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A Report Maquette DEF Emi02.Qxd International Headquarters New York Office Moscow Office Avenue Louise, 149 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 2640 ul. Fadeeva 6-1-32 annual 1050 Brussels New York, NY 10170 Moscow 125047 Belgium United States Russia Tel: +32-2-502-9038 Tel: +1-212-813-0820 Tel/Fax: +7-095-251-4485 Fax: +32-2-502-5038 Fax: +1-212-813-0825 Email: [email protected] report Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] review of 2004 Washington Office London Office Regional & Local Field Offices 2005 plans for 2005 1629 K Street NW, Suite 450 100 Cambridge Grove - Fifth Floor Crisis Group also operates out Washington DC 20006 London W6 0LE of some 20 different locations in United States United Kingdom Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle Tel: +1-202-785-1601 Tel: +44-20-7031-0230 East and Latin America: Fax: +1-202-785-1630 Fax: +44-20-7031-0231 See www.crisisgroup.org for details. Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.crisisgroup.org www.crisisgroup.org Board of Trustees Reuters/Jacky Naegelen, courtesy AlertNet: www.alertnet.org Co-Chairs Leslie H. Gelb President Emeritus of Council on Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Senior Advisor, Modern Africa Fund Managers; annual Board of Trustees inside front cover Foreign Relations, U.S. former Liberian Minister of Finance and Director of UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa Lord Patten of Barnes Former European Commissioner From the Co-Chairs 2 for External Relations, UK Shiv Vikram Khemka Founder and Executive Director (Russia) of SUN Group, India report From the President 3 President & CEO James V. Kimsey Founder and Chairman Emeritus of America Gareth Evans Former Foreign Minister, Australia Online, Inc. (AOL) Bethuel Kiplagat Former Permanent Secretary, Mission 4 Executive Committee Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kenya 2005 Morton Abramowitz Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Wim Kok Former Prime Minister, Netherlands Method 5 State and Ambassador to Turkey Trifun Kostovski Member of Parliament, Macedonia; Emma Bonino Member of European Parliament; founder of Kometal Trade Gmbh Operations 6 former European Commissioner Elliott F. Kulick Chairman, Pegasus International, U.S. Cheryl Carolus Former South African High Commissioner to Crisis Group in Africa the UK; former Secretary General of the ANC Joanne Leedom-Ackerman Novelist and journalist, U.S. Central Africa 8 Maria Livanos Cattaui* Secretary-General, Todung Mulya Lubis Human rights lawyer and author, Indonesia International Chamber of Commerce Horn of Africa 9 Barbara McDougall Former Secretary of State for Southern Africa 10 Yoichi Funabashi Chief Diplomatic Correspondent & Columnist, External Affairs, Canada The Asahi Shimbun, Japan West Africa 11 Ayo Obe Chair of Steering Committee of World William Shawcross Journalist and author, UK Movement for Democracy, Nigeria Crisis Group in Asia Stephen Solarz* Former U.S. Congressman Christine Ockrent Journalist and author, France Central Asia 12 George Soros Chairman, Open Society Institute Friedbert Pflüger Foreign Policy Spokesman of the CDU/CSU North East Asia 13 William O. Taylor Chairman Emeritus, The Boston Globe, U.S. Parliamentary Group in the German Bundestag * Vice-Chair South Asia 13 Victor M. Pinchuk Member of Parliament, Ukraine; South East Asia 14 founder of Interpipe Scientific and Industrial Adnan Abu-Odeh Former Political Adviser to King Abdullah II Production Group and to King Hussein; former Jordan Surin Pitsuwan Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Thailand Crisis Group in Europe Permanent Representative to UN Balkans 16 Itamar Rabinovich President of Tel Aviv University; Kenneth Adelman Former U.S. Ambassador and Director of former Israeli Ambassador to the U.S. and Caucasus 17 the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Chief Negotiator with Syria Moldova 19 Ersin Arioglu Member of Parliament, Turkey; Fidel V. Ramos Former President, Philippines Chairman Emeritus, Yapi Merkezi Group Lord Robertson of Port Ellen Former Secretary General of NATO; Crisis Group in Latin America Diego Arria Former Ambassador of Venezuela to the UN former Defence Secretary, UK Colombia/Andes 20 Zbigniew Brzezinski Former U.S. National Security Advisor to Mohamed Sahnoun Special Adviser to the United Nations Haiti 21 the President Secretary-General on Africa Victor Chu Chairman, First Eastern Investment Group, Ghassan Salamé Former Minister Lebanon, Crisis Group in the Middle East & North Africa Hong Kong Professor of International Relations, Paris Arab-Israeli Conflict 22 Wesley Clark Former NATO Supreme Allied Commander, Salim A. Salim Former Prime Minister, Tanzania; Europe former Secretary General of the Iran/Iraq/Gulf 23 Pat Cox Former President of European Parliament Organisation of African Unity Egypt/North Africa 24 Ruth Dreifuss Former President, Switzerland Douglas Schoen Founding Partner of Penn, Schoen & Berland Associates, U.S. CrisisWatch & Thematic Issues 26 Uffe Ellemann-Jensen Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Denmark Pär Stenbäck Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Finland Mark Eyskens Former Prime Minister, Belgium Thorvald Stoltenberg Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Norway Crisis Group’s Visibility 27 Stanley Fischer Vice Chairman, Citigroup Inc.; former First Deputy Managing Director of International Grigory Yavlinsky Chairman of Yabloko Party and its Duma Monetary Fund faction, Russia Reports and Briefings Published in 2004 28 Bronislaw Geremek Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Poland Uta Zapf Chairperson of the German Bundestag Subcommittee on Disarmament, Arms Control Measuring Progress 30 I.K. Gujral Former Prime Minister, India and Non-proliferation Carla Hills Former U.S. Secretary of Housing; Ernesto Zedillo Former President of Mexico; Director, Yale former U.S. Trade Representative Center for the Study of Globalization Website 32 Lena Hjelm-Wallén Former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister, Sweden Financial Statements 33 James C.F. Huang Deputy Secretary General to the President, Taiwan Chairmen Emeritus Crisis Group’s Funding 34 Martti Ahtisaari Swanee Hunt Chair of Inclusive Security: Women Waging Former President, Finland Peace; former U.S. Ambassador to Austria Acknowledgements & Thanks 36 Asma Jahangir UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions; former Chair George J. Mitchell Human Rights Commission of Pakistan Former U.S. Senate Majority Leader Staff inside back cover Cover photo: Somali gunman, Reuters/Antony Njuguna Design by Impacto.be From the Co-Chairs From the President Leslie H. Gelb Lord Patten of Barnes 2005 is the International Crisis Group’s tenth anniversary. While we can do better still in sharpening the research and advocacy We have come a long way since, in a plane flying out of war- tools we already have, and in finding a wider public audience and Though I have only recently joined the International Crisis I have just spent five interesting years as the European ravaged Sarajevo in 1993, a conversation between Morton support base for the work we do, 2004 showed us just how potent Group, I am no stranger to conflict resolution. I have spent Union’s Commissioner for External Affairs trying to practise Abramowitz and Mark Malloch Brown struck the initial spark. those tools can be. As the pages of this report document, Crisis time in and out of government toiling here, with notable lack conflict prevention from the Balkans, to Colombia, to the And since a remarkable gathering of international figures Group played a significant role in shaping policy toward and within a of success. That never comes easily in conflict resolution, with Congo. My constant companions during those years, from one endorsed Mort’s vision of a new global organisation in January host of countries. For example: almost every achievement matched by a failure elsewhere, airport terminal to another, were Crisis Group reports. “Is there 1995. And since a shoestring two-person office in London, particularly in Africa. And the record of the last decade has anything by the International Crisis Group on this place that I and a fact finding mission to Sierra Leone, began by the end • In Sudan, our long-standing push for a comprehensive peace been especially bad in dealing with proliferation of weapons should read?” I would invariably enquire before heading off to of 1995 to make it all happen. agreement between the Sudanese government and Southern SPLA of mass destruction. But for me and for my colleagues at some new crisis-threatened destination. rebels saw that finally signed in Naivasha, Kenya, on 9 January 2005; Crisis Group, failure anywhere is not a tolerable option. Crisis Group today – with its 110 full-time staff spread across some • In Darfur, in western Sudan, we played a central role in focusing So as an enthusiastic client and consumer of the product – informed, 25 locations on five continents, working simultaneously on around global attention on the atrocity crimes committed by the What can be done? Failures in conflict resolution have powerful objective, well written, action-oriented – when asked to join the 50 areas of actual and potential conflict, and with an annual government and the militias it mobilised, although there is still real fathers. The bad guys invariably have far more control than the good Board as Co-Chair I did not need five minutes to agree. Indeed, I operating budget of nearly $12 million – is universally regarded not distance to go in moving the UN and its member states to a fully guys. The bad guys count on others being preoccupied elsewhere and said “Yes” straight away. only
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