • 9.79 mln passengers • 1684 cargo ship calls • 5397 passenger ship calls • 283 cruise ship calls CLIENTS OF THE PORT OF TALLINN • Major shipping-lines, including Seago Line (Maersk), MSC, CMA CGM, APL, Tschudi Lines, Unifeeder, Team Lines, Tallink, Viking Line, Eckerö Line, Transfennica, KESS, Mann Lines, Bal[c Line • Major terminal operators, including Vopak E.O.S, Oiltanking, ArcelorMi\al, Katoen Nae, Vesta Terminal Tallinn (Mercuria Energy), Neste, Alexela (Trafigura), Nynas, DBT (Akron), Coal Terminal (KRU), TK, ESTEVE Terminal, Assistor, Autolink, Tridens, MGT Muuga Grain Terminal, Svis POSITION WE ARE DIFFERENT! • Unique geographical posi[on • Ideal natural condions • Well-developed infrastructure • Highest quality and environmental concern • European service standard, focus on safety • Free zone • Logisc and industrial parks • Land availability OUR VISION: To become the most innovave port on the shores of the Balc Sea by crea3ng to its clients the best environment and opportuni3es for growth. HARBOURS FROM CARGO TO CRUISE Tallin n Muuga Harbour Old City Harbour Paljassaare Harbour Paldiski South Harbour Saaremaa Harbour MUUGA HARBOUR TERRITORY 524.2 ha Estonia’s Biggest Cargo Harbour AQUATORY 752 ha TOTAL LENGTH OF BERTHS 6.4 km NUMBER OF BERTHS 29 MAX.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 19 NO 15 APR 8 - 14, 2009
    Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 19 NO 15 APR 8 - 14, 2009 FOREIGN NEWS FOREIGN NEWS Paet Discusses Economics, North Korea with Chinese Representatives 8 April - Foreign Minister Urmas Paet and Deputy Director of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Chen Fengxiangi emphasised during their meeting in Tallinn the importance of international co-operation for overcoming the global economic crisis. Foreign Minister Paet confirmed that the G20 is the appropriate forum for such co- operation. Foreign Minister Paet stated that economic and trade relations between Estonia and China are good. “We would still like to further enliven Latvian President Valdis Zatlers and Estonian President Toomas Estonia-China economic relations,” Hendrik Ilves spoke at the Estonia-Latvia Business Forum at the Paet stressed. “The Estonia-China Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 8 April. economic co-operation commission meeting this fall in Tallinn will play Presidents Ilves and Zatlers Encourage Economic Co- an important role in intensifying operation economic co-operation,” Paet added. 8 April - As part of Latvian President Valdis Zatlers’ state visit to During the meeting, they also Estonia, an Estonia-Latvia Business Forum took place in the addressed issues related to North Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The event was Korea. Paet and Fengxiang both organised in co-operation with the Latvian Investment and acknowledged that achieving peace Development Agency, the Tallinn Business Agency, and Enterprise and stability on the Korean peninsula Estonia. is essential. “It is necessary for North The forum was opened by the president of the board of the Chamber Korea to adhere to and honour UN of Commerce Toomas Luman, and opening speeches were given by resolutions and to work in the name President of the Estonian Republic Toomas Hendrik Ilves and President of peace and understanding in north- of the Latvian Republic Valdis Zatlers.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Estonia
    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development DAF/COMP/AR(2018)5 Unclassified English - Or. English 2 May 2018 Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs COMPETITION COMMITTEE Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Estonia -- 2017 -- 6-8 June 2018 This report is submitted by Estonia to the Competition Committee FOR INFORMATION at its forthcoming meeting to be held on 6-8 June 2018. JT03431094 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. 2 │ DAF/COMP/AR(2018)5 Table of contents 1. About the authority ........................................................................................................................... 3 2. Co-operation ...................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Competition supervision ................................................................................................................... 5 3.1. Amendments to Competition Act ................................................................................................. 5 3.2. Precept of Competition Authority to Tallinn City Government to Reduce Prices Charged for Waste Transport ................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3. Analysis of Prices of
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Estonia 2019 Review
    ENERGY POLICIES OF IEA COUNTRIES Estonia 2019 Review ENERGY POLICIES OF IEA COUNTRIES Estonia 2019 Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines IEA member IEA association the full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas Australia Brazil and coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance Ireland the reliability, Italy affordability and Japan sustainability of Korea energy in its 30 Luxembourg member countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA) has conducted in-depth peer reviews of its member countries’ energy policies since 1976. This process not only supports energy policy development, but also encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. In short, by seeing what has worked – or not – in the “real world”, these reviews identify policies that achieve their objectives and bring concrete results. Recently, the IEA has moved to modernise the reviews by focusing on some of the key energy challenges in today’s rapidly changing energy markets.
    [Show full text]
  • LNG Availability in Finnish Ports
    LNG availability in Finnish ports Ms. Annaleena Mäkilä Executive Director Finnish Port Association 23.4.2015 Helsinki Small scale LNG projects – plans and decisions . Port of HaminaKotka (TEN-T core port) . Port of Helsinki (TEN-T core port) . Port of Turku, Pansio (TEN-T core port) . Port of Pori, Tahkoluoto . Port of Rauma . Port of Tornio, LNG Manga Ltd . Large scale import terminal - Inkoo (or Porvoo) . Today: LNG regasification in Porvoo Port of HaminaKotka . Hamina Energy Ltd and Alexela Varahalduse AS . 30.000 m3 LNG terminal with the facilitation to recieve, take out, store and deliver . In connection with the present gas pipeline in Southern Finland; delivery also by truck and train . An alternative for the gas imported from Russia . Estimated to be in use by Autumn 2018 Port of Helsinki . Port of Helsinki is one of main ports in Finland and a TEN-T core port . Fasilitation (bunkering) of alternative fuels (LNG) is planned to be taken care of with a foating unit . Many harbour centers at Port of Helsinki -> mobility important LNG terminal to Turku, Pansio area • Clean fuel for the Baltic Sea maritime transports • Industry will be the other important user group • The local detailed plan has approved Jan 2015 • Volume max 30 000 m3 LNG terminal to Pansio area – 1st stage • Letter of intent with Skangass Ltd • 7.500 m3 • Jan 2017 Port of Pori, Tahkoluoto . LNG terminal of 30.000 m3 . Already well under construction . Partners: . Skangass Ltd, Neste Jacobs, KVL-Tecnics Ltd, FCC Industrial . First one to be ready by 2016 . Bunkering from truck to ship or straight from storage .
    [Show full text]