Coccygectomy for Chronic, Symptomatic Coccygeal Dislocation: Case Report
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Prevalence and Incidence of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Korea Nationwide Epidemiological Study Focusing on Differences in Socioeconomic Status
SPINE Volume 41, Number 4, pp 328–336 ß 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence and Incidence of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Korea Nationwide Epidemiological Study Focusing on Differences in Socioeconomic Status Sung Bae Park, MD, PhD,Ã Jayeun Kim, PhD,y Je Hoon Jeong, MD,z Jung-Kil Lee, MD, PhD,§ Dong Kyu Chin, MD, PhD,{ Chun Kee Chung, MD, PhD,jj Sang Hyung Lee, MD, PhD,Ã and Jin Yong Lee, MD, PhD# Results. In 2012, the standardized prevalence of OP in the Study Design. A cross-national study. NHI and MA groups was 3968 and 6927 per 100,000, Objective. To determine the prevalence and incidence of respectively (odds ratio, 3.83). The standardized incidence of osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) in OP in the MA group was significantly higher than in the NHI Korea and to investigate if socioeconomic status has an effect. group in 2011 and 2012 (odds ratios, 2.34 and 2.19, respect- Summary of Background Data. As life expectancy increases, ively). In addition, the standardized incidence of OVF in the MA OP and related fragility fractures are also increasing. This group in 2011 and 2012 was 408 and 389 per 100,000, presents a serious challenge, not only for health authorities but respectively, and the incidence in the MA group was signifi- also for individuals, their families, and society overall. Determin- cantly higher than in the NHI group (odds ratios, 4.13 and 4.12, ing the prevalence and incidence of OP and related fragility respectively; P < 0.001). -
Universitätsspital Balgrist, Zürich Chiropraktische Medizin Kommissarischer Leiter: Prof
Universitätsspital Balgrist, Zürich Chiropraktische Medizin Kommissarischer Leiter: Prof. Dr. Armin Curt, MD, FRCPC Betreuung der Masterarbeit: Dr. Brigitte Wirth, PT, PhD Leitung der Masterarbeit: Prof. em. Dr. Barry Kim Humphreys, BSc, DC, PhD A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON QUANTIFIABLE PHYSICAL RISK FACTORS FOR NON-SPECIFIC ADOLESCENT LOW BACK PAIN MASTERARBEIT zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Master in Chiropraktischer Medizin (M Chiro Med) der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich vorgelegt von Tobias Potthoff (09-712-712) 2017 Table of Content 1. Scientific Accompanying Text .......................................................................................................... 3 2. Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 13 3. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 14 4. Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 15 a. Search strategy .......................................................................................................................... 15 b. Inclusion criteria ........................................................................................................................ 15 c. Study selection ......................................................................................................................... -
Injuries and Affections of the Spine ศ.นพ.พิบูลย์ อิทธิระวิวงศ์ ภาควิชาออร์โธปิดิกส์ I
Injuries and Affections of the Spine ศ.นพ.พิบูลย์ อิทธิระวิวงศ์ ภาควิชาออร์โธปิดิกส์ I. Injuries of the spine and thorax :- Classification 1. Major fractures and displacements of the cervical spine - Wedge compression fracture of vertebral body - Burst fracture of vertebral body - Extension subluxation - Flexion subluxation - Dislocation and fracture-dislocation - Fracture of the aieas - Fracture-dislocation of atlanto-axial joint - Intra-spinal displacements of soft tissue 2. Major fractures and displacements of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae - Wedge compression fracture of vertebral body - Burst fracture of vertebral body - Dislocation and fracture-dislocation 3. Paraplegia from spinal injuries 4. Minor fractures of the spinal column - Fracture of transverse processes - Fracture of spinous processes - Fracture of the sacrum - Fracture of the coccyx 5. Fractures of the thoracic case - Fracture of the ribs - Fracture of the sternum II. Orthopaedic disorders of the spine Disorders Neck and cervical spine Trunk and spine (T,L,S) Congenital - Lumbar and sacral variations, abnormalities Hemivertebra. Spina bifida. Deformities Infantile torticollis Scoliosis. Congenital short neck Kyphosis. Congenital high spcapula Lordosis. Infections of bone Tuberculosis of C-spine Tuberculosis of T or L-spine Pyogenic infection of C- Pyogenic infection of T of L-spine. spine Arthritis of the spinal Ankylosing spondylitis Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis joints Cervical spondylosis Ankylosing spondylitis Osteochondritis - Scheuermann’s disease Calve’s -
Evicore Spine Imaging Guidelines
CLINICAL GUIDELINES Spine Imaging Policy Version 1.0 Effective February 14, 2020 eviCore healthcare Clinical Decision Support Tool Diagnostic Strategies: This tool addresses common symptoms and symptom complexes. Imaging requests for individuals with atypical symptoms or clinical presentations that are not specifically addressed will require physician review. Consultation with the referring physician, specialist and/or individual’s Primary Care Physician (PCP) may provide additional insight. CPT® (Current Procedural Terminology) is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association (AMA). CPT® five digit codes, nomenclature and other data are copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. No fee schedules, basic units, relative values or related listings are included in the CPT® book. AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. AMA assumes no liability for the data contained herein or not contained herein. © 2019 eviCore healthcare. All rights reserved. Spine Imaging Guidelines V1.0 Spine Imaging Guidelines Procedure Codes Associated with Spine Imaging 3 SP-1: General Guidelines 5 SP-2: Imaging Techniques 14 SP-3: Neck (Cervical Spine) Pain Without/With Neurological Features (Including Stenosis) and Trauma 22 SP-4: Upper Back (Thoracic Spine) Pain Without/With Neurological Features (Including Stenosis) and Trauma 26 SP-5: Low Back (Lumbar Spine) Pain/Coccydynia without Neurological Features 28 SP-6: Lower Extremity Pain with Neurological Features (Radiculopathy, Radiculitis, or Plexopathy and Neuropathy) With or Without Low Back (Lumbar Spine) Pain 32 SP-7: Myelopathy 36 SP-8: Lumbar Spine Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis 39 SP-9: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis 42 SP-10: Sacro-Iliac (SI) Joint Pain, Inflammatory Spondylitis/Sacroiliitis and Fibromyalgia 44 SP-11: Pathological Spinal Compression Fractures 47 SP-12: Spinal Pain in Cancer Patients 49 SP-13: Spinal Canal/Cord Disorders (e.g. -
The Effectiveness and Harms of Spinal Manipulative
Effectiveness and Harms of Spinal Manipulative Therapy Evidence-based Synthesis Program for the Treatment of Acute Neck and Lower Back Pain APPENDIX A. SEARCH STRATEGIES 1. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SEARCH STRATEGIES SEARCH STRATEGY FOR “CHIROPRACTIC” SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS DATABASE SEARCHED: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Other Reviews NO DATE OR LANGUAGE LIMITATIONS SEARCH STRATEGY: 'chiroprac* in Title, Abstract, Keywords Cochrane Reviews (17) Other Reviews (44) SEARCH STRATEGY: "Manipulation, Spinal" Cochrane Database Search Strategy #2: spine or spinal or neck or back or cervi* and (smt or manipulat* or chiropract*):ti,ab,kw Dates: 2011-present, Limit to the Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Other Reviews (DARE), Technology Assessments, and Economic Evaluations databases. Forward search on: Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, Meeker WC, Shekelle PG. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. A systematic review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). Aug 1 1996;21(15):1746-1759; discussion 1759-1760. 2. UPDATE SEARCH STRATEGIES SPINAL MANIPULATION THERAPY – 2015 UPDATE SEARCH METHODOLOGY DATABASE SEARCHED & TIME PERIOD COVERED: COCHRANE CENTRAL – 1/1/2011-2/06/2017 SEARCH STRATEGY: #1 MeSH descriptor: [Back] explode all trees #2 MeSH descriptor: [Buttocks] this term only #3 MeSH descriptor: [Leg] this term only 54 Effectiveness and Harms of Spinal Manipulative Therapy Evidence-based Synthesis Program for the Treatment of Acute Neck and Lower Back Pain #4 MeSH descriptor: [Back Pain] explode all trees #5 MeSH descriptor: [Back Pain] -
Coccydynia: a Story Retold
Open Access Austin Journal of Surgery Special Article - Brain Tumor Surgery Coccydynia: A Story Retold Sarmast AH*, Kirmani AR and Bhat AR Department of Neurosurgery, Sher I Kashmir Institute of Abstract Medical Sciences, India Coccydynia refers to a pathological condition in which pain occurs in the *Corresponding author: Arif Hussain Sarmast, coccyx or its immediate vicinity. The pain is usually provoked by sitting or rising Department of Neurosurgery, Sher I Kashmir Institute of from sitting. Most cases are associated with abnormal mobility of the coccyx, Medical Sciences, Dalipora Kawadara Srinagar Kashmir, which may trigger a chronic inflammatory process leading to degeneration of this India structure. The exact incidence of coccydynia has not been reported; however, factors associated with increased risk of developing coccydynia include obesity Received: May 06, 2016; Accepted: October 20, 2016; and female gender. Several non operative interventions are currently used Published: October 26, 2016 for the management of coccydynia including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), hot baths, ring-shaped cushions, intrarectal massage and manipulation (manual therapy), steroid injection, dextrose prolotherapy, ganglion impar blocks, pulsed Radio Frequency Thermocoagulation (RFT) and psychotherapy. Several studies have reported good or excellent results after coccygectomy especially in patients who are refractory to conservative treatment. Keywords: Coccydynia; Coccygectomy; Sacrococcygeal joint Introduction those with type I [10]. Anterior subluxation is a rare lesion and tends to occur in type III and type IV patterns. Posterior subluxation is The word ‘coccyx’ has its ancestry from the Greek word used the more common in the straighter type I configuration [11]. beak of the cuckoo bird due to remarkable resemblance in appearance when viewed from the side [1-3]. -
Skeletal System? Skeletal System Chapters 6 & 7 Skeletal System = Bones, Joints, Cartilages, Ligaments
Warm-Up Activity • Fill in the names of the bones in the skeleton diagram. Warm-Up 1. What are the 4 types of bones? Give an example of each. 2. Give 3 ways you can tell a female skeleton from a male skeleton. 3. What hormones are involved in the skeletal system? Skeletal System Chapters 6 & 7 Skeletal System = bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments • Axial skeleton: long axis (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) • Appendicular skeleton: limbs and girdles Appendicular Axial Skeleton Skeleton • Cranium (skull) • Clavicle (collarbone) • Mandible (jaw) • Scapula (shoulder blade) • Vertebral column (spine) • Coxal (pelvic girdle) ▫ Cervical vertebrae • Humerus (arm) ▫ Thoracic vertebrae • Radius, ulna (forearm) ▫ Lumbar vertebrae • Carpals (wrist) • Metacarpals (hand) ▫ Sacrum • Phalanges (fingers, toes) ▫ Coccyx • Femur (thigh) • Sternum (breastbone) • Tibia, fibula (leg) • Ribs • Tarsal, metatarsals (foot) • Calcaneus (heel) • Patella (knee) Functions of the Bones • Support body and cradle soft organs • Protect vital organs • Movement: muscles move bones • Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorus) & growth factors • Blood cell formation in bone marrow • Triglyceride (fat) storage Classification of Bones 1. Long bones ▫ Longer than they are wide (eg. femur, metacarpels) 2. Short bones ▫ Cube-shaped bones (eg. wrist and ankle) ▫ Sesamoid bones (within tendons – eg. patella) 3. Flat bones ▫ Thin, flat, slightly curved (eg. sternum, skull) 4. Irregular bones ▫ Complicated shapes (eg. vertebrae, hips) Figure 6.2 • Adult = 206 bones • Types of bone -
Fractures of the Craniovertebral Junction Associated with Other Fractures of the Spine: Overlooked Entity?
775 Fractures of the Craniovertebral Junction Associated with Other Fractures of the Spine: Overlooked Entity? Charles Lee 1 In a review of 155 craniovertebral fractures (occiput-C1-C2), 40 of these had asso Lee F. Rogers2 ciated fractures and/or dislocations or subluxations elsewhere in the spine. This rather John H. Woodring1 common occurrence, one of four, has not been emphasized in the recent literature, Steven J. Goldstein1 indicating that the radiologic examination should not stop after the craniovertebral Kwang S. Kim 2 fracture is identified. Furthermore, in 13 patients, neurologic deficits were encountered that in all instances were from associated lower-level fracture. From this experience it was believed that a minimum of anteroposterior and lateral views of the entire spine should be obtained in patients in whom a craniovertebral fracture is found, especially if neurologic deficits are present. The other sites of injury were in the lower cervical spine in 17 patients, in the thoracic spine in five, in the lumbar spine in two, and in the sacrococcygeal spine in two patients. Eight patients had three or more levels of fracture. Craniovertebral fractures are a unique category of spinal fractures involving the occipital bone, atlas, and axis. In 1939 Plaut [1] reported the largest series of atlas fractures, 99 cases, of which 59 involved both the atlas and the other sites in the cervical spine. Thirty-three of these 59 were confined just to the C1 and C2 levels, and the other cases involved the atlas and the rest of the lower cervical spine. Since that time there have been other reports about craniovertebral fractures occurring in combination with other fractures of the spine [2-8], but none have stressed how often this combination occurs . -
COCCYGEAL FRACTURES in ADULTS AS a RESULT of FALL on FROZEN SNOW DURING Bashir Ahmed Mir Et Al WINTER in KASHMIR
COCCYGEAL FRACTURES IN ADULTS AS A RESULT OF FALL ON FROZEN SNOW DURING Bashir Ahmed Mir et al WINTER IN KASHMIR COCCYGEAL FRACTURES IN ADULTS AS A RESULT OF FALL ON FROZEN SNOW DURING WINTER IN KASHMIR IJCRR Bashir Ahmed Mir, Muzamil Ahmad Baba, M.A. Halwai, Adil Bashir Shikari, Vol 05 issue 16 Maajid Shabeer, Naila Nazir Section: Healthcare Category: Research Received on: 14/07/13 Department of Orthopaedics, Govt. Medical College Srinagar, J&K, India Revised on: 03/08/13 Accepted on: 26/08/13 E-mail of Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background There is not much literature available on coccygeal fractures, only a few case reports. We present a first series of 15 cases of coccygeal fractures in adults as a result of similar mode of trauma due to fall on frozen snow during the winter months in the valley of Kashmir. Material and Methods: The study included patients with coccygeal fractures that occurred as a result of direct fall due to slip on ice during the winter months, December to February in the valley of Kashmir. Study was done over a period of 5 years (2007 to 2012) and included a total of 15 patients. Results: 15 cases of coccygeal fractures with an age group of 48 to 72 (average 65 years), 12 females and 3 males is presented. All patients were managed conservatively with uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Our study revealed coccygeal fractures mostly occur in elderly age group with underlying osteoporosis. Although most cases can be managed conservatively with uneventful recovery, measures should be taken to avoid fall related trauma in winters especially in older age group. -
Lab Manual Axial Skeleton Atla
1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES When studying the skeletal system, the bones are often sorted into two broad categories: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. This lab focuses on the axial skeleton, which consists of the bones that form the axis of the body. The axial skeleton includes bones in the skull, vertebrae, and thoracic cage, as well as the auditory ossicles and hyoid bone. In addition to learning about all the bones of the axial skeleton, it is also important to identify some significant bone markings. Bone markings can have many shapes, including holes, round or sharp projections, and shallow or deep valleys, among others. These markings on the bones serve many purposes, including forming attachments to other bones or muscles and allowing passage of a blood vessel or nerve. It is helpful to understand the meanings of some of the more common bone marking terms. Before we get started, look up the definitions of these common bone marking terms: Canal: Condyle: Facet: Fissure: Foramen: (see Module 10.18 Foramina of Skull) Fossa: Margin: Process: Throughout this exercise, you will notice bold terms. This is meant to focus your attention on these important words. Make sure you pay attention to any bold words and know how to explain their definitions and/or where they are located. Use the following modules to guide your exploration of the axial skeleton. As you explore these bones in Visible Body’s app, also locate the bones and bone markings on any available charts, models, or specimens. You may also find it helpful to palpate bones on yourself or make drawings of the bones with the bone markings labeled. -
Chapter 02: Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 2Nd Edition
Hansen: Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 2nd Edition - with Online Access 2 BACK 1. INTRODUCTION 4. MUSCLES OF THE BACK REVIEW QUESTIONS 2. SURFACE ANATOMY 5. SPINAL CORD 3. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 6. EMBRYOLOGY FINAL 1. INTRODUCTION ELSEVIERl VertebraeNOT prominens: the spinous process of the C7- vertebra, usually the most prominent The back forms the axis (central line) of the human process in the midline at the posterior base of body and consists of the vertebral column, spinal cord, the neck supporting muscles, and associated tissues (skin, OFcon- l Scapula: part of the pectoral girdle that sup- nective tissues, vasculature, and nerves). A hallmark of ports the upper limb; note its spine, inferior human anatomy is the concept of “segmentation,” and angle, and medial border the back is a prime example. Segmentation and bilat l Iliac crests: felt best when you place your eral symmetry of the back will be obvious as you hands “on your hips”; an imaginary horizontal study the vertebral column, the distribution of the line connecting the crests passes through the spinal nerves, the muscles of th back, and its vascular spinous process of the L4 vertebra and the supply. intervertebral disc of L4-L5, a useful landmark Functionally, the back is involved in three primary for a lumbar puncture or epidural block tasks: l Posterior superior iliac spines: an imaginary CONTENThorizontal line connecting these two points l Support: the vertebral column forms the axis of passes through the spinous process of S2 (second the body and is critical for our upright posture sacral segment) (standing or si ting), as a support for our head, as an PROPERTYattachment point and brace for move- 3. -
Vertebral Column
Vertebral Column • Backbone consists of Cervical 26 vertebrae. • Five vertebral regions – Cervical vertebrae (7) Thoracic in the neck. – Thoracic vertebrae (12) in the thorax. – Lumbar vertebrae (5) in the lower back. Lumbar – Sacrum (5, fused). – Coccyx (4, fused). Sacrum Coccyx Scoliosis Lordosis Kyphosis Atlas (C1) Posterior tubercle Vertebral foramen Tubercle for transverse ligament Superior articular facet Transverse Transverse process foramen Facet for dens Anterior tubercle • Atlas- ring of bone, superior facets for occipital condyles. – Nodding movement signifies “yes”. Axis (C2) Spinous process Lamina Vertebral foramen Transverse foramen Transverse process Superior articular facet Odontoid process (dens) •Axis- dens or odontoid process is body of atlas. – Pivotal movement signifies “no”. Typical Cervical Vertebra (C3-C7) • Smaller bodies • Larger spinal canal • Transverse processes –Shorter – Transverse foramen for vertebral artery • Spinous processes of C2 to C6 often bifid • 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae are unique – Atlas & axis Typical Cervical Vertebra Spinous process (bifid) Lamina Vertebral foramen Inferior articular process Superior articular process Transverse foramen Pedicle Transverse process Body Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12) • Larger and stronger bodies • Longer transverse & spinous processes • Demifacets on body for head of rib • Facets on transverse processes (T1-T10) for tubercle of rib Thoracic Vertebra- superior view Spinous process Transverse process Facet for tubercle of rib Lamina Superior articular process