June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4257 has become convinced that the annual MFN human rights and civil rights, and we quote Gandhi, ‘‘Noncooperation with process is counterproductive and undermines are wondering in what way we can best evil is as much a duty as is cooperation United States foreign policy interests with re- reach out and change China’s current with good.’’ We can never forget spect to China. However, the United States policy. The fact is that we recognize Tiananmen Square. Those students has other points of leverage where we can en- that China is a growing power, and bravely stood for democracy, and they courage China's leaders to be responsible ac- there are some things, Mr. Speaker, were slaughtered. I was a student once, tors in the world community. that no matter what we do today in our fighting for what I believed, I was For example, China's leaders will be faced vote, we are not going to change. fighting for a nation free of racism, with many difficult economic reform decisions We are not going to change the fact free of segregation. During the 1960’s, in the next several decades; Therefore, rather that China is growing militarily. We some among us were jailed and beaten than devoting attention to MFN, the United are not going to change the fact that during that struggle. Some even died. States should focus on one of the most impor- technologically China is advancing at a Schwerner. Goodman. Chaney. Three tant foreign policy decisions for the United very rapid pace. We are not going to young men gave their lives so that oth- States: China's accession to the World Trade change the fact that China is going to ers could register and vote, so that oth- Organization [WTO]. A good way to maximize have a profound impact on our world in ers could participate in the democratic our trade leverage is embodied in legislation the coming years. process. They did not die in vain. that this Member and the gentleman from Illi- And so, Mr. Speaker, the question be- Now it is the 1990s and China is on nois, Representative TOM EWING recently in- fore us is not how do we stop those the other side of the world from us but troduced. That legislation, the China Market things which we cannot stop, but how their struggle is just as important. Access and Export Opportunities Act, requires do we most influence them? Over the Their lives and their struggle must not China to pledge adherence to the world's last 20 years, China has changed, China be in vain. In a real sense, Mr. Speaker, trade rules and accede to the World Trade Or- has grown, it has become more aware our foreign policy, our trade policy ganization or face ``snap-back'' tariffs on of civil and human rights, and their must be a reflection of our own ideals, goods imported to the United States. It would citizens have demanded more than they our own shared values. induce China's leaders to join the WTO by ever have before. Is it fast enough for What does it profit a great nation, a us? No, it is not. But the fact is, it is eliminating our annual MFN review upon Chi- compassionate and caring people, to that relationship, it is that continued na's membership in the World Trade Organi- close our eyes and look the other way? relationship that gives us the most zation. Alternatively however, the China Mar- As Martin Luther King said, ‘‘There chance to affect China as it inevitably comes a time when a Nation and a peo- ket Access and Export Opportunities Act grows and advances. ple must stand for something or we would require the President to impose realis- Mr. Speaker, we can do a lot from the will fall for anything.’’ I feel that the tic, pre-Uruguay Round tariff increasesÐ4±7 outside, demanding and asking for civil spirit of history is upon us. We must percentÐon Chinese imports if the PRC con- and human rights in China. But the make a decision today and it should be tinues to deny United States exporters ade- way it will most change is when the on the right side of history. We must quate market access or if it does not make Chinese people begin to be able to stand with the people who are strug- significant progress to become a member of think, because of prosperity, about gling for freedom, struggling for de- the WTO. something more than where their next mocracy. If we fail to act, no one will The PRC's desire to get into the World meal is coming from and how to meet act. They are our brothers and our sis- Trade Organization represents a historic op- their basic needs. When they begin re- ters. portunity for the United States to level the alizing what is available in other coun- Yes, Mr. Speaker, I believe in trade, playing field for United States companies and tries in terms of their own civil rights free and fair trade, but I do not believe workers wanting to sell their products in and human rights, they will also de- in trade at any price. I ask my col- China. But we should act now. Recent press mand more from within as we are de- leagues on both sides of the aisle, how reports indicate that the PRC's trade nego- manding from without. Please, let us much are we prepared to pay? Are we tiators may be walking away from the currently continue this relationship so that they prepared to sell our souls? Are we pre- unproductive negotiating table. This news is will be able to enjoy the civil and pared to butcher our conscience? Are especially disturbing given that last year's U.S. human rights that we do. we prepared to deny our shared values trade deficit with China was nearly $40 billion Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 of freedom, justice and democracy? and this year's imbalance has risen by 37 per- minutes to the gentleman from Geor- Today I cast my lot with the people in cent Secretary of Commerce, William Daley, gia [Mr. LEWIS], a champion for human the streets, with the students of recently said that ``China remains the only rights throughout the world. Tiananmen Square, and with the peo- major market in the world where U.S. exports Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield ple of this country who understand are not growing and this despite significant 30 seconds to the distinguished gen- that a threat to justice anywhere is a economic growth in China.'' tleman from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS]. threat to justice everywhere. The China Market Access and Export Op- Mr. LEWIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I urge and I beg of my colleagues to portunities Act is a tough but fair approach to I do not propose cutting off relations oppose MFN for China. I thank the gen- China's WTO accession. The Congress should with China, but I simply cannot accept tlewoman from California and the gen- immediately consider this legislation to accel- the situation as it is with China today. tleman from New York for yielding me erate the forces of change that have been un- We cannot stand by while innocent this time. leashed by the PRC's desire to become a part people in China and Tibet are fighting f of the world trade community. Economic and and dying for democracy. Thousands of trade liberalization reforms in China, which this innocent Christians, Muslims, and Bud- ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER legislation will promote, not only will reduce dhists are dying in Chinese gulags. Mil- PRO TEMPORE our enormous bilateral trade deficit and benefit lions of Chinese women are not allowed The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. United States workers and consumers, it will to plan their own families. They are LAHOOD). The Chair will remind all also continue to provide the most positive not allowed to make the most basic, persons in the gallery that they are forces of political and social change in China. the most private decisions. The Chi- here as guests of the House and that Mr. Speaker, I urge opposition to nese Government intrudes on families, any manifestation of approval or dis- House Joint Resolution 79. their beliefs, their lives. They are des- approval of proceedings is a violation Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 perate for our help. Yet we do not help. of the House rules. minutes to the gentlewoman from Ken- We continue business as usual. The Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 11⁄2 tucky [Mrs. NORTHUP]. abuse of human rights continues. And minutes to the gentleman from Texas Mrs. NORTHUP. Mr. Speaker, I rise the United States renews MFN. China [Mr. GREEN]. to speak against the resolution and in will not work with the community of (Mr. GREEN asked and was given behalf of continuing normal trading re- nations to stop nuclear proliferation. permission to revise and extend his re- lationships with China. And the United States renews MFN. marks.) We are all here today for one reason, Business as usual. Trade as usual. Mr. GREEN. I thank the gentleman because we are very concerned about We cannot accept and we must not from California for yielding me this China. We are very concerned about accept what is happening in China. To time. H4258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to happened in the 1960’s in America, it the WTO and will be able to agree to the disapproval resolution and I reluc- reminds us too much of what is hap- take on the rights and obligations that tantly do so. In previous Congresses, I pening today even in a country that make membership. At that point I be- voted for the extension of MFN for has killed 60 million of their own peo- lieve that the United States should be China with the belief that more en- ple in the past 50 years. We have to in a position to provide China with full gagement on economic and diplomatic stop apologizing for China and stand up MFN treatment uncluttered by any fronts would yield gradual but positive to this tyranny. conditions, a relationship identical to changes within China. But as our trade The SPEAKER pro tempore. The that which we have with almost all of deficit has worsened, I know that has Chair would advise all Members that the world. Once China becomes a WTO not been the case. I know things have the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. member we will be able to utilize the changed in China. In fact, there are CRANE] has 241⁄2 minutes remaining; the highly effective dispute settlement elections that are going on on the local gentlewoman from California [Ms. mechanism of the WTO to resolve our level, so there has been progress. But PELOSI] has 22 minutes remaining; the trade disputes with China. the concern I have is the tariff dispar- gentleman from California [Mr. MAT- As I understand it, China still has a ity between the United States and the SUI] has 24 minutes remaining; the gen- long way to go in that accession bid. In People’s Republic of China, so I was se- tleman from Kentucky [Mr. BUNNING] the meantime, I urge my colleagues to riously considering voting in favor of has 101⁄2 minutes remaining; and the vote a strong no on this disapproval the disapproval resolution. But I am gentleman from New York [Mr. SOLO- resolution. going to vote against it today, because MON] has 3 minutes remaining. Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 I do not think it would improve our The Chair recognizes the gentleman minute to the gentleman from Mary- trade deficit if we pass this resolution. from Illinois [Mr. CRANE]. land [Mr. HOYER], who in his capacity I do not think it would give us more and his work on the Helsinki accords Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 21⁄2 access to the China market. I do not minutes to the gentleman from Texas and Commission has been a champion think it would improve the treatment [Mr. ARCHER], the distinguished chair- of human rights throughout the world. of Christians in China, although I know man of the Committee on Ways and Mr. HOYER. Mr. Speaker, one cannot we have heard today both people who discuss this issue in 1 minute. Every- Means. said they are persecuted and people Mr. ARCHER. I thank the gentleman body on this floor knows this, and in who have said, including Reverend fact perhaps in 5 or 50 minutes. for yielding me this time. Billy Graham, that it would be bad not For over a decade and a half as chair- Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong opposi- to have most-favored-nation. I do not man of the Helsinki Commission, I was tion to House Joint Resolution 79 think it would prevent China from sell- not for most-favored-nation status for which would strip most-favored-nation ing weapons to Iran if we disapprove the Soviet Union. Why? Because they most-favored-nation. trading status from China. At the out- did not meet international norms. I think the best choice we have is to set, I want to make it clear, and I am America has been, is now and hopefully continue to work with China and re- sure it has been said before but it bears always will be the beacon of freedom spect their culture and respect their repeating, that the term most-favored- and justice for all the world. I am for country, and to say we are two great nation is a misnomer. It implies that constructively engaging on those prem- nations and we need to work together. we are somehow giving a country spe- ises, but I am also for principled en- That is why China’s desire for WTO cial treatment. Rather, when we pro- gagement, for an engagement that says membership requires more open mar- vide MFN, we are only giving the same we will not do business as normal with kets. I hope we will see that in China. normal standard treatment that we those who do not treat their own peo- I hope we will see a lessening of the give almost every country in the world; ple as international norms would de- tariffs on our products going to China well over 100 countries. The only coun- mand. And not only do international because then this will come up again tries to whom we do not give MFN are norms demand that, but the peace and next year. That is why I have cospon- Afghanistan, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, security and stability of all the world sored our Democratic leader’s bill ask- and Vietnam. We give better than MFN demands that. ing for China’s accession to WTO be treatment to another very select group My colleagues, let us stand up, let us subject to a vote in Congress. of countries, Canada, Israel, and Mex- lift that torch high of liberty and jus- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 ico. What we are considering today is tice and say not business as usual. minute to the gentleman from Florida whether we should continue giving Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 11⁄2 [Mr. SCARBOROUGH]. China average treatment. minutes to the gentleman from Califor- Mr. SCARBOROUGH. Mr. Speaker, b 1330 nia [Mr. CAPPS]. yesterday in the New Republic we had Mr. CAPPS. Mr. Speaker, I rise in op- this headline talking about persecution Now a move to the substance of the position to the resolution. I do so with of Christians. It is in stark contrast to resolution. Quite apart from the bene- profound respect for the gentlewoman what we read about and hear about fits enjoyed by our companies by con- from California [Ms. PELOSI], the gen- from apologists for China, whether it is tinuing to do business with China, our tleman from Georgia [Mr. LEWIS] and in Wall Street, Washington, or in Hol- ability to win this vote affects whether my good friends on the other side. I lywood. United States values will continue to want to make two points briefly. The New Republic reported that per- be of influence in China. Shutting down First, the very term ‘‘most favored secution is real and by all reports get- trade with China or making the terms nation’’ is inaccurate. MFN is not a ting worse. Attacks of Catholics and of of trade impossibly restrictive would privileged status according to close Protestants continue, and the Far East put in place a policy of unilateral con- friends, but an ordinary tariff treat- Economic Review stated that police de- frontation that would not change Chi- ment extended to all but 11 countries. stroyed 15,000 religious sites in one na’s behavior. Maybe MFN for China is Today I will introduce a bill to replace province last year alone. Priests were not a good policy until, as Churchill MFN in our trade law with a more suit- sent to re-education camps for 2 years would have said about democracy, able and accurate term, ‘‘normal trade for simply saying mass, and 40 percent ‘‘You consider all of the other alter- relations.’’ of all inmates in labor camps are mem- natives.’’ And those who oppose MFN Second point: I have a heart full of bers of the Christian underground. The for China do not really consider the thoughts on this issue, Mr. Speaker. I New Republic went on to say that other less attractive, by far, alter- had the privilege of being in China in The methods used to re-educate Christians natives. If we remove MFN from China, December and lecturing at Peking Uni- include starving and beating detainees, bind- ing them in excruciating positions, hanging we would disengage our government versity. While I would not call myself them from their limbs and torturing them from a leadership role in the region and an expert on this subject, I do recog- with electronic cattle prods and drills. would remove the positive influence nize that the underlying subject here is Sometimes, relatives are forced to watch the that our business community has in about culture, about cultural dif- torture sessions.’ China. ference, cultural clash, cultural When I hear the gentleman from At the same time, I hope that China change. United States culture is not Georgia [Mr. LEWIS] speak about what will continue to pursue accession to Chinese culture. June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4259 We talk about human rights. China, for China Outreach Mission Ministry, In my home State of Missouri em- with a cultural tradition of more than has said, quote: ployment by foreign subsidiaries has 5,000 years, talks more about stability. The Chinese people are better off if MFN risen 165 percent since 1980. Manufac- We are dedicated to Judeo-Christian status is maintained. People suffer when turing jobs created by foreign invest- values. They for their part owe more to China becomes isolated and hostile. Isolating ment have risen 51 percent. In my dis- Confucius, to Lao Tzu, to the I Ching. China will do nothing for human rights in trict MFN for China means that agri- We talk proudly of democracy. China China particularly the rights of Chinese Christians. Like Rev. Daniel Su has said, businesses, high technology, and avi- has had centuries of feudalism, of em- Cutting off ties with China is like setting onics industries are able to export perors and empresses and are moving your car on fire when it stalls. their goods to one of the world’s larg- toward democracy. Consequently, it is Dr. Samuel Ling, the Institute for est markets. From national firms like difficult to translate across cultural Chinese Studies said this: Farmland Industries to regional com- lines. It is impossible to read their his- History has proven that as the United panies like Hanna Rubber Co. and tory according to our vectors. States engages China, a more pluralistic at- small family-owned businesses such as But we must live together in the 21st mosphere develops, and both the standard of Sun Electronics in Raytown, MO, MFN century, and we must strive together living and human rights and freedoms stand for China means jobs, revenue and busi- to find ways to do this. This is not the to improve. ness. time to isolate China, this is not the Others have made other quotes, Mr. I have grave concerns over China’s time to isolate ourselves against Speaker. I urge the Members to sup- human rights record, particularly the China. I plead a no vote on the pending port MFN. practice of female infanticide, which resolution. Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 has no place in any society. I have a During my recent visit to China, I witnessed minute to the gentleman from Massa- constituent, Mattie, who was born in the promise of leadership among the emerging chusetts [Mr. DELAHUNT], a member China just 2 years ago. She was adopt- generation of active, intelligent, responsible who has worked very hard on this ed by loving Missouri parents and is young people. I am confident that they want to issue. living the American dream of freedom be active participants in the 21st century, not Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, this unknown in her native land. I want to as enemies of the United States but as part- vote is about American credibility. advance our values within China so ners. I don't want to close the door on them Yesterday a bill was on the calendar that future Chinese baby girls like right now. I want to encourage them as I have which would have prohibited financial Mattie can live proud and free within transactions with terrorist countries. been encouraged by them. Democracy is a China as well. very delicate plant in China today. But we can It would have passed without debate. We cannot walk away from this or help nurture and strengthen it. Yet China has sold chemical weapons any other problem that China faces. We Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 to Iran and missile components to have a moral obligation to remain en- minutes to the gentleman from Penn- Syria, and what of human rights? Last gaged with China so that they can sylvania [Mr. PITTS]. year Congress enacted the Helms–Bur- learn our values of democracy. I urge (Mr. PITTS asked and was given per- ton Act because of human rights this body to reject the resolution and mission to revise and extend his re- abuses in Cuba. Yet when it comes to extend normal trade relations to the marks.) China we ignore our own State Depart- People’s Republic of China. Mr. PITTS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today ment report that the human rights sit- Revoking trade privileges will reverse the to call for an end to the many human uation actually worsened in 1996. rights abuses in the People’s Republic Then of course there is trade. We progress that the Chinese people have made of China, and I rise in support of renew- criticize the unfair trade practices of in their struggle for basic political, religious, ing China’s most-favored-nation trad- the Japanese, yet according to the last and economic freedoms. ing status because, Mr. Speaker, these Sunday’s L.A. Times, China has devel- The power of our democratic principles and two goals are not mutually exclusive. oped barriers to United States goods ideals eventually led to the fall of communism In fact, renewing MFN for China will and services that would make the Jap- in Eastern Europe. It is important that we con- enable us to address the abuses we find anese blush. tinue to engage in debate with China until we so objectionable, first by keeping the This vote is fundamentally about achieve victory in Asia as well. lines of communication open with American credibility. We cannot de- Mr. Speaker, for these reasons, I support those leaders in China who have the mand respect for our values from the extending normal trade relations to the Peo- power to change persecution and the rest of the world and set a different ple's Republic of China, and I urge my col- climate there through private and standard for China. Please vote yes on leagues to reject House Joint Resolution 79. tough diplomacy and, second, by allow- the resolution. Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I reserve ing the many human rights, mission Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 the balance of my time. and Christian agencies in China to con- minutes to the gentlewoman from Mis- Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 tinue their work with the Chinese peo- souri [Ms. MCCARTHY]. minutes to the gentlewoman from ple. Ms. MCCARTHY of Missouri. Mr. Washington [Ms. DUNN], our distin- Mr. Speaker, revoking China’s MFN Speaker, I rise in opposition to House guished colleague on the Committee on trade status and essentially declaring Joint Resolution 79 and in support of Ways and Means. economic warfare on China is not the the President’s decision to extend nor- Ms. DUNN. Mr. Speaker, for the past best way to achieve our goal of improv- mal trade relations with the People’s 7 years this body has gone through the ing the human condition for the Chi- Republic of China. Terminating our annual ritual of debating MFN status nese people. In fact, it would exacer- current trade relationship with China for China because the minority of our bate the problem. Since this debate would undermine America’s economic membership thinks that China needs to began I have spoken with many in the interests in those States such as my be taught a lesson. This may make mission and Christian community who own. The American consumer would be some of my colleagues feel good, but I live and work in China, missionaries burdened with dramatic price in- believe it is a misguided response that and Christian leaders whose whole lives creases. Thousands of American trade hinders the development of human are committed to the Chinese people. and investment jobs would be lost. rights and democracy in China. What they have told me is that if MFN Chinese retaliation would likely ex- Before rushing headlong into the status is revoked they feel that they clude companies from opportunities in mistake of adding China to the list of would feel the effects of retribution on one of the world’s fastest grow econo- nations denied MFN, there are two themselves and on Chinese Christians mies. Last year Missouri companies points to consider. First of all, who and on human rights activists. They alone exported over $80 million in would be penalized by denying China told me that the hand of the hard lin- goods to China, an increase of over 64 MFN? Our compassion for the suffering ers would come down upon the people percent from the previous year. United in China is useless if the policy has no of China and especially anyone who is States exports to China currently sup- effect other than to put our own people perceived as representing the West. port over 200,000 American jobs. The out of work. Indeed, then the compas- Rev. Daniel Su, a former member of jobs which have been created have been sion is misplaced. We have made no dif- the Chinese Red Guard who now works good, high paying jobs. ference in the life of those suffering H4260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 overseas while only increasing the other than to put our own people out of work. China’s Government continues to numbers of those suffering without Indeed, then the compassion is misplaced; brutally repress all dissent in that jobs here at home. By terminating we've made no difference in the life of those country and violate religious freedoms. MFN to China, this is exactly what I suffering overseas while only increasing the Meanwhile it exports to rogue nations believe will occur. The loss of MFN will numbers of those suffering here at home. like Iran, Iraq, Libya, and Burma the not change China. It will, however, By terminating MFN to China, this is exactly technology to make weapons of mass cost our Nation and Washington State what I believe would occur. The loss of MFN destruction. China continues to close billions of dollars in aircraft, lumber, won't change China. It will, however, cost our its market to United States goods and software, and agricultural sales and Nation and Washington State billions of dollars services and allows American products tens of thousands of jobs to our Euro- in aircraft, lumber, software, and agriculture to be pirated, costing us billions of dol- pean and our Asian competitors. sales, and tens of thousands of jobs to our lars. Faced with the evidence that our The second point to consider is will European and Asian competitors. current policy of engagement toward revoking MFN accomplish our goal of The second point to consider isÐwill revok- China has failed, supporters of MFN improved human rights and democracy. ing MFN accomplish our goal of improved then argue that we should ignore all I do not believe it will. United States human rights and democracy? those problems and extend this privi- trade and investment teach the skills I do not believe it will. U.S. trade and invest- lege to save American jobs. of free enterprise that are fundamental ment teaches the skills of the free enterprise Mr. Speaker, I oppose the extension to any free society. that are fundamental to a free society. of most-favored-nation status for For instance, in my home State of For instance, in my home State of Washing- China. Washington we export a number of ton, we export a number of U.S. products, Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 United States products from aircraft to from aircraft to software. And every single air- minute to the distinguished gentleman plane and every single CD carries with it the software, and every single airplane and from Guam [Mr. UNDERWOOD]. seeds of change. every single CD carries with it the (Mr. UNDERWOOD asked and was It has already been noted that the Rev. Billy given permission to revise and extend seeds of change. Graham recently observed that Christian love It has already been noted that the his remarks.) and integrity is now being delivered to millions Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I Reverend Billy Graham recently ob- of Chinese who were being denied this oppor- served that Christian love and integ- stand for human rights progress and a tunity during the darkest days in China. secure Asian-Pacific region and against rity are now being delivered to mil- This sentiment is shared by not only the House Joint Resolution 79. This is fun- lions of people in China who were de- Rev. Billy Graham, but a constituent of mineÐ damentally an issue which asks wheth- nied this opportunity during the dark- Ned Graham. His organization, East Gates er we want to engage in as normal rela- est days of China. This sentiment is Ministries, is based in Sumner, WA, and has tions as possible with an emerging shared not only by the Reverend Billy shipped 1.5 million Mandarin-language Bibles world power in order to shape their fu- Graham, but by his son who is my con- to China. And 4 million more will be delivered ture direction, in order to shape a safer stituent, Ned Graham. His organiza- before the end of the century under an agree- and more secure Asian-Pacific world. tion, East Gate Ministries, is based in ment with the Chinese Government. 1 This is not a one-shot process, and Sumner, WA, and it has shipped 1 ⁄2 Just last weekend, I had the opportunity to million Mandarin language Bibles to meet with the younger Graham to discuss his there is no one-shot solution. Engag- China and 4 million more will be deliv- organization's work in China and the current ing, shaping, relating to China requires ered before the end of the century debate here in the Congress. He expressed difficult decisions and fully under- under an agreement with the Chinese concern about this debate and that the cru- standing what is at stake, a secure Government. sade against MFN may harm the ability of his Asian-Pacific world in which the forces Just last weekend I had the oppor- ministry to get Bibles into the hands of the of democracy arise from local experi- tunity to meet with the younger Gra- Chinese people. The message was clear, Mr. ences under our encouragement, and is ham to discuss his organization’s work ChairmanÐrevocation of China MFN is of in- not forced by well-intentioned but mis- in China and the current debate here in terest to no one, particularly the Chinese peo- guided foreign policies. The issue is not human rights today the United States Congress. He ex- ple themselves. pressed concern about this debate and If we want to affect Chinese behavior in the but making it possible to have progress that the crusade against MFN may trade policy and civil liberties areas we care in human rights over the long haul. harm the ability of his ministry to get about, we should increase our mutual contact, The issue is not Chinese hostility Bibles into the hands of the Chinese make MFN status permanent, and eventually, today, but whether we want to allow people. bring China within the disciplines of the World hostility to shape our and their policy. Some would have us believe that put- b 1345 Trade Organization. I urge my colleagues to oppose the resolu- ting China on notice today through de- The message was clear, Mr. Speaker. tion of disapproval. nial of MFN somehow brings their Revocation of China MFN is in the in- Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 abuses to a halt. terests of no one, particularly the Chi- minute to the gentleman from Califor- I urge my colleagues to reject House nese people themselves. If we want to nia [Mr. MILLER]. Joint Resolution 79. affect Chinese behavior and trade pol- (Mr. MILLER of California asked and Mr. Speaker, many arguments have been icy in civil liberty areas we all care was given permission to revise and ex- offered from both sides of the issue: Support- about, we should increase our mutual tend his remarks.) ers of House Joint Resolution 79 believe that contact. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. withholding most-favored-nation status from I urge my colleagues to oppose the Speaker, I thank the gentleman for China will send a strong, clear message that resolution of disapproval. yielding. I rise today in opposition of the United States will no longer kowtow to Mr. Speaker, for the past seven summers, extending MFN to China because I be- Chinese interests. Many cite purported Chi- this body has gone through the annual ritual of lieve the United States policy of con- nese meddling in America's election cam- debating MFN status for China because a mi- structive engagement has failed. paigns as further proof of just how far the Chi- nority of our membership thinks that China Mr. Speaker, selling goods into the nese lobby has extended its reach into our do- needs to be taught a lesson. United States market is not a right, it mestic affairs. There are also arguments relat- This may make some of my colleagues feel is a privilege, and it is a privilege that ing to China's nuclear capabilities and its good, but I believe it is a misguided response should be restricted to dictatorships sales of equipment to Iran. The strongest con- that hinders the development of human rights like China. Despite the promises of the tention so far in this debate over MFN status and democracy in China. Before rushing head- White House, big business, and the has been the human rights issue. China's cur- long into the mistake of adding China to the MFN supporters, the United States tailing of political and religious freedoms, steri- list of nations denied MFN, there are two trade relationship with China has lization, laogai institutions, and list goes on points to consider. failed to move that nation toward and on. Who would be penalized by denying China democratic reform in order to reduce Despite these points, I adhere to the belief MFN? Our compassion for the suffering in the threat China poses to world secu- that extending MFN to China will be a wise China is useless if our policy has no effect rity. policy decision for the United States. As we all June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4261 know, MFN is not a special status, it is one status as a state. Let us bring a little common I am appalled by the statement that conferred to our regular economic partners sense and not emotion to this discussion and has been said numerous times here of throughout the world. According China MFN let us engage China within a system of trade Gen. Xian Guang-Kai, but I say to my status will be the avenue through which we and security in which we have primary influ- colleagues, I confronted him person- can influence China's discriminatory practices ence rather than make China an outcast state ally. I went to Beijing and sat across against some segments of its society. Political intent on destabilizing the Asia-Pacific region. the table from him, and I said, General, and religious freedom will follow greater eco- As we approach the new millennium, we those statements are unacceptable. nomic freedom. find that tools such as the Internet and mone- That is what we need to do, Mr. Speak- As part of the Congressional Human Rights tary policies are helping draw the nations of er, is aggressively engage the Chinese Caucus, I am knowledgeable of the various the world in an ever tighter web. Events such leadership. human rights abuses committed against politi- as American normalization of ties with Viet- I spoke this past year twice at the cal dissidents and jailed inmates in China. It is nam, Burma and Laos's guaranteed admit- National Defense University in Beijing, a deplorable situation, but I do not believe re- tance into ASEAN, NATO extension, and the and I told Chinese military leaders voking MFN will be the solution. Increasing future establishment of the Euro relate just what I am telling our Members today. diplomatic contact and applying pressure how tight this version of the World Wide Web We are not happy with China’s policies through international organizations is a wiser is contracting. The United States will take a in many areas, we are not happy with decision that unilaterally isolating one quarter great leap backward if it chooses to revoke human rights improvements in China, of the world's population. Democratic prin- MFN for China. At a time when competition is and we are not happy with arms con- ciples are transmitted through the free flow of steep for the Chinese market, at a time when trol violations; but we have to do that ideas between nations in close interaction with China's human rights situation is still problem- in an effective way and not isolate one another. Isolating China is not the answer atic, the United States should be at the fore- China and make it a demon. That is to curbing human rights abuse. front of engaging China's political and eco- the wrong signal to be sending. Those who support House Joint Resolution nomic policies. Oppose this resolution and support 79 have mainly focused on the human rights Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the status of trade relations normally question, but I believe that MFN is an eco- the balance of my time. with China. nomic issue. Using trade as a tool of engage- Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 ment is a mutually constructive way for us to minutes to the gentleman from Penn- minute to the distinguished gentle- improve relations with China. In 1996, United sylvania [Mr. WELDON]. woman from California [Ms. SANCHEZ]. States exports to China totaled $14 billion, (Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania asked Ms. SANCHEZ. Mr. Speaker, we have and exports to China generated some 200,000 and was given permission to revise and a very important choice to make here American jobs. extend his remarks.) today, but that choice is not between I wish to emphasize that the MFN debate is Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Mr. engagement or isolation. Certainly we ostensibly about trade and should be limited to Speaker, my comments today are will continue engagement with China, a discussion about whether we want to en- aimed at our newer Members. but that engagement must be construc- gage in normal trade relations with the fastest I am unusual in this debate, because tive. growing economy in the world. This seems to I have opposed MFN in the past. In fact The debate over China MFN is an im- be a no-brainer and the answer is yes. This is I voted against NAFTA because I was portant one for Americans. Nothing fundamentally an issue which asks whether not happy with the side agreements. In less is at stake than our economic fu- we want to engage in as normal relations as fact, I am concerned about China’s ture, our national security, and our possible with an emerging world power, in human rights record. I am a member of democratic principles. order to help shape their future direction; in the Human Rights Caucus and take Proponents of continuing MFN sta- order to help shape safer and more secure re- great pride in my involvement there. tus for China say it merely normalizes lations in the Asia-Pacific world. this is not a And on missile proliferation, I probably trade in the same way that we have one-shot process and there is no one-shot so- spend as much time on that issue as done so with many other countries. lution. Engaging, shaping, relating to China re- any Member in this body as the chair- But trade relationships between the quires difficult decisions and fully understand- man of the Subcommittee on Military two countries is anything but normal. ing what is at stakeÐa safer, more secure Research and Development of the Com- China does not play by the rules. China Asia-Pacific world in which the forces of de- mittee on National Security. As a mat- should not receive most-favored-nation mocracy arise from local experiences under ter of fact, I wish I had as much inter- status because it does not reciprocate our encouragement and not forced by well-in- est as demonstrated today by Members the trade benefits that we grant them tentioned, but misguided foreign policies. on both sides on missile proliferation with MFN. But many have added other issues to this on the debate on our defense bill as I Besides not following trade rules, debate to alleviate its focus as a trade issue, have heard today in this debate. China violates international arms con- rather, they have converted it into a form of Mr. Speaker, I would remind our col- trol treaties and protocols, but the political theatre designed less to influence the leagues when we heard about the at- most disturbing violations in China are eventual outcome which is well-known to ev- tack on the Stark, the U.S.S. Stark, it the gross negligence of human rights in eryone, but designed to assuage various con- was not a Chinese missile, it was a that nation. China persecutes millions stituencies in this country. French-made Exocet missile. In fact, of religious believers of the Christian, Contrast this with the reaction in the Asia- we have our own allies exporting mis- Muslim, Buddhist and Jewish faith. Pacific region. Nearly everyone in the region siles that are being used against our These appalling human rights must who is directly affected by China does not see troops by rogue nations around the stop. I urge my colleagues to vote the extension of MFN as weakness or a tol- world. ‘‘yes’’ on the resolution. eration of abuses inside China; but as a way Now, I am not happy with China’s ac- Mr. Speaker, we have a very important to constructively engage China. tions in many areas, but I do not want choice to make here today. But that choice is The issue is not human rights today, but to isolate China; I think that is the not between engagement or isolation. Cer- making it possible to progress in human rights worst thing we can do now. I fault this tainly we will continue engagement with China. over the long haul; the issue is not Chinese administration for a lack of enforce- But that engagement must be constructive. hostility today, but whether we want to inad- ment of existing arms control agree- The debate over China MFN is an important vertently allow hostility to shape our and their ments. The MCTR violations, the Gar- one for the American people. Nothing less is policy. There is implicit in the debate today the rett rocket engines that were sent to at stake than our economic future, our national sentiment that failure to put China on notice China, the M–11 missile transfers, the security and our democratic principles. today through denial of MFN somehow will ring magnet transfers, the chem-bio Proponents of continuing MFN status for bring their human rights abuses to a halt and transfers, they are all wrong; but we do China say it merely normalizes trade in the stem their growth towards being a competitive not just talk about those on the MFN same way that is done with many other coun- and hostile world power. debate alone. We deal with those issues tries. But trade relations between the two It seems to me that the denial of MFN will all year long, and I do that all year countries is anything but normal. bring help facilitate the very thing the oppo- long, and all of us should do that all China does not play by the rules. China nents of MFN decryÐmoving China to rogue year long. should not receive most favored nation status H4262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 because it does not reciprocate the trade ben- USA entirely, it is 228,000 jobs. China will further our national interests of efits that we grant them with MFN. has been reported as the world’s third helping China into the community of But the most disturbing violations in China largest economy, after the United nations as a stable partner which re- are the gross negligence of human rights in States and Japan. It has, by far, the spects human rights and contributes to that nation. China persecutes millions of reli- world’s highest annual growth rate of 9 our global economic trading system. gious believers of the Christian, Muslim, percent. We cannot exclude American My colleagues on both sides of the Buddist and Jewish faiths. The severity of this companies, farmers, workers, goods, aisle have raised valid and legitimate religious persecution has been well-docu- and services from this large market. concerns about the unfair trade prac- mented by the international human rights com- For the sake of our businesses, our tices, but revoking MFN status is not munity. jobs, and our workers, we must reject the way to go about it. Enforcing exist- Chinese Christian women are hung by their this resolution. We must not slam the ing international trade laws and thumbs from wires and beaten with heavy door on one-fourth of the world’s popu- targeting sanctions might be a more rods. They are denied food and water, and lation. If we really want to promote prudent course. shocked with electric probes for simply seek- human rights and civil rights, and I do, Mr. Speaker, the 20th century will be ing to openly practice Christianity. and we want to plant the seeds of mu- recorded as America’s century. As we Freedom House reports that there are more tual understanding, then continue nor- move into this next century to main- Christians imprisoned for religious activity in mal trade relations. I urge opposition tain our position of economic pre- China than in any other nation in the world. of this resolution. eminence and economic dominance, it Four Roman Catholic bishops have been im- Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 would be unwise and imprudent at this prisoned by the Chinese Government for cele- minute to the gentleman from New point for us to revoke MFN. brating mass without official authorization. York [Mr. ENGEL]. b 1400 Evangelical Protestants are arrested and Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I thank my Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I reserve tortured for holding prayer meetings, preach- colleague for yielding me this time. I the balance of my time. ing and distributing Bibles without state ap- rise in strong support of the resolution Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 proval. Churches of all faiths have been offi- denying MFN for China. minutes to the gentleman from Ne- cially banned and replaced by ``patriotic asso- Those who argue against it say this braska [Mr. CHRISTENSEN], a very val- ciations'' created by the Communist govern- is not the right vehicle. I would say to ued member of the Committee on Ways ment. my colleagues, what is the right vehi- and Means. These appalling human rights violations in cle? If I had another vehicle, I would Mr. CHRISTENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I combination with their arms control violations try it, but the Chinese Government has have thought a lot about this issue. and high tariff barriers are very powerful rea- thumbed its nose. They do not even There are people on both sides of this sons to deny MFN for China. I urge my col- give us a hook to hang our hat on. issue who have struggled over it, peo- leagues to vote ``Yes'' on this resolution. We talk to them about human rights. ple of faith, people that I respect im- Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 11⁄2 A recent report said that there is no mensely. There is not a right or wrong minutes to the gentleman from Arkan- dissident activity in China anymore. answer on this decision. Nobody knows sas [Mr. BERRY]. They have suppressed all of it. We what the right answer is, but I support Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, I rise know what they are doing with Hong MFN this year and I supported it last today in support of most-favored-na- Kong now. We know what they are year because I believe that taking MFN tion status for China. Only last year, doing with the trade deficit in selling status away is going to do more to the U.S. Congress told the American weapons to Iran; what they did in Tai- harm than help for Christians in China. farmer, we want you to compete in a wan, what they have done in Tibet. The This past week we had an oppor- free market situation. In the 1970’s the list goes on and on and on. tunity to talk to some Wycliffe Bible American farmer was successfully When does it end? When does our translators. They said: doing that and the U.S. Government Government stand for something? Taking MFN away is going to cause every unilaterally embargoed its markets to When is the almighty dollar not the one of our Bible translators to be viewed as the point that they destroyed those most important thing? a suspect of the government, an agent of the markets and precipitated the agri- I think that we in this country say State. You take MFN status away from culture crisis of the 1980’s. that we stand for human rights and de- China, you are going to cause real persecu- tion upon all the Bible translators and mis- I beg my colleagues not to allow this mocracy and self-determination. There sionaries in China. to happen again. China has 25 percent are more than 1 billion Chinese people So people of faith are in disagree- of the world’s population and 7 percent who are looking toward us, they are ment over this issue. Yes, everything of the arable lands. We sell them 4 bil- looking toward us, they are looking for that has been said is true about the lion dollars’ worth of agricultural prod- us to stand for something. They are persecution, about the human rights ucts each year. Even Rev. Billy Gra- looking for us to help them throw off abuses. But the correct answer has not ham says, this is a good idea to trade oppression of their Government. When been resolved yet. Taking it away, tak- with China and it will improve their does this end? No dissident activity? ing MFN status away, is not clear and country and ours. We must have access We cannot tolerate this. Support the conclusive evidence that it is going to to the international marketplace if we resolution. Reject MFN for China. improve things over there. I believe expect our farmers to succeed. I urge Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 what Billy Graham has said and other my colleagues to vote for MFN for minute to the distinguished gentleman missionary organizations have said is, China and against the resolution. from Tennessee [Mr. FORD]. ‘‘Stay engaged, keep the process going, Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 (Mr. FORD asked and was given per- stay involved, keep the dialogue open. minute to the gentleman from Michi- mission to revise and extend his re- We can bring them around to our way gan [Mr. KNOLLENBERG], my very good marks.) of thinking.’’ friend and one of the hardest workers Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, today I rise When I was over in Hong Kong I in the cause for MFN. to oppose this resolution. In my esti- talked to a man who said, JON, we are Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Mr. Speaker, I mation, this debate boils down to a moving in the right direction. Yes, we rise today to support normal trade re- simple question. Will we choose to iso- are not moving as quickly as we want lations for China. American workers late China, or will we remain actively to move. But your culture is not any benefit most from the trading status engaged? better. You have allowed abortions out with China. I believe that a policy of engagement of convenience. Yes, we have had them The facts I think are very clear. If we and not isolation is a powerful tool for also, but you have allowed abortions reject MFN, we do not improve the change and will enhance our ability to out of convenience. You are the largest trade deficit, but we do lower or ap- positively influence China’s policy. exporters of pornography. You have the prove the loss of exports to China. In China is the world’s most populous na- largest murder rate, the highest per- my State of Michigan alone, there is tion and has the potential to be the centage of murder rate and rate of some $215 million in exports and over world’s most dynamic economic power teenage dropout in high school. Your 5,000 jobs. If we translate that into the in the 21st century. Continuing MFN culture is not any better than in China. June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4263 When we get over this debate and definite nonconditional extension in will not be France, Germany, Japan. people of faith disagree on this issue, 1995. It ratified the Chemical Weapons They will not be there. There will be a let us turn our focus back on America Convention. It has signed the Com- big silent spot. Does that mean we and start cleaning up our own back- prehensive Test Ban Treaty. have been 100 percent accurate and yard before we continue to look at Yes, there are problems with that, good in everything we have done in our China. Renewing MFN is the best way but we have other ways we deal with dealings with China? No. We have not. of solving the persecution over there; that. Time and again, the administra- We should speak up. We should do some staying engaged, staying involved, and tion has taken actions to impose sanc- things. We crafted a bill which will do moving the ball forward. Vote for tions against the Chinese for prolifera- that. But the answer is not to throw MFN. tion activities. We have put the laws the baby out with the bath water. The Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 on the books to do that. We have the answer is not to walk away from this minute to the gentleman from Hawaii laws to deal with copyright and other relationship. [Mr. ABERCROMBIE]. trade violations. What this says is that Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I am Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker, I we will have normal trading practices pleased to yield 1 minute to the gen- thank the gentleman for yielding time to open the doors to deal with the Chi- tleman from California [Mr. LANTOS], a to me. nese, and on individual cases we can cochair of the Human Rights Caucus of Mr. Speaker, I am speaking today impose laws to deal with them. Let us the Congress of the United States. near the end of this debate as a mem- not shut the door. It will do nobody Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, there are ber of the Committee on National Se- any good. a dozen good reasons to deny most-fa- curity. I think that before we cast any Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I am vored-nation treatment for China, vote we should think about the na- happy to yield 2 minutes to the gen- ranging from the persecution of Chris- tional security implications. tleman from Arizona [Mr. SALMON], one tians to the selling of weapons of high- In today’s Washington Post, to go no of our greatest and hardest working technology to despicable countries, to further than the most contemporary champions and one of the initiators of the theft of our intellectual property, moment, Mr. Speaker, ‘‘U.S. is big the whole plan to deal with democracy to discrimination against American ex- market for firms owned by the Chinese and human rights in China. ports. But we all know what is going to military.’’ The People’s Liberation Mr. SALMON. Mr. Speaker, this has happen here. They will get MFN be- Army is now being called in some quar- been a very tumultuous year, espe- cause even if this body should approve ters the People’s Liberation Army, In- cially for our relations with China. As this resolution, the administration will corporated. We find ourselves in cir- we go forward and have this debate yet veto it, and we do not have the votes to cumstances where military-related one more time on whether or not we override it. firms now are working in our seaports, should extend most-favored-nation sta- they are involved in shipping. tus with China, Members, look deep in- So my plea is to my undecided col- The military is pervasive throughout side. leagues, the only thing we are dealing China. It is against our national secu- I have to say that those who are op- with is the sending of a message to the rity interests to go forward with most- posing the most-favored-nation status, Communist totalitarian regime in favored-nation status for China at this people like the gentleman from New Beijing. Let us send a strong message. point. It reminds me of the 1960’s. We Jersey, Mr. CHRIS SMITH and the gen- Let us tell them that we can stand on find ourselves walking down a path to- tleman from Virginia, Mr. FRANK principle. ward confrontation with China which WOLF, to me are heroes by every When a year ago this body unani- need not occur if we are able to see stretch of the imagination. I have mously approved my resolution giving today that we should not grant most- watched them before I came to Con- the right to the President of Taiwan to favored-nation status. gress and since I have been here, and I visit his alma mater in Cornell, we Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 11⁄2 have been amazed at their ability to stood on principle. When we voted not minutes to the gentleman from Texas articulate passionate beliefs which to move the Olympics to Beijing, we [Mr. BENTSEN]. they care deeply about. stood on principle. Today at least we (Mr. BENTSEN asked and was given There are some, however, not nec- should stand on principle. permission to revise and extend his re- essarily just within this body but with- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. marks.) out, as well, who would like to have us LAHOOD). The Chair announces that Mr. BENTSEN. Mr. Speaker, I rise believe that this issue is simply cut when we get close to closing, we will go today in support of extending MFN and dried, that those who support in this order of closing: The gentleman trading status with China and against most-favored-nation trading status are from New York [Mr. SOLOMON] will go the resolution. All of us are concerned profiteers, that they are out there first; the gentleman from Kentucky about China and their actions, whether working for the interests of corporate [Mr. BUNNING] will go second; the gen- it be religious persecution, treatment America, and that those who are tleman from California [Mr. MATSUI] of Taiwan, weapons proliferation, their against it care deeply about human will go third; the gentleman from Cali- human rights violations, or their ques- rights and that is the end of the story. fornia [Mr. STARK] will go fourth; and tionable trade and copyright practices. In fact, I have heard slogans that say the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. The fact is, do we really believe, if we something like profit over substance, CRANE] will close the debate. pull out of normal trading relations or profit over principle. The Chair recognizes the gentleman with China, that our industrial allies The fact of the matter is, nothing from California [Mr. MATSUI]. and other trading allies that we just could be further from the truth. When 1 met with in Denver are going to follow I served a mission for my church in Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 ⁄2 our action and pull out as well? Of that region of the world in the 1970’s, I minutes to the distinguished gen- course not. What they are going to do grew to love the Chinese people. I grew tleman from Florida [Mr. DAVIS]. is fill the void and turn a blind eye to to love them deeply. When I saw the Mr. DAVIS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, the concerns we have as a Nation. massacre at Tiananmen Square, part of today I rise in strong opposition to the What we will do is to cut off our nose me died that day, because people who motion of disapproval, and in support to spite our face, and walk away from cared deeply about freedom, people of continuing our normal trade status one of the largest markets at the ex- who cared deeply about their convic- with China. Opponents of most-favored- pense of American jobs. tions, were wasted away. We want to do nation status say we must send a state- We have heard a lot about security something. We want to thump China in ment to China, a message. concerns, and there are some things we the nose. We want to do the right In some respects I agree with that. should be concerned about. There is no thing. China must know as a nation we will question about that. But we also But the answer is not to walk away be vigilant in our efforts to fight should consider some facts: that China from this relationship, because if we do human rights abuses, and we will has adhered to the Nonproliferation nobody will be at the table articulating watch closely the transition of power Treaty of 1992, and it supported the in- the things we care about so deeply. It with respect to Hong Kong, that we H4264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 will not tolerate acts of aggression to- Conditioning MFN for China provides the out against China’s human rights ward their neighbors, and most impor- United States with the best leverage to im- abuses, and I will continue to do so. I tantly, we will continue to work to prove human rights and send a strong signal also know that, since beginning nego- open their market to exporters. about its weapons sales because preferential tiations, changes have taken place. But the real question today is wheth- access to the United States market is critical Normal trade relations are importing er MFN is the proper vehicle to send to China's authoritative regime. Societies and exporting more products. They are this message, and whether revoking based on democratic principles and respect exporting an understanding of our MFN advances our interests on these for basic human rights and freedoms make the democratic standards. issues. The answer to both these ques- best neighbors and the best trading partners. In 1994, the state compensation law tions is no. MFN is not a referendum I'm aware that United States business ex- was passed allowing Chinese citizens to on China’s policies. It is not a sense-of- ports to China in 1993 totalled $8.8 billion. In sue Government officials and collect the-Congress resolution that we have the meantime, China's trade surplus with the damages. Similar laws have passed but serious differences with China. It is not United States has grown from $6 billion in they would not have occurred without just a symbolic vote, allowing us to 1989 to $45 billion last year with many of the U.S. influence. Denying normal trade send a message to the Chinese that we Chinese products being produced by forced status to China would do nothing more are unhappy with their leadership. It is labor. than transfer trade to our inter- a real vote with real implications, both While I recognize the importance of MFN re- national competitors and give ammu- at home and abroad. newal to my home State of Michigan and its nition to anti-American hard liners If we are concerned about Hong businesses, this must be weighed with the within China who will use our denial as Kong, we must not undermine their overriding goal of trying to foster a more hu- an excuse to reverse advances that economic stability at a point when mane way of life for the Chinese people, par- have already been made. I urge a vote that leverage is vital to protecting ticularly as it impacts the rest of the world. against the resolution. their freedoms. If we are concerned Last week the Spence amendment restrict- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I reserve about religious persecution in China, ing supercomputers to those countries that the balance of my time. let us listen to the missionaries who violate nonproliferation agreements passed by Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 fear serious repercussions if we revoke a 332 to 88 vote. minutes to the gentleman from Texas MFN. If we are concerned about mar- Last night, this House passed the [Mr. DELAY], our distinguished whip. ket access to our exports, we should Rohrabacher amendment restricting funds to Mr. DELAY. Mr. Speaker, I under- not set off a trade war which could Russia if they transfer certain missile systems. stand the deep feelings of the oppo- raise tariffs up to 70 percent and effec- Mr. Speaker, this is the people's House. We nents of MFN and I have deep sym- tively cut off our economic relation- need to send a message to the people around pathy with those feelings. But the ship, estimated to cost consumers this globe that human rights violations and the question before us is very simple. Will nearly $30 billion. transfer of horrific technology-chemical and revoking MFN lead to more freedom in Indeed, if we want China to act in ac- nuclear proliferation must end today. China? In my view, the answer is a re- cordance with established inter- China MFN will continue. The President has sounding no. I want to send the Com- national principles, let us not isolate the votes, but we can send a message that munist Chinese Government a message them from commercial, cultural, and this practice of so many bad things must end. regarding human rights and religious religious exchanges. Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 freedom. But I believe that cutting off Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to minute to the gentleman from North MFN is a very ineffective way to send vote against the motion for dis- Carolina [Mr. WATT]. that message, and in sending that mes- approval, and to support continued Mr. WATT of North Carolina. Mr. sage, we are taking freedom away from MFN status for China. Speaker, the last time this issue came Americans. Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I yield before Congress I voted to extend MFN Mr. Speaker, free trade leads to free- such time as he may consume to the trading status to China. I felt that en- dom, and capitalism is a synonym for gentleman from Michigan [Mr. UPTON]. gagement was our best hope for getting freedom. (Mr. UPTON asked and was given Will revoking MFN help those Chi- permission to revise and extend his re- China to act more responsibly on issues of human rights, international affairs, nese who are being persecuted by their marks.) Government? Will revoking MFN stop Mr. UPTON. Mr. Speaker, I rise in and international trade. the Chinese Government from selling support of the motion to deny most-fa- Since that vote, however, China has dangerous weapons to unstable coun- vored-nation trading status. shown no progress on any of these is- tries? Will revoking MFN end barbaric Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to re- sues. On human rights the State De- social practices within China? I fear newal of most-favored-nation trading status for partment’s 1996 report confirms that that the answer to all those questions China. I supported MFN renewal last year be- China continues to commit widespread is a big no. Instead of closing the door lieving that I should try the theory of engage- human rights abuses, and in 1996 China on China, we should be forcing that ment for 12 months and see what happens. actually stepped up efforts to cut off Well, it's now 12 months later and what ac- protest and criticism. door open to open even wider. Instead tions has the Chinese leadership undertaken. On international affairs, China is of taking away freedom from Ameri- Allow me to read some headlines for some of transferring dangerous weapons and cans, we should empower our citizens our Nation's papers this year: technology to Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria, to fully engage China. ``U.S. Confirms China Missile Safe to Iran'', Pakistan, and Burma. On international We should have congressional delega- ``China called Obstinate over talks about trade, Chinese tariffs on our exports tions going to China demanding that Tibet'', average 35 percent, while our tariffs on the Chinese Government free political ``China Buys U.S. Computers, Raising Arms Chinese imports average 2 percent, and and religious prisoners. We should dis- Fears'', our 1996 trade deficit with China was allow visas for any member of the Chi- ``China joins forces with Iran on short-range $40 billion. In the face of this, Mr. nese Government who is a known missile''. Speaker, I simply cannot be in support human rights violator, and we should The United States has given the Chinese 8 of extending MFN status, and I urge a press on many different fronts to make years of warnings and demands for improved vote in support of that proposition. our views known to the Chinese Gov- human rights and to stop selling weapons and ernment that we care how they treat b advanced missile and nuclear weapons tech- 1415 their citizens. But we should not cut nology to rogue nations like Iran or Pakistan. Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 the strongest link we have with the It's time to act now and take decisive action. minute to the gentlewoman from New people of China especially now that No more carrot and stick approach. Just as York [Mrs. MALONEY]. Hong Kong is falling under the control the United States brought pressure on the So- Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Mr. of the Beijing regime. viet Union to allow Jews to emigrate and on Speaker, often in this Congress we are That link is trade. And the trade link South Africa to end apartheid, and on South faced, as we are today, with two imper- is the lifeline for many Chinese who see Korea to become more democratic, we must fect choices. As a delegate to the U.N. America not as an adversary but as a keep up our pressure on China. conference in Beijing, China, I spoke friend. And this is not just my view. In June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4265 a statement supporting MFN for China, soar out of control. In the past 5 years is no question that China will be, and Dr. Samuel Ling, who happens to be it has more than doubled. This year it is today, but will only continue in its program director of the Institute for is expected to hit about $53 billion. status as a world power. And in that Chinese Studies at Wheaton College’s Supporters of the status quo claim economy we will have a choice in terms Billy Graham Center, said: History that revoking most-favored-nation sta- of whether we want to be part of that since 1979 has proved that as the United tus will hurt our exports to China. Let growth and part of that synergy of the States engages China, a more open, us take a look at the numbers. China world economy or not. pluralistic atmosphere develops, and exports about a third of their goods I urge my colleagues to reject this both the standard of living and human here, a third of what they produce resolution in terms of the opportunity rights and freedoms, including reli- comes here. What percentage of Amer- to continue just the normal trading gious freedom, tend to improve. Wash- ican exports make it to China? Less status, not really a most favored status ing our hands of China is simply irre- than 2 percent, 1.7 percent. We export at all. sponsible. Let us not impose a false iso- more to Belgium. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. lation of China that diminishes our in- What kind of things are we exporting LAHOOD). The Chair would advise all fluence, hurts the very people we want to China? A lot of high technology Members that the gentleman from Illi- to help and takes freedom away from equipment and machinery that China nois [Mr. CRANE] has 7 minutes remain- American citizens. is using for questionable ends, ends ing; the gentleman from California I urge my colleagues to vote down like stealing intellectual property, [Mr. STARK] has 9 minutes remaining; this disapproval motion, and let us give building up their military and spread- the gentleman from California [Mr. a helping hand to those who are now ing weapons of mass destruction. MATSUI] has 12 minutes remaining; the being persecuted in China. Is this the behavior we are supposed gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 to reward with most-favored-nation BUNNING] has 101⁄2 minutes remaining; minutes to the gentleman from Michi- status? Is this the behavior we take as and the gentleman from New York [Mr. gan [Mr. BONIOR], distinguished minor- evidence of a growing respect for SOLOMON] has 3 minutes remaining. ity whip. human rights? Is this what we call en- The Chair recognizes the gentleman Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, brutal ef- gagement? from Kentucky [Mr. BUNNING]. ficiency, prison, torture, executions, If America grants most-favored-na- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I reserve these are the tools of the Chinese lead- tion status to China, we should call it the balance of my time. ers. These are the tools they use to what it is: It is looking the other way. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield muffle the voice of anybody who dares Revoking most-favored-nation status such time as he may consume to the speak out against basic liberties. Tar- will not signal disengagement from gentleman from Iowa [Mr. LEACH]. iffs, regulations, piracy, these are the China or that China is the enemy, but (Mr. LEACH asked and was given per- tools Chinese leaders use to keep revoking that status will send a strong mission to revise and extend his re- American goods out of China. They are message to China’s leaders. If they marks.) effective tools, tools that have been want the best possible access to these Mr. LEACH. Mr. Speaker, there is probably sharpened into economic and political markets which they have a third of no bilateral relationship more important than weapons, weapons that cut at the very their exports going to now, they have that between China and the United States. heart of our belief in fairness, freedom, to uphold their end of the deal. The evolution of Sino-American relations over and democracy. Looking the other way does not the next decade will be of profound import not As we speak today, every Chinese ac- make the problem go away. Looking only for stability in the Asia-Pacific region, but tivist, every voice of dissent, every ad- the other way only makes the problem for the world. vocate of freedom and democracy in a worse, and looking the other way at in- In this regard it must be understood that country of 1 billion people is either in justice wherever it is undermines our most favored nation [MFN] trade statusÐthat jail or in exile. According to the State credibility, our leadership and our is, normal trade relationsÐis the linchpin of Department, not a single dissident is moral authority in a world that needs Sino-American economic relations. it is also a free in all of China. it more than ever. natural extension of the open door policy that I want to talk briefly about one This is a vote about what our future hallmarked American involvement in China at brave voice who languishes in Chinese is going to look like. If we do not stand the end of the 19th century. By contrast, rev- prison. His name is Wei Jing Sheng. up for the principles of democracy and ocation of MFN would effectively drive a stake Because he spoke out for democracy, human rights in China, we risk losing through the heart of our economic ties with he has been forced to endure two dec- those principles here at home. If we do China and place in grave jeopardy our future ades of prison, labor camps, and soli- not stand up for decent wages and safe relationship with one-fifth of the world's popu- tary confinement. Mr. Wei’s message, working conditions and environmental lation. that China needs democracy, frightens protections in China, we risk losing the Hence it is crucial that the issue of extend- the Government so much that his quality of life we have worked so hard ing MFN be delinked from the aberrational guards will not allow him to even have for here at home. We cannot designate issue of the moment, in this case ongoing a pen and paper. To dictators who fear China as one of our most favored na- campaign finance investigations. the truth, this humble electrician is a tions without debasing our standards, These issuesÐMFN which is fundamentally dangerous man. But Mr. Wei is not the damaging our credibility, and betray- about relations between two peoples, and first electrician to stand up to cruel ing the ideals on which America campaign finance abuses which likely involve corrupt regimes. In the early 1980’s, stands. the foolish actions of a fewÐare distinct. Lech Walesa said enough is enough and Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 While Congress has a profound obligation to launched a fight for freedom that minute to the gentleman from Florida review the allegations of illegal involvement by spread across eastern Europe and even- [Mr. DEUTSCH]. foreigners and perhaps their governments in tually the Soviet Union itself. Mr. DEUTSCH. Mr. Speaker, there is the American political process, perspective Like Lech Walesa, Mr. Wei is a sim- a fundamental choice that we are mak- must be maintained. Campaign indiscretions ple, direct man. He stands firm in his ing today. That is a choice of engage- are about deal-making conflicts of interest; belief in democracy. But, for now, his ment versus nonengagement with MFN is about the future of the planet. voice has been silenced. So we must China. It is unfortunate that most-fa- In the context of the recent Presidential speak for him and for all the people in vored-nation status is called most-fa- campaign, it must be understood that the most prison who have been speaking their vored-nation status. It would much appropriate antidote to campaign finance vio- conscience, just as we spoke for Lech more appropriately be called trading lations is for the Justice Department to uphold Walesa a decade ago. status. Among the countries today in vigorously current law and the Congress to For 8 years we followed a policy of the world that have most-favored-na- work forthrightly on campaign finance reform. engagement with China, and the tion status with the United States of As for the Chinese, Beijing would be well human rights situation has only gotten America are Syria, Iran, and Iraq. It is advised to conduct its own inquiry into this af- worst. The same is true for our trade a choice that we are making to isolate fair, encourage openness and full disclosure deficit with China, which continues to ourselves. Into the next century there and not shield any potential witnesses from H4266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 the accountability required by United States Will China honor its agreements with the and challenges of modern China is also one of law enforcement and congressional oversight. British and allow a two-systems approach to the central foreign policy challenges of our By way of background, this Member has internal government? We cannot know the an- time. long believed that when confronted with the swer to this question. But this Congress can Revocation of MFN would not be responsive choice of high walls versus open doors in certainly point out to Beijing the enormously to that challenge. It would not effectively ad- Sino-American relations, open doors are pref- destabilizing consequences of any substantial dress our legitimate concerns on human erable. Hence my historically strong support mishandling of the Hong Kong transition. rights, nonproliferation, Taiwan, or trade. On for maintaining MFN. Though I favor uncondi- Clearly, the United States has important and the contrary, it would constitute a supremely tional MFN for China at this time, I do not financial as well as philosophical interests at self-destructive act. favor MFN unconditionally for all countries at stake in Hong Kong's smooth and successful The United States would be far better to de- all times. MFN is all about reciprocity. The transition to Chinese sovereignty on July 1. It velop a bipartisan and biinstitutional approach best way for countries to have good sustain- is certainly the hope and expectation of the that maintains the open door to China and able economic relations is to have reciprocal Congress that Hong Kong will remain one of with it a relationship that could be key to open markets, and the best way to achieve the world's most vibrant and productive soci- peace, stability, and prosperity in the 21st cen- reciprocity in trade is to get politics out of eco- eties, that it will enjoy the substantial auton- tury than to annually threaten this political nomics into the market. omy promised to it by the People's Republic of brinksmanship on the House floor. I urge the With this in mind, Congress should not hesi- China, and that fundamental freedoms of its defeat of this self-defeating legislation. tate to renew China's MFN status, preferably people will be fully protected and respected Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 on a multiyear basis in conjunction with Chi- after 1997. In addition, it is self-evident that minute to the gentleman from Illinois na's entrance into the World Trade Organiza- China's handling of the Hong Kong transition [Mr. MANZULLO]. tion [WTO] on commercially acceptable terms. will powerfully affect attitudes toward the main- Mr. MANZULLO. Mr. Speaker, this is In this regard, it is my view that in the next land in Taiwan. not a vote about who is more against century relations between states will relate In this regard, it is interesting to note that religious persecution in China. We all more to the capacity of the business commu- perhaps the only revolutionary leader held in deplore violations of human rights not nity to advance mutuality of interest than to high esteem by China, as well as Hong Kong just in China but in the entire world. the efforts of public officials to advance a civil and Taiwan, is Sun Yat-sen, whose principal Defeating MFN will not stop human dialog. Public policy is nonetheless crucial, for contribution to Chinese political theory, beyond rights abuses in China. Many Christian what is at stake is the advancement of the nationalism, is the precept of a three stage, ministries with an outreach to China rule of lawÐwhether it relates to U.N. Charter guided evaluation to political democracy. Per- believe that religious persecution will ideals, arms control, or rules of trade. haps because it has a manageable population get worse in China if MFN is defeated. With regard to the latter issue, the obvious base, perhaps because it is located in the cur- For these Christian missionaries it is deserves repetition: Common rules of trade rents of trade and sits as a cultural and com- their life’s work. They are the experts on religious freedom. The Rev. Billy are in the vested interest of all countries which mercial island-bridge between China, Japan, Graham, his son Ned, the president of want to be part of the modern world. Those and the Americas, Taiwan has led the way the National Association of nations which want privileged status to protect with political and economic democracy and the Evangelicals, the President of Moody their own industries, usually on grounds of the least divisions of wealth of any industrializing Bible Institute, Fr. Robert Sirico, old infant industries argumentation, generally society. A generation ago its leading party, the president of the Acton Institute, and hurt themselves. As recently pointed out by Kuomintang, while rightist, resembled in orga- Bob Grant of Christian Voice, they all perhaps the most erudite 20th century head of nization the Communist Party of China. Today encourage us to remain engaged with state, Vaclav Havel, there is little more coun- it looks more like Margaret Thatcher's Con- terproductive for developing economies than China. servative Party. Tomorrow, who knows? The MFN is at the heart of America’s en- protectionism. Financial services is a classic only thing that is certain is that the future of gagement policy with China. MFN, if it example. While China has become dramati- Hong Kong will have a bearing. is revoked, is the wrong vehicle to pro- cally more integrated into the international fi- Deng Xiaoping underscored the new Chi- test China’s behavior. If Chinese goods nancial system over the last decade and a nese pragmatism with his cat and mice meta- are being illegally dumped here, we half, it has only taken modest steps to open phor, and by promoting ``socialism with Chi- have laws against that and the same up its banking, insurance, and financial service nese characteristics.'' That pragmatism has with goods that may be made in slave industries to foreign competition. Yet in my led to unprecedented social and economic labor camps. We can stop that here view China and its economy would be far bet- change in China. Indeed, despite continued with existing laws. ter off to welcome United States and other for- political repression, China may be changing eign financial institutions and their panoply of more rapidly that any other country in the b 1430 low-cost commercial and investment banking world. Not only is it looking outward to trade Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 products. and establishing a market-oriented internal minute to the gentleman from Mary- As for Hong Kong's return to China, this is economy, but in terms of private discussion land [Mr. WYNN]. clearly one of the seminal events of our time. there is much more freedom of expression Mr. WYNN. Mr. Speaker, I rise in op- For the West, it marks the end of a transition than existed two decades ago. Privately, one position to renewal of most-favored-na- from colonial rule that began at the end of the can criticize the Government without repercus- tion status for the People’s Republic of Second World War and the end of an imperial sion; it is public criticism that remains shack- China. This is, basically, a question of presence in Asia. For China, in conjunction led. This latter circumstance is indefensible, fairness and of common sense. The fact with the return of the Portuguese colony in but the looseness of controls on the farmer is of the matter is that we have a tremen- Macao in 1999, Hong Kong's transfer marks not without significance. Nonetheless, China's dous trade deficit with China. China the end of its traumatic colonial experience. In social and economic transformation can't pro- does not allow U.S. products in. China the short run, China has made its intentions ceed in the long run without effecting political imposes tremendously high and unfair clear. It intends to hold the reigns of freedom change. At some point Beijing's new leaders tariffs. in Hong Kong rather more tightly than Gov. must recognize the incompatibility of free en- Mr. Speaker, this is simply a ques- Chris Patten. In the long run, one's confidence terprise and an authoritarian political system, tion of common sense. Our choice is in the future of Hong Kong depends on one's and must recognize as well that instability can not either isolate or engage. We also confidence in China and its ability to learn be unleashed in society when governments have the choice to negotiate, to say to both from its own experience and the experi- fail to provide safeguards for individual rights China, ‘‘We want to trade but on fair ence of others. Clearly, it's in China's interest and fail to erect political institutions adaptable terms. You should not have such a to see the one country, two systems, concept to change and accountable to the people. trade imbalance. You should not block successfully implemented. After all, Hong Whether the 21st century is peaceful and our products. You should not pirate our Kong's financial and managerial expertise is whether it is prosperous will most of all de- intellectual property. You should not crucial to China's modernization drive and pend on whether the world's most populous trade arms to our enemies.’’ These are Hong Kong companies have accounted for country can live with itself and become open things that we can negotiate while over half of all outside investment in China, to the world in a fair and respectful manner. maintaining a relationship. while Chinese concerns have invested over How the United States, its allies, and the inter- People say, well, MFN will give us a $60 billion in Hong Kong. national system responds to the complexities better situation in all these areas. The June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4267 fact of the matter is, we granted MFN because they know a butcher when those who are part of the official Com- last year and the situation got worse. they see one. munist controlled church, and that is In fact, our trade deficit this year is 41 Today’s vote is about dying rooms it. Step outside the boundaries of the percent worse than it was last year. So and inhumane orphanages, where baby government church and the full weight there is no empirical evidence that girls and handicapped children are left of the totalitarian state is visited upon MFN has yielded results. We need to die simply because they are un- you. trade, but we need fair trade and a wanted by the dictatorship. Today’s If you’re a pastor in the underground measure of common sense. vote is about what happened in church—you go to prison. If you meet Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 Tiananmen Square—because what was for Bible study in a setting not ap- minute to the gentleman from America overt in 1989—the silence of dissent—is proved by Beijing, you are harassed— Samoa [Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA]. more covert and sophisticated today. and you may go to a concentration (Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA asked and But the repression remains pervasive camp. I met with Bishop Su of the was given permission to revise and ex- and brutal. Baoding Province. Bishop Su—who is tend his remarks.) Last December, Mr. Speaker, the part of the ‘‘illegal’’ Roman Catholic Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, President coddled the dictatorship’s hit Church aligned with Pope John Paul I have been a member of the House man General Chi Haotian, the Defense II—celebrated mass for our delegation. Committee on International Relations Minister for the People’s Republic of What happened to him? He was ar- now for about 9 years, and I have long China, and gave him the red carpet rested by the secret police and is now been a strong supporter of maintaining treatment. The man who ordered the back in prison for meetings with us. broad, comprehensive ties with the massacre at Tiananmen Square was the Bishop Su is no stranger to persecu- People’s Republic of China. President’s honored guest and during tion, having suffered more than 12 This policy of engagement has been his visit to the U.S. said ‘‘nobody died’’ years for his faith. Now the bully boys upheld in a bipartisan fashion by five at Tiananmen Square. Does anybody in have sent this good man back to the previous administrations, and I support this room believe that? Of course not. gulag. There is no religious freedom in President Clinton in his efforts now for It is utter nonsense, an unmitigated the PRC. Let us stop kidding ourselves. continued engagement with China. We lie; but that is what the Beijing dicta- To those who think trade equals cannot allow America’s broad range, torship is all about—lies. progress in human rights, can you at multi-faceted relationship with China Let me just ask my friends and col- least provide some evidence of that? to be held hostage to any particular in- leagues, how long are we going to con- Let me remind members that there terest or issue. tinue this misguided strategy of con- were business men during the Nazi Mr. Speaker, I do not know if my col- structive engagement? As the previous years, in the 1930’s, who went and trad- leagues realize that when the People’s speaker pointed out, things have gone ed with the Nazis. But at least they did Republic of China was founded in 1949, from bad to worse. During the China not have the temerity to stand up and this government had to provide for human rights period of time when say somehow that human rights were some 400 million people living in China President Clinton had his executive going to break out because the trains in 1949. Now we have got enough prob- order in place, we saw a significant re- were running on time.. lems already on our own. Two hundred gression, not progress but regression in MFN is empowering a brutal dicta- years it has taken us to provide for the every category of human rights. torship. The oppressor is getting bolder needs of 264 million Americans. I think As a matter of fact, one of three and stronger. And meaner. The dic- we need to leave a little slack here in human rights missions to the PRC, I tator will soon begin to project its realizing that this is not whether it is was there at the halfway point during power to its neighbors—the signs are a dogma, it is a Communist, or what, the life of the executive order. During all there. The dictatorship will soon but to provide for the needs of 1.2 bil- the trip I met with Wei Jingsheng, the leave a bristling blue water navy to lion people. father of the democracy movement in project power and influence and to in- Mr. Speaker, we need engagement. the People’s Republic of China. A cou- timidate. We need MFN with China. ple of weeks later, he met with John Let me just note at this point that Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 Shattuck, Assistant Secretary of Dem- my business friends are not adverse to minutes to the distinguished gen- ocrat and Human Rights—Bill Clin- using sanctions when intellectual prop- tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH]. ton’s point man on human rights. How erty rights are involved. Hollywood Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. did the Chinese Government respond to will go to war to protect pirated mov- Speaker, I thank my good friend, the those meetings, especially to the one ies and CD’s. But they shrink like vio- gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. with Secretary Shattuck? They ar- lets when people’s lives are on the line. BUNNING], for yielding me the time. rested Wei, the dictatorship put him in When people, when torture, when Mr. Speaker, whatever decision we prison where he is today—another vic- forced abortion and religious freedom make today, the American people will tim of this brutal dictatorship. are the issue—they walk away and see it as a decision about the role of Let me also remind my colleagues spout ‘‘constructive engagement.’’ morality in U.S. foreign policy, and that if they think trade will trigger de- Vote for the Solomon resolution and they will be right. Mr. Speaker, this is mocracy and respect for human against MFN for this dictatorship. a vote about whether a government rights—they are sadly mistaken. The Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I reserve which practices forced abortion and government of China has gone from the balance of my time. forced sterilization on a massive scale communism to fascism. And respect for Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 should be rewarded or punished. It is a human rights have deteriorated. Who is minute to the gentlewoman from Cali- vote about how a government treats its making big profits in the PRC? The fornia [Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD]. own people, especially people of faith, generals and officers affiliated with the Ms. MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Mr. Catholic bishops, priests and Protes- People’s Liberation Army and those Speaker, this MFN status, as it is tant ministers and Tibetan monks and who are connected to the power struc- called, is nothing more than according nuns. This is a vote about a govern- ture of the dictatorship. And again, we normal trading status to China to fa- ment that routinely uses slave labor have seen significant regression in the cilitate commerce between the two na- and does so with impunity. area of human rights. tions. It is in no way preferential to I have held six hearings in my Sub- On religious freedom, I beg to differ China. MFN keeps tariffs from sky- committee on International Relations vehemently with Billy Graham and rocketing, and it retains a working re- and Human Rights on various aspects others and especially with his son Ned lationship between our two countries. of human rights in China. We heard Graham, who have suggested we should However, some Members of Congress from people who survived the Laogai, continue most-favored-nation status as want to take MFN status away from the gulag system, people like Harry a way of assisting religious liberty. China, citing human rights violations Wu. And I can tell my colleagues, the Nothing could be further from the as an excuse to deny them the equal victims are not in favor of continuing truth. The only people that can prac- trading status that we provide most most-favored-nation status with China tice their religion in the PRC today are countries in the world. I understand H4268 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 these Members’ concerns and want to this resolution. Our goal must be to ington and grapes from California. Be- see improvements in China’s human strengthen our engagement with China cause we remain engaged in trade with rights record myself. However, only to bring her into the international China, we are closer to gaining access through continuous engagement in dia- trading system, whose rules seek to as- for other important commodities. If we logue will we have an opportunity to sure mutual benefit for all trading na- vote to end normal trading relations effect change. tions, to bring her into the inter- today, China will see us as an unreli- It is important to note, however, that national web of agreements, whose goal able supplier of a very important com- from 1990 to 1996, United States exports it is to prevent the proliferation of nu- modity, the food it needs to feed its to China rose by 90 percent, the fastest clear weapons and create the maximum people. growing rate of any major export mar- opportunity to resolve conflicts with- And finally, if we vote against nor- ket. This has been a direct benefit to out war. mal trading relations with China southern California, given its recovery As to the important issue of human today, we can forget about China’s ac- from a recession. One quarter of all rights, we know more about today’s cession to the World Trading Organiza- cargo entering the United States comes problems in China then we did during tion. We have only begun to gain mar- from China. the terror of the cultural revolution keting access to China’s agricultural I urge my colleagues to support MFN precisely because China is far more markets. and to reject this resolution. open and allows far more personal free- b 1445 Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield doms than in the past. Greater individ- With accession to the WTO based on myself 2 minutes. ual economic opportunity has always a commercially viable package, China’s Mr. Speaker, I would like to point fostered over time greater individual state trading enterprises which control out to the Members of this body that freedom and respect for human rights. imports of agricultural commodities three of the four former Presidents We should continue to press China will fall. have endorsed most-favored-nation sta- toward international human rights In the brief time allotted to me, I tus for China: George Bush, Jimmy standards. But engagement, not dis- cannot address all of the reasons we Carter, and Gerald Ford. All three of engagement, will achieve these goals. should continue normalized trade rela- them have for this vote today. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gen- tions with China. There are certainly In addition, every former Secretary tleman from Illinois [Mr. CRANE] has 5 legitimate concerns about human of Defense, Democrat and Republican, minutes remaining; the gentleman rights, religious freedom, international over the last 12 years has supported from California [Mr. STARK] has 8 min- cooperation, U.S. jobs, Hong Kong and MFN for China. We have every Sec- utes remaining; the gentleman from Taiwan. I believe, however, that retary of the Treasury over the last 16 California [Mr. MATSUI] has 8 minutes progress in all of these areas will best years supporting most-favored-nation remaining; the gentleman from Ken- be made, particularly in the area of status for China. We have every Sec- tucky [Mr. BUNNING] has 61⁄2 minutes human rights and religious freedom, by retary of Agriculture and every Sec- remaining; and the gentleman from pursuing ever-increasing dialog and retary of Commerce also supporting New York [Mr. SOLOMON] has 3 minutes constructive engagement rather than MFN for China, as well as every Sec- remaining. reverting to isolationism. retary of State and every USTR, Unit- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I reserve The choices are clear. We can do ed States Trade Representative, that the balance of my time. what America does best or we can re- currently is alive. Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 vert to those things that have been I might also mention, in terms of the minutes to the gentleman from Texas tried and proven to be wrong for Amer- issue of the trade deficit, many are [Mr. STENHOLM]. ica and wrong for those that we per- making much out of the $40 billion (Mr. STENHOLM asked and was ceive to be helping. trade deficit. One needs to look at the given permission to revise and extend I ask that we vote to continue nor- entire region, however. Because if we his remarks.) mal trading relations. Vote against look at Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Mr. STENHOLM. Mr. Speaker, today this resolution before us today. and South Korea, what we have seen is we will decide whether to maintain the Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- a commensurate reduction in their normal trading relations we have had self 3 minutes. trade surplus with the United States as with China since 1980. This vote is crit- Mr. Speaker, I suggest for those of us the trade deficit with China has gone ical to agriculture in the rural areas of who live in such grandeur and have the up. So it is not a loss of United States our country that have made us the No. most productive Nation in the world, jobs, it is a transfer of jobs from these 1 exporter of agricultural products in why not risk? Why not risk ending four countries to China. That is ex- the world. slave labor? actly what is happening in that par- In 1996 alone, we exported over $60 Why not? Because the other side will ticular area. billion in agricultural products. Last say that we cannot offend Boeing who In addition, I might say that this year we had a $1.4 billion trade surplus wants to sell jets to China, and Motor- really is not any longer an issue of with China in agricultural trade. We ola their cell phones. Why do we not trade, this is an issue of diplomacy. If sold over $2 billion of agricultural risk stopping the murder of female ba- we cut off most-favored-nation status products to China. Ending normal trad- bies? No way. Wal-Mart needs those with the Chinese, we will, in essence, ing relations will jeopardize this trade. cheap T-shirts and sneakers. Or why cut off diplomatic relationship with As China reaches out to the rest of not encourage religious freedom? For- the Chinese. What we are really talk- the world to meet more of its food get it. Agriculture needs to sell grain ing about is what the United States- needs, the last thing we should do is and cotton to China, those small fam- China relationship will be 10, 15, 20 pull out of the market. While we clear- ily farmers like Archer and Daniels and years from now. I think that is what ly lead the world in agricultural ex- Midland. we should be focusing on. ports today, many of our friends in Eu- Why did it work in South Africa? China has 21 percent of the world’s rope and Central and South America They tell us we were not alone in population. As a result of that, that re- would relish the opportunity to supply South Africa. We were all alone when lationship will be the most critical re- the Chinese market. Agriculture is one we voted the Helms–Burton bill, were lationship the United States will have. of those things we Americans do best. we not? And why is it that Cuba is I urge a rejection of the resolution by And the jobs that it provides in rural treated real tough and China is not? the gentleman from New York [Mr. areas are good jobs that are performed Maybe it is because Cuba did not make SOLOMON]. with pride by the American farmer and big political contributions to Clinton- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 the workers who supply them; and that Gore and other campaigns. Maybe that minute to our distinguished colleague, is why it is so critical that we main- is why. And maybe that, Mr. Speaker, the gentlewoman from Connecticut tain the markets that we have worked is why we are seeing human decency [Mrs. JOHNSON]. so hard to create. sell out to big money. Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut. Mr. China has opened its markets to live If Members believe that they can Speaker, I rise in strong opposition to cattle, cherries and apples from Wash- stand up for human decency, and if June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4269 Members believe that this country is Since we have begun our policy of en- diplomatic and economic influence in the re- strong enough to compete with anyone gagement, China has made progress to- gion. based on its human values, then they ward halting the proliferation of nu- By engaging China to open markets and will vote for this resolution and send a clear, chemical and biological weapons supporting progressive democratic reforms, message to China that may get them to technology, and China just recently the United States foreign policy regarding change. ratified the chemical weapons treaty. China has had an impact. Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, will the In addition, China has agreed to a mor- The people of China will only realize full de- gentleman yield? atorium on nuclear testing and signed mocratization and liberalization of rights with Mr. STARK. I yield to the gentle- the comprehensive test ban treaty. the long-term, consistent involvement and en- woman from California. Progress will continue to be made if couragement of the United States. Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, it has we use diplomatic pressure and the I urge my colleagues to vote no on this res- been 8 years since the Tiananmen prospect of economic sanctions to se- olution and support our continued engagement Square massacre. Every year at this cure commitments by China. Revoking with China. time the President gives the regime an normalized trade relations will not Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 anniversary present requesting a spe- achieve our human rights goals. minutes to the distinguished gen- cial waiver to grant most-favored-na- Two nations in the region that once tleman from Illinois [Mr. PORTER]. tion status to China. No wonder the had authoritarian regimes, South Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, China is former Presidents and Secretaries of Korea and Taiwan, now are among our one of the world’s major human rights State support renewing MFN. They are strongest allies. Why? Because we built abusers. It ranks right up there with the ones who brought us this failed pol- our relationships on trade and thereby Nigeria, Burma, Turkey, and the icy in the first place. had direct influence in improving Sudan. There is no doubt whatsoever What do we have to show for it? Lost human rights. about this. Each year we debate MFN, jobs, lost freedom, and a more dan- Let us build on our relationships, let we vent our anger and frustration with gerous world. The American people us not tear them apart. Keeping China China and we send messages. I have know it. That is why in a poll yester- as a strong trading partner is the most consistently, Mr. Speaker, voted to cut day, a Business Week poll, the Amer- effective way of preserving our interest off MFN. But nothing ever happens. ican people support, 67 to 18 percent, in a nation that has undergone massive And nothing will happen this year. The revoking MFN for China. change during the last 25 years. Please MFN approach is a legislative and pol- The President and the regime in support the position the gentleman icy dead end. If MFN were eliminated, Beijing should take no comfort from from California [Mr. MATSUI] has advo- surely it would cut off American influ- this vote on the floor today. The Amer- cated so effectively today. ence in China. It might well slow the ican people want a change in policy. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield pace of economic freedom in China Our colleagues have thoughtfully spo- such time as he may consume to the that ultimately, I believe, will lead to ken out to say that if they vote for gentleman from Alabama [Mr. CAL- political freedom. And clearly it would MFN, they still want to see stronger LAHAN]. hurt the common people of Hong Kong actions taken by the Clinton adminis- (Mr. CALLAHAN asked and was who have lived in freedom and under tration. But in order for the Adminis- given permission to revise and extend the rule of law and face an uncertain tration to do that, we need a strong his remarks.) future under Chinese sovereignty. vote in support of the Solomon resolu- Mr. CALLAHAN. Mr. Speaker, being Mr. Speaker, we must move beyond tion today. the foremost authority on foreign aid the MFN exercise to a positive agenda I urge my colleagues to oppose most- in the entire House, I rise in opposition for the values we believe in for all peo- favored-nation status for China by sup- to the proposal today. ple. The gentleman from California porting the Solomon resolution. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my colleague [Mr. DREIER] and I have joined together Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 for allowing me this opportunity to address the with a number of our colleagues and minutes to the distinguished gen- House. will introduce later this week the tleman from California [Mr. FAZIO]. I rise today in opposition to the resolution China Human Rights and Democracy Mr. FAZIO of California. Mr. Speak- under consideration and in favor of normal Act of 1997. It will focus on increasing er, I rise today in opposition to the res- trade relations with the People's Republic of our broadcasts through Voice of Amer- olution to disapprove most-favored-na- China. ica and Radio Free Asia to China to 24 tion status and in support of normal- Let me begin by stating that I have many hours a day. It will bring the truth to ized trade relations with China. problems with the recent conduct of the Peo- the Chinese people about their own Like many of my colleagues, I am ple's Republic of China. country and about ours and about the concerned and often as outraged as From their abysmal human rights record, to world. It will build democracy in China many here on the floor have been about nonadherence on nuclear nonproliferation, to through the National Endowment for China’s continued unfair trade prac- its engagement in discriminatory and unfair Democracy. It will provide a voluntary tices, proliferation of nuclear and trading practices, and China has a long way to code of conduct for U.S. businesses. It chemical arms, and human rights go before this conduct earns the respect of will cut off visas for human rights abuses. But unlike my colleagues who the United States. abusers and proliferators. It will pro- support this resolution, I believe that That said, however, I am also concerned vide new reports on human rights; a cutting normal trade relations will not that disapproving a trade agreement which prisoner information registry; more change China for the better, but will, simply extends to China the same privileges human rights officers in our embassy in fact, slow the pace of democratic granted to all other nations with the exception in Beijing; a report on Chinese intel- and economic reforms in that country of only seven rogue terrorist nations is not the ligence activities; and a disclosure re- while penalizing the United States in most effective way for the United States to in- garding the People’s Liberation Army the process. fluence policy in China. and its commercial activities. Rather than restricting trade, we While I understand and share the concerns Mr. Speaker, I commend my col- should be concentrated on opening Chi- of conservative Christians regarding religious leagues who are so passionately for the na’s markets. We can do this by using persecution in China, I believe a policy of dis- rights of the Chinese people. I am still targeted trade sanctions to persuade engagement could potentially worsen the situ- very much with them. I believe this ex- China to lower import barriers and end ation for religious minorities there, resulting in ercise, however, leads nowhere and unfair trade practices. Last June, the more, rather than less, persecution, and hope they will join us all in an effort United States and China reached an human rights violations. that will really impact Chinese society agreement that has shown how we can Passage of this resolution will have a seri- and advance the cause of democracy, shut down illegal factories; 39 of them ously damaging effect on American business human rights, and the rule of law. were done so. They were producing pi- interests both here and abroad. Enacting a Human rights, democracy, freedom and rated software and computer disks. We policy of trade isolationism with China would equality of opportunity are the values that de- need to take more of this kind of tough roll back the progress which has been made fine us as Americans and they should be re- action. to this point, and would further undermine our flected in our foreign policy. H4270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 Unfortunately, the MFN debate, as well as Moreover, MFN revocation would devastate rights are protected there after June 30. I’ve the administration's policy, pits these prin- one of our best chances at changing China voted for legislation to establish direct U.S. ciples against one another, dividing Congress from withinÐHong Kong, which will come ties with Hong Kong in those areas where it maintains autonomy and have introduced a and the American people, and sending a under Chinese control this time next week. I bill to help protect Hong Kong journalists, mixed message to the Chinese. firmly believe that Hong KongÐa place of who are the first line of defense against ero- As cochairman of the Congressional Human freedom, the rule of law and a nascent de- sion of the freedoms enumerated in the Sino- Rights Caucus, I have been a consistent and mocracyÐhas the potential to change China British Joint Declaration. outspoken critic of the Chinese Government far more than China will change Hong Kong. When Speaker Newt Gingrich returned and its horrendous human rights record. If we take away MFN, Hong Kong will be the from his recent trip to China, he addressed the Congressional Human Rights Caucus and I have always used my MFN vote to protest first casualty. emphasized his support for this kind of ini- China's treatment of its citizens and its rene- If we want to improve the lives of the Chi- tiative. My discussions with the speaker led gade foreign policy of market exploitation and nese people and improve the human rights sit- to formation of an MFN Working Group, weapons proliferation. uation in China, we cannot promote our values which has brought together a group of House Since 1994 when President Clinton formally selectively. members who share a strong commitment to de-linked human rights and MFN, the MFN de- Members of Congress have spoken force- human rights but who have divergent views bate has been an empty threat and has on MFN. Our goal was to come up with legis- fully against MFN today from their heartsÐI lative proposals that would help define an ef- ceased to be an effective means of advancing respect no one in this Congress more than my fective U.S. policy toward China. our values within China. colleagues from California, Virginia, New York, The group is planning to introduce legisla- Today, we have again engaged in a heated and New Jersey who have passionately ad- tion—the China Human Rights and Democ- debate that allows Members to vent their dressed this issue today, and we have worked racy Act—that we believe will be more effec- anger at Beijing, but does little to change Chi- on these issues together for many years. tive than the annual MFN debate in moving nese society for the better. I know that I will not change their minds China toward democracy. Passing this meas- I believe that we must move beyond this an- ure would make Congress a more forceful today, but I ask that after this vote ends today, player in the U.S.-China policy debate and nual exercise in futility toward a real policy that we work together to end this annual de- encourage the administration to integrate which more accurately reflects and more vig- bate and promote a more realistic approach. concerns about human rights and democratic orously promotes American ideals within MFN revocation is a dead-end for Congress, development into all our dealings with China. and we have to move beyond sending mes- China. For this reason, my colleague DAVID DREIER sages to move China in the right direction. I Our bill would increase funding for broad- and I have sought out positive and pro-active casting by Radio Free Asia and Voice of will support MFN today and continue to work America, with a goal of 24-hour broadcasts ideas from many of the leading voices on all with all my colleagues to build a better ap- into China in Mandarin, Cantonese, Tibetan sides of this issue on how we can move our proach to China. I hope that I can count on and other Chinese dialects; increase funding China policy in a more productive direction. their support. for democracy-building activities, such as The legislation that has resulted from this Mr. Speaker, I include the following legal and judicial training, in China through consultationÐthe China Human Rights and op-ed from the Wall Street Journal for the National Endowment for Democracy; ex- pand State Department reporting on human Democracy Act of 1997Ðincludes funding for the RECORD: 24-hour broadcasts into China by Radio Free rights violations and political prisoners; and [From the Wall Street Journal, June 24, 1997] require disclosure of Chinese companies’ ties Asia and the Voice of America in multiple lan- WHY I CHANGED MY MIND ON MFN to the People’s Liberation Army. Our initia- guages. (By John Edward Porter) tive also suggests the formation of a con- It would promote democracy-building activi- gressional commission on human rights ties in China, such as legal and judicial train- Human rights, freedom, democracy, free- abuses in China and in other repressive soci- market economics and the rule of law are eties, including Vietnam, Laos, Burma and ing, and expand reporting on human rights by the values that define America and that the administration. Our legislation prohibits North Korea. must be reflected in our foreign policy. Un- Furthermore, our legislation would in- visas for human rights abusers and those who fortunately, the current MFN debate pits crease both public and private exchanges be- carry out China's irresponsible policies of these principles against one another, divid- tween the American and Chinese peoples, but weapons proliferation. The bill also includes a ing Congress and the American people and it would deny visas for U.S. travel to those voluntary code of conduct for United States sending a mixed message to the Chinese whom the State Department determines to businesses operating in China. We would re- leadership. have committed human rights violations or quire expanded reporting on human rights and I have been a consistent and outspoken who are involved in proliferation of weapons critic of the Chinese government and its de- other important concerns that Members of this or other sensitive technologies. Also, U.S. plorable human rights record. China’s egre- companies would be encouraged to adopt a body have enunciated today, and increase gious behavior is clear, and I have voted re- voluntary code of conduct, to show how they public and private exchanges between the peatedly to revoke most-favored-nation treat Chinese workers and foster our values. United States and China. Finally, we would trade status for China to convey America’s The premise of these initiatives is that we begin the process of creating a Commission outrage over Beijing’s abuses and to pressure can best advance our values through contin- on Security and Cooperation in AsiaÐbased China to mend its ways. What’s also become ued contact with China. This is especially on the successful model of the Helsinki Com- clear to me, however, is that the threat of true as China is about to regain sovereignty over Hong Kong, a center of robust economic mission. MFN withdrawal is not the most effective way to advance our values within China. freedom that would be devasted by MFN rev- The premise behind all these initiatives is With support from successive U.S. presi- ocation. As we have seen in Taiwan and that we can best promote our values by in- dents for MFN renewal, the Chinese have South Korea, economic freedom ultimately creasing our contact with the Chinese people, concluded that our trade threat is an empty leads to political freedom. I believe that and concerns about human rights and democ- one. Nonetheless, we continue to pursue an Hong Kong, a place of freedom and the rule racy should be dealt with in a way that re- annual debate that allows Congress to vent of law and, more recently, a place of democ- sponds directly to those issues. its anger against Beijing but that does noth- racy, will ultimately change China much The China Human Rights and Democracy ing to change Chinese society and move it more than China will change Hong Kong. toward basic freedoms. If we want to bring China into the commu- Act attacks China's abusive policies at their nity of nations, we cannot promote our val- roots by giving the Chinese people the tools to Yes, a vote for MFN withdrawal sends a message. But with a president committed to ues selectively. It is time to recognize that build a civil society and decrease their de- vetoing such a resolution, it is a pointless revoking MFN is a dead-end policy that can- pendence on the Chinese Government. exercise that cannot affect China’s conduct. not succeed in bringing us closer to our Economic freedom and opportunity can pro- Clearly, we need a new, active policy toward hopes for China. Members of Congress have in past years spoken forcefully from their vide a catalyst to increased political freedoms, China and should drop this annual debate. hearts in voting to deny MFN for China. But With this in mind, I began working six but we must not just sit around waiting for this now our minds tell us that we must go be- months ago to develop a list of policy initia- to happen. We must take positive steps to yond sending messages to move China in the tives that could make a difference within bring these changes along, such as the China right direction. China, primarily expanded broadcasts Human Rights and Democracy Act. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 11⁄2 through the Voice of America and Radio Revoking MFN, however, would do nothing Free Asia, a new radio service that brings minutes to the distinguished gen- to accomplish this goal, and would make it dif- uncensored news directly to the Chinese peo- tleman from California [Mr. DREIER]. ficult to take the kinds of actions which will ple. For the past 10 years, I’ve also worked (Mr. DREIER asked and was given bring China into the community of nations as closely with Martin Lee and other domestic permission to revise and extend his re- a responsible member. leaders in Hong Kong to ensure that basic marks.) June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4271 Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, there has Let us get one thing straight. It is AFL–CIO for coming together and been an awful lot of talk throughout important to note right now that no- making this point. I will tell them we this debate over the issue of sending a body is talking about severing rela- have won this debate, we have won it signal. ‘‘Let’s send a signal.’’ They are tions with China. Nobody. Nobody is outside of this Chamber, and next year absolutely right. There are several talking about severing trade relations we will win it inside of this Chamber. very important signals that we should with China. Nobody. In fact, we are not The American people are with us. The be sending. For starters, in just a few even advocating permanent revocation Congress may not be with us, but the days, we are going to see Hong Kong of MFN. If we pass this resolution into people are with us. revert to China. We need to send a sig- law, there is nothing whatsoever to Why should we support the Solomon nal to the freedom-loving people in stop this Congress from renewing MFN, resolution? The administration’s policy China that we want to maintain United and I would be one of the first to help is fundamentally failed. It is not true States-China relations. In fact, the do it at a later date, maybe 3 months to American values. I will tell my col- greatest apostle for freedom there, from now, 6 months from now, 7 leagues it is amoral, and I personally Martin Lee, has made it very clear in months from now. That is why there is believe that it is immoral. his statement that the nonrenewal of really no good reason for us to oppose Why? The Catholic priests and bish- MFN would hurt us badly. We also need this resolution. ops that are in jail, some for saying to send a signal to the international Mr. Speaker, the status quo is simply holy communion. The next time my community, especially our closest al- unacceptable. As I think our side has colleagues approach the rail and when lies in Asia. outlined very forcefully here today, the pastor or the priest says we break Bob Dole made it very clear in a China’s behavior remains repugnant, it the bread of the body of Christ, he re- piece that he wrote today in the Wash- remains dangerous to this country, and members us and the wine for the blood ington Times: it is certainly unacceptable. Our cur- of the Christ, think of the bishops and the priests that are in jail for doing Revoking MFN would engender grave rent policies simply are not working. doubts in all Asian capitals about the wis- To recap, even the State Department this, for this very, very thing. There dom of American policymakers and under- says that human rights abuses are get- are Protestant pastors that are in jail. mine their respect for us as the guarantor of ting worse in China, not better. Let us None of my colleagues go to house Asian stability. not fool ourselves. A new round of reli- churches when they go there, none of We also, Mr. Speaker, need to send a gious persecutions is under way. That my colleagues visit the prisons. The very important signal to American is unforgivable. gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. citizens, American private citizens who China itself announced that its mili- SMITH] and I were in Beijing Prison No. are in China, American citizens there tary spending will increase 15 percent 1. We met with the underground who are spreading the gospel, Amer- this year, and that is 50 percent over church. If we can be with a church, my colleagues can be with a church, too. ican business men and women who are the last 4 or 5 years. It was just 6 And what about the Buddhists, the on the front line pursuing capitalism months ago that China concluded a and pushing our western values into Buddhists who have been raped, the deal with Russia to purchase a missile nuns? Raped with a cattle prod and tor- China, and also to democratic activ- which is specifically designed to kill ists, like our International Republican tured? And what about the Moslems? American sailors. We are a diverse country. There are 80 Institute, out there encouraging de- Mr. Speaker, would it not be worth it mocratization at the village level. It is million Moslems in that country that to delay renewing MFN for China for 3 are being persecuted, and they have very important that these signals be months if China decided to stop buying sent, and the most important signal is more slave labor camps in China then deadly missiles from Russia? Would it thay had in the Soviet Union when to the people of China, the 1.2 billion not be worth it if China stopped reli- Gulag Archipelago was written by Sol- people of China who should know that gious persecution, even made a step in zhenitsyn. we stand with them. The single most that direction? Would it not be worth And they have programs where they powerful force in the 5,000-year history it if a 3-month delay saved a few hun- shoot prisoners and when they drop of China has been the economic re- dred lives? Would it not be worth it? they cut their kidneys out and they forms. We need to stand for MFN and Lives are precious. sell them for 35 to $50,000. in opposition to this resolution. I would ask my colleagues to come They have forced abortions. The gen- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. over here and vote, not to cut off MFN tleman from New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] LAHOOD). The gentleman from Illinois for China but to delay it, so that we and I can tell our colleagues we talked 1 [Mr. CRANE] has 1 ⁄2 minutes remaining; can sit down. The Chinese are the to the people where they were told that the gentleman from California [Mr. smartest people in the world. Let me they were tracked down and women STARK] has 5 minutes remaining; the tell my colleagues, we send this tem- were forced to have abortions. gentleman from California [Mr. MAT- porary measure to them, and they will So why is this an immoral policy or SUI] has 3 minutes remaining; the gen- sit down and we will see a difference. at least an amoral policy? Because of tleman from Kentucky [Mr. BUNNING] My God, would we not have a great those things. has 61⁄2 minutes remaining; and the feeling in our conscience if that hap- Second, the long arm of the Chinese gentleman from New York [Mr. SOLO- pened? Government has reached into our Gov- MON] has 3 minutes remaining. ernment. Charlie Trie, a friend of the b 1500 The first Member to close will be the President has influenced this policy. gentleman from New York [Mr. SOLO- Please come over and vote for this Charlie Trie is in Beijing, probably MON], followed by the gentleman from resolution. watching this debate as the foreign Kentucky [Mr. BUNNING], followed by Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, to close ministry is watching this debate in the gentleman from California [Mr. the debate I yield 61⁄2 minutes to the Beijing. Where are the Riady family? MATSUI], followed by the gentleman gentleman from Virginia [Mr. WOLF]. They have had an influence on this pol- from California [Mr. STARK]. The gen- (Mr. WOLF asked and was given per- icy. They have with money attempted tleman from Illinois [Mr. CRANE] will mission to revise and extend his re- and have been successful, successful in close the debate. marks.) influencing this Government and, indi- The Chair recognizes the gentleman Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, I feel more rectly, this body. from New York [Mr. SOLOMON]. strongly about this issue than any vote And where is John Huang? He will Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I yield I have cast since I have been in this not come forward, and he will not come myself the balance of my time. body. I want to thank all of the groups. forward, but after my colleagues cast Mr. Speaker, we need to send signals I wish I can mention all of the names, their vote 6 or 7 months from now the all right, but we do not need to send but I want to thank the Family Re- story will come out with regard to the do-gooder signals and we do not need to search Council, I want to thank the influence of John Huang when he send feel-good signals. We need to send Catholic bishops and the Catholic con- worked for the Government and then signals that the Chinese Government ference, I want to thank the Christian when he raised money for the Demo- understands. Coalition, and I want to thank the cratic National Committee. H4272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 And major companies, read today’s The guard will probably mock. The First, human rights abuses continue and are Wall Street Journal. Major companies, guard will say to the four bishops, worsening. They have not improved despite and I am not going to mention them, I ‘‘Your American friends forgot you.’’ our so-called policy of engagement * * * not do not want to embarrass anybody or Imagine how it would feel. that there has been much engagement. mention any names, have been pres- But on the other hand, imagine hear- Catholic priests and bishops are in jailÐ sured, pressured with fear of losing ing the U.S. Congress had voted to more and more go in each day for practicing business. deny MFN, and we are not denying their faith outside of Government control. So this Government has been directly MFN, we are sending a message. Can Many have been arrested just for giving mass influenced and this Congress has been my colleagues imagine how encouraged or administering the sacraments. In April, just indirectly influenced by the Chinese they would feel? Natan Shcharansky before the visit to China of the congressional Government. has said he knew that the U.S. people delegation headed by the Speaker and the I fear what would have happened if and the Congress and the Government visit by Vice President AL GORE, the Chinese the same thing had been done during stood with him. arrested the bishop of Shanghai, ransacked the 1970’s and the 1980’s with regard to Let me just end by turning to my his house and confiscated all his religious ma- the Soviet Union. What? Are we giving side. They can take care of their prob- terial. the Soviet Union MFN? lem. We ought not be bailing out this Protestant pastors and house church lead- Third, third, in the light of the mili- fundamentally corrupt policy of this ers are still being thrown in jail in record num- tary buildup the administration’s pol- fundamentally corrupt administration. bers. Beatings and torture are routine. Some icy is one of appeasement. It is a policy Vote to send a message to this admin- reports indicate that Christians are being tor- of appeasement that I believe with istration, vote to send a message to the tured in a prayerful positionÐthey are forced every fiber of my body. Now the Sec- Chinese people, vote to send a message to kneel in a praying position which they are retary of State will not like that be- to the dissidents. Be true to American viciously beaten and their feet are crushed. cause she knows better because she values. Ask, my colleagues, does this Buddhist monks and nuns are tortured and lived in Eastern Europe, she saw what policy fit into American values? Be killed. Tibet has been plundered. The Panchen communism can do. But let there be no with the American people, 67 to 18. Be Lama has been kidnapped and replaced by a mistake. This Clinton policy is a policy on the side of freedom. puppet from Beijing. of appeasement. Do my colleagues remember, those Muslims in the northwest corner of China Now do my colleagues remember the who were here when Ronald Reagan are being persecuted. debates in the House of Commons when gave the Evil Empire speech? In Or- All dissidents are behind bars, in exile, in Winston Churchill got up in the 1930’s lando, FL, he was criticized by many labor camps or under house arrest. The Chi- and talked about what was taking on that side and many in the press, but nese Government has stifled all dissent. place in Nazi Germany. Chamberlain it was the right speech, where he stood There are more slave labor camps in China never listened to him, and the House of out with regard to religious freedom than in the Soviet Union when Alexander Commons never listened to him, and fi- and evangelicals. And do my colleagues Solzehnitsyn wrote his famous book ``The nally it was too late and millions of remember when Ronald Reagan gave Gulag Archipelago.'' Americans and millions of British died. his speech at the Berlin Wall? The The Chinese Government shoots prisoners The same thing is happening with re- State Department said, ‘‘Mr. Reagan, and takes their kidneys and corneas for trans- gard to this. We are going through the don’t mention the Berlin Wall,’’ and plantation. same policies that Winston Churchill Ronald Reagan said in that speech be- Forced abortions and sterilizations continue. went through. cause he knew what he believed in and There is more. I had a briefing, and not many of my he knew the values; Ronald Reagan The long arm of the Chinese Government colleagues have had it. I had the brief- said: has directly influenced the Clinton administra- ing from the CIA, I have had the brief- ‘‘Mr. Gorbachev, tear down the wall.’’ tion and has indirectly influenced this Con- ing from the DIA, and I have had the And the wall came down. gress. briefing from the Office of Naval Intel- When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Charlie Trie is an Arkansas friend of Presi- ligence, and I will not say what one, words in the Declaration of Independ- dent Clinton's. He is now in Beijing and but I said, ‘‘Sir, can you tell me how ence, he said, doesn't seem to be coming back. He helped many Members have had this brief- We hold these truths to be self-evident, raise political contributions and sway policy. ing?’’ I wanted him to tell me 25 or 40. that all men and women are created equal Big time. He said, ‘‘There were three, and you and endowed by their Creator, by God, with The Riady family left the country after alle- are the third.’’ One is sitting in this certain inalienable rights: life, liberty and gations of campaign finance improprieties. Chamber now, and the other one is in the pursuit of happiness. They attempted to sway policy. Maybe they the other body. Those words were not only meant for did sway it. They surely spent enough money If my colleagues have not had the Virginians, they were not only meant trying. DIA briefing and the CIA briefing and for Americans, they were meant for John Huang worked in the Clinton adminis- Office of Naval Intelligence, frankly people in the gulags of China, they tration and raised money for President Clin- those colleagues are voting in igno- were meant for the dissidents, they ton's 1996 campaign. Many think he passed rance because all the material that were meant for the entire world. information on to those closest to the Chinese they told me, and much of what was I beg of my colleagues if they are un- Government. He helped sway policy. said on the floor, that I cannot say, decided, I plead with them, support the Big companies have been silent on human really is true with regard to sales, the Solomon amendment so when the rights, religious freedom and democracy and missiles, with regard to Iran and many priests tomorrow hear, when the bish- are being directly pressured by the Chinese of the other things. They are endanger- ops tomorrow hear, when the dissidents Government. These companies are afraid to ing our country, they are endangering tomorrow hear, they will know that lose business so they exert pressure on the our men. the people’s House has sent a message U.S. political process in favor of American si- Imagine for just 1 minute being a to the Chinese Government: We will no lence on human rights. priest, a minister or dissident in jail longer permit this to take place, and I The Chinese Government bought the and having heard that tomorrow morn- strongly urge the support of the Solo- world's silence at the U.N. Human Rights ing that the House of Representatives, mon amendment. Commission in Geneva by doling out lucrative the people’s House, had voted to grant Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of contracts to countries that refuse to support an MFN. Can my colleagues imagine how House Joint Resolution 79 to revoke most-fa- EU-sponsored resolution condemning China's demoralized they would be? The guard vored-nation status for China. Unconditional human rights practices. will probably come by, and I was in MFN forms the backbone of the President Imagine if the Soviet Union had tried to Beijing prison to see the conditions, Clinton's China policyÐa policy which I be- exert this kind of influence on our Govern- and I was with the gentleman from lieve has been a failure. The administration's ment. Would we have turned around and New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] in Perm Camp policy is fundamentally amoral and not true to given them MFN? 35. There are terrible conditions. Very American values. Third, the policy the United States is pursu- few people have gone to those places. Why? ing toward China, in light of China's massive June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4273 military buildup and weapons proliferation, is he didn't appease. He spoke out for American pened in the gulf war and how this one of appeasement. We are closing our eyes values and stood with the persecuted when he body conducted itself. Without China’s just as Neville Chamberlain did in England in called the Soviet Union the evil empire and cooperation in the U.N. Security Coun- the 1930's when faced with another aggres- demanded Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall. cil, it would not have been possible to sive power. Be on the side of history. Vote to deny MFN fashion the international coalition Winston Churchill spoke up in the Par- to China and send a message to the Chinese that defeated Iraq in that war. liament, but the Chamberlain government did Government, to the Chinese people, and to all Engagement works. Millions of Chi- not listen. Now there is a new bully in town. persecuted people around the world that the nese have had their lives improved be- The Chinese Government is building up its words of Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration cause of this engagement. Exposure to militaryÐsome say United States trade and of Independence are for them. the outside world and the accompany- technology are helping provide needed re- These principles of freedom, ``We hold ing exchange of goods and ideas and sources. China is selling chemical weapons, these truths to be self-evident that all men are people have brought increased open- missiles, and nuclear technology which could created equal, that they are endowed by their ness, social mobility and personal op- pose a future threat to the United States and Creator with certain unalienable rights among portunities to the Chinese. It is not a its allies. them life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness'' perfect country, it is far from it, we If you did not get the briefing by the De- apply to all people. Not just Virginians or got plenty of concerns about their fense Intelligence Agency and the Office of Americans or Westerners. These rights are for human rights, and they are valid con- Naval IntelligenceÐyou don't have all the in- all people, including the people of China. cerns. But we got to get a perspective formation. I strongly urge all my colleagues to That's the message we would send by voting of a couple of decades here and see how get these briefings. You owe it to yourself and to deny MFN in the House. China has evolved. Four hundred mil- your country to know exactly what China is Vote ``no'' on MFN for China. lion new people in China since Nixon doing. Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 went to China in 1972. China sold chemical weapons and cruise minutes, the balance of our time, to Engagement works. It is meant that missiles to Iran. China sold nuclear technology the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. HAM- we use our trade laws to attack Chi- to Pakistan. ILTON], the ranking member of the nese trade barriers and to help Amer- China is engaged in a military buildup and Committee on International Relations. ican enterprises export. becoming a threat to our future security. It is Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I Engagement works. Our law enforce- developing ICBM missiles capable of hitting thank the gentleman from California ment authorities work together to the United States, our allies in Asia, or our for yielding this time to me. combat terrorism and alien smuggling military installations in the Pacific. China also I rise in opposition to the Solomon and illegal narcotics, trafficking. Engagement works on environmental purchased 46 American supercomputers resolution of disapproval. The resolu- tion before us today presents a fun- and public health issues. which intelligence experts say can be used to Engagement has not solved all the damental choice about our relationship design nuclear warheads to put on the long- problems, of course not. We got plenty with China. Do we choose a policy of range missiles. of concerns left with China, but it has engagement, or do we choose a policy I believe that American men and women a proven record of bringing China, of isolation? may soon be in danger because of our current moving China, toward international Now some have argued in this Cham- policy of appeasement toward the Beijing re- norms. It offers a better prospect of ber today to end normal trade relations gime. Appeasement didn't work for Neville achieving our policy objectives, includ- with China and still pursue a relation- Chamberlain in the 1930's and it will not work ing a respect for human rights, than ship with China. I do not think that ar- for the United States in the 1990's. isolation or containment. If we vote gument can be sustained. To withdraw MFN is the backbone of a failed policy. A today to revoke China’s normal trading normal trade relations is to declare policy of appeasement. A policy that is amoral status, we will undermine our ability economic warfare against China. We because it suggests engagement and yet, to work with China in the future and cannot declare economic war against does not engage. And a policy that is, and will we will damage a broad range of inter- China and then expect China to play by continue to be, dangerous to our national se- ests that this country has at home, in our rules on political security and pro- curity. China, in the region and around the liferation and human rights matters. What is needed is real backbone, not ap- world. Revoking MFN will almost cer- Political engagement and economic co- peasement. tainly make the human rights situa- Imagine if you were a priest or pastor who operation with China go hand in hand. tion in China worse, not better. It will was in jail. You had been beaten or tortured We cannot separate them. undermine the reformers. It will or starved. You had been forced to endure Now I support an engagement policy strengthen the hard liners. It will slow backbreaking labor. Imagine you heard that because I think it is in the American the flow of Western culture and ideas. the United States Congress had again granted national interests, and I yield to no MFN to ChinaÐimagine how discouraged you person in this Chamber in my concern b 1515 would feel. for human rights. Engagement is not Our influence would be reduced. If we But what if you, a jailed pastor or priest, appeasement. It does not mean ignor- revoke MFN, we undermine our stature hear tomorrow on your crystal radio set that ing our differences with China. It throughout Asia; Hong Kong’s transi- the United States House of Representatives, means actively engaging China to re- tion will be more difficult. Let us, my the People's House, voted to deny MFN to solve the differences. It means hard friends in this Chamber, follow the ad- China. Wouldn't you feel encouraged? I would bargaining. It means, as the adminis- vice of three former Presidents, six and that's why I'm voting for the Solomon res- tration did, sending two aircraft car- former Secretaries of State, 10 former olution. rier groups into the Taiwan Straits Secretaries of Defense, and support To my colleagues on my side of the aisle. last year. It means threatening to im- normal trading status for China. I urge I hope you will vote to deny MFN to China. pose sanctions because of Chinese vio- the defeat of the Solomon resolution. It is important to be true to American values. lations of intellectual property rights. Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 It is important to be with the American peo- It means imposing sanctions on Chi- minutes, the remaining time, to the ple who overwhelmingly, in poll after poll, sup- nese companies because of their viola- gentleman from Missouri [Mr. GEP- port linking trade to human rights improve- tion of nonproliferation laws. HARDT], the distinguished minority ments. The most recent poll, a Harris poll re- Engagement works. Engagement has leader. leased yesterday in Business Week magazine, produced a number of successes in the (Mr. GEPHARDT asked and was found that 67 percent of Americans oppose nonproliferation area. They have been given permission to revise and extend MFN for China. Only 18 percent favor it. A identified here during the afternoon. his remarks.) vote against MFN is a vote on the side of the Engagement works. China was in- Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, this is American people. strumental in convincing North Korea a debate today that is not simply about I encourage those on my side of the aisle to to sign the agreed framework freezing economics and trade, it is a debate be with the legacy of Ronald Reagan who re- North Korea’s nuclear program. about principle and value and belief. fused to grant MFN to the Soviet Union while Engagement works. Every Member of This country was founded not on eco- it persecuted people of faith. He engaged but this Chamber is proud of what hap- nomic principles and not on economic H4274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 ideas, but on moral beliefs that have We need firm engagement, not con- Listen to this letter that was sent by for over 200 years radiated out of this structive engagement. I know all of the the parents of a third grade young girl, country. As the gentleman from Vir- good arguments that are made, and I near here in Baltimore, Maryland. She ginia [Mr. WOLF] said a moment ago, respect the people who make them very was writing about Wei Jingsheng. As the revolutionary words that appear in much. First of all they say, well, trade you know, Wei Jingsheng has been in our Declaration of Independence was helps us with human rights. jail for 14 years in China because he the starting place of this country, Listen to what our own State Depart- dared to speak out. He spoke in the which is an idea for all people. ment says about what is happening in universal language of the Declaration We said, ‘‘We hold these truths to be China. They say, ‘‘All public dissent of Independence and said human rights, self-evident, that all men are created against the party and the government like freedom of speech, press, assem- equal, that they are endowed by their was effectively silenced by intimida- bly, and appeal to the government, are creator with certain inalienable rights; tion, exile, the imposition of prison inalienable rights belonging to the peo- that among these are life, liberty, and terms, administrative detention or ple, the masters of the country. For the pursuit of happiness.’’ When we house arrest. No dissidents were known saying that he was put in jail and he made those words, we did not say they to be active at year’s end.’’ This is at has been in jail for 14 years, like Nel- were American rights, we said they the end of last year. son Mandela was in jail. were universal rights. ‘‘Even those released from prison Mr. Speaker, this girl said, ‘‘I wish And almost 50 years from the date were kept under tight surveillance and all American citizens would help in those words were signed, Thomas Jef- often prevented from taking employ- this struggle for what is right. I want ferson said this: ‘‘May it be to the ment or otherwise resuming a normal him to get out of prison and return to world what I believe it will be to some life.’’ That is our own government, our his family and get healthy soon.’’ A parts sooner, to others later, but fi- own State Department saying whether third grader speaking of the moral be- nally, to all, the signal of arousing men or not the policy is working. liefs and ideas that are the founding to burst their chains.’’ Then they say human rights and wellspring of this greatest country In 1986 on the floor of this House a trade should be separated. They are dif- that has ever existed on earth. Member who is on the floor today said ferent issues. We have to trade, and Six days after the Berlin Wall fell in these words: ‘‘I would suggest, Mr. then we can talk about human rights. 1989, Lech Walesa spoke here to a joint Chairman, Members of this body, Does anybody argue that we should session and he said, ‘‘We, the people. I human beings do not live by bread separate intellectual property protec- do need not remind anyone here where alone, that there are spiritual values, tion from trade? Has any those words come from. And I do not the right to stand as a dignified human businessperson stood up and said, for- need to explain that I, an electrician being, the right to stand as an equal get about my intellectual property from Gdansk, am also entitled to in- person. I would suggest that wherever rights, let us just go ahead and trade. voke them.’’ you are on the political spectrum you Of course they do not. I say to my colleagues there is as an should join me in this effort, not to Mr. Speaker, do we not understand electrician this afternoon in a jail in make a statement that is measured, trade issues are human rights issues? Beijing, and his name is Wei Jingsheng, not to make an incremental step, not What are we trying to do? We are try- and he wants to get out and be free just to make a step that is a political step, ing to build a world trading system. like Lech Walesa did and just like Nel- but to make the statement at this How can we ever do that if people do son Mandela did. De Toqueville said point based upon what is right.’’ not have human rights? Who is going America is great because America is He said, ‘‘I am simply saying that to ever be in China to buy any of our good, and if we cease being good, he every human being on this planet products? They will never have enough said we will cease being great. should have control over their human money to do it. And we expose our Representatives of the people of this destiny.’’ businesses and our people to this unfair country, stand today and be good, and The Member who said those words is competition. You bet human rights is a stand for what is right and stand for the gentleman from California [Mr. trade issue. the founding principle of this country, DELLUMS], and he was not saying those Then we hear, do not make China an and we will bring freedom to China as words about China, he said them about enemy. What a crazy argument. I do we brought it to Lech Walesa and Nel- South Africa. The freedom movement not want China to be our enemy, that son Mandela. Stand against most-fa- in South Africa started on this floor, is the last thing in the world we want. vored-nation treatment. Stand to send and Members of this House of Rep- But we are saying. By arguing that if a message to the leaders in Beijing. I resentatives stood in this well time and we do not give MFN, most-favored-na- urge my colleagues to vote for this res- time again and argued for the end of tion treatment, the treatment we give olution. apartheid and the beginning of freedom to the most favored nations, that Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- in South Africa. I dare say had they somehow we have made them an self such time as I may consume. not stood in this place and made that enemy. That is ridiculous. We can We have listened to some very elo- argument over and over again, Nelson trade with China. quent testimony on both sides, and I Mandela would be in prison today. And Do my colleagues think China is not think this Chamber has represented all the arguments we are hearing now going to trade with the United States? that today more than maybe most were made then. They have a $40 billion trade surplus days, evidence of what our system is The policy we had with South Africa with us. We are carrying China. They all about in terms of our exchanges on was called constructive engagement. have a trade deficit with every other a bipartisan basis. But let me focus People said we would lose contracts; country in the world. We are literally very briefly on why I think extension people said other countries would never financing their form of government by of normal trade relations with China is follow; people said it would hurt the our insistence on giving them most-fa- so important. good people in South Africa who were vored-nation treatment. If we go back to the Great Leap For- trying to break free; people said our Finally, we say we will lose business. ward, and that was with total govern- businesses would not be there to We will lose business. Let me end ment-managed control of that econ- change that government. But the gen- where I started. This country is not omy, there were 60 million Chinese tleman from California [Mr. DELLUMS] just about business. This country is that starved to death. We can condemn and Bill Gray and other Members of about an idea, a moral belief that every Deng Xiaoping for a lot of things, but this body stood tall and fought for human being in the world is created one thing that he will be most remem- sanctions against South Africa, and with liberty and freedom. If we do not bered for is as the initiator of what he Nelson Mandela stood at that podium, stand for freedom in China, who will? If called Leninist capitalism, the ulti- the president of the country, and we do not lead for freedom in China, mate oxymoron. But he did advance talked about freedom. who will follow? When will we start free enterprise in mainland China, and I say to my colleagues, the policy this fight as we started it with South free enterprise has expanded so dra- that we are following is not working. Africa? Maybe we start it today. matically that our concern as a people, June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4275 which is not the government, it is the China represents a large and growing market administrationÐthrough the Customs and Chinese people over there, and bear in for our goods and services. This market sup- State DepartmentÐbegan investigating these mind that of 1.2 billion, only 40 million ports thousands of jobs here at home. Agricul- charges. Our Government signed a memoran- of them are allegedly Communists, and tural exports to China from the United States dum of understanding [MOU] with China in I think they are too bright even to be have grown from $333 million in 1993 to $2 1992 to facilitate inspection of Chinese pris- Communists, I think they are just billion in 1996 and the prospect of future ons. And continued allegations of using prison bright pragmatists that have got a growth is tremendous. Every $1 billion in addi- labor led the administration to tighten proce- good thing going for themselves. tional exports creates nearly 20,000 new, dures for investigations and visits under the But the fact of the matter is, more high-wage jobs in the United States. For North memorandum. I am aware that Chinese co- Chinese people today are enjoying a Carolina, which exports $544 millionÐninth operation in implementing the memorandum higher standard of living than ever be- among U.S. StatesÐin goods a year to falls short of being satisfactory. But the admin- fore in the history of China, in its 5,000 ChinaÐ$297 millionÐand Hong KongÐ$247 istration is committed to fully enforce the terms years, and that is continuing to expand millionÐengaging China through trade will of the agreement. Since the MOU took effect, dramatically, and it is because of their provide jobs for North Carolina's workers and U.S. Customs officials have made 58 referrals commitment to free enterprise. help ensure our economic success into the to the Chinese Ministry of Justice for further Now, we want to aid and abet and next century. I also believe it will allow us to investigation. And according to the administra- help them in that effort, to be sure, press for better human rights policies as we tion, Customs has obtained two prison labor- and that is why maintaining our con- increase our economic involvement. related convictions. I believe that continuing tacts and our business contacts is a Mr. RUSH. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in op- normal MFN for China will facilitate the en- good idea. As Ben Franklin said, a good position to House Joint Resolution 79, China, forcement of the MOU. example is the best sermon. We are disapproval of most-favored-nation [MFN] As a Member of Congress, I will vigilantly providing the best sermon by our pres- trade treatment for China. monitor the progress of human rights, workers' ence over there in mainland China, and My vote against this resolutionÐa vote to rights, and political democracy in China. I am that is continuing to improve the lot continue MFN for ChinaÐis not without delib- deeply committed to these values. However, I for all of the Chinese people. eration. do not believe that the resolution we are vot- I would urge my colleagues to recog- I am deeply concerned about the continuing ing on today, is the proper arena to debate nize that there are alternative ways to allegations that China has not made sufficient these issues; nor is revocation of MFN the address legitimate questions that have progress in their human rights and democracy most effective way to influencing internal Chi- come up about arms transfers, legiti- reform efforts. Both the State Department and nese policies. I believe that a more com- mate questions that come up about prominent international organizations such as prehensive approach will serve as a better human rights violations, but harking Amnesty International cite the persistence of means to bringing about a change in Chinese back to the original reference to our jailed and exiled Chinese dissidents. However, policy, particularly in terms of human rights. In inalienable rights to life, liberty and I believe that the human rights issues must be America's dealings with China, history has property, Thomas Jefferson was abso- approached independently of our trade rela- shown that a more moderate approach is most lutely correct. I mean he used that tionship with China. effective. phrase, ‘‘pursuit of happiness,’’ but it MFN is not foreign aid. The United States Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, was property. grants MFNÐwhich is normal trade statusÐto fellow colleagues, I rise in opposition to the nearly 100 countries, and every President resolution and in support of extending MFN b 1530 since 1980 has annually renewed MFN for treatment to China. The term MFN refers to The fact of the matter is, how do you China. MFN to China means that we grant the normal, nondiscriminatory tariff treatment enjoy life if you do not eat? That them normal tariff status. This is a policy that that the United States provides to all its trad- means having access to property and the United States grants to all but a handful of ing partners. It is the cornerstone of commer- expanding and improving that access, countriesÐCuba, North Korea, Afghanistan, cial relations between the United States and especially in terms of food, shelter, and Laos, and Vietnam. In fact, countries such as any foreign country. MFN status is not a con- clothing. That is happening at an un- Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and BurmaÐwhere cession and does not mean that China is get- precedented rate over there. many believe there continues to be abuse of ting preferable treatment. Rather, MFN status The last remaining issue to be ad- human rightsÐreceive MFN treatment. means that China and the United States grant dressed through that is liberty, but I want to see the administration work more each other the sameÐno less favorableÐtariff that is where our presence can set that aggressively to encourage human rights and treatment that they provide to other countries good example. I would urge my col- religious freedom in China. But I do not be- with MFN status. The United States provides leagues to vote down the well-inten- lieve that denying MFN to China will achieve special tariff preferences to a few selected tioned resolution of disapproval, and to that goal. Cutting off normal trade relations trading partners under the NAFTA, United guarantee that we continue what is with China will only further isolate a country States-Israel Free Trade Agreement, Carib- sound policy into the future, and holds with one-quarter of the world's population. bean Basin Initiative, Andean Pact, and the the greatest hope we have ever had in China continues to grow as one of the Unit- Generalized System of Preferences program. our post-World War II relations with ed States' main trading partners. U.S. exports Eligible imports from these countries enter the mainland China; namely, normal trade to China have almost quadrupled in the last United States duty-free or are subject to duties relations. 10 years. Exports to China support more than lower than the MFN rate. China is not eligible Mr. ETHERIDGE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in op- 17,000 jobs in the United States that, on aver- for any form of preferential or special treat- position to House Joint Resolution 79, the res- age, pay 13 to 16 percent more than non- ment. It is only getting the same type of treat- olution to disapprove extension of MFN for export jobs. As key industries in the United ment that we extend to other countries. China. I have serious concerns about China's States, such as telecommunications, grow, we Terminating China's MFN status would seri- overall human rights record. However, if we do need to maintain trade policy that will increase ously affect virtually all trade between the two not have engagement we will be doing more market access and ensure that U.S. compa- countries, eliminate some of it, and result in harm than goodÐhow do we isolate 1.2 billion nies have opportunities in those emerging higher prices for U.S. consumers and possible people? We have tried isolation and it did not markets. Illinois, for example, has benefited losses for U.S. exporters and lead to a signifi- work. In arriving at this decision, I found par- from trade with China. Over the last 2 years, cant downgrading of bilateral relations. Hence, ticularly compelling the words of Rev. Billy exports from Illinois to China have increased 9 carrying out a threat to terminate China's MFN Graham who said ``we must do all we can to percent to $1.6 billion. And this trade growth status could significantly damage United strengthen our relationship with China. It is far contributes to nearly 600,000 export-related States-China economic as well as political re- better to treat it as a friend, than to treat it as jobs in the State. lations. The United States is the only country an adversary.'' I believe it is in North Caroli- And while these benefits are significant, I that conditions MFN status for China. If the na's best interest to engage China and build continue to be concerned about the data re- United States terminated China's MFN status, on our strengths rather than damage a trade garding China's reliance on prison labor to it is highly doubtful United States allies would relationship which other nations will vigorously manufacture many of its exports. Since the follow suit. Furthermore, American workers pursue in our absence. early 1990's, in responses to charges that Chi- benefit most from an extension of most-fa- Exports, especially in the agriculture sector, nese political prisoners were used to manufac- vored-nation status for China. In 1996, United are essential to North Carolina's economy. ture goods for export to the United States, the States exports to China were valued at $12 H4276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 billion, and of almost 200 United States trad- First, it will not work, and second, stronger I urge my colleagues to vote in favor of ex- ing partners, China ranked 15th as an export economic ties to the West and private-sector tending MFN treatment to China. market for American goods. If MFN were con- expansion will lead to an expanded middle Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in ditioned or withdrawn, the United States would class, greater political freedoms, and eventu- support of House Joint Resolution 79, and in unilaterally impose higher tariffs on Chinese ally a democratic system of government. opposition to the extension of most-favored- goods, and Beijing would almost likely take its MFN status for China cannot be compared nation [MFN] status to China. The failure of business elsewhere. Thus, because every 1 to the decision by the Congress to place sanc- current policies to yield significant improve- billion dollars' worth of exports creates ap- tions on South Africa. South Africa's regime ments in Chinese behavior, both at home and proximately 19,000 jobs in the U.S., the loss was based on a policy of discrimination based abroad, signals the need for Congress to chart of exports to China would put 228,000 Amer- on race and race alone. In China the battle is a new course. MFN may not be the ideal vehi- ican jobs directly at risk. Also, MFN revocation of tolerance of thoughts and ideas, not of skin cle but it is the most powerful mechanism we would increase tariffs on imports from China color or complexion. have to move China into compliance with trade-weighted average of about 6 percent to We must consider that Hong Kong and Tai- internationally accepted norms. The United an estimated 44 percent. MFN revocation, wan have been investing heavily in China's States represents 40 percent of China's export even accounting for changes in trade flows, emerging capitalist system and they see in- market, an amount equal to 2 or 3 percent of will require U.S. consumers to pay upward of creased United States trade ties as the its gross domestic product. U.S. markets and half-a-billion dollars more each year for goods linchpin in the dramatic economic changes purchasing power are irreplaceable. Because trade is the only weapon in our arsenal that such as shoes, clothing, and small appliances going throughout the mainland. Now that his- China still pays attention to, we must use our subject to increased tariffs. In addition, the toric transfer is at hand we should not aban- economic power and influence as leverage to costs of goods manufactured in the United don the people of Taiwan during this critical positively impact Chinese behavior and to ad- States with Chinese components could in- transition period. vance fundamental United States interests in crease, reducing the competitiveness of the Extension of MFN is an importnt step in pre- serving Hong Kong's prosperity and freedom. China. finished goods. As the world's most populous country, I sympathize with the victims of the many Today, the Chinese economy is the fastest growing in the world. While many Chinese re- China boasts one of the most rapidly growing atrocious practices that China has engaged markets in the entire world. Yet despite MFN main poor peasants, few go hungry and hun- with in the past. I also agree with the rationale status, China remains a dictatorial society gov- dreds of millions of Chinese have seen their of many of my colleagues who seek to revoke erned by a Communist oligarchy hardly a lives substantially improved through economic China's MFN status due to its human rights monolith but China uniformly continues to reform. Many Chinese people enjoy greater violations. However, revoking China's MFN deny market access to the majority of Amer- material wealth and a greater degree of per- status is too drastic and most likely would ican goods and products. Countries that do sonal economic freedom. Market reform is the prove to be counterproductive. not abide by universally accepted rules and single most powerful force for positive change I would like to remind my colleagues of an regulations forfeit privileges and rights in the old maxim, ``Judge not, that ye be not judged. in China in this century and possibly in the global trading arena. MFN would grant Chi- For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be country's long history. In fact, economic reform nese goods the normal level of access and judged: and with what measured ye mete, it has helped to lift hundreds of millions of hard- protection afforded to members of the World shall be measured to you again.'' working people from desperate poverty, giving Trade Organization [WTO]. With rights and If we want a more humane, China that them choices and opportunities never avail- privileges come responsibilities, particularly shows respect for her own people, who are able before. Thus, hundred of millions of hard- the need to abide by international norms. Chi- some of the most creative, artistic, brilliant working people have access to information na's behaviorÐwhether through the abuse of people on this Earth, we had better be pre- and contact with Western values through tech- human rights or worker protections or through pared to lead by first showing China what it nologies spreading across the country, thanks the erection of trade barriersÐhas indicated takes to be a superpower. Power is not dic- to economic reform and the growth it created. that it fails to merit a normal trading relation- tated by the ability to say no, most often it is China has made good faith efforts to comply ship with other members of the WTO. Regular the ability to say yes under the most difficult with the concerns of the United States. For ex- trade with the United States is not the right of circumstances. We must pause to consider ample, in 1995, the United States reached a a nation that violates basic economic and that the measure of the right of our social, po- historic agreement with China on the enforce- human rights standards. litical, and economic systems are far greater ment of Intellectual Property Rights, particu- However, the numbers bear witness to the than the sum of all of our arguments regarding larly copyrights, trademarks, and improved fact that our trading relationship with China is the atrocities in that distant land. By the sheer market access for United States copyright in- anything but normal or reciprocal. The aver- force of this country united under God we will dustries ranging from computer software and age United States MFN tariff on Chinese teach, preach, and reach every corner of motion pictures to publishing and sound re- goods is 3 percent while the average Chinese China with the messages and symbols that cordings. China has also made commitments MFN tariff on United States goods is a stag- translate into over 200 years of success that to strengthen the enforcement at its borders gering 35 percent. Granting MFN year after the American experience has been. and to close plants engaged in piracy. year has unfortunately produced no reciprocity MFN is not a reward; nor is it a special The people of Hong Kong strongly support in trade policy. It has however, produced an treatment that results in special trade privi- a full one-year extension of MFN. If China enormous trade deficit, that is on target to sur- leges. MFN simply refers to the nondiscrim- loses MFN, Hong Kong would lose a colossal pass our trade deficit with Japan sometime inatory treatment of trading partners, which amount of business. United States economic this year. China has argued that as a develop- has long been a basic principle of international growth in international trade would be halved ing country it should be granted special ex- trade. While China clearly has violated numer- and our unemployment would be doubled. emptions and allowances; however, a devel- ous trade agreements in the past, the best Also, business confidence would be hit hard. oping country that registered a $40 billion way to secure Chinese compliance is to en- If the United States is concerned about the trade surplus with the United States in 1996, gage the Chinese Government, not isolate it. handover, then the best thing is to assure the should not be the recipient of such markedly Furthermore, the strongest case for keeping community by making sure that nothing hap- underserved charity, especially in consider- United States trade relations with China is pens to Hong Kong. The fundamental question ation of their total behavior. made by Hong Kong and Taiwan's political for renewing MFN treatment to China is, if China's one-way trade policy and the accel- and business leadership. They argue, if the China's trade status were denied, would the erating trade deficit highlight that the promise United States breaks the trade tether to impact in the long run be good or harmful for of future massive payoffs is a mirage. In 1996, Beijing, it will undermine future economic and the Chinese and American people and, in par- the United States exported fewer goods to human rights for the Chinese people for years ticular, for improving China's human rights? China than it did to relatively small markets to come. Hong Kong's British Governor Chris My fellow colleagues, I have debated long such as Belgium and the Netherlands. Our ex- Patten and prodemocracy leader Martin Lee and hard over this issue, and while I do have ports are increasing at a more rapid rate in the have come out forcefully against using China's reservations about providing MFN treatment to stagnant economies of the European Union trade status as a way of showing United China while they continue to engage in abu- than they are in the dynamic Chinese econ- States displeasure with its human rights sive actions, I believe that the most efficient omy. The situation in Japan has shown how abuses. Chinese human rights leaders else- way to combat these abuses is to ensure that difficult overcoming protectionist policies and where are opposed to using trade as leverage the grassroots of the Chinese population is ex- reducing trade deficits can be. It is in our inter- against their country because they believe; posed to Western ideals and financial stability. est to avoid similar problems with China, June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4277 which potentially will represent a far larger replace a job lost or restore the damage done Government to respect the political and eco- market than Japan. to U.S. communities. We need a trade strat- nomic freedom of the citizens of Hong Kong. America businesses are being forced to egy with China that balances the interests and Yet, once Hong Kong is under Chinese rule, offer major concessions to Chinese state plan- values of companies, workers, families, and trade with Hong Kong would also be subject to ners, often technology and investment, in communities. We must solidify our commit- stiff tariff increases if MFN trading status is re- order to gain access to potential Chinese cus- ment to upholding democracy and human voked. So, at the very time the Congress is tomers. By supplying China with state-of-the- rights and abandon policies that assume the pushing China to safeguard freedoms in Hong art technology, United States firms are ship- interests of international corporations are iden- Kong, Congress would be undermining Hong ping jobs overseas that would otherwise re- tical to the U.S. national interest as a whole. Kong's independence and autonomy by se- main at home if China were to allow the unfet- Many lament that trade policy alone will not verely damaging its economy. It's estimated tered entry of foreign goods. Through the ex- bring about the changes sought that it is inad- that revoking MFN would cut Hong Kong's tension of MFN we are exporting to China the equate, but we must try to isolate and lead, economic growth in half, reduce trade by $30 capability to develop domestic industries es- unless the United States of America. The billion, and cost 85,000 Hong Kong workers tablishing export platforms of what are today global leader is ready to led others will fall into their jobsÐmaking Hong Kong dependent on United States products will be sent around the our economic shadow of indifference. the Chinese regime during this critical transi- world. Trade relations with China are so complex tion period. The technologies of American business that they understandably defy easy solutions. I have long advocated improved human partners, means that even the limited United In order to craft an effective and comprehen- rights in China. After the 1989 massacre in States goods and products will be abandoned sive trade policy with China, we need more Tiananmen Square, I organized a protest in favor of indigenous enterprises that are options and flexibility than the yes/no decision march of more than two dozen Members of being made in China. Trade policy should be being made today. Extending MFN for a year Congress who walked across Washington facilitating the export of goods, not jobs, and sends to China the dangerous signal of busi- from the United States Capitol to the Chinese a fundamental message policymakers must ness as usual: That there are no con- Embassy, where we met with the Chinese bear in mind, is that the current trade phenom- sequences for irresponsible, inhumane, and Ambassador and presented in the strongest ena threatens the job security of American unfair behavior. Denial of MFN trade status is possible terms our views that the Chinese workers and means that United States invest- a dramatic step, on the other hand, could re- Government needed to change its ways. ment in China receive the safe harbor treat- sult in the reciprocal and humane treatment I have also been very concerned about the ment, positive trade status insures and en- that past policies have failed to produce. The persecution of Christians, and other religious courages yet more United States investment most effective way to forcefully advance Unit- minorities in China. Yet activists working to to the point that action to counter isn't pos- ed States interests and to embark upon a new stop the persecution of Christians are of two sible. era of United States-China relations is to vote minds on this issue. Many, including Rev. Billy All workers and members of Chinese soci- ``yes'' on this resolution and not extend normal Graham and a number of Chinese Christians, ety should equally share in the profits of eco- trade status to China and then back that up have said that they feel engagement with nomic growth in China. However, the reality is with action not rhetoric. China is the better course. that the benefits are reserved for the few in Mr. SKAGGS. Mr. Speaker, I want to see Revoking MFN trading status means in ef- order to suppress the freedoms of the many. China change. I am tired of waiting for China fect that the United States would be imposing Accordingly, human rights violations have ac- to improve its human rights record, to stop re- a huge unilateral increase in tariffs on Chinese tually increasedÐnot decreasedÐsince we pressing the people of Tibet, to allow civil lib- goods. No other country is expected or likely have adopted the policy of constructive en- erties and public dissent, and to stop perse- to join us in raising tariffs, and that means rev- gagement. China continues to deliberately and cuting religious minorities. I'm deeply disturbed ocation of MFN would be a unilateral eco- consciously deny its citizens basic human by China's arms sales to Pakistan and Iran. If nomic sanction. Given the particular culture of rights. Virtually all dissidents are either in I could, I would push a button, cast my vote, the Chinese, I do not believe that this kind of exile, in jail, or under house arrest. Workers and make the Chinese Government change its sanction will be any more successful against still cannot form an employee union of their ways. China than unilateral trade sanctions have own choosing, nor undertake any legal action So I understand the appeal of voting for this been against any other country. And many of to challenge abysmal working conditions. In- resolution. It would be very satisfying, for a our international competitors are quite ready to stead of investing in its people, the Chinese few minutes, to feel that I did something, that take over the United States share of the Chi- Government is using the added income from the Congress did something, to make China nese market. the burgeoning United States-China trade sur- change. The debate suffers from semantics, the mis- plus to consolidate its stronghold on the di- But I have to step back and ask whether re- understandings of ``most favored nation'' as verse cultures of the Chinese people. China's voking most-favored-nation [MFN] trading sta- implying something special and concession- $40 billion trade surplus has enabled the Gov- tus to China would have the desired effect, ary. Actually, of course, ``most favored nation'' ernment to increase national defense spend- and if not, what will. I don't think passing this trading status is just ``normal'' trading statusÐ ing by 40 percent since 1990. As the United resolution will make China change. it is the tariff schedule that applies to almost States and Russia are cutting military expendi- This cannot be just a one-sided debate. We every other nation we trade with, even coun- tures, China is pursuing efforts to purchase must consider not only the areas where we tries with human rights records far from our new generations of high-technology weaponry have real and heartfelt disagreement with the liking. There are only five countries to which and exporting outside their borders to terrorist Chinese Government's actions and policies, we deny MFN status: Afghanistan, Cuba, countries helping such as Iran to realize its but also those often complex areas where Chi- Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. Even the dreams of nuclear capabilities. Only China has nese cooperation with the United States has ``rogue states'' of Iran, Iraq, and Libya, al- nuclear missiles aimed toward the United had and will have enormous consequences. though subject to other economic sanctions, States, yet we continue to reward the Chinese And there are important areas where China are technically eligible for MFN. Countries like Government committed to building military ca- has cooperated with us: Working with us to Syria or Indonesia, whose human rights pabilities rather than individual liberties with stop North Korea's nuclear weapons develop- records we often decry in the Congress, have MFN status. ment; helping us in the U.N. Security Council MFN trading status. In the race for the fabled profits of the Chi- on the war against Iraq and subsequent sanc- Cutting off MFN status would mean that we nese market, we have cast away both United tions; and assisting United States efforts to im- would lose the opportunity to expose China to States national interests and principles. Trade plement the nuclear test ban and extend the free market principles and values. I spoke re- policy without conscience has not satisfied the nuclear nonproliferation treaty. In these areas, cently with a constituent who has worked with Chinese population's hunger for personal and cooperation and engagement with China made Chinese mining companies. He told me that civil liberties. There is no question that grant- all the difference in policies that are vital to China has averaged 10,000 deaths per year in ing China MFN status will benefit larger Amer- our national security. mining accidents. Yet to work with this Amer- ican companies; however, it will adversely im- In just 1 week, Hong Kong will be trans- ican company meant that the Chinese had to pact small businesses and accelerate the de- ferred from British to Chinese sovereignty. We accept American standards of worker safety cline of the United States manufacturing base. in the Congress have pressed China to live up that tolerate virtually no worker fatalities. This United States economic and trade policy clear- to its promise of ``one country, two systems'' seems a most basic lessonÐthat workers ly is the ugly American theme revisited in for Hong Kong. I have joined with other Mem- should not have to risk their lives to earn a liv- China. And at home no amount of profit can bers of Congress in calling on the Chinese ing. American business men and women, H4278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 interacting with their Chinese counterparts, will strongly urge my colleagues to oppose the can be true for matters of government. The be able to expose the Chinese to many such disapproval resolution and support renewing initial reaction to a problem in society, or the standards and principles. Over time, it will most-favored-nation trading status to China. world will often lead us to make a conclusion make a difference, not just in economics, but Simply put, continued engagement with China about a course of action. Unfortunately, that in human dignity and human rights. is the only way to help China become a con- first reaction can be wrong, even though guid- The globalizing world economy and the rev- structive force for stability and prosperity in ed by the best of intentions. olution in information exchange and tech- Asia, and advance important American inter- We have such a case before us now. It is nology offers an unprecedented set of cir- ests. the dilemma of whether or not China should cumstances that will tend to push all but the Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to be granted the same trade relationship grant- most isolated of nations toward integration support House Joint Resolution 79, disapprov- ed to almost every other nation of the world, with the international community. To finance ing most-favored-nation status for China. a status misleadingly referred to as most fa- expanding trade, China needs foreign capital While I am an ardent supporter of free trade, vored nation, or MFN. We all know the and investment. With that investment comes and have voted consistently for continuation of charges: The Chinese Government violates exposure to internationally recognized values MFN for China, my recent trip there has basic human rights of its citizens, it is hostile and freedoms. With advances in information changed my position on this issue as it pro- towards Christianity, and its system of govern- technology, such as the Internet, electronic vided me with first-hand information on what is ment runs contrary to our most fundamental mail, and fax machinesÐmost of which are really going on in China. I left that country with beliefs, therefore MFN status should be de- essential for doing business todayÐrepressive the overwhelming impression that the Chinese nied. The initial reaction of our collective na- governments like China's are fast losing their do not care what the United States thinks tional psyche is to oppose MFN, to be tough, ability to control what people can read, learn, about their behavior. I have voted on four pre- and say, ``No way, no special deals for and think. vious occasions to give China the benefit of China.'' But is this the proper solution? There are other, more positive, levers we the doubt about its intention to open its mar- To clear up a misconception, MFN is not a can use to encourage China to loosen its re- kets to United States businesses and farmers special status at all. In fact, MFN status grant- pressive policies. One of those levers is Chi- but the Chinese continue to thumb their noses ed to a country simply means that U.S. citi- nese accession to the World Trade Organiza- at the United States. While I would like to sup- zens can trade with citizens of that nation tion [WTO]. I expect our negotiators to drive a port a policy aimed at opening markets and without erection of extraordinary government hard bargain for market access and improved expanding trade, there has to be a level play- barriers to entering our marketplace. Free business practices before we can agree to ing field for such a policy to work. Instead, trade is not something to be lightly dismissed. China joining the WTO, a body China feels is China continues to raise artificial barriers and And MFN is nothing more than an attempt, al- essential for its trade expansion policies. place high tariffs on American goods and com- beit imperfect, to move towards free trade by Engagement will take time, and it is hard to modities, including United States-grown pea- lowering tariffs. Eliminating MFN status for China does not be patient. It will take time for trade, invest- nuts. The trade deficit last year alone with hurt the Chinese Government. But it does hurt ment, and foreign enterprise to break the iron China was $40 billion. Americans in two ways. First, by imposing grip the Chinese regime has over its people. In addition, China's human rights record, what is essentially a tax on our people. It is a But American trade, products, and most im- particularly against Tibet and Taiwan, is abys- tax because it is the American consumer who portantly exposure to American values and mal. Along with its disregard for human rights, will pay higher prices on goods coming from people carry the seeds of change. Ultimately, the Chinese strategically ignore numerous China. This means higher prices on many China cannot sustain the economic liberaliza- international treaties they have signed on items and not just items which come directly tion supporting its trade with the United States arms proliferation. We have seen numerous from China. If the tariffs on Chinese goods in- without seeing an inevitable erosion of its po- well documented reports where China is sell- crease, people will be forced to find replace- litical isolation and its authoritarian regime. ing highly sophisticated nuclear technology to ment products. As the demand for those prod- Mr. PORTMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in Iran. Additionally, it continues to transfer ad- ucts increase, so will prices of those goods. support of renewing most-favored-nation vanced ballistic missile technology to Syria The second means by which eliminating [MFN] trading status to China. MFN status is and Pakistan. MFN status hurts Americans can be found in extended to virtually every country in the world The business community genuinely hopes to the reciprocal barriers China will likely erect. It and permits a normal trading relationship with influence positive change in China but I did will become much more difficult for farmers China. There's nothing ``special'' or ``favored'' not see that during my visit. There is no Amer- and businessmen in the United States to sell about MFN. ican-style democracy, free enterprise, or their products in China. Nearly every farmer I believe that continuing this normal trading human rights. Rather, I saw a government that and every agricultural group I have heard from relationship is critical to advancing U.S. inter- controlled every aspect of life. The Chinese supports MFN status for China. ests. First, of course, revoking MFN, would consistently violate workers' rights with many But the critics of MFN for China do not ad- significantly raise tariffs on Chinese importsÐ workers laboring under slave-like conditions. dress the free-trade aspect of the debate, or costing United States consumers more of their American companies that wish to sell their the very real cost eliminating MFN would im- hard earned money. Failure to extend MFN products in China must locate production in pose upon the American people. Instead, they would also hurt our exports which has been that country and share ownership with the Chi- focus on the real persecution of religious mi- steadily growing every year and support thou- nese Government. We are currently transfer- norities' often practiced by the government in sands of U.S. jobs. The Chinese would un- ring very sophisticated technology to China China. And for that I defer to those who are doubtedly retaliate, putting our jobs and ex- who hen turn around and use our technology on the ground in China: the missionaries. ports at risk. We would be giving our global against us. According to Father Robert Sirico, a Paulist competitors an open shot at the one of the It's time to send China a message by with- priest who recently discussed this topic on the world's biggest markets. holding MFN status for China. I would be der- Wall Street Journal's opinion page, Americans But even more important, if we are to dis- elict in my duty to ignore neglect, which I do in China working to help the Chinese people engage from China and walk away from the not believe is benign neglect. are very frightened of what ending MFN might table, the very problems we have with China Each year when I voted for MFN for China do to their efforts and the people to whom will worsenÐespecially in the important area I did it with the hope that this is the year the they minister. After all, ending MFN will not of human rights. Chinese will pay some attention to our con- bring about the freedoms we hope China may Because we engage with China does not cerns more specifically, stop violating the pro- confer upon its people, nor will ending MFN mean that we approve of its practices. As an visions of the general agreement on tariffs and mean more religious freedom or fewer human example, I have grave concerns about its trade, and be shamed into improving its rights violations. In fact, those working in human rights record. But the question is how human rights record. Sadly, this has not been China to bring about positive change fear only disengaging will help. Instead, we should want the case and I have no choice but in clear the worst if MFN is withdrawn. the Chinese to become increasingly familiar conscience to vote NO for MFN for China. ``As commercial networks develop, Chinese with American ideals through our contact with Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, as a physician, I business people are able to travel freely, and them. know that what, at first, might seem to be a Chinese believers have more disposable in- Mr. Speaker, renewal of MFN has been cure for a particular ailment is, in actuality, not come with which to support evangelistic en- supported by every President who has faced a cure at all. In fact, going with a gut reaction deavors,'' Sirico writes. Even worse, the mis- this issue, and is supported throughout Asia, to prescribe a treatment can do more harm sionaries have been reporting that ``such ac- including in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan. I than the original ailment may have. The same tion would endanger their status there, and June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4279 possibly lead China to revoke their visas. It sidered all of the facts, and reviewed all of the tion and other United States family organiza- would severely limit opportunities to bring in notes and letters and calls from my constitu- tions strongly oppose extending MFN for * * * religious materials. These missionaries ents, I conclude that our best hope for China. But United States organizations that understand that commercial relations are a progress of American national interests in support Christian missionaries in China are wonderfully liberating force that allow not only China is best fulfilled by extending China's supporting MFN for China. One of the titans of mutually beneficial trade but also cultural and regular trade status, and taking further actions the Christian faith supports extending MFN religious exchanges.'' that demonstrate a more robust American pol- trade status: Rev. Billy Graham. He says that And so the critical question remains: MFN, icy in that part of the world. I further conclude ``I am in favor of doing all we can to strength- or no MFN? Idealogically, revoking MFN is a that blocking the renewal of MFN for China en our relationship with China and its people. step in the wrong direction, a step away from would damage America's national interests, in China is rapidly becoming one of the dominant free trade. It is equally clear that revoking national security, human rights and religious economic and political powers in the world, MFN is harmful to our people, and likely to be freedoms, and American commerce and jobs. and I believe it is far better for us to keep harmful to the Chinese. The ones to suffer will History and recent experience tells us that China as a friend than to treat it as an adver- be the very individuals we seek to help, not MFN gives the United States some leverage sary.'' the powerful elite in Beijing. to advance our interests in ChinaÐbut not a Continuing MFN for China, again, does not I have long held that governments do not great deal of leverage. But if we cancel MFN, work miracles for the people of China. Con- solve problems. Rather, governmental action America's small leverage will become zero le- tinuing it thus far has not freed opponents of often creates more problems than existed pre- verage. And China will turn away from Amer- China's communist government from prisons, viously. It is the individual people who are able ica, and have no incentive to heed any of according to the United States State Depart- to bring about positive change in this world; it America's desires and interests. ment. However, American commerce with is individuals who solve problems. China's Let me first address the matter of American China has given the Chinese people a taste of government is indeed a concern: for us and its national security. Beijing has exhibited poor economic freedom, and economic freedom people. But it is a problem we can only re- citizenship in the world. It tested missiles in may pave a path toward more political and re- solve by changing the hearts of the Chinese the Taiwan Straits on the eve of free elections ligious freedom. leaders. And whether we like it or not, the way in Taiwan in 1996. It sold weapons and nu- Again, the penalty for terminating MFN for we can do that is through trade with China. clear and other weapons materials to rogue China exceeds its rewardÐparticularly for Chi- By rushing quickly for the ``pills'' of govern- terrorist nations. It attempted to expand its na's oppressed people. If we terminate MFN ment-enforced sanctions, we may have the maritime presence in former United States for China, China will have no reason whatso- best of intentions to cure the Chinese Govern- military facilities, as in the case of COSCO at ever to improve the human rights and religious ment of its persecution of human rights. But Long Beach Naval Station, and has effectively freedom of its people, or to accommodate unfortunately, those pills will only harm the pa- established beachheads at both ends of the American visiting missionaries to China. tient. We must swallow our pride and admit strategically important Panama Canal through Last, I would like to address the matter of that perhaps the best remedy is not the first governmental industry subsidiaries. It smug- commerce and American jobs. Extending Chi- solution. gled AK±47 rifles into the United States, na's MFN status simply continues regular It is only through the open dialogue of indi- bound for Los Angeles street gangs. It in- commerce with the world's most populous na- viduals that the Chinese Government will ever creased its defense budget 40 percent over tion. Companies in San Diego engage in sig- be convinced it is wrong. By closing the door the past couple of years. In light of this current nificant exports in China. Among these are now, when we have the opportunity to allow to and emerging national security interest, it be- Solar Turbines, power plants, Cubic, mass grow the seeds of change which have been so comes clear that only by extending MFN for transit systems, Jet Products, manufacturing, firmly planted in China, we will be damning China can we hope to preserve the American and many others. Furthermore, many Amer- that nation's people to a return to their darker interest and the American presence in China ican jobs are dependent on imports from days. and East Asia. For this reason, several of our China. These include hundreds of thousands We will lose the patient if we act hastily or recent United States Secretaries of Defense of retailers. And American consumers regu- imprudently and that cannot be the correct op- have agreed to support continuing China's larly purchase goods made in China. tion. It is never an option when I have a pa- MFN status. Once again, the risks associated with termi- tient on the operating table, and it cannot be Having nearly lost my life fighting com- nating China's MFN status exceed their re- an option when dealing with the situation in munism in Vietnam, this matter of what action ward. If we terminate MFN for China, Amer- China. best represents America's national security in- ican jobs are endangered, and China will sim- Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, China is a terests is a matter I take very seriously. I as- ply approach the employers of other nations to rogue nation, ruled by totalitarians and Com- sure you that I am under no illusion that ex- fulfill its market of 1.3 billion people. munists. It oppresses its people, and denies tending MFN for China will work miracles in Following the continuation of MFN for them basic freedoms and religious liberty. It the advancement of our national security. It China, and the failures and vacillations of the fails to abide by standards of good citizenship will not. Clinton administration's China policy, I believe in the community of nations. Its officials have But the penalty for terminating MFN for Congress has a responsibility to exercise lead- been tied with attempts to influence the 1996 China is slightly greater than its reward. Ter- ership in the United States relationship with elections in the United States through con- minating MFN with China simply drives the the world's most populous country. tributions to the Democratic National Commit- Beijing regime away from the United States, We can begin this by enacting the China tee. away from the community of law-abiding coun- Human Rights and Democracy Act, a measure In this environment, now Congress must de- tries, into the arms of the world's terrorist na- soon to be introduced by Rep. JOHN EDWARD cide whether continuing or essentially cancel- tions. PORTER and others. Chairman PORTER for- ing regular American commerce with China Let me address the matter of human rights merly opposed China's MFN status, but is will advance or damage America's national in- and religious liberty in China. Again, Beijing's supporting it this year in hopes that we can terests. These interests include national secu- record in this field is repugnant to the cause make real progress in other areas. Chairman rity, human rights and religious liberty, and of freedom. The bill of particulars goes on and PORTER described this measure in today's commerce and American jobs. on. Beijing oppresses the Buddhist people of Wall Street Journal to increase funding for I take a back seat to no one as a defender Tibet, and the Muslims of Xinjiang. It practices Radio Free Asia and the Voice of America, ex- of liberty, and as an opponent of communism a population policy that includes forced abor- pand democracy-building activities through the and tyranny. I understand that this issue gen- tions. It has detained, jailed, and killed its dis- National Endowment for Democracy, require erates well-considered and strongly held opin- sidents. It severely restricts the activities of additional United States State Department re- ions on all sides. I believe that the Clinton ad- Christians and other people of faith, and im- port on human rights violations and political ministration has badly mishandled our relation- prisons priests and ministers, and closes prisoners in China, and greater disclosure of ship with China, and that Congress has no house churches that attempt to teach the Gos- Chinese companies' ties to the People's Lib- choice but to fill the vacuum of leadership left pel free from the reach of the Beijing regime. eration Army. by the President. What action advances America's national in- As we did with the USSR and Eastern Eu- With very few measures have I so deeply terest in this area? Extending MFN continues rope, we can blanket the Chinese people, and struggled with determining the best course of the reach of Americans, through commerce all freedom-loving peoples of Southeast Asia, action, and with identifying what is right and and other outreach, into the lives of Chinese with broadcasts about freedom and democ- wrong for America. After having carefully con- citizens. I recognize that the Christian Coali- racy in the outside World. We can also pursue H4280 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 other aggressive initiatives to stand tall and purchases of American wheat. We maintain a security-minded screening mechanism for strong for freedom in East AsiaÐinitiatives trade embargo against Cuba. We deny MFN these prospective bond issues) without fear which thus far have not been part of the Clin- to North Korea and Afghanistan. We will soon of jeopardizing U.S. exports, jobs or ‘‘people- to-people’’ contacts unaffected by such cash ton administration's weak American policy to- impose sanctions on Burma. Why should we transactions. ward China. treat China and different? The answer is that Block Chinese access to strategic facili- Congress can and should take further action we shouldn't. We should treat China a totali- ties—in the United States and elsewhere in to send China powerful signals of our intention tarian regime in every sense, as we have the Western Hemisphere, notably at the to advance our interests. The fiscal year 1998 treated totalitarian regimes in the past. We eastern and western ends of the Panama national defense authorization includes the must not coddle them. We must not appease Canal. Prohibit the sale of American military pro- Hunter-Cunningham language from H.R. 1138, them. We must not assist them. duction facilities and equipment to China. prohibiting the leasing of former U.S. military Mr. Speaker, a vote for this resolution will Terminate the ‘‘anything goes’’ policy facilities to foreign state-owned enterprises. be a vote for democracy it will be a vote for with respect to the export of dual-use tech- Specifically, this will block COSCO, the mari- the ideals that founded this Republic. The nology to Chinese end-users. In the interest time arm of the communist Chinese regime in ideals that make this Nation truly great. As the of obtaining maximum pressure for change Beijing, from leasing a large beachhead at the sole remaining superpower in the world, we in China, U.S. allies should be offered the former Long Beach Naval Station. must send a strong message to the totalitarian same choice they are currently given under the D’Amato legislation on Iran and Libya— And the House has already voted to estab- regime in Beijing that her actions will not be foreign companies and nationals must decide lish direct United States ties with Hong Kong, tolerated any longer. Enough is enough. I whether to export militarily-sensitive equip- which reverts from British to Chinese control in strongly urge my colleagues to support House ment and technology to China or risk losing just a few days. Joint Resolution 79. their unfettered access to the American mar- Extending China's regular MFN trade status Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Speaker, I am ketplace. does not work miracles. We should extend submitting for the RECORD an article by Frank Develop and deploy effective global missile MFN because it helps advance our national in- Gaffney, executive director of the Center for defenses to counter China’s own growing bal- listic missile capabilities and those Beijing terests in China in freedom and religious lib- Security Policy, that appeared in today's is transferring to rogue states like North erty, in national security, and in commerce Washington Times, titled ``Dealing with China.'' Korea, Iran and Syria. and jobs. We should extend China's MFN sta- I believe that this insightful article should be Rigorously enforce existing U.S. laws pe- tus because blocking MFN would hurt, not read by all Members of Congress and Amer- nalizing those who engage—as the Chinese help, our national interests in China. ican citizens who are concerned that the Unit- government and its ostensibly private com- But we cannot stop there. Congress has a ed States Government develop a comprehen- panies have been doing—in the proliferation responsibility to take the sure and strong ac- sive strategy to deter aggression by Com- of weapons of mass destruction and various menacing conventional arms. tions that implant backbone into United States- munist China. And increase significantly the resources China relations, a spine that is thus far miss- [From the Washington Times, June 24, 1997] dedicated to uncovering and thwarting Chi- ing from the Clinton administration's own pol- DEALING WITH CHINA nese espionage, technology theft and influ- icy. We can act. And we will. (By Frank Gaffney, Jr.) ence operations in the United States. Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in Where I must respectfully disagree with As the House of Representatives prepares my friends from Empower America, however, support of House Joint Resolution 79, a reso- to vote on President Clinton’s decision to lution to disapprove most-favored-nation is about the reason why such steps are need- renew Most Favored Nation (MFN) status for ed. They declare we ‘‘should not demonize [MFN] treatment to the People's Republic of China, it is being flooded with free advice. China’’ and assert ‘‘there is no new Cold War, China. Lobbyists representing firms doing business and China is not a new Cold War enemy.’’ Our trade deficit with China in 1996 was with the People’s Republic—or hoping to do The truth is that the reversion of Hong Kong $40 billion. By the end of 1997, the trade defi- so—are aggressively warning Congress of the next week to communist control may prove cit is projected to be $53 billion, which aver- economic costs of failing to ‘‘re-up’’; human to be the first battle lost by the force of free- rights and religious groups are emphasizing dom in a new and far more difficult phase of ages out to the staggering sum of $1 billion a the costs in terms of freedom and religious week. A large part of this is due to the fact what Winston Churchill once called ‘‘the tolerance for the Chinese people if the Unit- Twilight Struggle.’’ that China charges American products with ed States continues to turn a blind eye to In any event, as noted in this space two extremely high tariffs. For instance, China lev- Beijing’s repressive policies. weeks ago, it is not entirely up to us whether ies a 50 to 120 percent tariff on imported cars, Yesterday, five of the finest public serv- China becomes an enemy. The critically ac- a 50 percent tariff on imported athletic shoes, ants I have had the privilege of knowing— claimed book ‘‘The Coming Conflict with a 60 percent tariff on imported leather shoes, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Jack Kemp, Lamar Alex- China’’ observes: ‘‘Before, Beijing saw Amer- and a 40 percent tariff on imported toys. In all ander, Steve Forbes and Donald Rumsfeld— ican power as a strategic advantage for the weighed in with their own take. Much of instances, United States tariffs on Chinese im- PRC; now it has decided that American what they say should be done with respect to power represents a threat, not just to Chi- ports are substantially lower. China sells mil- U.S. policy apart from the question of MFN na’s security but to China’s plans to grow lions and millions of bikes in the United I find compelling, as I am sure, will many stronger and to play a paramount role in the States, because we only levy a 11 percent tar- members of Congress. I think we could agree, affairs of Asia.’’ iff, while China charges us 50 percent. On av- for example, that the following sorts of steps What is more, if it is true, strictly speak- erage, the United States levies a tariff rate of should be taken irrespective of one’s views ing, that ‘‘China is not a new Cold War 2 percent on Chinese goods. The Chinese about renewing China’s Most Favored Nation enemy,’’ it may not be good news. The level have levies a 35 percent tariff rate on United status: of engagement with China—the many bil- Intensify efforts to provide truthful infor- lions of dollars in bilateral trade, the hun- States goods. We hear so much about free mation and encouragement of those resisting dreds of PLA companies operating in this trade, but our trade relationship with China communist repressing (including greatly ex- country, the tens of thousands of Chinese certainly isn't free, and it certainly isn't fair. It panding the operations of Radio Free Asia; students and unknown numbers of Overseas costs American jobs. It's just plain wrong for enforcing the existing bans on importing Chinese with families still subject to the American working men and women. slave-labor-produced goods; imposing pen- Beijing’s control—make the challenge of We constantly hear from China and the ad- alties for religious intolerance, etc.). After countering, let alone containing, the PRC in- ministration that trade and foreign policy all, how a nation treats its own people is a finitely more difficult that any we faced in should be separate issues. They should not good indicator of how it is likely to deal dealing with the Soviet Union during the with those of other states. Cold War. We disregard or discount this be linked. That is a very interesting argument Such steps can help make clear that the problem at our peril. coming from China considering they are one United States is not an enemy of the Chinese The bottom line is the bottom line: The of the most skilled practitioners of such a pol- people, but that it steadfastly opposes the massive trade surpluses that MFN status is icy. They reward friends and punish enemies totalitarian government that brutally rules allowing the PRC to accrue are directly un- with economic carrots and sticks in the form of them. It can also help undercut the national- derwriting activities that will enable Beijing huge government contracts. ist xenophobia that the Chinese leadership to become an even more formidable threat to Moreover, the use of trade sanctions is not promotes in its bid to retain power. the United States and American interests Deny front companies and banks associ- down the road. Despite its drawbacks, revok- without precedent. It has been a vital compo- ated with the People’s Liberation Army and ing China’s Most Favored Nation status is nent of U.S. foreign policy. We sanctioned the other inappropriate Chinese borrowing enti- the only measure now on the table that is Soviet Union by the restriction of technology ties the opportunity to sell bonds in the U.S. fully responsive to this reality—and propor- transfers, denial of MFN under the Jackson- market. This step can be taken in a non-dis- tionate to the magnitude of the problem it Vanik amendment, and embargoes on Soviet ruptive fashion (for example, by creating a presents. June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4281 Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, attached is a let- of American goods, services, and farm prod- heuser-Busch Companies, Inc., Anjar ter from the Business Council for United ucts; locks in free market reforms, and ad- Co., Anwo Machine and Tool Co. Inc., States-China Trade which I would like in- vances long-term economic and political APL Limited, Apparel Unlimited, Inc., change. We look forward to working with the Apple Computer, Inc., Applied Mate- cluded in its entirety in the appropriate section Congressional leadership and the Adminis- rials, Inc. of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. tration to achieve all of these vital goals. Applix, Aquafine Corporation, Arcadia BUSINESS COALITION FOR Sincerely, Supply Inc., ARCO, ARCO Chemical U.S.-CHINA TRADE, A & C Trade Consultants, Inc., A & D Company, Arizona Coalition for US/ Washington, DC, June 23, 1997. Precision Manufacturing, Inc., A. Eddy China Trade, Armstrong Global, Arm- Hon. NEWT GINGRICH, Goldfarb & Associates, A.A.A. Aircraft strong Holdings, Armstrong World In- House of Representatives, Washington, DC. Supply Co., Inc., A.N. Deringer, Inc., dustries, Inc., ARR–MAZ Products, DEAR MR. SPEAKER: We urge Congress and A.O. Smith Corporation, A–1 Signal Di- Arrow Electric, Inc, Arthur Andersen the President to work together on a biparti- vision, ABB, Inc., Abbotec Inc., Abbott LLP, ASI Aerospace Group, Asian san basis to renew China’s MFN status for Laboratories, ABC Companies, Inc., Strategies Group, Asset Intertech, Inc., one-year without conditions. We strongly op- The, ACCEL Graphics, Inc., ACCEL Associated Company, Inc., Associated pose legislation which would impose new Technologies, Inc., ACI Int’l, Acme General Contractors of America, Asso- conditions on MFN, impose targeted trade Foundry, Acme-Monaco Corporation, ciated Industries, Associated Industries sanctions, or result in anything less than a Action Instruments Inc., Action Prod- of Missouri, Associated Merchandising full one-year extension of MFN, or otherwise ucts International Inc., ACTS Testing Corporation, Association of American disrupt U.S.-China commercial ties. Labs, Inc. Railroads, Association of National Ad- Unconditional renewal of China’s MFN Adams Air & Hydraulics, Inc., Adaptec, vertisers, Inc., AT & T, Athens Indus- trading status is in America’s interest. MFN Inc., ADC Technologies, Inc., Adidas tries, Atlas Aero Corporation, Atsco is the cornerstone of stable U.S.-China com- America, Advanced Data Management, Footwear Inc., Autozone, Avco Finan- mercial relations. It is also the foundation Inc., Advanced Hardware Architec- cial Services, Inc, AVO International, for continued dialogue and cooperation be- tures, AEA Credit Union, AEA Inter- Avon Products Inc., Award Software tween the United States and China over such national, Aerex Manufacturing Inc., International, Inc., B & B Machine & vital concerns as security, human rights, and Aero Comm Machining, Aero Gear Inc., Tooling, B & F Sales Corp., B & J Hong Kong’s transition. Aero Machine Co., Inc., Aerochem, Inc., International Supply, B & S Steel of In the next century, America’s prosperity Aeroelectronics Incorporated, Aero- Kansas, Inc., B.G. Imaging Specialties, will be even more closely tied to our leader- space Dynamics International, Inc., Inc., B.J. Rocca Jr. and Co., Babcock ship in international trade and the Asia-Pa- Aerospace Industries Association of Mfg. Co., Bachmann Industries, Inc., cific region. America, Inc., Aerospace Manufactur- Baker & Daniels, Bakery Crafts, China is the world’s largest emerging mar- ing Corp., Aerospace Products, Aero- BalcoMetalines, Ball Hortculture Com- ket. It is at the center of a vibrant Asia-Pa- space Services & Products, AETNA, pany, Bank of America NT & SA, Bank cific regional economy, which will support Inc., Agrifos, L.L.C., AIMCO, Air Cap- of New York. continued growth of American trade and jobs itol Plating Inc., Air Conditioning & Bank of Oklahoma, Barbara Franklin for decades to come. Refrigeration Institute, Air Industries Enterprises, Barbis International, In 1996, the United States sold over $14 bil- Corporation, Air Products and Chemi- Barringer Technologies, Inc., Barron lion of goods and services to China. U.S.- cals, Inc., Air Structures, Inc., Aircraft Transworld Trading Ltd, Barton Sol- China trade already supports over 200,000 ex- Tool Inc., AirNet Communications vents, Inc., Bartow Chamber of Com- port-related jobs, as well as tens of thou- Corp., AirSep Corporation, Akro Fire merce, Bartow Steel, Inc., BCI Engi- sands of jobs in American retail establish- Guard, Albany International Corp., Al- neering Group, Inc., BCI Engineers & ments, ports, services companies, and trans- bemarle China Corporation, ALCOA, Scientists, Bechtel Corp., Bedford portation firms. It ensures American con- Alcone Marketing Group, Alexander Sportswear, Inc., Beijing Development sumers a wide choice of quality goods. Doll Company, Inc., ALJO Precision Area (USA) Inc., Belkin Components, China is the sixth-largest market in the Prod., Allen’s Concrete, AlliedSignal BellSouth Corporation, Benecor Honey- world for American agriculture, and has by Inc., AlliedSignal-General Aviation comb Corp., Benner China & Glassware, far the most potential. in 1996, China bought Avionics, AMCO Brokers & Forwarders, Inc., Bennett Importing, Inc., Berger & over $3.6 billion of U.S. farm products, such Inc., Amer-China Partners, Ltd., Amer- Eiss, Berger Company, Beta Shim Com- as wheat, grains, vegetable oil, poultry, corn, ican Association of Exporters and Im- pany, BFGoodrich Company, BGW Sys- soybeans, and meat. porters, American Association of Port tems, Inc., Bien Internationale Corp., American trade with China helps to pro- Authorities, American Automobile Bindicator Company, Bivar, Inc., BJG mote values we cherish. Ending MFN would Manufacturers Association. Electronics, Black & Veatch, The harm the very Chinese entrepreneurs and American Building System Inc., The Blackstone Group, Blistex Inc., Blue workers whose prosperity and jobs depend on American Chamber of Commerce in Box Toys Inc., Boca Research, Inc, The trade and access to the outside world. Chi- Hong Kong, The American Chamber of Boeing Company, Boston Technologies, na’s private enterprises and joint ventures Commerce in New Zealand, The Amer- Inc., Boullian Aviation Services, BP are beachheads of free enterprise, which have ican Chamber of Commerce in Singa- America, BP Chemicals Inc., Bradbury driven the sweeping economic and political pore, The American Chamber of Com- Co., Inc., Bradford Novelty Co., Inc., reforms of the last decade. We should sup- merce PRC in Beijing, American Com- Bradlees, Inc., Bradley Machine, Inc., port, not isolate, the segments of Chinese so- mercial Lines, Inc., American Crop Brass Key, Inc., Braun Intertec Cor- ciety which offer the best hope for further Protection Association, American poration, Breslow Morrison Terzian & progress toward greater freedom and the rule Electronics Association, American Assoc., Brimms Inc. of law for all of China. Electronics Association—Texas Coun- Brisa, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Com- Revoking or conditioning MFN would be a cil, American Electronics Group, Inc., pany, Brooklyn Chinese-American As- devastating blow to Hong Kong, whose econ- American Express Company, American sociation, Brooklyn Goes Global, omy depends on its role as the economic Farm Bureau Federation, American Brown Group, Inc., Budd Company, gateway to China and as a financial and Feed Industry Association, American The, Budney Industries, Inc., Bunge commercial center for companies doing busi- Forest & Paper Association, American Corporation, Burlington Northern & ness in Asia. The United States should strive Home Products Corporation, The Santa Fe Railway, Burnett Contract- to bolster confidence in Hong Kong and to American Import Co./Taico Trading ing & Drilling Co., Inc., Burnham Prod- maintain it as a vibrant model of entre- Corp., American International Foods, ucts, Burson-Marsteller, Burton Co., preneurial capitalism and political freedom, American International Group, Inc., Business Research Institute, Inc., as it faces an historic reversion to Chinese American League for Exports and Se- Buxton Co., C.J. Bridges Railroad Con- sovereignty. curity Assistance, American Pacific tractor, Inc., Cactus Mat Manufactur- While renewal of MFN is an important Enterprises, American Racing Custom ing, Co., Cadaco, Inc., Caleb Corpora- task, an equally important challenge is con- Wheels, American River International, tion, California Chamber of Commerce, tinuing a fundamental restructuring of U.S- American Seed Trade Association, California Instruments Corp., Califor- China commercial relations that is essential American Standard Companies, Inc., nia Mop Mfg. Co., California Portland to open new markets for American products, Ameritech International, Amersham Cement Company, California R&D Cen- subject China to the rules and disciplines of Corporation, Ames Department Stores, ter, California Sunshine Inc., Caltex the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Inc., AMF Bowling Products, AMI Met- Petroleum Corp., Cambridge Specialty end the destructive annual battles over MFN als Inc., Amicale Industries, Inc., Company, Cange & Associates Inter- renewal. We urge the Administration, in AMOCO, Amoco Chemical, AMP Incor- national, Capital Region World Trade close consultation with Congress, to push porated, AmPro Corp., AMS Industries Council, Capps Machines, Inc., Cap- ahead with negotiations over China’s acces- Inc., AMT—The Association for Manu- stone Electronics Corp., Carco Elec- sion to the WTO under a commercially sound facturing Technology, Amway Corpora- tronics, Cardinal Industries, Inc., Ca- market access protocol which expands sales tion, Andreae, Vick & Associates, An- reer Explorers, Inc., Cargill Fertilizer, H4282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 Inc., Cargill Flour Milling, Cargill, space, Dresser Industries, Inc., DS ing, Great Plains Ventures, Greater Inc., Carl Cox & Associates, Inc., Car- Technologies, Inc., DSC Communica- Austin Chamber of Commerce, Greater rier Corporation, Catalina Lighting, tions Corp., DSP Technology, Inc., Du- Bristol Chamber of Commerce, Greater Inc., Caterpillar Inc., CBIA, CDI Cor- Pont, Duracell, Dynamic Systems, Inc., Dallas Chamber of Commerce, Greater poration Midwest, Cedar Rapids Cham- E & O Mari, Inc., E.E. International, Hartford Chamber of Commerce, Great- ber of Commerce, Celestaire, Inc. E.S.T. International, Easter Unlimited/ er Kansas City Chamber of Commerce, CENEX, Inc., Center Industries Corp., Fun World, Eastern Sea Consulting, Greater North Dakota Association, Centigram Communications, Central Eastman Chemical Company, Eastman Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Com- Purchasing Inc., Century Bank, Cerion Export Corporation, Eastman Kodak merce, Greater Plant City Chamber of Technologies, Cessna Aircraft Com- Company, EBM Tours, Eck & Eck Ma- Commerce, Greater Topeka Chamber of pany, CF Industries, Inc., Chaco Inter- chine Co., Inc., Ecology and Environ- Commerce, Greater Waterbury Cham- national, Chance Industries, Charles ment, Inc., Economy Forms Corp. ber of Commerce, Greenfield Indus- Engineering, Inc., Charming Shoppes, Econo-Power International Corp., tries, Greer Auto, Grocery Manufactur- Inc., The Chase Manhattan Corpora- EDAWN, Edelman Public Relations, ers of America, Inc., GT Sales & Manu- tion, Chemical Manufacturers Associa- Eden, LLC, Edison Electric Institute, facturing, GTE Corporation, Guardian tion, Chemifax, Division of Namico, EDS, Educational Design, Inc., Edu- Industries Corp., Guerra Press, The, Inc., Chevron Corporation, Chicago cational Hindsights, Inc., Edutainment Guess Leather—Jones New York Leath- Council on Foreign Relations, China for Kids, Inc., Efratom Time & Fre- er—Avanti, Gund, Inc., H&H Tool. Books & Periodicals, Inc., China quency Products, Inc., Eikon Strate- H.O. Mohr Research & Engineering, Inc., Human Resources Group, China Prod- gies, Inc., Elan-Polo, Inc., Electro Sci- Haight, Gardner, Poor and Havens, Hal- ucts North America, Inc., China Trade entific Industries, Inc., Electromedical liburton Co., Halliburton Energy Serv- Development Corp., Chrysler Corpora- Products International, Inc., Elec- ices, Hallmark Cards, Inc., Hallum tion, Chubb & Son, Inc., Chubb Cor- tronic Industries Association, Elkay Tooling, Inc., Hamilton Standard, poration, The, CIGNA Corporation, CIT Plastics Co., Inc., Ellanef Manufactur- Hannay Reels, Inc., Hard Manufactur- Group/Commercial Services, Inc., ing Corporation, Ellicott International, Citicorp/Citibank, Citifor Inc., Citizens Elliot Kastle, Inc., Ellsworth Adhesive ing Co., Inc., Harlow Aircraft Manufac- for a Sound Economy, Claire’s Stores Systems, Emergency Committee for turing, Harris Corporation, Harry B. Inc., CLARCOR, Clark Companies, American Trade, Emerson Electric Gudsley & Associates, Harry Sello & N.A., The, Clark Manufacturing, (Asia) Ltd., Emerson Electric Co., Em- Associates, Harsco Corporation, Hart- Claude Mann & Associates, Inc., pire Industries, Inc., Endgate Corp., ford Despatch Int’l, Harwood Capital Cliffstar Associates, Inc., Coastal Cor- Endicott Johnson Corporation, Energy- Incorporated, Hasbro Interactive, poration, The, Coastal Power Com- Onix Broadcast Equipment Co., Hasbro, Inc., Havens Steel Company, pany, Coastcom, Cobra Electronics Enertech, Engineered Machine Tool Heart to Heart International, Corporation, Coca-Cola Company, The, Co., Enron Corp., Enron Oil & Gas, Inc., Hedstrom Corporation, HEICO Corpora- Coffeyville Sektam, Inc., Coiltronics, Epperson & Company, Essex Group, tion, Heilig-Meyers Company, Hermach Inc., Cole Haan, Coleman Company, Inc., ETEC Systems, Inc., Excel Manu- Machine, Inc., Hewlett-Packard Com- Inc. facturing, Inc., Executive Aircraft, pany, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Hills & Collum International, Inc., Colorworks, Expeditors International, The Ex- Company, HiRel Labs, Hirsch Pipe & Columbia 300 Incorporated, Columbus porter, EXXESS Electronics, Exxon Supply, HMS Productions, Inc., McKinnon Corporation, COMET INT’L, Corporation, F.H Kaysing, Family Dol- Hoechst Corporation, Holland Pump Commercial Bank of San Francisco, lar Stores Incorporated, Farmland Manufacturing, Inc., Honeywell Asia Commonwealth Toy & Novelty, Hydro, L.P., Farmland Industries, Inc., Pacific, Honeywell Inc., Hong Kong Compaq Computer Corporation, Com- Fastenair Corporation. City Toys, The Hongkong and Shang- pressed Air Products, Inc., FaxTrieve, Inc., Federal-Mogul Corpora- hai Banking Corporation Limited, Hor- Computalog, Computer & Communica- tion, The Fertilizer Institute, Feuz ton International Inc., Howden Fan tions Industry Association (CCIA), MFG, Inc., Fiberite Inc., Fieldcrest Company, The, HSQ Technology, Hub Computing Devices International, Cannon, Inc., Fiesta, Fife Florida Elec- Tool & Supply, Hudson Pump and Comtech Communications, ConAgra, tric Supply, Inc., Fila-USA Inc., Equipment Associates, Inc., Hughes Inc., Concept Resources, Inc., Concur- Firstar Banks, Fisher-Price, Inc., Fleet Electronics, Hydroform USA, Inc., HYI, rent Computer Corp., Conductive Rub- Bank, Fleet Street Ltd., Flight Safety I&J Machine Tool Company. ber Technology, Inc., CONECT-Coali- International—Cessna, Flight Safety Ibberson Inc., IBM Corporation, Ice Hold- tion of New England Companies, International—Raytheon, Flight Safe- ings, Inc., IES Industries, Inc., Illinois CONMED Corporation, Connections ty International—Learjet, Florida Han- Beef Association, Illinois Coalition to International, Conoco, Consolidated In- dling Systems, Inc., Florida Phosphate Support US-China Commercial Rela- dustries Inc., Consumers for World Council, Florida-China Trade Task tions, Illinois Farm Bureau, Illinois Trade, Continental Grain Company, Force, Fluke Corporation, Fluor Cor- Manufacturer’s Association, Illinois Continental Machine Inc., Continental- poration, FMC Corporation, FMI, Inc., Pork Producers, Illinois State Chamber Agra Equipment, Inc., Contour Aero- Footstar, Inc., Ford Motor Company, of Commerce, Imaging and Sensing space Inc., Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P., Forte Cashmere Co., Inc., ForTrade Technology, Inc., IMC Global Inc., IMC Corning Incorporated, Corporation for International, Foster Design, Foster Global Operations Inc., IMC Kalium, International Trade, Cox Machine, Inc., Pepper & Shfelman, Foster Wheeler IMC-Agrico Company, IMCO Recycling CPC International Inc., Creative Com- Energy International, Inc., Four Di- Inc., IMPAC International, Imperial puter Solutions, Inc., Creative Produc- mensions, Inc., Four Star Distribution, Toy Corporation, Indoor Air Profes- tion Resources, Crowley Sales & Ex- The Foxboro Company, FPA Customs sionals, Inc., Inductor Supply, Inc., port Inc., Crown Cork & Seal Co., Inc., Brokers, Inc., Frank Russell Company, INET Corporation, Infinity Financial CSX Corporation, CTL Distribution, Freeport-McMoRan, Inc., Fulfillment Technology, Inc,. Ingersoll-Rand Com- Inc., Cubic Corp., Cutter & Buck, Systems International, Funopolis, pany, Innotec Group Inc., Innovative Cyberkom, Dale C. Rossman, Inc., Dar- Gaines Metzler Kriner & Co., Galamba USA, Inc., Integrity Technology Cor- ling Abrasive & Tool Co., Data Instru- Metals, Galoob Toys, Inc., GAYLA In- poration, Intel Corporation, Intelidata, ments, Inc., Dataforth Corp. dustries, Inc., Gaymar Industries, Inc., Interex, Inc., Interface Consulting Davis Wright Tremaine, De La Rue Giori, GEC Precision Corporation, Genecar International, Inc., Inter-Global Inc., Decora Industries Inc., Deere & Com- International, Inc. Intermetrics, Inc., International Busi- pany, DEKALB Genetics, Delagar Divi- Genemed Biotechnologies, Inc., Genemed ness Development, International Com- sion Belcam, Inc., Delson Inter- Synthesis, Inc., General DataComm In- ponents Corp., International Dairy national, Inc., Des Moines Chamber of dustries, Inc., General Electric Com- Foods Association, International De- Commerce, Dexter Aerospace Materials pany, General Motors Corporation, velopment Planners, International Division, DeYoung Mfg., Inc., DF Cor- Genesco Inc., Georgia-Pacific Corpora- Mass Retail Association, International poration, Diamond V Mills, Digital tion, Gillette Company, The, Global Paper, International Trade Services, Equipment Corporation, Digital Re- Business Systems, Global Group, Globe Inc., Inter-Pacific Corporation, Inter- corders, Digital Transmission Systems, Engineering, GM Nameplate, Inc., trade Ltd., Intool Incorporated, Intrust Inc., DIGIVISION, Diversified Com- Goldsmiths, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Bank, Iowa Association of Business & puter Remarketing, Dixon Area Cham- Company, The, Grand Imports, Inc., Industry, Iowa Beef Packers. ber of Commerce, D-J Engineering, Granny’s Kitchens, LTD., Grant Iowa Business Council, Iowa Department Dodge City Chamber of Commerce, Thorton, Granton Shoo Imports, of Economic Development, ITT Cor- Don’s Leather Cleaning, Inc., Doron Graphic Controls Corporation, Graybar poration, ITT Industries, J.F. Fred- Precision Systems, Inc., Dover Tech- Electric, Great American Incentives, ericks Tool Co., Inc., J.H. Ham Engi- nologies, Dow Chemical Co., The Dow Great Lake Group, The, Great Plains neering, Inc., J.R. Custom Metal Prod- Corning Corporation, Dowty Aero- Industries, Great Plains Manufactur- ucts, Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4283 Jacobs Vehicle Systems, Jade Enter- Commerce, Metropolitan Tulsa Cham- PCI Newco, PCS Phosphate—White prises, Inc., Jamestown Container ber of Commerce, Mezzullo & Springs, Pella Corporation, PEPBOYS, Companies, Jamie Brooke, Inc., Janco McCandlish, Miami Valley Marketing PepsiCo, Inc., J.C. Penney Co., Inc., Pe- Corp., Janex Corporation, JBC Inter- Group, Inc., Michigan-China Coalition, troleum Equipment Suppliers Associa- national, Jenoptik Infab InTrak, Inc., Michigan Retailers Association, tion, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Jensen Technology Development, Inc., Microscan Systems, Inc., Microscript Philip Morris International Inc. Jerry Eisner Co., Inc., Jewett Refrig- Corp., Mid-America International Philips Electronics, Phillips Petroleum erator Co., Inc., John Hancock Finan- Trade Services, Mid-America Overseas, Company, Phoschem Supply Co., cial Services, John Weitzel, Inc., John- Mid-America, International Agri-Trade PhRMA, Phsio-Control Corp. Pic’n Pay son & Johnson, Johnson and Higgins, Council, MidAmerican Energy Corp., Stores, Inc., Pico Design Inc./Motorola, Jones and Company, Inc., Joseph Krow Mid-Central Manufacturing, Inc., Mid- Pillowtex Corporation, Pioneer Balloon Fur and Leather Co., J-Tec Associates, Continent Fire & Safety, Middle East Company, Pioneer Hi-bred Inter- Juans (USA) Corp., Juno Industries, Rug Corporation, Midwest of Cannon national, Inc., Pizza Hut, Plastic Fab- Inc., K.Swiss, Kagie/Newell Inc., Kaifa Falls, Inc., Midwest Plastic Supply, ricating Co., Plastic-View A.T.C., Play- Technology, Inc., Kairos Consultants, Inc., Mighty Star, Inc., Milford Fab- ing Mantis,Play-Tech Inc., Plesh Indus- Kaman Aerospace Corporation, Kamen ricating Company, Inc., Milling Preci- tries, Inc., Polaroid Corporation, Polk Wiping Materials, Kane Industries sion Tool, Inc., Mine & Mill Supply Co., Equipment Company, Inc., Polk Pump Corp., Kansas Association for Small Minnesota Agri-Growth Council, Inc., and Irrigation Co., Inc., Pollard Dental Business, Kansas Chamber of Com- Mires Machine Company, Mize & Com- products, Inc., Polotec, Inc., merce & Industry, Kansas City, KS pany, Mobil Corporation, Monde Group, Poolmaster Inc., Port of Houston Au- Chamber of Commerce, Kansas Dry L.L.C., Monitor Aerospace Corporation, thority, Port of Seattle, Port of Ta- Stripping, Inc., Kansas Farm Bureau, Monogram Aerospace Fasteners, Mono- coma, Portman Holdings, Portman Kansas Livestock Association, Kansas gram Sanitation, Monsanto, Motor & Overseas, Post Glover Resistors, Power Plating, Inc., Kansas World Trade Cen- Equipment Manufacturers Association, Link, Inc., Power Process Controls, ter, Kasper Machine Company, Motorola, Inc., Moy, Cheung and Com- PPG Industries Asia/Pacific Ltd., PPG Kavinoky & Cook, LLP. pany, MRS Technology, Inc., MTS Sys- Industries, Inc., Praegitzer Industries, Kent Audio Visual, Kimoto & Company, tems Corp., Mulberry Corporation, Inc., Pratt & Whitney, Precious Kinds/ Custom Brokers, Kingsbury, Inc., Mulberry Motor Parts, Inc., Mulberry Activatoys, Precision Filters, Inc., Pre- Kirk’s Suede Life, Inc., Kmart Corpora- Railcar Repair Co., Multipoint Net- cision Machining, Inc., Precision Prod- tion, KMG Too & Machine Company, works, Inc., Mustang International ucts, Inc., Precision Profiling, Inc., Knipp Equipment, Knowledge Universe, Groups, Inc., Mutual Travel. Preco Industries, Pressman Toy Corp., L.L. C., KOA Speer Electronics, Inc., MVE, Inc., Nadel & Sons Toy Corp., Price Brothers Company, Price Koch Industries, Koch Materials, Naico, Nantucket Distributing Co., Waterhouse LLP, The Principal Finan- Kohler Co., Koogier & Assoc. Environ- Inc., National Association of Manufac- cial Group, Printronix, Inc. mental Services, KPI/Heurikon Corp., turers, National Association of Pur- The Pro Trade Group, Processed Plastic Kraft Foods, Inc., K-Sport, Ltd., L & M chasing Managers, National Concrete Company, The Procter & Gamble Com- Enterprises, L & S Machine Co., LD Masonry Association, National Foreign pany, Professional Machine & Tool, Supply, Inc., LA Gear, Inc., Laird Ltd., Trade Council, National Grain and Progressive, Inc., Pro-Mill Company, Lamar Electro-Air, Lampton Welding Feed Association, National Institute PTX-Petronix, Inc., Pulizzi Engineer- Supply Company, Latin American Pa- for World Trade, National Marine Man- ing, Inc., Puritan Industries, Inc., Puri- cific Trade Association, Leach Inter- ufacturers Association, National Oil- tan-Bennett Aerospace Systems, Quak- national Corporation, Leading Edge seed Processors Association, National er Oats Company, Quality Petroleum Concepts Inc., Learjet, Learning Curve Plastics Color, National Retail Federa- Corporation, Quality Tech Metals, International, Leather Apparel Asso- tion, Nations Bank, Natural Science QUANTUM DYNAMICS, Inc., ciation, Inc., Leathercraft Process, Industries, NBBJ, NCAI, NDE, Inc., QuickLogic Corp., Quinnipiac Chamber Leawood Export Finance, Inc., Ledford Network Computing Devices, Inc., New of Commerce, R. Dennis & Associates, Machine-Gage Labz, LeFebure Corp., England Financial Group, New Planet R.A. Hanson Company, Inc., R.A. Lalli Leon Cohen Sales, Inc., Leonard’s Sourcing, New York City Partnership Company, Raco Machine, Inc., Rae Metal, Inc., LGB of America, Liberty and Chamber of Commerce, New York Manufacturing Inc., Ragen & Crom- Classics, Inc., Liberty International, for US-China Trade, Newman Govern- well, P.S., Rainfairn, Inc., Ralee Eng. Licata Associates, Inc., Liquidynamics, ment Services, NextWave Design Auto- Co., Ray World Trading, Ltd., Raytek Inc., Liz Claiborne, Inc., LJO, Inc., L–M mation, Niagara Lubricant, Nike, Inc., Corp., Raytheon Aircraft Company, RB International, LOBOB LABORA- Nikko America, Inc., Nimbus Water International, The Reader’s Digest As- TORIES, Inc., Lockheed Martin. Systems Inc., Nintendo of America sociation, Inc., Recognition Systems, Logical Services, Inc., Louis Dreyfus Inc., Noon International, Norand Cor- Inc., Recoton Corporation, Recreation Corporation, Louis Lau AsianInfo poration, NORBIC, Nordstrom, Inc., Vehicle Products, Reebok Inter- Holdings, Lucent Technologies, Lucid Norman Krieger, Inc., Norris Education national, Reed Sportswear Manufactur- Corp., Luis Alvear, Lyons Manufactur- Innovations, Inc., Nortel, North Amer- ing Co., Reeves International, Inc., ing Co., M. Hidary & Co., Inc., M.A. ican Export Grain Association, Inc., Regal Plastics Company, Reliable Man- Hanna Company, Maersk Inc., Maisto Northrop Grumman Corporation, ufacturing Inc., Reliance Metalcenter, International, Inc., Malichi Inter- Northwest Horticultural Council, RENDER, Revell-Monogram, Inc., RF national, Ltd., Mallinckrodt Inc., Mans Norwest Banks, Nottingham Co., Nu- Group, Inc., Richard Manufacturing & Mans Machine & Tool Co., Manufac- clear Energy Institute, NuDimensions. Company Inc., Richmont, Riggs Tool turing Development, Inc., Manufactur- Number Nine Visual Technology, Nylint Company, Inc., Right Stuff, Inc. ing Tool & Supply, Manzella Produc- Corporation, O’Keefe’s Incorporated, RJM2 LTD, RNS Healthcare Consultants, tions, Inc., Marco Polo, MarketSource Occidental Chemical Corporation, Inc., Roanoke Companies, Inc., The, Direct, Mary Kay Inc., Matrix Inte- Octel Communications, Octus, Inc., Robinson Fans Florida, Inc., ROCK- grated Systems, Mattel, Inc., Maurer ODS Networks, Inc., Off Shore Consult- PORT, Rockwell, Rockwell Collins, Metalcraft Inc., Maury Microwave Cor- ing, Ohio Alliance for U.S.-China Inc., Rohm and Haas Company, Rolls- poration, Maytag Corporation, Trade, The Ohio Art Company, Olem Royce North America Inc., Roof Coat- McDermott, Inc./Babcock & Wilcox, Shoe Corp., Open Engineering, Inc., ings Manufacturers Association, McDonald Construction Corporation, Optek Technology, Inc., Optical Coat- Roundhouse Products, Inc., RRE Inves- McDonnell Douglas Corporation, ing Lab, Optima Technologies Group, tors, LLC, RSI, Inc., Rubber & Acces- McFerrin Engineering & Manufactur- Inc., Oracle Corporation, OrCAD, Inc., sories, Inc., Russ Berrie & Co., Inc., ing Company, McGinty Machine Com- The Oriental Rug Importers Associa- RxL Pulitzer, Ryan International pany, The McGraw-Hill Companies, tion, Inc., Oshman & Sons, Otis Eleva- Airplines, S.M.S. Group Incorporated, Inc., MCI, McStarlite Co., McWilliams tor Company, Otis McAllistar, Inc., S.R.M. Co., Inc., S.R.M. Toys, Ltd., Forge Company, Measurement Special- Outboard Marine Corporation, Over- Saitek Industries, Salant Corporation, ties, Inc., Medexel, Inc., Medtronic, head Door Company, Overland Park Saline Area Chamber of Commerce, Inc., Meeks & Sheppard, Meldisco A. Chamber of Commerce P.T. Express Samsonite, Santana Ltd., Sauder Cus- Footstar Company, Melloor-Puritan- International Inc., PAC AM INTER- tom Fabrication, Inc., The Savings Bennett Corporation, Memorial Health NATIONAL, PACCAR Inc., The Pacific Bank of Rockville, Saxony Sportswear System, Merck & Co., Inc., Meredith Basin Economic Council, U.S. Member Co., Scarbroughs, Schenker Inter- Corporation, Meritus Industries, Inc., Committee, Pacific Market Inter- national, Schottenstein Stores Cor- Metal Forming, Inc. national, Pacific Northwest Advisors, poration, Scientific Technologies, Inc., Methode Electronics, Metholatum Com- Pacific Rim Resources, Inc. PackAir Scope Imports, Seafirst Bank, Sea- pany, The, Metratek, MetroBank, Met- AirFreight, Inc. PASCO scientific, Paul Land Service, Inc., Sears, Roebuck & ropolitan Milwaukee Association of Davril Inc., Payless ShoeSource, Inc., Co., Securities Industry Association, H4284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 Security Chain Co., Sellers Tractor tiles and Apparel (USA–ITA), U.S. third of its exports to the United States while Co., Semiconductor Industry Associa- Bank, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, U.S. only 1.7 percent of American exports can tion, Sensormatic Electronic Corp., Council for International Business, crack the Chinese market. The result: We now Separation & Recovery Systems, Inte- U.S.-China Industrial Exchange, Inc., have a $40 billion trade deficit with China gration, Service Merchandise Co., Inc., U.S.-China People’s Friendship Asso- Shamash and Sons, Inc., Shanghai In- ciation, UNC Aerostructures, Uncle which is expected to reach a staggering $50 dustrial Consultant, Inc. Milton Industries, Inc., UNIAX Corp., billion by the end of this year. Shelcore Toys, Shelter Bay Leathers, Union Camp Corporation, Union Car- And this trade deficit will not go away as Inc., Shoe Corporation of America, bide Asia Ltd., Unirex, Inc., Unisource, long as China rigs its laws to block goods Shonac Corporation, Shultz Steel Com- Unisys Corporation, United Airlines, from the United States. Chinese goods enter pany, Siebe Environment Controls, United Machine Co., United Parcel our country at an average tariff rate of 2 per- Siemans Corporation, Siemens Medical Service, United Silicon, Inc., United cent while our exports face an average tariff of Systems, Inc., Sierra Machinery, Inc., States Council for International Busi- 35 percent. Worse, China extorts technology Sierra Semiconductor Corp., SIFCO In- ness, United Technologies Corporation, and expertise from American firms as the dustries, Inc., SigmsTron Inter- Unitek Miyachi Corp., Universal Mar- national, Inc., Sijo Enterprises, Inc., keting Group, Unocal Corporation, US price of doing business in China. Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Silicon Export, Inc., US Trade Center, US Congress has limited means to address our Graphics, Simco Electronics, Simmons Trading and Investment Company, US many and serious concerns regarding China. and Simmons, Simmons Machine Tool West, Inc., US-China Business Council, But China's exports to the United States of Corporation, Skarda Equipment Co., V7S Corporation, Valve Manufacturers more than $50 billion per year give us lever- Skyway Luggage Company, SLJ Retail Association, Varian Associates, Vector age that we must use to further American in- LLC, SmarTrunk Systems, Inc., Corp., Vector Products Inc., Venture terestsÐinterests affecting trade, foreign pol- Soletek, Corp., Solid State Measure- Search, Vermillion, Inc., Viewlogic ments, Inc., Soundprints (TMC), South- icy, and American workers. Systems, Inc., Virco Mfg. Inc., Vtech The United States must not give China a ern Tier World Commerce Association, (OEM), Inc., Vtech Industries, LLC, Southwest Manufacturing, Southwest pass on the tough issues. We need to use our VXI Electronics, WACCO, Wacker trade laws to pressure China for greater ac- Paper Co., Specialty Tool Company, Sitronic Corp., Wagman Construction, Spectrum Associates Inc., SpeedFarm Inc., Warner-Lambert Corporation, cess for American companies and goods. We International Inc., Sperry Sun Drilling Washington Council on International need to take action when China knowingly Services, Sporting Goods Manufactur- Trade, Washington Public Ports Asso- aids in the proliferation of weapons and weap- ers Association, Standard Parts & ciation, Washington State China Rela- ons technology. And we need to take steps to Equipment, Star Cutter Company, tions Council, Water Magic Inter- shield American workers from unfair and inhu- StarBase, Starbucks Coffee Inter- national, Watkins-Johnson Company, national, Starter-Galt Sand Co., State mane prison labor. The Weathervane, Weaver Manufactur- I am voting against MFN for China because Fish Co., Stearman Aircraft Products ing, The Westchester City, NY County Corporation, Sterling International, we need to let China and our trade leaders Chamber of Commerce, Western Bank/ Sterling Machine Company Inc., Stern know that more of the same from China is not Bellevue, Western Resources, Westing- International, Inc., Stetron Inter- acceptable. If our Government wants support house Electric Corporation, Westvaco, national, Inc., Stratedge Corp. Weyerhaeuser Company, Whirlpool for free trade, then it must insist on fair and Stride Rite Corporation, The, Stride Asia, Inc., Whirlpool Corporation, equal standards and compliance with our Tool, Inc., Strippit, Inc., Strombecker White Cap International, Whittaker trade laws. When that happens there will be Corporation, Summit Financial Strate- Aerospace, Wichita Area Chamber of broader support for MFN. gies, Sun Microsystems, Inc., Commerce, Wichita Machine Products, Sundstrand Corporation, Sundstrand Mr. BALLENGER. Once again, Mr. Speaker Wichita Tool, Wichita Wranglers, Fluid Handling Corp., Sunkist Growers, we find ourselves debating the renewal of Sunshine Metals, Superior Boiler Wicon International Ltd., Wilcox most-favored-nation status for the People's Works, Inc., Superior Coatings, Inc., Brothers Sign Co., William Kent Inter- Republic of China. It has become an annual Sutlu Imports Int’l Inc., Sweepster national, Wind River Systems, Inc., exercise, one that exposes the deep division Inc., Sy Quest Technology, Inc., Windmere-Durable Holdings, Inc., Wm. F. Hurst Co., Inc., Wm. Wrigley Jr. in our Nation over our relationship with the Symbios Logic, T.L.I. International most populous nation in the world. Corporation, Talarian, Tampa Arma- Company, Woolworth Overseas Corp., World Association of Children and Par- I am reluctantly going to vote against the ture Works Inc., Tampa Electric, resolution of disapproval, House Joint Resolu- Tampa Port Authority, Taplin Design ents (WACAP), World Trade Center Group, Inc., Target Stores, TD Mate- Denver, World Trade Council, tion 79, authored by my esteemed colleague rials, Inc., Team Concepts North Amer- Worldports Inc., Worldwide Contacts from New York, Mr. SOLOMON. I am reluctant ica, Ltd., Technitrol, Inc., Ted L. Connections Contracts, Xerox Corpora- because China is governed by an authoritarian Rausch Co., Tegal Corp., Tektronix, tion, XILINX, Inc., YES! Entertain- regime which represses its people and brutally Inc., Teleglobe International, Telemind ment Corporation, Zak, Incorporated, cracks down on dissent. I, like so many of my Capital Corporation, TeleProcessing ZB Industries, Inc., Zellweger Analyt- colleagues, want to take action to force China Products Inc., Temcor, TENNECO, ics, Inc., Zycad Corp., Zymed Labora- tories, Inc. to change, to become democratic and to en- Tennessee Association of Business, sure that all the people of that nation have the Tens Machine Co., Inc., Terra-Mar Re- Ms. DELAURO. Mr. Speaker, we are consid- source Information Service, Texaco, opportunity to participate fully in economic so- ering the important matter of whether the Unit- cial, political, and religious freedom. But, how Texas Association of Business & Cham- ed States should extend China's most-fa- bers of Commerce, Texas Coalition for do we accomplish this? Will terminating MFN U.S.-China Commercial Relations, vored-nation trading status. status achieve these ends? I must reluctantly Texas Farm Bureau, Texas instruments I want to build a strong relationship between conclude that it will not. Incorporated, Textron Inc., 3–G the United States and ChinaÐa relationship I believe that the United States can do more Inernational, Inc., 3M Company under which American businesses and work- to advance the cause of human rights and fos- Thornley & Pitt, Inc., Three Way Pat- ers can prosper, a relationship which will en- ter religious, economic and political freedom if tern, Inc., Tierney Metals, Time War- courage China to embrace international norms we continue to engage the Chinese in eco- ner Inc., The Timken Company, TMR and human rights. But the MFN status China nomic cooperation. Social freedomsÐlike free- Materials Co., Inc., Toledo Area Inter- enjoys has done little to build a strong mutu- national Trade Association (TAITA), dom of religionÐare a direct result of eco- Tomy America, Inc., Tone Commander ally beneficial relationship between our two nomic liberalization. If we remove all of Chi- Systems, Topline Imports, Inc., Toy nations. na's trade privileges, we are not only isolating Manufacturers of America, Toys ’R’ Us, Under MFN, China has engaged in unfair that country, but we are losing any opportunity Inc., Tradehome Shoe Stores, Inc., trade practices, pirated intellectual property, to improve human rights there. Let's not forget Tramco, Inc., Transammonia, Inc., spread weapons and dangerous technology to that many of the students that took to Trans-Ocean Import Co., Inc., Trans- rogue nations, suppressed democracy, en- Tiennamen Square to protest against their Phos, Inc., Triangle Coatings, Inc., Tri- croached on democratic reforms in Hong Government were educated in the United dent Microsystems, TRIG, Trio Ma- Kong, and engaged in human rights abuses. States. Termination of MFN status would cur- chine, TRW Inc., TSC Engineering Co., TSI, Inc., Tube Sales, Inc., Tucker Many sing the praises of MFN, but as we con- tail the education of Chinese students in the MFG., Turner Electric Works, Twin sider this issue, we must focus on the facts. United States and thus hinder future democra- Cities Airports Task Force, Tyco Pre- China has gladly profited from MFN while tization in China. school Inc., U.S. Agri-Chemicals Corp., continually flaunting international agreements I also believe that by terminating MFN we U.S. Association of Importers of Tex- and standards of conduct. China sends one- will hurt the American worker and consumer. June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4285 Perhaps as much as $9 billion in United in the People's Republic of China. While MFN As we all know, the Government of the old States exports to China might be affected by has helped China expand its economy, and South Africa continuedÐin fact, stepped upÐ removing MFN privileges. In one company improve the living standards of a relatively its campaign of repression and terror, includ- alone in my congressional district, 500 jobs small number of its citizens, I believe it is an ing kidnaping, torture, jailing, and murder, to would be at risk. absolute leap of faith to argue that China's maintain apartheid until 1987Ðthat is, the year However, we must continue to pursue economic growth has benefited the vast ma- the Western World finally lost patience with human rights in China and around the globe jority of its 1.4 billion citizens who continue to the promises of progress made by the South as an important foreign policy objective. Cur- be deniedÐsometimes forciblyÐthe freedom African Government. rently, some of my colleagues are drafting to think, speak, read, worship, and vote as Just as constructive engagement failed to positive steps to influence more directly the they wish. reform the old South Africa, continued MFN domestic situation in China. An expansion of I simply cannot agree with those who argue will fail to reform China. Because I believe Radio Free Asia and other democracy-building that MFN will one dayÐsome dayÐresult in only the strongest trade sanctions, including a efforts in China are among United States pol- improved human rights in China as the Gov- worldwide trade embargo on China, will en- icy options. In addition, Congress is discussing ernment of that vast nation continues to vio- courage China's leaders to change the poli- the restriction of visas for Chinese nationals late human rights on a massive scale. cies that promise to transform China into the involved in Human rights violations and/or For example, the people of Tibet have been world's leading rogue nation, I will continue to arms proliferation. It is my believe that these subject to especially harsh treatment by the work to suspend China's MFN status. aggressive efforts to promote human rights Chinese Government. Why? Because their Mr. COYNE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support are more likely to encourage constructive culture and religion are inseparable from the of House Joint Resolution 79, the resolution of change in China. movement that seeks full Tibetan freedom disapproval and against most-favored-nation Mr. Speaker, we must stay engaged with from ChinaÐa movement that has been bru- status for China. China to effect the economic and political situ- tally suppressed by the Chinese Government The Country Reports on Human Rights ation there. Terminating MFN status will only since the late 1940's, when armed Chinese Practices for 1996 issued by the Department be a useless gesture that will hurt the Amer- forces drove the Dalai Lama, the head of Ti- of State states that: ``The GovernmentÐof ican worker. I urge my colleagues to vote bet's ancient theocracy, into exile. ChinaÐcontinues to commit widespread and down House Joint Resolution 79. Since then, the Chinese Government has well-documented human rights abuses in vio- Mr. PACKARD. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in stepped up its efforts to discredit the Dalai lation of internationally accepted norms, stem- support of an issue that is of grave importance Lama as well as its campaign to eradicate the ming,'' among other reasons from ``* * * the to me and to our Nation as a wholeÐmost-fa- ancient culture and traditions of Tibet. In May absence or inadequacy of laws protecting vored-nation [MFN] status for China. Continu- 1994, a new ban on the possession and dis- basic freedoms.'' And the report continues: ing normalized relations with China is not an play of photographs of the Dalai Lama, re- ``No dissidents were known to be active at affirmation of their record on human rights. It sulted in a raid of monasteries in which Bud- year's end.'' is, however, our best hope of maintaining a dhists priests were brutally beaten by Chinese Every year when MFN is before the Con- channel of democratic ideals and principles of military personnel. gress for renewal we are told that it is only The child recognized by the Dalai Lama, but freedom to China's citizens. Ending MFN through engagement with China that condi- rejected by the Chinese Government, as the would be a terrible loss for those fighting for tions will improve and every year the State Pansen Lama, the second highest individual in freedoms in China. Department's report seems to indicate that If MFN were revoked, manufactured goods the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy, is currently conditions, engagement to the contrary not- from China would be subject to high tariffs being held in ``protective custody'' by Chinese withstanding, have changed little. upon entering the United States, possibly trig- authorities. Further, the United States' trade deficit with gering a retaliatory response. If we close our Since 1996, all religious institutions in China China was close to $40 billion in 1996. And it door, they will close theirs. That means Amer- must register with the state. The failure to do is only recently and with an absence of enthu- ican farmers and manufacturers will pay the so results in the closure of such institutionsÐ siasm that the Government of China has price. For every product we sell, there is a or worse. For example, Human Rights moved to protect the intellectual property supplier in Europe or Asia that can quickly WatchÐAsia reports that unofficial Protestant rights of United States citizens. Also, the Chi- pick up our discarded opportunities. We would and Catholic communities have been har- literally be handing our global markets to our assed, with congregants arrested, fined, sen- nese markets are not entirely open to United competitors. tenced, and beaten. States exports and trade barriers prohibit the Mr. Speaker, there has been a lot of specu- The sad fact is that after two decades after full flow of trade. lation concerning the possible repression of the United States and China normalized rela- In summary, continued human rights viola- freedom in Hong Kong when China reclaims tions, China has persistedÐno, insistedÐon tions, failure to protect intellectual property its authority. I too am concerned and will be following policies that threaten to make it an rights, and failure to permit United States watching closely. But I am hopeful that Hong increasingly disruptive force among the family goods greater access to China's markets Kong's free and prosperous economy will ac- of nations. China's continuing and growing leads me to conclude that renewal of MFN for tually further market reforms in mainland practice of selling advanced weapons and nu- China at this time is not warranted. China. Revoking MFN now would be tragic for clear technology to Iran, Iraq, and other rogue Mr. POMEROY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in oppo- Hong Kong and would destroy any hopes for nations is already a threat to world peace. sition to House Joint Resolution 79, a resolu- positive results. Supporters of continued MFN for China tion to revoke most-favored-nation [MFN] for Democratic and Western values often ride argue that continued economic development in the People's Republic of China. on the heels of American goods and products. China will lead inevitably to a more open Chi- First, it is important to be clear about the Cutting our economic ties with China would nese society and polity. Unfortunately, the cur- terms of this debate so it is well understood turn the clock back and strengthen the hands rent Chinese leadership seems willing and what is proposed by this resolution. Most-fa- of extreme nationalists and those who wish to able to delay what MFN proponents insist is vored-nation is not preferential treatment, rath- repress freedoms. I strongly encourage all of the inevitable. er, it is the normal trade status that the United my colleagues to support the continuation of It should be remembered that like China States extends to all but eight nations in the MFN status for China. today, the old South Africa had a growing world. Revocation of MFN, on the other hand, Mrs. MINK of Hawaii. Mr. Speaker, I rise economy, a growingÐalbeit racially limitedÐ is not the withdrawal of special trade conces- today to oppose the renewal of the most-fa- middle class, a significant United States busi- sions but the imposition of economic sanctions vored-nation [MFN] trade status of the Peo- ness presence, and a repressive government. that would potentially sever our ties with the ple's Republic of China because China contin- And, just like the arguments supporting contin- world's most populous nation. ues to deny the greater part of its citizenry the ued and increased trade with China, it was ar- With that understanding, we can have an most basic human rights; engages in the worst gued that continued and increased United honest debate about whether employing uni- kinds of religious, political, and ethnic persecu- States trade with the old South Africa would lateral sanctions and ending our trade relation- tion; bully neighboring countries; and under- bring about the economic, social, and political ship with China will bring about the changes in mines international stability by exporting mis- reforms that would inevitably force the South Chinese behavior that we all wish to seeÐ siles and nuclear technology to some of the African Government to dismantle apartheidÐ greater respect for human rights, adherence to world's leading rogue nations. the policy of segregation and economic and trade agreements, and support for non- Every year, we are told that MFN promotes political discrimination against non-European proliferation controls. In my view, revoking continued economic growth and human rights groups. MFN in an attempt to isolate China is highly H4286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 unlikely to induce positive change in China but its extension into Hong Kong as well. Let's In 1996, Chinese piracy of United States in- and is certain to harm United States economic just review China's record. tellectual property cost our economy over $2.3 and strategic interests. First on nonproliferation, in the 1980's, we billion. Since China's opening to the West in the received information that China was covertly The Chinese have continually used this sta- late 1970's, the political and economic condi- assisting Pakistan's shadowy nuclear program. tus to their advantage, including the most re- tions of the Chinese people have improved China promised it would mend its ways, and cent development of Chinese military owned significantly. Through trade and contact with in return we signed a Nuclear Cooperation business' selling enormous amounts of goods American business partners, individuals and Agreement in 1985Ðan agreement which has to the United States, all because we allow it. communities in China, especially in the coastal never been implemented throughout its 12 These normal trade relations produce noth- regions, have gained substantial freedom from year existence because no U.S. President has ing but negative effects on our economy, and central government planners in Beijing. Sever- ever been able to certify that China is being a we can no longer stand idly by and let our ing those contacts would reverse that progress responsible member of the international non- country move further into debt. and have the effect of increasing Beijing's au- proliferation community. Finally on human rights, we have an obliga- thority over the lives of the Chinese people. In the 1980's, the Chinese National Nuclear tion to promote human rights throughout the Mr. Speaker, not only would revoking MFN Corporation secretly built a nuclear reactor in world. To support China in its practice of sup- fail to advance human rights in China, it would Algeria. After a multitude of denials, China fi- pressing democracy, and encouraging slave seriously injure United States economic inter- nally admitted its involvement in the reactor labor would be a contradiction of everything ests. I am especially concerned about the ef- constructionÐonly after aerial photographs our country stands for. fect revoking MFN would have American agri- identified it in 1991. Another lie exposed. The State Department Country Report on culture. China is expected to account for 37 In 1994, after China had signed the Nuclear Human Rights from this year states that the percent of future growth in United States agri- Nonproliferation Treaty, press reports indi- Chinese Government continued to commit culture exports, making it the most important cated that the Chinese National Nuclear Cor- widespread and well-documented human growth market for United States commodities. poration was building a secret military reactor rights abuses, in violation of internationally ac- In last year's farm bill, Congress eliminated in Pakistan, as well as two reactors and a ura- cepted norms, stemming from the authorities' the safety net and told family farmers they nium facility in Iran. More promises broken. intolerance of dissent, fear of unrest, and the would have to earn their income solely from In 1996, the transfer of 5,000 ring magnets absence or inadequacy of laws protecting the marketplace. It would be unfair to the from the Chinese National Nuclear Coopera- basic freedoms. farmers in my State and around the country to tion to Pakistan for use in a uranium enrich- Mr. Speaker, we can not continue to support now close down perhaps their most important ment facility was leaked to the press. China the abhorrent practices in China, economically export market. promised that it wouldn't do it again, and the or abstractly. Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join me Clinton adminsitration chose to believe those We are told to wait and see what happens in advancing the interest of both the people of promises, despite the years of deception that when Hong Kong changes hands, but the the United States and the people of China by should have called the nature of China's as- players have already moved to centerfield. Al- opposing the resolution and continuing normal surances into question. ready the hand picked legislature for Hong trade relations with China. In the area of missile proliferation, a press Kong has given the police broad new powers Mr. BARRETT of Nebraska. Mr. Speaker, I report published just last week described a to ban even peaceful demonstrations, and any rise in strong opposition to this resolution new short-range missile being developed by group wishing to hold a protest march or rally which would end normal trade relations with Iran with the help of technology and assist- must get prior approval from the police. China. ance from the China Precision Engineering In- Granting MFN status to China now would be Trade with China is about trading goods and stitute New Technology Corporation. China like buying your 16-year-old a Porshe for trading ideasÐideas of religious freedom, free has been selling M±11 missiles to Pakistan for flunking out of high school. It only reinforces speech, and a free-market economy. Ending 5 years, according to a June 30 article in Time bad behavior and leads to big trouble down trade means an end to this exchange of ideas, magazine, and recent satellite photos indicate the road. and an end to the freedoms we hope the Chi- that not only are missiles being transferred, China is speeding up down the runway, nese people may one day have. but that an entire missile factory is being built. ready to take off with Hong Kong. There is no While the biggest losers of ending trade with This latest information comes after the all too justification for renewing China's most-favored- China may be the Chinese people, we here at familiar series of promises Beijing made in nation status until they have proven to abide home also stand to lose. And this is so clearly 1994 not to do it anymore. by international standards and practices. We illustrated in agriculture trade. Years of lies, years of broken promisesÐ should not be handing them MFN on a silver We will lose our sixth biggest agriculture ex- what we have here is a proliferation pathology. platter, they must earn it. port market and $2.6 billion in annual trade. China is as hooked on selling weapons of Every year on the day after we grant China Our farmers here at home would lose more mass destruction as an alcoholic is to his MFN status, the Chinese Government votes to than $4 billion in income in the next 3 years. scotch. We need to prescribe the appropriate grant the United States MFN for most-foolish- While we would have to work doubly hard to therapy, and as with alcoholism, it will take nation status for being duped again on non- expand our markets elsewhere, the average more than a 12-step self-help program at a proliferation, trade, and human rights. Chinese citzens would end up having to pay proliferators anonymous group. The alcoholic Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to granting a higher price at the store for food. will first promise to cut down on his drinking. China most-favored-nation status. And that's what this debate is about todayÐ When he gets caught, he'll make the same Back in the 1980's, we received information how can we help improve the living conditions promise. If he keeps getting caught, he'll up that China was covertly assisting Pakistan's of the average Chinese citizen. We can cease the ante and promise to stop cold turkey. shadowy nuclear program. China promised it trade, cease our exchange of ideas and know When does the alcoholic really stop drinking? would mend its ways, and in return we signed that the practioners of abhorrent human rights When an intervention take place. When his a nuclear cooperation agreement in 1985Ðan abuses will use this vote as an excuse to fur- family and friends tell him that they will no agreement which has never been imple- ther punish supporters of trade with America. longer support, accept, or tolerate his behav- mented throughout its 12 years existence be- Or we can stand tall and know that trade ior, and he is forced to confront his addiction cause no United States President has ever with China is the biggest opportunity we have honestly in order to regain their love and trust. been able to certify that China is being a re- to move China in the direction we want. I en- Mr. Speaker, what we need to do with China sponsible member of the international non- courage my colleagues to vote against this is undertake a proliferation intervention. proliferation community. misguided resolution. On trade, every year we are told that renew- In the 1980's, the Chinese National Nuclear Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, I wish to convey ing China's most-favored-nation status would Corporation secretly built a nuclear reactor in my strong support for the disapproval of most- help reduce our trade deficit with China; how- Algeria. After a multitude of denials, China fi- favored-nation status for China. ever, we have seen that trade deficit rise from nally admitted its involvement in the reactor Six days from now, China will gain consider- $2.8 billion in 1987 to $39.5 billion in 1997. constructionÐonly after aerial photographs able strength nationally and internationally with Supporters claim that MFN is normal trade identified it in 1991. Another lie exposed. the inclusion of Hong Kong. By approving relations. These so-called normal relations In 1994, after China had signed the Nuclear most-favored-nation status, we will be using produce a 2-percent tariff on Chinese goods, Nonproliferation Treaty, press reports indi- the power of the United States of America to but the Chinese levy a 35-percent average tar- cated that the Chinese National Nuclear Cor- condone their misbehavior not only in China, iff rate on United States goods. poration was building a secret military reactor June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4287 in Pakistan, as well as two reactors and a ura- $50 billion projected for 1997. Less than 2 sive world they are born into and show them nium facility in Iran. More promises broken. percent of United States exports are allowed the light of democracy. It is a decision that will In 1996, the transfer of 5,000 ring magnets into China, while over 33 percent of China's affect the stability of Asia for the foreseeable from the Chinese National Nuclear Coopera- exports come into the United States. China's future. This decision is a choice between sup- tion to Pakistan for use in a uranium enrich- high tariffs and nontariff barriers limit access porting the economic miracles in Taiwan and ment facility was leaked to the press. China to the Chinese market for most United States Hong Kong or walk away from the situation promised that it wouldn't do it again, and the goods and services and violate the GATT entirely. It is a decision to protect American Clinton administration chose to believe those agreement. We must take action to assure jobs in Puget Sound or threaten their very ex- promises, despite the years of deception that that from the economic standpoint we have a istence. should have called the nature of China's as- level playing field. I will cast my vote in favor of a normal trade surances into question. Second, I am concerned about Chinese ef- relationship with China for many reasons in- In the area of missile proliferation, a press forts to transfer nuclear, advance missile, cluding the ones detailed below. report published just last week described a chemical, and biological weapons technology WASHINGTON STATE new short-range missile being developed by to nations like Iran and nonsafeguarded na- Washington State is the most trade depend- Iran with the help of technology and assist- tions like Pakistan. China is the largest nu- ent State in the United States. Recent studies ance from the China Precision Engineering In- clear power in the world and the only nation have concluded that 1 out of every 4 jobs in stitute New Technology Corporation. China which produces long-range nuclear missiles. Washington State are dependent on trade. In has been selling M±11 missiles to Pakistan for The United States spends billions to promote fact, trade between Washington State and 5 years, according to a June 30 article in Time Middle East peace, and Iran is a threat to that China represented over 20 percent of the total magazine, and recent satellite photos indicate peace. We cannot continue to ignore China's trade between the two countries. The eco- that not only are missiles being transferred, transfer of dangerous technology to that re- nomic well being and continued growth of the but that an entire missile factory is being built. gion. Such activity threatens to destabilize not State economy are closely linked to a continu- This latest information comes after the all too only our Nation but other regions of the world. ation of trade with China. familiar series of promises Beijing made in Most importantly, human rights issues con- Mr. Speaker, over 30,000 employees work 1994 not to do it anymore. tinue to concern me. The State Department's in my district for the Boeing Co. Many on this Years of lies, years of broken promisesÐ most recent issue of the Country Reports on floor have targeted the Boeing Co. as a rea- what we have here is a proliferation pathology. Human Rights reveal that Chinese authorities son to deny MFN from China. In a letter that China is as hooked on selling weapons of have increased efforts to curtail public protests I requested from Boeing asking the hard ques- mass destruction as an alcoholic is to his or criticism of the government. There has tions about the welfare of American workers in scotch. We need to prescribe the appropriate been increased persecution of evangelical Puget Sound, I was informed that in this year therapy, and as with alcoholism, it will take Protestants and Roman Catholics in China alone over $1 billion in contracts for American- more than a 12 step self-help program at a who choose to worship independently of the made Boeing aircraft have been solidified with proliferators anonymous group. The alcoholic government-controlled church. In addition, offi- China. Further, 70 percent of all commercial will first promise to cut down on his drinking. cials there ruthlessly enforce laws limiting fam- sales of Boeing aircraft are sold overseas. When he gets caught, he'll make the same ilies to having one child. It is well-documented However, impressively over 85 percent on promise. If he keeps getting caught, he'll up that individuals who gave birth to a second average of the contents of these aircraft are the ante and promise to stop cold turkey. child there experienced loss of job or govern- from the United States and they are all as- When does the alcoholic really stop drinking? ment benefits, fines and in some cases forced sembled in the Puget Sound region. These When an intervention takes place. When his sterilization. The freedoms we often take for are impressive statistics and I intend to follow family and friends tell him that they will no granted in America are what makes this Na- through on these numbersÐand Mr. Speaker, longer support, accept, or tolerate his behav- tion such a wonderful place to live. As a na- I include the letter for the RECORD. ior, and he is forced to confront his addiction tional policy, I do not support offering eco- RELIGIOUS FREEDOM honestly in order to regain their love and trust. nomic incentives to a nation which discour- Finally, religious freedom demands the con- Mr. Speaker, what we need to do with ages and disallows the freedom for individuals tinuation of a normal trade relationship. China China is undertake a proliferation intervention. to express themselves. We need to exercise some tough love, and tell Our Nation has a responsibility to use its le- is guilty of the persecution of Christians and I China that we have had enough of the empty verage to act on behalf of fairness and must condemn their behavior. However, to walk assurances and broken promises. Let's get insist on a reciprocal relationship with China. away from the success that Christian missions China onto the nonproliferation wagonÐvote It is my strong desire that once and for all have enjoyed in China will not help curb this to revoke MFN status. these three issues can be addressed so that practice. The Reverend Billy Graham has stat- Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in both countries can have a satisfactory trade ed that he is ``in favor of doing all we can to support of the resolution to disapprove most- relationship. However, this will not happen by strengthen our relationship with China and its favored-nation status for China. Last year, I once again overlooking the serious problems people.'' He continues, ``nations respond to opposed efforts to grant this privilege to that are occurring in China. A recent poll by friendship just as much as people do.'' China, and following a trip I made to China Business Week magazine shows that 67 per- The China Service Coordinating Office, an earlier this year, I continue to have reserva- cent of the American people oppose MFN for organization that represents more than one tions about extending this status. China. Let's do what the American people hundred Christian organizations in China be- Since the 1989 Tiananmen Square mas- want and deny MFN status for China. lieves that the revocation of MFN will threaten sacre, concern in Congress about the United Mr. METCALF. Mr. Speaker, today I will Christian outreach to the mainland. I must look States-China relationship has focused on cast one of the most difficult votes during my to those missionaries who are carrying out three areas: China's violations of our trade tenure in Congress when I vote to grant most- their Christian ministry every day on the agreements, proliferation of weapons of mass favored-nation status to China. ``Most-favored- ground, in the trenches and trust they under- destruction, and human rights abuses. During nation status'' is a misnomer, the vote is actu- stand what is best for the persecuted Christian last year's debates on China MFN status, a ally whether or not to continue a normal trad- minority in China. They support the continu- resolution was passed urging the appropriate ing relationship with China. ation of a normal trading relationship with House committees to hold hearings and offer There are many reasons to deny even a China. recommendations on these areas. While con- normal trading relationship with China. The OUR FUTURE RELATIONSHIP WITH CHINA gressional hearings and commissions have lack of respect for the sanctity of human life, The United States of America must pursue met and many reports been issued, in each of the lack of free speech or assembly, and the a new policy with China. In order to effect real these areas where Chinese violations have targeting and persecution of Christians are all change, we must end this yearly debate on a occurred, it is clear that our national policies of good reasons to deny a normal trading status. normal trading relationship and pursue a prag- constructive engagement have failed. In fact, But there is another side. To stop trade with matic policy that reacts swiftly and certainly there has been marked deterioration, not im- China will further isolate and remove any pres- against Chinese infractions against its citizens provement, under recent policies. sure the United States has to improve their and the global community. Looking from the economic perspective, the system. The vote on a normal trading status We must enact legislation to prohibit busi- United States deficit with China has steeply with China is a decision that will dictate how ness with Chinese companies tied to the Chi- climbed from $3 billion at the time of the the United States chooses to support and help nese Red Army. We must deny visas to Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989 to over bring the citizens of China out of the oppres- human rights abusers in China to enter the H4288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 United States. We must increase funding to trade status for China. We have hoped that a Mr. Speaker, I agree with the statements of democratic institutions dedicated to bringing policy of trade engagement with China would the President in his letter to Congress of June the message of democracy to the Chinese lend to greater democracy in China and great- 11, 1997: people. We must react swiftly to any violation er responsibility from the Chinese government. Our engagement with China does not mean of trade agreements by enacting targeted It has not. that we endorse all of its policies. Where sanctions against China. Only through bringing China's human rights record leaves much to China has acted contrary to our interests about change such as these will we support be desired. There is clear evidence of perse- and the standards of international behavior, cution of religious belief, persecution of the we have made clear our differences. We suc- real change in China. cessfully pressed China to end its assistance THE BOEING COMPANY, people of Tibet, use of prison labor, and a re- to unsafeguarded nuclear facilities in third Arlington, VA, June 20, 1997. stricted press. Additionally, our dialogue and countries. We insisted that it take strong Hon. JACK METCALF, willingness to engage China in trade has steps to protect the intellectual property Longworth House Office Building, U.S. House made no discernible impact in the area of rights of American videotape and compact of Representatives, Washington, DC. human rights. disc makers from piracy. When China carried DEAR CONGRESSMAN METCALF: I want to out provocative military exercises in the take the opportunity to respond to your re- China continues to engage in predatory Strait of Taiwan, we sent our aircraft car- cent inquiry concerning the Boeing Company trade practices that have led to our $40 billion riers to the region as a reminder of our com- and how our relationship with China affects trade deficit with China. China refuses to en- mitment to stability and a peaceful resolu- jobs at our Everett, Washington facility. force laws against the piracy of intellectual We are an American company with a global property and patents, continues to ship prod- tion to the Taiwan issue. And repeatedly, we have stood up for human rights in China—at presence competing in a global market. We ucts made with prison labor, evades United sell our products worldwide and support hun- the United Nations Human Rights Commis- States restrictions on China textile exports by sion in Geneva; through the State Depart- dreds of thousands of American aerospace transshiping pieces through Hong Kong, and jobs. Today, about 70% of our sales are inter- ment’s unvarnished annual human rights re- national. In the future, $3 out of every $4 we effectively prohibits thousands of foreign prod- ports; in our meetings with China’s leaders. make will be from customers outside the ucts from entering the Chinese market through We will continue to use all the tools at our United States. a maze of regulations which run counter to the disposal—cooperation, diplomacy, targeted The Boeing Company considers China to be General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Our sanctions, when appropriate—to narrow our the single most important international trade deficit with China has been rising at a differences. Ending normal trade treatment for China market for commercial airplane sales in the faster rate than that of any other major trading next 20 years. China has need for about 1,900 would end our strategic dialogue—blocking partner. How many more American jobs are cooperation on issues important to Ameri- new airplanes, valued at $124 billion. This we going to let China's repressive government year alone we’ve signed orders for over a bil- ca’s interests and destroying our ability to lion dollars worth of airplanes to China, in- destroy? promote China’s fuller observation of inter- cluding five 777s and two 747s—all made at It is clear that countless extensions of the national norms. Rather than advancing our Everett facility. MFN trading privilegeÐa privilege China human rights, revocation would cut off our We have 32,000 employees working in Ever- needs more than we doÐhave not worked. contact with the Chinese people. It would ett, including engineers, machinists, pilots Our yearning for friendship and our attempts eliminate, not facilitate, further cooperation and technicians. Their jobs are dependent on to persuade Beijing to conform to international on preventing weapons proliferation, pro- our ability to sell airplanes. The Boeing norms have been met with failure. moting stability on the Korean peninsula, Commercial Airplane Group also has ap- China continues to increase spending on and combating transnational threats to both proximately 5,000 U.S. suppliers who help our countries. It would close one of the the military, and seems intent on developing world’s emerging markets to our exports and contribute to building our airplanes. A small an offensive military capabilityÐfinanced by percentage of our suppliers are located out- endanger an estimated 170,000 American jobs. side the United States, including six in billions of dollars the regime makes through its It would make China more isolated and less China. managed trade with us. Beijing refuses to join likely to play by the rules of international While Chinese suppliers are responsible for international efforts to stem the proliferation of conduct. a portion of the work done by our inter- nuclear arms, continues to transfer advanced Most of the opponents of normal trade national suppliers, the majority of the work ballistic missile technology to Syria and Paki- treatment for China seek goals that I share— on our airplanes occurs here in the United stan, provides nuclear and chemical weapons respect for human rights and religious free- dom in China; fair and open trade; respon- States. In fact, 86% of the dollar value technology to Iran, and refuses to comply with (parts, tools and labor) of Boeing commercial sible policies on weapons proliferation. But I the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. am convinced the path they have chosen to aircraft in 1996 was provided by Boeing and The United States has a responsibility to U.S. aerospace suppliers. advance those goals is the wrong path. Fur- It is important to note that Boeing will re- use whatever leverage it hasÐmilitary, diplo- ther change in China is necessary and inevi- tain the key engineering, design and prod- matic, or economicÐto send this message. table, but it will not come overnight. It most uct-integration expertise that has made us We have a responsibility to speak out for de- assuredly will not come if we isolate our- the world’s leading producer of commercial mocracy wherever possible. For in the end, selves and cut off our relationship with one jetliners. We will not transfer any tech- the argument over MFN is not just about what quarter of the world’s population. nologies or core competencies that would kind of country China is, it is about what kind I urge my colleagues to oppose this resolu- help a supplier become a competitor. of nation we are. China needs to be sent a tion and support MFN for China. A stable relationship between China and Mr. RYUN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ad- the United States will directly affect our loud, unequivocal messageÐa message that ability to sell airplanes in China—which in can only be delivered by revoking Beijing's dress a very difficult issue that we've been turn affects jobs at Boeing. MFN status. wrestling with for some months now. As a Beyond jobs, trade is a powerful force for Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, I rise freshman, this is my first vote on most-fa- human progress, representing the free ex- in support of MFN for China. I rise in support vored-nation status for China. And I have lis- change of goods, services and ideas. MFN ex- of the common sense proposition that we con- tened very carefully to both sides on this mat- tension will help to assure that we can re- tinue to normalize trade relations with the Peo- ter. main engaged and competitive in China, and ple's Republic of China. This has been a very healthy debate. It is a will also lay the groundwork for concluding We live in a global economy and it simply debate about religious freedom and human World Trade Organization (WTO) negotia- tions that will help lock in China’s economic makes no sense to turn our back on a nation rights in China as well as about how to pro- reform process, improve the rule of law and of 1 billion people. It is in our national security mote democracy and economic freedom improve market access for U.S. workers and interests as well as our economic interest that throughout the world. farmers. In our view, trade is the best tool we have normal relations. I agree with the many missionaries in China we have for promoting American values in We are all concerned about human rights who have told me personally that denying China. and individual freedom, but the best way to MFN status to China would only isolate that I want to thank you for the opportunity to promote those causes is to be present in country, pushing it further from our ideals of address some of your questions, and your China with our values and our products. religious freedom and democracy. I do not be- continued interest and efforts on behalf of the Boeing Company and its employees. In my district alone, I have heard from large lieve that slamming the door to freedom and Sincerely, and small companies whose future for prod- trade would improve human rights in China. CHRISTOPHER W. HANSEN, ucts and jobs largely depends on new mar- Instead, it would close off the avenues of Vice President, kets. greater Western influence. U.S. Government Affairs. I can think of no more important export to In a recent memo, a group opposing the re- Mr. CONDIT. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to China than each and every example of the newal of MFN to China quoted an editorial cast my vote against most-favored-nation American success story. from the Economist which stated: June 24, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H4289 If you hear your neighbor beating up his resolution of disapproval of most-favored-na- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- children, do you give a shrug and say it is tion [MFN] status for products from China. I ant to sections 152 and 153 of the Trade none of your business? believe that it is in the best interest of United Act of 1974, the previous question is or- My answer is absolutely no. And I hope that States agriculture to continue, and eventually dered on the joint resolution. all of us here would go next door and try to expand, the current trading relationship with The question is on the engrossment stop the abuse. That's how the United States China. and third reading of the joint resolu- should deal with China. To deny MFN would United States agriculture exports to China tion. be to shrug and say that the human rights were $2 billion last year, a significant increase The joint resolution was ordered to abuses are not our problem. Some have ar- over 1993 United States exports of less than be engrossed and read a third time, and gued that we should ignore the violations, pull one-half of $1 billion. China represents an ag- was read the third time. up our drawbridge, put on our blinders and riculture market that is vital to the success of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The turn inward, leaving China to continue its poli- our farmers and ranchers. Our agriculture question is on the passage of the joint cies of persecution and population control. We trade with China can strengthen development resolution. have been down that road. And what did it of private enterprise in that country and bring The question was taken; and the produce? A decade-long terror called the Cul- China more fully into world trade membership. Speaker pro tempore announced that tural Revolution. There are few countries that do not have the noes appeared to have it. I believe the best way to affect change in unconditional MFN status with the United ChinaÐmorally, economically and politicallyÐ RECORDED VOTE States. MFN status allows a country's prod- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. Speaker, I de- is through interaction with the Chinese. We ucts to enter into the United States at the should demonstrate the American way of in- mand a recorded vote. same tariff rates that apply to other trading A recorded vote was ordered. tegrity, honesty, and openness. partners. In fact, MFN provides no special Today, United States exports of goods and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- treatment. It allows us to treat all countries' ant to the order of the House of earlier services to China total about $14.4 billion and imports in the same manner. Failure to do so support over 200,000 jobs. Kansas exports to today, the Chair announces that he often has a serious negative impact on Amer- will reduce to a minimum of 5 minutes China in 1996 were $53.2 million, up from $6 ican agriculture, the first to feel the impact of million in 1990. And China is my State's 13th the period of time within which a vote embargoes and retaliation. by electronic device, if ordered, will be largest trading partner. It is my intention to work toward the goal of Let's make sure that in our zeal to rap the taken on the question of the Speaker’s ensuring regular and ongoing trade with knuckles of the Chinese Government, that we approval of the Journal. China. In fact, the committee has been work- do not slam the American farmer and manu- The vote was taken by electronic de- ing closely with the Secretary of Agriculture facturer with a 2 by 4 and cause the loss of vice, and there were—ayes 173, noes 259, and the United States Trade Representative thousands of American jobs. We need only be not voting 3, as follows: on matters related to China's accession to the reminded of the Soviet grain embargo im- [Roll No. 231] World Trade Organization. Several issues re- posed by President Carter in the 1980's. I can AYES—173 lated to nontariff trade barriers must be re- assure you that Kansas wheat farmers have solved prior to any accession. Abercrombie Gilman Owens not forgotten it. Aderholt Gonzalez Pallone International trade is important for American I believe there are more effective ways to Barcia Goode Pappas agriculture and for the success and prosperity Barr Goodling foster freedom and curb human rights abuses Parker of American farmers and ranchers. I urge my Bartlett Gordon Pascrell in China. We should: First, ban companies colleagues to reject House Joint Resolution Barton Graham Paxon controlled by the Chinese military from com- Berman Gutierrez Payne 79. mercial activity in the United States; second, Bishop Hall (OH) Pelosi Mr. KIM. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong oppo- Blunt Hastings (FL) deny visas to Chinese officials involved in Pickering sition to the resolution. Bonior Hefley Pombo human rights abuses, religious repression or Bono Hefner Earlier this year, I traveled to China, Hong Rahall population control or who engage in selling Borski Hilleary Riley Kong and Taiwan with Speaker GINGRICH and high-tech weaponry; and third, increase ex- Brown (OH) Hilliard Rivers a dozen of my colleagues. At each stop, it Bunning Hinchey change programs for Chinese students to Rogan was impressed on us how important MFN for Burr Hobson Rogers Burton Horn come to the United States. Rohrabacher China is. People in both Taiwan and Hong Cardin Hostettler So, by renewing MFN status, we choose to Ros-Lehtinen Carson Hoyer Kong pleaded with us not to cut off trade with Rothman go next door and persuade our neighbor to Chambliss Hunter China. It is extremely important to them. Royce treat his children lovingly. The United States Chenoweth Hyde Sabo Why? Because they have billions of dollars Clay Inglis should remain a positive influence on its Sanchez worth of investment in China and Hong Kong. Clayton Jackson (IL) neighbor by keeping our doors open to dem- Sanders Clyburn Jones So do we. Sanford onstrate how families in a free and prosperous Coburn Kaptur What do we gain by denying trade with Scarborough nation live together in peace. Collins Kasich Let us remember the words of President China? Yes, some countries don't have Condit Kennedy (MA) Schaffer, Bob MFNÐsuch as Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea Cook Kennedy (RI) Scott Reagan in his last State of the Union Address: Sensenbrenner and CubaÐcountries that the State Depart- Costello Kildee One of the greatest contributions the Unit- Coyne Kilpatrick Sisisky ed States can make to the world is to pro- ment has listed as sponsors of international Crapo King (NY) Smith (MI) mote freedom as the key to economic terrorism. Cubin Kingston Smith (NJ) growth. A creative, competitive America is Do we want to include China in the same Cummings Klink Smith, Linda Danner Klug Solomon the answer to a changing world, not trade category? Maintaining strong relations with Souder wars that would close doors, create great Davis (IL) Kucinich China is of great importance to providing long- Deal Lantos Spence barriers, and destroy millions of term stability to the Asia-Pacific region. MFN DeFazio Lewis (GA) Spratt jobs . . . Where others fear trade and eco- is not a privilege, it is to maintain normal trade Delahunt Lewis (KY) Stark Stearns nomic growth, we see opportunities for cre- relations. DeLauro Lipinski ating new wealth and undreamed-of opportu- Dellums LoBiondo Stokes nities for millions in our own land and be- The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Diaz-Balart Maloney (CT) Strickland Stupak yond. Where others seek to throw up bar- LAHOOD). All time has expired. Dickey Markey Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Doolittle Mascara Taylor (MS) riers, we seek to bring them down; where Thompson unanimous consent that if proceedings Duncan McCarthy (NY) others take counsel of their fears, we follow Ehrlich McInnis Tiahrt our hopes. on the Journal resume immediately Engel McIntyre Tierney After much prayerful thought, I will vote in after an electronic vote on another Ensign McKinney Torres question, then the minimum time for Evans Menendez Traficant favor of extending most-favored-nation status Everett Miller (CA) Upton to China. any electronic vote on agreeing to the Forbes Mink Velazquez I urge my colleagues to support normal Speaker’s approval of the Journal may Fowler Molinari Vento trade relations with China in hopes of continu- be 5 minutes. Frank (MA) Mollohan Visclosky The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Ganske Myrick Wamp ing our influence of religious and economic Gejdenson Nadler Waters freedom. objection to the request of the gen- Gephardt Norwood Watt (NC) Mr. SMITH of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, I rise in tleman from California? Gibbons Obey Watts (OK) opposition of House Joint Resolution 79, a There was no objection. Gillmor Olver Waxman H4290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE June 24, 1997 Weldon (FL) Weygand Woolsey LARGENT, TAUZIN, LEWIS of Califor- Gallegly Lofgren Rogan Wexler Wolf Wynn Ganske Lowey Rogers nia, and BECERRA changed their vote Gejdenson Lucas Rohrabacher NOES—259 from ‘‘aye’’ to ‘‘no.’’ Gekas Luther Ros-Lehtinen Ackerman Gekas Murtha Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Mrs. Gilchrest Maloney (CT) Rothman Allen Gilchrest Neal MCCARTHY of New York, and Mr. Gillmor Manton Roukema Andrews Gingrich Nethercutt Gilman Manzullo Roybal-Allard Archer Goodlatte Neumann TORRES changed their vote from ‘‘no’’ Gonzalez Markey Royce Armey Goss Ney to ‘‘aye.’’ Goode Martinez Ryun Bachus Granger Northup So the joint resolution was not Goodlatte Mascara Salmon Baesler Green Nussle passed. Goodling Matsui Sanchez Baker Greenwood Oberstar Gordon McCarthy (MO) Sanders Baldacci Gutknecht Ortiz The result of the vote was announced Goss McCarthy (NY) Sandlin Ballenger Hall (TX) Oxley as above recorded. Graham McCollum Sanford Barrett (NE) Hamilton Packard Granger McCrery Sawyer Barrett (WI) Hansen Pastor f Greenwood McDade Saxton Bass Harman Paul Gutierrez McGovern Scarborough Bateman Hastert Pease PERSONAL EXPLANATION Hall (OH) McHale Schaefer, Dan Becerra Hastings (WA) Peterson (MN) Hall (TX) McHugh Schumer Bentsen Hayworth Peterson (PA) Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina. Mr. Speak- Hamilton McInnis Scott Bereuter Herger Petri er, I ask permission to speak out of order. On Hansen McIntosh Sensenbrenner Berry Hill Pickett rollcall vote 231, House Resolution 79, to dis- Harman McIntyre Serrano Bilbray Hinojosa Pitts approve most-favored-nation treatment to the Hastert McKeon Shadegg Bilirakis Hoekstra Pomeroy Hastings (WA) McKinney Shaw Blagojevich Holden Porter products of the People's Republic of China, I Hayworth Meehan Shays Bliley Hooley Portman was recorded as voting ``no'', it was my inten- Herger Meek Sherman Blumenauer Houghton Poshard tion to vote ``yes'', to deny MFN to China. I Hill Menendez Shimkus Boehlert Hulshof Price (NC) Hilleary Metcalf Shuster Boehner Hutchinson Pryce (OH) ask that this statement be printed in the CON- Hinchey Mica Sisisky Bonilla Istook Quinn GRESSIONAL RECORD immediately after rollcall Hinojosa Millender- Skaggs Boswell Jackson-Lee Radanovich vote 231. Hobson McDonald Skeen Boucher (TX) Ramstad Hoekstra Miller (CA) Skelton Boyd Jefferson Rangel f Holden Miller (FL) Slaughter Brady Jenkins Redmond Hooley Minge Smith (MI) Brown (CA) John Regula THE JOURNAL Horn Mink Smith (NJ) Brown (FL) Johnson (CT) Reyes Hostettler Moakley Smith (OR) Bryant Johnson (WI) Riggs The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Houghton Molinari Smith (TX) Buyer Johnson, E. B. Rodriguez LAHOOD). Pursuant to clause 5 of rule I, Hoyer Mollohan Smith, Adam Callahan Johnson, Sam Roemer the pending business is the question of Hunter Moran (VA) Smith, Linda Calvert Kanjorski Roukema Hutchinson Morella Snowbarger Camp Kelly Roybal-Allard the Speaker’s approval of the Journal. Hyde Murtha Snyder Campbell Kennelly Rush The question was taken; and the Inglis Myrick Solomon Canady Kim Ryun Speaker pro tempore announced that Istook Nadler Souder Cannon Kind (WI) Salmon the ayes appeared to have it. Jackson (IL) Neal Spence Capps Kleczka Sandlin Jackson-Lee Nethercutt Spratt Castle Knollenberg Sawyer RECORDED VOTE (TX) Neumann Stabenow Chabot Kolbe Saxton Mr. UPTON. Mr. Speaker, I demand a Jefferson Ney Stearns Christensen LaFalce Schaefer, Dan Jenkins Northup Stenholm Clement LaHood Schumer recorded vote. John Norwood Stokes Coble Lampson Serrano A recorded vote was ordered. Johnson (CT) Nussle Stump Combest Largent Sessions The SPEAKER pro tempore. This Johnson (WI) Obey Talent Conyers Latham Shadegg will be a 5-minute vote. Johnson, Sam Ortiz Tanner Cooksey LaTourette Shaw Jones Owens Tauscher Cramer Lazio Shays The vote was taken by electronic de- Kanjorski Oxley Tauzin Crane Leach Sherman vice, and there were—ayes 369, noes 59, Kaptur Packard Taylor (NC) Cunningham Levin Shimkus not voting 6, as follows: Kasich Pappas Thomas Davis (FL) Lewis (CA) Shuster Kelly Parker Thornberry Davis (VA) Linder Skaggs [Roll No. 232] Kennedy (MA) Pastor Thune DeGette Livingston Skeen AYES—369 Kennedy (RI) Paul Thurman DeLay Lofgren Skelton Kennelly Paxon Tiahrt Ackerman Bryant DeGette Deutsch Lowey Slaughter Kildee Payne Tierney Aderholt Bunning Delahunt Dicks Lucas Smith (OR) Kim Pease Torres Allen Burr DeLauro Dingell Luther Smith (TX) Kind (WI) Pelosi Towns Andrews Burton DeLay Dixon Maloney (NY) Smith, Adam King (NY) Peterson (MN) Traficant Archer Buyer Dellums Doggett Manton Snowbarger Kingston Peterson (PA) Turner Armey Callahan Deutsch Dooley Manzullo Snyder Kleczka Petri Upton Bachus Calvert Diaz-Balart Doyle Martinez Stabenow Klink Pickering Vento Baesler Camp Dickey Dreier Matsui Stenholm Klug Pitts Walsh Baker Campbell Dicks Dunn McCarthy (MO) Stump Knollenberg Pomeroy Wamp Baldacci Canady Dingell Edwards McCollum Sununu Kolbe Porter Watkins Ballenger Cannon Dixon Ehlers McCrery Talent LaFalce Portman Waxman Barcia Capps Doggett Emerson McDade Tanner LaHood Price (NC) Weldon (FL) Barr Cardin Dooley English McDermott Tauscher Lampson Pryce (OH) Weldon (PA) Barrett (NE) Carson Doolittle Eshoo McGovern Tauzin Lantos Quinn Wexler Barrett (WI) Castle Doyle Etheridge McHale Taylor (NC) Largent Radanovich Weygand Bartlett Chabot Dreier Ewing McHugh Thomas Latham Rahall White Barton Chambliss Duncan Farr McIntosh Thornberry LaTourette Rangel Whitfield Bateman Chenoweth Dunn Fattah McKeon Thune Lazio Regula Wise Becerra Christensen Edwards Fawell McNulty Thurman Levin Reyes Wolf Bentsen Clement Ehlers Fazio Meehan Towns Lewis (CA) Riggs Woolsey Bereuter Clyburn Ehrlich Filner Meek Turner Lewis (KY) Riley Wynn Berman Coble Emerson Flake Metcalf Walsh Linder Rivers Young (AK) Berry Coburn Engel Foglietta Mica Watkins Lipinski Rodriguez Young (FL) Bilbray Collins Eshoo Foley Millender- Weldon (PA) Livingston Roemer Bilirakis Combest Etheridge Ford McDonald Weller Bishop Condit Evans Fox Miller (FL) White NOES—59 Blagojevich Conyers Ewing Franks (NJ) Minge Whitfield Abercrombie Filner Kilpatrick Bliley Cook Farr Frelinghuysen Moakley Wicker Borski Foglietta Kucinich Blumenauer Cooksey Fattah Frost Moran (KS) Wise Brown (CA) Fox Lewis (GA) Blunt Coyne Fawell Furse Moran (VA) Young (AK) Brown (OH) Gephardt LoBiondo Boehlert Cramer Flake Gallegly Morella Young (FL) Clay Gibbons Maloney (NY) Boehner Crane Foley Clayton Green McDermott NOT VOTING—3 Bonilla Crapo Forbes Costello Gutknecht McNulty Bonior Cubin Ford Cox Schiff Yates Cummings Hastings (FL) Moran (KS) Bono Cunningham Fowler DeFazio Hefley Oberstar Boswell Danner Frank (MA) b English Hefner Olver 1550 Boucher Davis (FL) Franks (NJ) Ensign Hilliard Pallone Boyd Davis (IL) Frelinghuysen Mr. GILCHREST, Ms. PRYCE of Everett Hulshof Pascrell Brady Davis (VA) Frost Fazio Johnson, E. B. Pickett Ohio, and Messrs. SUNUNU, Brown (FL) Deal Furse