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Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure. -
Insects Commonly Mistaken for Mosquitoes
Mosquito Proboscis (Figure 1) THE MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE ABOUT CONTRA COSTA INSECTS Mosquitoes have four distinct developmental stages: MOSQUITO & VECTOR egg, larva, pupa and adult. The average time a mosquito takes to go from egg to adult is five to CONTROL DISTRICT COMMONLY Photo by Sean McCann by Photo seven days. Mosquitoes require water to complete Protecting Public Health Since 1927 their life cycle. Prevent mosquitoes from breeding by Early in the 1900s, Northern California suffered MISTAKEN FOR eliminating or managing standing water. through epidemics of encephalitis and malaria, and severe outbreaks of saltwater mosquitoes. At times, MOSQUITOES EGG RAFT parts of Contra Costa County were considered Most mosquitoes lay egg rafts uninhabitable resulting in the closure of waterfront that float on the water. Each areas and schools during peak mosquito seasons. raft contains up to 200 eggs. Recreational areas were abandoned and Realtors had trouble selling homes. The general economy Within a few days the eggs suffered. As a result, residents established the Contra hatch into larvae. Mosquito Costa Mosquito Abatement District which began egg rafts are the size of a grain service in 1927. of rice. Today, the Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector LARVA Control District continues to protect public health The larva or ÒwigglerÓ comes with environmentally sound techniques, reliable and to the surface to breathe efficient services, as well as programs to combat Contra Costa County is home to 23 species of through a tube called a emerging diseases, all while preserving and/or mosquitoes. There are also several types of insects siphon and feeds on bacteria enhancing the environment. -
Diptera: Psychodidae) of Northern Thailand, with a Revision of the World Species of the Genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Psychodinae: Telmatoscopini)" (2005)
Masthead Logo Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1-1-2005 A review of the moth flies D( iptera: Psychodidae) of northern Thailand, with a revision of the world species of the genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Psychodinae: Telmatoscopini) Gregory Russel Curler Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Recommended Citation Curler, Gregory Russel, "A review of the moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of northern Thailand, with a revision of the world species of the genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Psychodinae: Telmatoscopini)" (2005). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 18903. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/18903 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A review of the moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of northern Thailand, with a revision of the world species of the genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Psychodinae: Telmatoscopini) by Gregory Russel Curler A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Entomology Program of Study Committee: Gregory W. Courtney (Major Professor) Lynn G. Clark Marlin E. Rice Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2005 Copyright © Gregory Russel Curler, 2005. All rights reserved. 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the master's thesis of Gregory Russel Curler has met the thesis requirements of Iowa State University Signatures have been redacted for privacy Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .............................. -
IV. Sandflies and Midges - Psychodidae and Ceratopogonidae
IV. Sandflies and Midges - Psychodidae and Ceratopogonidae 1. PARASITES RICKETTSIAE Grubyella ochoterenai Culicoides phlebotomus (exposed adults died, exhibiting Ricksettia sp. fungal outgrowths) (Ciferri, 1929). Phlebotomus vexator (in gonads) (Hertig, 1936). Penicillium glaucum P. papatasii (killed larvae in the laboratory) (Zotov, 1930). BACTERIA PROTOZOA Bacteria Ceratopogonidae (larvae) 1 (Mayer, 1934). (1) MASTIGOPHORA Culicoides nubeculosus (in fat body of larvae) (Lawson, 1951). Crithidia sp. C. nubeculosus (Steinhaus, 1946). P. baghdadis (Adler & Theodor, 1929). Pseudomonas sp. Herpetomonas phlebotomi Culicoides salinarius (Becker, 1958). P. minutus (10% incidence in India) (Mackie, 1914; Patton, 1919). Spirochaeta phlebotomi (= Treponema phlebotomi) P. minutus (in gut) (Shortt, 1925). P. perniciosus (in gut) (Pringault, 1921a). P. papatasii (in gut) (Mackie, 1914). (2) SPOROZOA FUNGI (a) GREGARINIDA Aspergillus sp. Lankesteria ? Phlebotomus spp. (young larvae may become entangled P. papatasii (no pathological damage) (Missiroli, 1932). in mycelium; spores germinate in larval intestine, the mycelium invading muscles of thoracic area and causing Monocystis mackiei death; this fungus is highly pathogenic in laboratory P. argentipes (25 % in nature) (Shortt & Swaminath, cultures) (Hertig & Johnson, 1961). 1927). P. papatasii (Missiroli, 1929b). Entomophthora papatasii P. papatasii (Marett, 1915). (b) HAEMOSPORIDIIDA E. phlebotomnus Haemoproteus canachites P. papatasii (Adler & Theodor, 1929). Culicoides sphagnumensis (Fallis & Bennett, -
Diptera) of Finland
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 441: 37–46Checklist (2014) of the familes Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae... 37 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7532 CHECKLIST www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of the familes Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) of Finland Jukka Salmela1, Lauri Paasivirta2, Gunnar M. Kvifte3 1 Metsähallitus, Natural Heritage Services, P.O. Box 8016, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland 2 Ruuhikosken- katu 17 B 5, 24240 Salo, Finland 3 Department of Limnology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel-Oberzwehren, Germany Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Kahanpää | Received 17 March 2014 | Accepted 22 May 2014 | Published 19 September 2014 http://zoobank.org/87CA3FF8-F041-48E7-8981-40A10BACC998 Citation: Salmela J, Paasivirta L, Kvifte GM (2014) Checklist of the familes Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) of Finland. In: Kahanpää J, Salmela J (Eds) Checklist of the Diptera of Finland. ZooKeys 441: 37–46. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7532 Abstract A checklist of the families Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) recorded from Finland is given. Four species, Dixella dyari Garret, 1924 (Dixidae), Threticus tridactilis (Kincaid, 1899), Panimerus albifacies (Tonnoir, 1919) and P. przhiboroi Wagner, 2005 (Psychodidae) are reported for the first time from Finland. Keywords Finland, Diptera, species list, biodiversity, faunistics Introduction Psychodidae or moth flies are an intermediately diverse family of nematocerous flies, comprising over 3000 species world-wide (Pape et al. 2011). Its taxonomy is still very unstable, and multiple conflicting classifications exist (Duckhouse 1987, Vaillant 1990, Ježek and van Harten 2005). -
Microarchitecture of the Tsetse Fly Proboscis Wendy Gibson1*, Lori Peacock1,2 and Rachel Hutchinson1
Gibson et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:430 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2367-2 RESEARCH Open Access Microarchitecture of the tsetse fly proboscis Wendy Gibson1*, Lori Peacock1,2 and Rachel Hutchinson1 Abstract Background: Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) are large blood-sucking dipteran flies that are important as vectors of human and animal trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse anatomy has been well described, including detailed accounts of the functional anatomy of the proboscis for piercing host skin and sucking up blood. The proboscis also serves as the developmental site for the infective metacyclic stages of several species of pathogenic livestock trypanosomes that are inoculated into the host with fly saliva. To understand the physical environment in which these trypanosomes develop, we have re-examined the microarchitecture of the tsetse proboscis. Results: We examined proboscises from male and female flies of Glossina pallidipes using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each proboscis was removed from the fly head and either examined intact or dissected into the three constituent components: Labrum, labium and hypopharynx. Our light and SEM images reaffirm earlier observations that the tsetse proboscis is a formidably armed weapon, well-adapted for piercing skin, and provide comparative data for G. pallidipes. In addition, the images reveal that the hypopharynx, the narrow tube that delivers saliva to the wound site, ends in a remarkably ornate and complex structure with around ten finger-like projections, each adorned with sucker-like protrusions, contradicting previous descriptions that show a simple, bevelled end like a hypodermic needle. The function of the finger-like projections is speculative; they appear to be flexible and may serve to protect the hypopharynx from influx of blood or microorganisms, or control the flow of saliva. -
The Diversity of Life in Heliconias and Bromiliads Christine M. Springer
'. • The Diversity of Life in Heliconias and Bromiliads Christine M. Springer • Study Abroad - Dominica 1998 • Introduction: • Heliconias (f Heliconiaceae) and bromeliads (f Bromeliaceae) are commonly found in various areas of Dominica. Both plants provide habitats for organisms to live in. My hyopthesis is that there will be more differences in the organisms living in bromiliads than in heliconias. The bromiliads exist in a broad range of sizes and grow at various elevations, providing different living environments for organisms. Heliconias grow to a standard size and height. Materials and Methods: * 20 dram pill bottles * scintillation vials * 70%EtOH * stereo microscope * large glass pipette * small glass pipette * turkey baster * sharpie pennanent marker - fine point I used the turkey baster to extract water from each plant, and I stored the samples in 20 dram pill bottles. I labeled the samples according to location. Each sample was examined under a stereo microscope, and individual organisms were separated using large and small pipettes. Organisms were preserved in 70%EtOH in scintillation vials . • Data: Sample #1: Heliconia (red, yellow, and green bloom) Mt. Joy 25 May 1998 Organisms Present: Number: Psychodidae larva (f Psychodoidea) 1 Psychodidae pupa I Mosquito larvae # I (f Culicidae) 3 Sample #2: Heliconia (yellow bloom) Mt. Joy 25 May 1998 Organisms Present: Number: Mosquito larvae # 1 2 Mosquito pupae (2 emerged to adults) 3 Psychodidae larvae 16 Psychodidae pupae 4 Maggots (0. Diptera) 4 • Ants (0. Hymenoptera) 2 Sample -
The Wing Stalk in Diptera, with Some Notes on the Higher-Level Phylogeny of the Order
POINT OF VIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 27–33, 2008 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1297 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) The wing stalk in Diptera, with some notes on the higher-level phylogeny of the order JAROSLAV STARÝ Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science of the Palacký University, tĜ. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Diptera, morphology, wing stalk, higher-level phylogeny Abstract. The wing stalk in Diptera is examined, and its structures are re-evaluated and re-interpreted. The non-homology of A2 in Tipulomorpha and “A2” in other Diptera is claimed. Some notes are presented on the higher-level phylogeny of Diptera, especially those concerning Tipulomorpha. The family Trichoceridae is restored among Tipulomorpha, and the Tipulomorpha are re-affirmed as the sister group of the remaining Diptera. The clade Anisopodidae + Culicomorpha + Bibionomorpha is suggested as the sister group of Brachycera. INTRODUCTION chodomorpha, and particular taxa are treated at family Hennig (1968) published a comprehensive treatment of level. The infraorders accepted are conceived here as fol- the evolution of the wing base in Diptera, i.e., the com- lows: Tipulomorpha: Trichoceridae, Limoniidae, Pedicii- plex of features within the so-called wing stalk, mainly dae, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae; Culicomorpha: Simuli- idae, Dixidae, Culicidae, Thaumaleidae, Ceratopogon- the reduction of A2 and the development of the alula. He idae, Chironomidae; Bibionomorpha: Cecidomyiidae, concluded that A2 is reduced in Diptera other than Tipulo- morpha and only retained as a more or less sclerotised, Bibionidae, Axymyiidae, Mycetophilidae s. -
Adaptations of Insects at Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica
Adaptations of Insects at Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica Aiden Vey Cloudbridge Nature Reserve July 2007 Introduction Costa Rica’s location between North and South America, its neotropical climate and variety of elevations and habitats makes it one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. Despite being only 51,100km² in size, it contains about 5% (505,000) of the world’s species. Of these, 35,000 insect species have been recorded and estimates stand at around 300,000. The more well known insects include the 8,000 species of moth and 1,250 butterflies - almost 10% of the world total, and 500 more than in the USA! Other abundant insects of Costa Rica include ants, beetles, wasps and bees, grasshoppers and katydids. The following article presents a select few aspects of the insect life found at Cloudbridge, a nature reserve in the Talamanca mountain range. Relationships Insects play many important roles in Costa Rica, including pollination of the bountiful flora and as a food supply for many other organisms. The adult Owl butterfly (Caligo atreus, shown at right) feeds on many Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana) species, in particular on the rotting fruit. They are pollinators of these plants, but also use the leaves to lay eggs on. When hatched, the larvae remain on the plant and eat the leaves. Being highly gregarious, they can cause significant damage, and are considered as pests (especially in banana plantations). However, there are a number of insects that parasitise the Caligo larvae, including the common Winthemia fly (left) and Trichogramma and Ichneumon wasps, which act as biological control agents. -
Volume 2, Chapter 12-17: Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola
Glime, J. M. 2017. Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola – Diptera Overview. Chapt. 12-17. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. 12-17-1 Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 12-17 TERRESTRIAL INSECTS: HOLOMETABOLA – DIPTERA BIOLOGY AND HABITATS TABLE OF CONTENTS Diptera Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 12-17-2 Role of Bryophytes ................................................................................................................................. 12-17-3 Collection and Extraction Methods ......................................................................................................... 12-17-6 Fly Dispersal of Spores ........................................................................................................................... 12-17-8 Habitats ........................................................................................................................................................ 12-17-13 Wetlands ............................................................................................................................................... 12-17-13 Forests .................................................................................................................................................. -
DIPTERON Akceptacja: 29.11.2019 Bulletin of the Dipterological Section of the Polish Entomological Society Wrocław 04 XII 2019
Biuletyn Sekcji Dipterologicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Entomologicznego ISSN 1895 - 4464 Tom 35: 118-131 DIPTERON Akceptacja: 29.11.2019 Bulletin of the Dipterological Section of the Polish Entomological Society Wrocław 04 XII 2019 FAUNISTIC RECORDS OF SOME DIPTERA FAMILIES FROM THE BABIA GÓRA MASSIF IN POLAND ZAPISKI FAUNISTYCZNE DOTYCZĄCE NIEKTÓRYCH RODZIN MUCHÓWEK (DIPTERA) Z MASYWU BABIEJ GÓRY W POLSCE DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3559211 1 2 2 3 JOZEF OBOŇA , LIBOR DVOŘÁK , KATEŘINA DVOŘÁKOVÁ , JAN JEŽEK , 4 5 6 TIBOR KOVÁCS , DÁVID MURÁNYI , IWONA SŁOWIŃSKA , 7 8 1 JAROSLAV STARÝ , RUUD VAN DER WEELE , PETER MANKO 1 Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, SK – 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Tři Sekery 21, CZ – 353 01 Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] 3 National Museum in Prague (Natural History Museum), Department of Entomology, Cirkusová 1740, CZ – 193 00 Praha 9 – Horní Počernice, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Mátra Museum of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Kossuth Lajos u. 40, H – 3200 Gyöngyös, Hungary; e-mail: [email protected] 5 Plant Protection Institute, centre for Agricultural research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó 15. H – 1022, and Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u. 13, H – 1088 Budapest, Hungary; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 6 Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL – 90-237 Łódź, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 7 Neklanova 7, CZ – 779 00 Olomouc-Nedvězí et Silesian Museum, Nádražní okruh 31, CZ – 746 01 Opava, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 8 Kloosterlaan 6, NL – 4111 LG, Zoelmond, the Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] 118 ABSTRACT. -
Aquatic Insects: Holometabola – Diptera, Suborder Nematocera
Glime, J. M. 2017. Aquatic Insects: Holometabola – Diptera, Suborder Nematocera. Chapt. 11-13b. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte 11-13b-1 Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 15 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 11-13b AQUATIC INSECTS: HOLOMETABOLA – DIPTERA, SUBORDER NEMATOCERA TABLE OF CONTENTS Suborder Nematocera, continued ........................................................................................................... 11-13b-2 Chironomidae – Midges .................................................................................................................. 11-13b-2 Emergence ............................................................................................................................... 11-13b-4 Seasons .................................................................................................................................... 11-13b-5 Cold-water Species .................................................................................................................. 11-13b-6 Overwintering .......................................................................................................................... 11-13b-7 Current Velocity ...................................................................................................................... 11-13b-7 Diversity .................................................................................................................................