September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27465 Robert D. Rasmussen Thomas M. Schuler Phil:ip A. Stanley John R. Taylor, III William Wallace, Jr. Ronald A. Wickes Earl K. Reed Randolph L. Schultz Sally A. Stansbury Carl W. Thiem Thomas H. Walsh, Jr. Rodney J. Wija.s Frank C. Revels Jerry D. Schutt John E. Steele Mark C. Thoman Larry E. Walther Ronald D. Wilczak Lynnae C. Reynolds Kenneth A. Schwarz Thomas G. Stefek Gregory E. Thompson Michael B. Warlick John A. Wilkerson Ronald R. Rhoads Peter R. Seal Dennis L. Steigmann Lloyd M. Thorne Char'les R. Wa.ters Richard P. Wilks Theron D. Rogers Vincent A. Sessa Blake R. Stephens John D. Thornton Ray E. Watkins Glenn R. Williams Sumner J. Rollings John L. Sexton Cortez D. Stephens John M. Thornton Jo A. Weatherford Herlis A. Williams, Jr. Christopher J. Ross Jerry M. Seybert Fria.nk D. Stephens Julius S. Tindall Randell A. Webb Cornell A. Wilson, Jr. Richard K. Rothell Thomas C. Shoger Mark Stevens Carl E. Treutle Alfred W. Webber Frances C. Wilson Samuel J. Routson Robert W. Skaggs Michael K. Stevens Lon A. Troxel Curtis A. Weber Gregory V. Wilson Byron D. Ruble James M. Sluder III Scott H. Stevens George T. Tucker Robert A. W. Wehrle Paul T. Wilson Charles H. Rucks Charles R. Smith III Clayton E. Stll1ings Ronald D. Twardy Randall B. West Robert T. Wolfertz Gregory M. Russell Edward M. Smith Randolph B. Straut-John G. Upton John A. Wester, Jr. Franklin P. Wood Francis X. Ryan Gary E. Smith man Steven K. Vandoren Michael J. Wheeler Michael S. Woodson Fay G. Sanford, Jr. Gullford V. Smith, Jr. John S. Street Frank A. Vargas III James R. Wheeler John A. Woodward Stephen T. York Randall E. Smith Joseph J. Streitz Thomas J. Venters Allen K. White John W. Saputo Brett N. Younkin Steven D. Summers Kenne,th A. Vincent Roderick E. White Ronald R. Sauer Peter K. Solecki Joseph M. Zeimetz Kenneth E. Schaub Wayne A. Spencer Kenneth W. Tarrent,Joseph M. Vizzier Michael G. Whitten George E. Zhookoff Gordon K. Schmaus Ma.re A. Spurgeon Jr. Joel R. Voneida Douglas L. Wood Robert R. Zimmerman Mark C. Schickner Keith J. Sta.Ider John M. Ta.ska Patricia A. Wahls Steven C. Wry Andrew D. Zinn

EX·TENSIONS OF REMARKS LAKEWOOD, N.J., "TOWN OF CHAM­ climaxed the fullfilment of six goals it had curve ball to their clean-up hitter (Crum) PIONS" WINS LITTLE LEAGUE set some seven weeks ago. but I told him there's no club that can hold For Lakewood co-managers Steve "Butch" us to two runs, and if we hold them to two WORLD SERIES Belitrand, and Dick Work, it represented the we'd win." ultimate climax for a pair of friends whose Trailing 4-3 with two down in the third, HON. JAMESJ. HOWARD teams tied each other for third place during Tampa's Rick Davis sent a towering pop fly the regular season. to short center that, had it dropped in, would OF NEW JERSEY But most of all, the team's 15th consecu­ have scored Crum with the tying run. Rich­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive victory added an illustrious chapter to ardson, however, charged, dived and speared Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Shore sports history. the would-be base hit with his glove hand. "This is certainly the biggest thrill of my "I ran my hardest and got in front of the Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, it is with life,'' said Belitrand amid a group of happy ball, so if I missed it, it wouldn't get past a great deal of pride and pleasure that kids. "Not for me, but for those 14 boys. I'm me," explained Richardson. "We work very I take this opportunity to offer my con­ so happy for all of them and they deserve hard on defense during practice and believe gratulations to the Lakewood Little everything they get." me, it pays off." Ten years from now, Belitrand may not And with the exception of a pair of Dion League baseball team on its stunning remember so fondly the victory at Howard Lowe errors spaced out over the final three victory over Tampa, Fla., in the Little J. La.made Memorial Stadium, here, as he innings, the Lakewood def.ense was excep­ League world series title game at Wil­ will a pair of dramatic comebacks on the way tionally sharp in leaving five Tampa runners liamsport, Pa. to the fine.le. stranded. The 4 to 3 win came on the strong arm "I can remember two key games very well­ '.'Dion is not used to playing shortstop," of Lakewood pitcher Bob DelConte who, Bergenfield and Burlington," smiled Beli­ said Belitrand. "It's a new position for him trand. "If anything, they were the games that and he only plays short when Bobby pitches after allowing a two run homer in the got us this far." Lakewood rallied in eight in­ first inning, stopped the Tampa team in relief. He did an adequate job." nings to top Bergenfield in the state semi­ "Defense has helped us," he added. "George cold by not giving up a single hit for finals, and scored four runs in the last of Star, (Wayne) Richardson, and John Reizer the rest of the game. the sixth to beat Burlington, Vt. in the East­ did an excellent job. When it was 4-3 I cer­ DelConte's fine effort, which included ern Regionals. tainly wasn't worried, but I was su~prised a hit of his own, was backed up offen­ Co-Manager Work called the key: dis­ we didn't score more than four runs." sively by shortstop Dion Lowe who had cipline. It was Reizer's chop single over Tampa "This team is very discipllned,'' he main­ pitcher Vance Lovelace that launched Lake­ two hits· catcher Scott Schulman, sec­ tained. "We try to preach it and work the ond bas~man John Reizer. and third wood's four-run second. Reizer moved to sec­ kids hard. I think it helps the kids under­ ond on a wild pitch, and moved to third on baseman George Starr each turned in a stand that hard work and some dedication DelConte's line single to left putting runners hit. is what it takes to be a winner." at the corners. Other starters include Jay Teitlebaum Yesterday it took a masterful one-hitter After Gary Edwards walked to load the in right field, Wayne Richardson in cen­ by pitcher Bobby DelConte coupled with bases--still with no outs-starr duplicated ter field, Rich DelConte at first base, an.d enough drive to overcome a two-run deficit Reizer's infield safety over the mound that Gary Edwards in left field. The roster is in the first inning, a sensational diving catch scored Reizer with the first run. completed by Mark Goldberg, Alex Men­ by centerfielder Wayne Richardson in the DelConte raced home on a low ball that got third, and the polished poise that has be­ by Tampa catcher Rick Davis to tie the game. dez, Scott Moresco, Kenneth Lawrence, come their trademark that nailed down the Jay Teitelbaum's grounder to third scored and Paul Zabarsky. 29th annual Little League crown. Edwards with the go-ahead run, and Scott Much credit for this victory obviously "I knew in the second inning that when Schulman closed out the rally when his goes to the team's comanagers, Steve we got men on base, we'd end up winning ground ball to shor·t was booted to Cecil "Butch" Belitrand and Dick Work, who the ballgame," claimed Belitrand. "I said the Coley allowing Starr to s<:ore the fourth run. steered the Lakewood Little Leaguers other day that if we could cut down on our "It just seems that when we need a hit we strikeouts, and keep them from hitting the get it," said Work. "That kid (Lovel~ce) through the 15 consecutive victories ball out of the park, that we would win." which led to the Little League world threw it fast and our kids did the best they Lakewood did cut down on its total strike­ could. They didn't strike out a lot today championship crown. outs (seven) but the way it started out for and that's what counts. They- hung in there I would like to again off er my sincere DelConte, few realized at the time that and swung." congratulations on a job well done, and Rick Cum's first-inning two-run home run The Eastern Regiona.l champions appeared to submit for the RECORD an article com­ was the only hit the Southern Regional on the verge of striking again in the fifth champions would manage off the 12-year-old inning when they loaded the bases with two memorating this important piece of righthander. down for Edwards. But Edwards, hitless since shore area sports history which appeared "They were definitely the best-hitting team in the August 24, 1975, Asbury Park we faced," said DelConte in something of an the Mid-Atlantic Division II tournament, Press: overstatement. "The home run shook me up averted the threat when he popped back to a little and if it was in any inning but the the mound. IT WAS A DAY THEY'LL NEVER FORGET first, it wouldn't have bothered me." Edwards, though, could not avert Crum's (By Bill Edwards) It did little to upset his teammates who fifth tournament home run in the first in­ WrLLIAMSPORT, PA.-It was one day no one sent nine batters to the plate 1n a four-run ning. will ever forget. second inning as DelConte pitched hitless DelConte, making his first tournament For members of the Lakewood Little League ba.11 the rest of the way. start, retired the first two Ta.mpa hitters baseball team, yesterday's 4-3 Little League "I thought Bobby pitched one heckuva before he walked its most feared hitter­ World Series title victory over Tampa, Fla., ballgame," lauded Belitrand. "He hung a centerfielder Albert Everett-on five pitches. 27466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 Crum looked at DelConte's first pitch but THE IMPENDING RISE IN ENERGY the costs of competing fuels by over $5 bil­ delivered the next one-a slow curve-over COSTS lion in addition to the $20 billion hike in the fence in left field ... barely. petroleum costs. Altogether total U.S. energy "It didn't look like tt would go over," said costs would rise $25 billion. (See Table 1 for Edwards of Tampa's only hit, "and I thought HON. JOHN D. DINGELL calculations.) I had a chance to catch it, but I jumped on it too eanly." OF MICHIGAN THE EFFECTS OF AN OPEC PRICE HIKE Tampa manufactured its third run in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In addition to these domestic increases, the price of foreign crude may also rise. The Or­ third inning when John Davis walked, moved Wednesday, September 3, 1975 to second when Crum was intentionally ganization of Petroleum Exporting Coun­ wa.lked, and scored when Edwards dropped Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant tries (OPEC) has announced its intention Cawsey Sheffield's low line drive in lef·t. to permission granted, I insert in the ap­ to review its price structure in September. DelConte, who closed out the tournament pendix of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the Although a major increase seems unlikely, with a 4-0 record, displayed the same poise newsletter of the Bankers Trust Co., on it is possible that an upward adjustment of and cool confidence he showed when he $1.50 per barrel could be imposed. The higher pitched out of a. bases-loaded sixth-inning energy, dated August 6, 1975. OPEC price would establish a new world jam to preserve a 6-3 victory in a pre·vious This excellent commentary, published price which without controls would effec­ game. by one of the major banks in the United tively raise the domestic price to approxi­ The Philadelphia native, protecting the States, sets out the consequences of sud­ mately the same level. An OPEC price hike of one-run lead in the fifth inning, set down den decontrol with the expiration of the $1.50 per barrel would raise U.S. petroleum the heart of the Tampa lineup in order. Af­ Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act at costs alone by $9 or $10 billion. Competing ter John Davis grounded to third, Everett, a midnight on August 31. fuel costs would also rise by $2 or $3 billion. .500 plus hitter with nine home runs, struck Thus, the combination of sudden decontrol out, and Crum lined to Reizer at second. The arguments made in this excellent and an OPEC price hike would raise the na­ "Everett--he's the one I wanted to strike publication make it plain that failure to tion's total energy bill by more than $35 out the most," claimed DelConte who struck override the veto of S. 1849, legislation billion per annum. out four. "I wasn't throwing as hard as I extending the Emergency Petroleum Al­ EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY could, but I never do." location Act for 6 months, can have a Given the present depressed state of the "I went out there and did my thing Wed­ disastrous consequence upon the whole economy, such an increase could only be nesday," said Lowe, who beat North Ridge, of the American economy. Calif., 2-0, "and Bobby went out there and detrimental, unless certain countermeasures did his thing today." The newsletter follows: are taken. Thirty-five billion dollars amounts And after Lakewood had done "its thing" THE IMPENDING RISE IN ENERGY COSTS to nearly 4 per cent of U.S. disposable person­ for the last time, Work admitted he was Unless Congress and the Administration al income. It is over one-quarter the amount somewhat happy to see it end. can agree to an extension, the Emergency spent on consumer durables in this country "It's been a real grind over the last three Petroleum Allocation Act wlll expire on and exceeds the federal tax reduction granted weeks or so," he said, "and the kids have August 31. Without this restriction some 40 earlier this year by 50 per cent. Clearly the ta.ken it pretty good. But for me, I'm kind per cent of our domestic crude production purchasing power of American consumers of happy it's over." wlll be freed of controls which have held its would be significantly eroded. Moreover, in­ flationary pressures would undoubtedly be Players were feted at banquet last night. price to approximately $~.25 per barrel. If it They were expected to arrive back at Lake­ is permitted to rise quickly to the present stimulated and the housing industry would wood Little League field at 1 o'clock this free-market price of $13.00 or more a barrel, suffer another setback as interest rates rose. afternoon ... "Mr. OUb," Ernie Banks, threw the impact on our economic recovery will be Higher gasoline costs would further curtail out first ball to Schulman ... Dr. Creighton devastating and might not only delay the U.S. auto sales and production. The cumula­ J. Hale, president of Little League Baseball, recovery, but could easily precipitate a wor­ tive effect of all these pressures would abort presented Belitrand the championship sening of the recession. Bankers Trust Com­ any economic recovery and could send it on plaque. pany agrees with President Ford's desire to to new lows. encourage energy conservation and stimu­ THE PRESmENT'S PROPOSAL late production through gradual price decon­ Descript(on trol, but the Bank also feels that federal pol­ President Ford's proposal of July 25 calls PERSONAL EXPLANATION icymakers and legislators must give careful for the gradual decontrol of old oll over consideration to the probable impact on the the next 39 months. Under his program the economy if controls are suddenly lifted on amount of old oil would be reduced eacn HON. DONALD M. FRASER August 31. month by 1¥2 per cent in the ftrst 12 THE EFFECTS OF DECONTROL OF MINNESOTA months, 2¥.i per cent in the following 12 Under immediate decontrol the average months, and 3¥2 per cent in the remaining IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price of crude oil used in the United States 15 months. The President's proposal would Wednesday, September 3, ~975 would rise rapidly from just above $10.00 to also put a price celling of $11.50 per barrel over $13.00 per barrel, as shown in Table 1. on all domestic free-market crude, except Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ The 30 per cent jump in price would amount crude from stripper wells producing less dent has nominated me and I am now to over 7¢ per gallon of product at retail. than 10 barrels a day. In effect this means serving as a representative on the U.S. For the nation as a whole, the costs of pe­ the price of previously exempted crude Delegation to the Seventh Special troleum products alone would soar by almost would be rolled back by $1.60 to $2.00 per Session of the General Assembly of the $20 billion per annum. barrel. Beginning this October 1 the ceil­ United Nations. I will also serve on the In addition, the price of competing fuels ing would be lifted by 6¢ per month, Ulti­ U.S. Delegation to the 30th Session of would clearly rise in response to the 30 per mately reaching $13.45 on December 1, 1978. cent rise in the petroleum price. If it is as­ Thereafter all controls would be lifted. The the U.N. General Assembly scheduled to sumed that coal prices would rise by only President has also called on Congress to en­ begin September 16. This 30th Session two-thirds the percentage increase of petro­ act a windfall profits tax with plowback will continue into December of this year. leum, or 20 per cent, then the average price provisions. The revenue from the tax woUld In order that I might faithfully pur­ of coal would increase from $25.00 to $30.00 be rebated to taxpayers. sue my new responsibilities at the United per ton. Since coal output approximates 650 Is it feasible? Nations, I have requested that I be milUon tons per annum, the $5.00 per ton Whether or not the new program woUld granted a leave of absence beginning price hike translates into roughly a $3 bil­ be administratively feasible has not been September 3 and continuing until my lion jump in U.S. coal costs per annum. investigated. The Banlt merely wishes to duties are completed in New York. Another competing fuel, intrastate natural note that under Ford's program a four-tier Certain crucial matters and Possible gas, would also rise in price. Presently about pricing system woUld emerge. There would close votes on important issues may bring 7 trillion cubic feet of gas, or one-third of be different prices for old oil, new and re­ all domestic gas production, is sold in intra­ leased oil, stripper oil and foreign oil. The me to Washington during this period. But state markets which are free from govern­ administrative problems associated with the I plan to limit these occasions to the ment price controls. I! the Allocation Act distribution of entitlements and allocations fewest possible. were to expire this gas could also rise in price under such a system could possibly prove Mr. Speaker, I want to be an active by 20 per cent, or by 38c per thousand cubic insurmountable. In addition, it creates a feet. In this case total gas costs would rise condition where producers could be exposed participant in the U.N. deliberations. by about $2:5"billion. This estimate assumes if to the criticism that they were temporarily This can be accomplished only I devote that the FPC will continue to control inter­ withholding output in anticipation of much a considerable amount of time to my U.N. state gas prices. higher future decontrolled prices. In short, assignment. That is what I intend to do. In summary, abrupt decontrol could raise the program could be an administrative September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27467 nightmare tor the government and a source trol the price of crude. Clearly decontrol petroleum and thus more secure both econ­ ot further complaint against the industry. ls needed to stimulate exploration and de­ nomica.lly and mllltarlly. At the same time Effect on prices velopment whlle restricting consumption. under President Ford's phased decontrol Assuming, however, that the President's Prices must be allowed to rise to cover re­ program the purchasing power of energy program ls admln1.stratively feasible, it placement costs 1f this country wishes to consumers would hardly be afiected during makes economic sense to gradually decon- become less dependent on foreign sources of the crucial early stages of economic recovery.

TABLE !.-CALCULATION OF INCREMENTAL ENERGY COSTS UNDER DECONTROL INCREASE IN AVERAGE CRUDE PRICE PER BARREL INCREASE IN TOTAL ENERGY COSTS IN 1976

Current Sudden decontrol Increase in Market Market costs share share Fuel source Additional cost per unit Number of units (billion) Classification Price (percent) Weight Price (percent) Weight OiL ______$3.10 per barrel______6,300,000,000 bbls ______$19. 5 Old domestic______$5. 25 40 $2. 10 $13. 00 40 $5. 20 Coal______$5.00 per ton ______650,000,000 tons ______3.3 Free-market domestic 1______13. 00 25 3. 25 13. 00 25 3. 25 Gas ______$0.38 per thousand cubic feet___ 7,000,000,000,000 tta ______2. 7 Foreign______13. 50 35 4. 73 13. 50 35 4. 73 Total______-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 25. 5 Average price______10. 08 ------13.18 Increase per barrel______3.10 ------1 Includes new, released and stripper crude. Increase per gallon (cent>------7. 4 ------

CALCULATION OF AVERAGE CRUDE PRICES PER BARREL UNDER PRESIDENT FORD'S DECONTROL PROGRAM TABLE 2A.-FIXED FOREIGN PRICE AND MARKET SHARE

Sept 1, 1975 Sept 1, 1976 Dec. 1, 1978 Market share Market share Market share Classification Price (percent) Weight Price (percent) Weight Price (percent) Weight

Old domestic ______------_ $5. 25 40 $2.10 $5. 25 33 $1. 73 $5. 25 0 ------New domestic ______------____ ------11. 50 13 I. 49 12.10 20 2. 42 13.45 53 $7.13 Stripper ______13.00 12 I. 56 13. 10 12 I. 57 13. 50 12 1. 62 Foreign _____ ----- ______------_ 13. 50 35 4. 73 13. 50 35 4. 73 13. 50 35 4. 73

Average price ______-==-=--=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=--====9=.=88=_ -=-=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=-=- -=-=--=-=--=-=--====10=.=45=_ -=-=- -=-=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=--=-=-=--=-=--====1=3.=48 Cumulative increase per barrel!------($0. 20)------$0. 37 ------$3. 40 Cumulative increase per gallon!------(0.5¢)------0. 9¢ ------~-- 8.1¢

TABLE 2B.-RISING FOREIGN PRICE AND MARKET SHARE

Old domestic ______------_____ ------$5. 25 40 $2.10 $5. 25 31 $1. 63 $5. 25 0 New domestic ______------11. 50 13 I. 49 12. 10 18 2.18 13. 45 45 ------$6: ii5 Stripper ______------13. 00 12 I. 56 14. 60 11 1. 61 16. 50 10 1. 65 Foreign ______13. 50 35 4. 73 15. 00 40 6.00 16. 50 45 7. 43 Average price ______------______------_------9. 88 ------______------___ 11. 42 ______15. 13 ======Cumulative increase per barrel!------($0. 20)------$1. 34 ------$5. 05 Cumulative increase per gallon!------·------(0. 5¢)______3. 2¢ ------12. 0¢

1 From current price of $10.08 as calculated in table 1. As can be seen in Table 2A, the average both the share of foreign crude and its price old crude prices would next year transfer price of crude under the program would rise rising through 1978, the average price of about $35 blllion per annum a.way from con­ by less than a penny per gallon through crude will rise much more than shown in sumers to energy producers, the federal gov­ September 1976. The bulk of the increas~ Table 2A. ernment and the OPEC nations. 7¢ per gallon-would be postponed until Finally, it should be noted that when all The jolt to the economy would be severe, after 1976, but presumably by that time a. controls are abandoned in early 1979, the sharply reducing the discretionary income of resurging economy would be better able to average price of oil will rise abruptly to the consumers and raising the rate of inflation. withstand the resulting drain of higher en­ world price plus the $2.00 tariff. Given the To counteract the negative impact of sudden ergy prices on consumer purchasing power. assumptions of the previous para.graph, the decontrol, the President could unila.tera.11y If the economy, however, were to remain price would rise to $16.50 per barrel, meaning repeal the $2.00 per barrel tariff, which sluggish through 1977 and 1978, the govern­ that the crude price would climb by $6.40 would limit the net increase in petroleum ment could offer a tax rebate to offset the within the next 3 years, or 15¢ per gallon. prices to 2¢ or 3¢ per gallon. To offset the detrimental impact of rising energy prices. Of course, the prices of alternative fuels depressive impact of an OPEC price rise, the Foreign Oil Changes would rise proportionately. Whether it will President could request from Congress a be possible for the Administration to coun­ temporary reduction in federal taxes. It should be emphasized that Table 2A teract the income-reducing effects of such One alternative to abrupt decontrol would measures no changes except the rise in price rising energy costs depends heavily on the be phased decontrol as proposed by President that would result directly from President state of the economy during the late 1970's. Ford's phased decontrol program. It makes Ford. His proposal allows for an orderly re­ no attempt to realistically forecast crude Thus, although the Ford Program would introduction of free-market forces with a prices. by itself be responsible for only an 8¢ per minimum effect on energy prices during the gallon rise in price through 1978, the actual early crucial months of economic recovery. In reality crude prices will climb much increase may be closer to 12¢ per gallon. This more than shown in Table 2A, which has as­ Under his program the earnings of energy 1s true because the market share and price producers would eventually rise, providing sumed both a constant price of foreign crude of foreign crude ls expooted to rise during and a constant foreign share of the U.S. mar­ the industry with much needed additional the next few yeairs, dragging up the average capital to reinvest in the energy industry. ket. Both assumptions are probably wrong. petroleum price. In all likelihood the delivered price of for­ At the same time the higher prices, reflect­ eign crude, and therefore also the stripper SUMMARY ing the reality of higher coots, would limit price, will rise in the next few years. More­ If the President and Congress fail to reach the growth of energy consumption. Ulti­ over, Bankers Trust Company expects that a compromise on price decontrol, old oil mately as reliance on foreign crude is di­ the foreign market share will climb as the prices will be abruptly decontrolled on Au­ minished, the economic and military security United State:; energy demand becomes in­ gust 31. Coupled with a mocleraite rise in the of this country would be strengthened be­ creasingly dependent on foreign crude. With foreign price of oil, the sudden decontrol o·f cause of the Ford decontrol program. 27~68 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 FOOD STAMPS-HALF OF USDA Americans at a four-year cost 9f about $260 p.'l.l'tment of Agriculture's budget to the De­ BUDGET mlllion. But this progriam was dropped dur­ partment of Health, Education and Welfare's ing World War II, and it was not until 1961 budget. that a new "experriinental" pr~m was au­ We a.re opposed to the use of federal funds HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL thorized. for the production of radio and television By 1964, about 350,000 people in 22 states spots designed to increase the number of OF ILLINOIS were receiving food stamps underr the ex­ food stamp recipients. Furthermore, fam­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES perimental program. In thait year Congress ilies of workers on strike should be ineligible Wednesday, September 3, 1975 authorized. a permanent program and appro­ to receive food stamps in order to avoid priated $35 mllllon to fund it. placing the government on one side of a Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, the July/ The appropriation had risen to $610 mil­ labor dispute. August issue of the American Fanner lion by 1970. Todiay the annual cost is close oontains some particularly illuminating to $5 b1llion. comments concerning this Nation's food At the present time anyone 1s enititled to some food stamps if his after-tax income is PREVENTIVE MEDICINE stamp program, again underscoring first, less than a certain amount ($513 a month how it is that middle-income Americans for a family of four) and his rresou.rces (cash, find themselves in the position of being bank account, bonds, and other assets) are HON. GEORGE MILLER eligible for food stamps and second, the less than $1500. The value of a recipient's fact that the farm community-often house, car, liife ins\ll'lance policies, and in­ OF CALIFORNIA cited as a presumed beneficiary of food come-producing real estate are not counted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stamp use-is as disturbed as anyone as a part of his "resources." Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Today up to 16 m1111on Americans receive about the abuses in this program. The food stamps. Mil11ons of others are eligible Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speak­ problems that the article highlights are to do so. er, I would like to call attention to an covered, point by point, in the National Most of the food stamp recipients pay for important issue in connection with our Food Stamp Reform Act which I intro.;. their stamps with cash. discussions of health care delivery and duced on June 23 and which now has A four-member family gets food stamps which will buy $154 wo:rth of food each our need of effective utilization of avail­ over 95 cosponsors in the House and able resources. Puring the last two Senate. Early congressional attention month. If the family income ls only $50 to $60 per month, the $154 worth of food stamps decades taxpayer-supported research in and action on this bill can result in cor­ would cost $10. If the family income were the basic sciences as well as in clinical recting many of the problems described over $450, the same food stamps would cost investigation has made considerable in this article by Donald T. Donnell: $130. strides in the various branches of medi­ OUR FAST GROWING FOOD STAMP PROGRAM The food stamp program is administered cine with resultant significant sophisti­ by the United States Department of Agri­ This month I'd like you to meet ~thur. cation of patient care. Or perhaps you know him already. He's a bit culture, and its cost represents nearly half We have for too long avoided facing older than I am, but he's in excellent heal.th. of the total USDA budget this year. He runs a. smaN fiarm, rra.ises some vegetables Proposals to shift the food stamp program the issue of developing an adequate for the fresh m~ket, and grows the best from USDA to the Department of Health, health care delivery system for the Amer­ raspberries you ever ate. He and his wife Education and Welfare have the support of ican people. We must improve our sys­ have a comfortable home, a 1969 Chevrolet, Farm Bureau and many other groups .. Sev­ tems of delivering health care and in­ and a f1ai:rly new color television set. They eral bills to make this shift have been intro­ sure that medical care is available set a good table (Grace makes the best corn duced in the 94th Congress. throughout the Nation, but we must not muffins in the county), and they wear good Many other changes in the program have forget the extraordinary significance of clothes to church on Sunday. Their children been suggested, but Congress has shown lit­ tle interest in them in the past. preventive medicine. There is a signifi­ are all grown now and have lefit home; one cant need for educating the public in of them is ia dentist somewhere out West. Most controversial has been the effort to Arthur and Grace neverr made much make families of striking workers ineligible certain important problems of disease money, but thrat doesn't bother them. They for food stamps. The House of Representa­ prevention. have their little farm and SOillle life insur­ tives has tWice voted to do this on the The medical service of the Martinez ance, and they'll get by, as ~thur says, grounds that providing strikers with food Veterans' Administration Hospital, at "with the Good Lord's help." stamps places the federal government on one Martinez, Calif., in my district, has initi­ Arthur's rather proud that nobody in his side in a labor dispute. However, a coalition ated an extremely valuable and unique family ever was "on welfare." And so I hope of urban and farm-state lawmakers has suc­ he doesn't see this report, because some cessfully fought to keep strikers eligible for program of public education on certain peopil.e think he needs help. the program as part of a "deal" to secure key areas of preventive medicine. The fa.ct of the matter is thwt Arthur and urban support for government farm program This program has been initiated by a his Wife are probably eligible for the federal legislation. most prestigious constituent of mine, Dr. food stamp program. AnothP.r controversy involves the eligib11ity Michael Geokas, Professor of Medicine Last year was not a v·ery good one for Ar­ of college students, many of whom now at U.C.-Davis School of Medicine and thur (too wet in the spring; too dry later qualify for food stamps on the basis of "low Chief of Medicine at the Martinez VA on). He and Grrace ended up with only income." Hospital. I am most pleased, as well, to $2147.68 in net income. A complete Congressional review of the ' They don't own any stocks and have only food stamp program may come later this serve as the honorary chairman of the a few hundred dollars in government savings year. The House Agriculture Committee ex­ program and as its keynote speaker. · bonds plus $117 in their checking account. pects to hold broad hearings on the issue. The program consists of a series of Of course they have the Ohev.rolet and the The White House is reportedly preparing a evening lectures followed by panel dis­ tr:actor and the little farm, but they're al­ study. And there is discussion that Congress cussions, open to the public and given by lowed to own these and still get food stamps. may decide to revise the food stamp program medical experts at the Veterans' Hospital I wonder what Arthurr would say if some­ as part of a proposed new National Food and and the University of California, Davis one from the county court house came out to Fiber Act of 1975. School of Medicine. The following areas sign him and Grace up for food stamps. When Congress gets around to reviewing How ts it that middle-class Americans who the program, my friend Arthur might have of enormous public health interest are aren't eligible for welfare can be eligible for some sound recommendations. Perhaps you included: alcoholism, high blood pres­ food stamps? Let's take a look at the present will too. sure, coronary artery disease, the rela­ prrogram and its operation and development tionship of diet to health. the early de­ in an effort to find the answer. FOOD STAMPS tection of cancer, new information on The program is designed to reduce the cost What Farm Bureau Delegates Said: We various types of arthritis, the hazards of food for low income persons. Eligl:ble per­ support the food stamp program as a means of smoking, and the significance of obe­ SO'lls are permitted to buy a monthly allot­ of assisting those truly in need. Only domes­ sity in our affluent society. The main ment of food stamps for amounts which vary tic food should be used for this program. goal of this program is the direct and with their income and the number of persons We urge that emphasis be placed on nutri­ in their houi>ehold. Household resources are tion, that procedures for stamp distribution vigorous dissemination of what I con­ taken into account in determining eligibil­ be improved, and that eligibility require­ sider invaluable information to the cit­ ity. Many recipients of food stamps receive ments be such that only the deserving may izens of my district concerning the latest other welfare progvam benefits. participate. scientific knowledge, provided in a sim­ From 1939 to 1943 an experrimental federal Vie recommend that funds for the food plified, lucid and convincing manner by food stamp program assisted 11 million stamp program be transferred from the De- hig·hly qualified physicians of the Veter- September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27469 ans' Administration and the U.C.-Davis have been, or are being, helped by SCORE Chapter No. 107 organization School of Medicine. SCORE volunteers. directed by Chairman William B. Fis~ I wish to emphasize that this program I especially wish to recognize the choff, has expanded its staff of consult­ is offered purely as a community service dedicated SCORE volunteers who are ants by nearly 300 percent in the past 15 with no cost to the taxpayer, to the Vet­ providing an invaluable service in my months and accepted a 900-percent in­ erans' Administration or to the Univer­ own district and neighboring districts. crease in small business clients in ap­ sity of California. Our Cincinnati SCORE Chapter No. 34, proximately the same period of time. This is a volunteer program emanat­ was recently awarded "Regional SCORE Mr. Speaker, small businesses are ing from the desire of the medical f ac­ Chapter of the Year" recognition, by plagued by many perplexing problems. ulty at Martinez, to disseminate useful, SBA's Region 5, which includes the It is comforting that there are organiza­ up-to-date scientific information to citi­ States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michi­ tions like SCORE engaged in helping zens in the surrounding community, vet­ gan, lliinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The small businesses help themselves. erans and nonveterans alike. honor was a special tribute to the excep­ I believe that such a project reflects tional service rendered by Cincinnati very favorably on the Veterans' Admin­ SCORE volunteers in the course of pro­ istration, an institution supported by the viding direct guidance to hundreds of THE PERILS OF POWER taxpayers as: First, a health delivery sys­ small business operators, including tem for our veterans; second, as a basic workshops, seminars, and top quality professional counseling. HON. DEL CLAWSON and clinical research setting for the ad­ OF CALIFORNIA vancement of medical knowledge. Pre­ The roster of our local SCORE organi­ ventive medicine should constitute a sub­ zation includes 44 men. They are special­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stantial goal of any well-organized and ists who have demonstrated, throughout Wednesday, September 3, 1975 their careers, an exceptional capacity to sophisticated health delivery system. Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker a With the emergence of medicine as an get things done. They are widely column by Mr. James J. Kilpatrlck art and a science, modern society has be­ recognized for skills in developing and managing successful business enter­ which appeared in the Washington Star come more sophisticated in its awareness of August 16 examines the deterioration of appraisal of medical services. prises. To their credit, theirs is an active retirement. As a matter of fact, many of of the constitutional power equilibrium Scientific achievement through basic a trend which many in the Congress hav~ and clinical investigation means little un­ them work harder as counselors than they did in the past. They inspire har­ deplored during a succession of admin­ less it can be translated in the preven­ istrations but have felt relatively power­ tion and better cure of disease. The Vet­ assed small business operators to renew their struggle for success by showing less to reverse. Mr. Kilpatrick suggests erans' Administration represents the a look at the Federal Register to "per­ largest hospital system in the western them, step by step, how to achieve. What do these remarkable specialists ceive where power lies." In calling the world and includes 171 hospitals. One attention of my colleagues to Mr. Kil­ hundred and eleven VA hospitals are expect to receive in return for their con­ tributions? No financial remuneration patrick's excellent column I would also affiliated with 91 medical schools and ~ke ~ call. attention to H.R. 8231, leg­ thus include highly qualified physicians at all. They simply enjoy the satisfac­ tion that their SCORE counseling is isla~i<;>n bemg reintroduced today with in the various branches of medicine, rep­ producing rewarding results on behalf additional cosponsors. We intend to pro­ resenting an extremely valuable resource of their clients. vide a mechanism for the restoration of for the dissemination of useful informa­ We, in the Cincinnati area, are proud the ~alance of constitutional power and, tion to the public, especially in certain that we are blessed with men of spirit and particularly, the law-writing power in crucial areas of preventive medicine. An exceptional talent, and an unquenchable effect usurped by the Executive bureauc­ expansion of such programs will sub­ determination to help their struggling racy. stantially improve the image of the Vet­ small business counterparts succeed. Mr. Kilpatrick's column follows: erans' Administration and of the affili­ Who are these remarkable specialists THE PERILS OF POWER ated medical schools among veterans and (By James J. Kilpatrick) nonveterans alike. who are heroes to the hundreds of entre­ This fine initiative of the medical staff preneurs they have helped to revive sur­ The American Bar Association, meeting in vive and succeed? I do not propo~e to Montreal, heard three heavyweights the other at the Martinez VA Hospital to under­ day on the issue of presidential power. The take such a program devoted to enlight­ name them all. But on behalf of the entire organization, I single out their three distinguished scholars came up with a enment of the public is in my view highlY chairman, Paul R. Stewart, wllo, last conclusion that even these lightweights commendable and I would suggest that could have reached: Time and events have year, was identified as SBA/SCORE/ contrived, willy-nilly, to confer great powers other Members of Congress should en­ Action, Region 5, as "Regional SCORE courage the development of similar pro­ upon our presidents; and willy-nilly, presi· Man of the Year." Their incoming chair­ den ts will use them. grams in the VA hospitals of their man is Edgar Sturr. We should ac.ld that Professor Arthur Schlesinger, who helped district. their roster of impressive members in­ to foster the imperial presidency, once more cludes men who have, in the past expressed dismay at his offspring. Professor achieved widespread acclaim for thei; James MacGregor Burns, whose faith in the business successes. Men like John Frank party system remains touchingly strong, once VIEW WITH ALARM more advocated a strengthening of the party Mel Kassel, Leonard Black, Harry Free~ system. Professor Raoul Berger, who contrib­ mond, Carl Junker, Tom Clifton and 38 uted so much to the aborted impeachment HON. WILLIS D. GRADISON, JR. others. of Mr. Nixon, turned around on the theme OF OHIO Cooperating, encouraging and sup­ of a president's war-making powers, which porting our Queen City's SCORE Pro­ he found insufficiently restrained. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram is Cincinnati's SBA Branch Man­ The topic is as old as the Constitution it­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 self, but it is not a topic that should be ager, Cecil Boatright and the Branch's reserved for intellectual disputation. All of Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, it is a Management Assistance Officer, Frank us can get in this act. popular pastime today to "view with Greene. The Cincinnati SBA Branch also Does the executive have too much power? alarm" the activities of both Government provides office facilities fol' the SCORE Yes. Is the excess of power likely to be sur­ and private enterprise. I call your atten­ organization in the Federal Building. rendered voluntarily? No. Is the presidential tion to a volunteer enterprise that we Before I conclude my tribute to our power likely to increase? Yes. Will Congress all should "view with pride,'' one which citizens in helping to make SCORE an do anything about it? No. Will the judiciary institution for which we all are indebted restrain the presidency? Only in the most involves close cooperation between Gov­ extraordinary instances. What, then, should ernment and private enterprise. I refer I also wish to salute the Dayton, Ohio: be done? The answer is to elect presidents to the Service Corps of Retired Execu­ SCORE organization. The organization with some sense of self-restraint, and to hope tives-SCORE-sponsored by the Small operates out of the Ohio Third District, for the best. Business Administration. I am confident so ably r~presented by my colleague, Rep­ If that ls a pessimistic catechism. so be it. that many of us have constituents who resentative Charles Whalen. The Dayton Under the original plan of our federated 27470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 union, the states were to provide a massive which is intended to reconcile the good an artifact of the recession, and wm go away bulwark against the excesses of national intentions of May with the fiscal realities with recovery. But it turns out, Treasury power. But the states today are not even Secretary Simon notes, "To the contrary, we paper barricades. Under the theory of separa­ of our actual appropriations measures, face the disappointing prospects of large def­ tion of powers, the three branches of govern­ will now be delayed until at least late icits-of magnitudes that would have been ment were conceived as related planets, each October. Of even greater impcrtance considered unbelievable just a few years confined to its own orbit; but the theory no than our inability to discipline ourselves ago-for at least several more years." longer commands respect. Inevitably, as na­ to meet a deadline, however, is our pro­ Specifically, if Congress adopted all of the tional problems have demanded national at­ jected inability to discipline ourselves to President's proposals and then took a two­ tack, political power has surged to Washing­ stay within our first target budget. We year vacation, the deficit in fiscal 1977 would ton; and inevitably, within Washington, the have shown ourselves unwilling or un­ be $34 billion (on the basis of revenue pro­ exercise of that power has gone to the presi­ jections assuming real economic growth of dent and to the executive agencies. able accurately to forecast our own 6.5% a year). But of course, Congress will Man and boy, I have spent most of my spending measures for 1 year, yet the not do any such thing. life hearing talk of "restoring the balance effect of many of those measures will be If Congress extends the one-year personal of power," and it is all talk. Now and then felt for years to come. Just as $200 bil­ tax cut, it will increase the deficit by an­ Congress stirs its flabby bulk and exercises lion of our targeted $367 billion budget other $13 b11lion. If it refuses the presiden­ some forgotten muscle; but it is only now had been committed by previous legisla­ tial money-saving ideas, like a 6 % cap on and then. The more familiar pattern is for tures, our actions will add "uncontrolla­ federal pay increases, add another $8 billion. Congress not to assert its powers, but to ab­ Make allowances for the spending proposals dicate them. Read any day's Federal Regii;;ter, bles" to future budgets. now under active consideration in Congress, and perceive where power lies. An excellent editorial in the August 25 and according to Office of Management and All this was foreseen. If I were dean of a Wall Street Journal discussed this prob­ Budget estimates, you come up with a con­ college, and could fix required courses, I lem: "If Congress adopted all of the gressional effect of about $46 bUlion, and a would require that every student spend a President's spending proposals and then total deficit of $80 b1llion. semester studying the Virginia Convention took a 2-year vacation, the deficit in Because of the change in the dates of the of 1788. This was the greatest recorded fiscal 1977 would be $34 billion. Make al­ fiscal year, fiscal 1977 does not even start gathering of political minds in the history until October of 1976. To get some notion of this republic. The questions of power that lowances for the spending propcsals now of the economic impact of an $80 billion def­ absorbed the scholars at Montreal were the under active consideration in Congress, icit then, all you have to do is look briefly identical questions that absorbed the dele­ and according to Office of Management at what a similar deficit is doing right now, gates at Richmond. and Budget estimates, you come up with in the trough of a recession. Already the Listen to Patrick Henry: "If your Ameri­ a congressional effect of about $46 bil­ federal borrowing necessary to finance the can chief be a man of ambition and abilities, lion, and a total deficit of $80 billion." deficits is sending interest rates up, im­ how easy is it for him to render himself This assumes the impossible-that no periling mortgage institutions and putting absolute! The army is in his hands . . . new spending programs will be passed the Federal Reserve under tremendous pres­ There is to be a great and mighty president, sure to unleash inflationary rates of mone­ with very extensive powers-the powers of next year. When the Congress begins to tary growth. a king! He is to be supported in extravagant consider its budget resolutions for fiscal We can be deeply thankful that it is not magnificence . . . wm not the influence of year 1977, it will face a list of "uncontrol­ worse, as it would have been had Congress the president himself have great weight in lables" passed on from this and preceding run the deficit up to more than $100 bil­ his re-election? The variety of the offices at Congresses which totals an $80 billion lion. With timely warnings of this prospect his disposal will acquire him the favor and deficit, to which they must add their own by Secretary Simon and others, Congress set attachment of those who aspire after spending initiatives. With the recession its target deficit at $69 blllion. Congress will them ..." predicted to be ending and the economy almost certainly exceed this, but the work of The underlying theme of that convention the budget committee and the presidential was power. Henry insisted that power be improving, this would clearly be catas­ vetos may have averted total chaos. The sparingly delegated and rigorously re­ trophic in terms of both inflation gen­ economy is right now telling us that the strained: "If you give too little power today, erated and investment capital consumed. deficit it is feeling is at the brink of its tol­ you may give more tomorrow. But the re­ The new budget procedures are an ad­ erance. verse of that proposition will not hold. If mirable attempt to bring some planning By October of 1976, the recovery presum­ you give too much power today, you cannot and fiscal sanity into our chaotic budg­ ably wm be wen under way. Business loan retake it tomorrow, for tomorrow will never etary processes. But until we are forced demand would normally be brisk, leaving lit­ come for that purpose." tle slack in the credit markets for a huge Henry's prophecies are as timely as Schles­ to consider not just 1 year, but the deficit. It is hard to imagine that even the inger's speeches. Under Gerald Ford, the su­ long-term effects of our actions here in most wild-eyed expansionist would prescribe perficial trappings of an "imperial" presi­ Congress, they will not be success!ul. an $80 billion deficit for the economic con­ dency thankfully have disappeared-the I commend this article to the con­ ditions that now seem likely in fiscal 1977. trumpets, the footmen, the "Hall to the sideration of my colleagues: And while real growth faster than 6.5 % Chief"-but the substance remains. The REVIEW & OUTLOOK would reduce the deficit, it would also re­ power remains. And the more the people ask duce the slack in both the financial markets of Congress, in the way of social and eco­ READY FOR '77? and the real economy. Unless Congress can nomic legislation, the more that power must The "dry run. ' of the new congressional somehow slow the spending it is already expand. The best way to avoid the ultimate budget procedures this year has been an al· together healthy exercise. At worst, it gen­ committing itself to for fiscal 19>77, the econ­ authoritarianism is not to restrain presi­ omy faces the prospect of huge inflation. dents, but to restrain ourselves. erated figures to embarrass Congress' big spenders, and at best it may have provided There were scoffers when the administra­ the crucial difference between a trouble.some tion started to make five-year economic pre­ dictions, but looking ahead to fiscal 1977, budget deficit and a catastroplc one. one can see that such projections are the CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET REFORM It should already be clear, however, that heart of fiscal wisdom. The spending engine if Congress is ever to get a meaningful hold is never going to be brought under control on its spending, it will have to start look­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ing more than one year ahead. The budget unless Congress starts to do the same thing. OF ILLIN( IIS scorekeeping report shows that of the $367

1 billion Congress targeted for fl.seal 197fl I1' THE HOUSE OF REl 'RESENTATIVES spending, some $200 billion had already been THE JACK ANDERSON SPY Wednesday, September 3, 1975 committed by legislation enacted in prior NETWORK years. Yet there is no detailed analysis of Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the new what this year's legislation is going to de. budget procedures which we are testing to next year's budget--a type of analysis that HON. LARRY McDONALD for the first time this year, are already clearly should be a priority item as the Budg­ OF GEORGIA falling far short of expectations for fiscal et Office procedures are refined. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES planning. Although the start of the fiscal Anyone who doubts this necessity ought Wednesday, September 3, 1975 year has been moved to October to ac­ to consider the budget for fiscal 1977, now commodate the slow passage of congres­ starting to be shaped in bureaucratic inner Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. sional appropriations bills, it appears we sanctums. The widespread assumption, even Speaker, when an unfriendly foreign are still going to be unable to make our among some commentators of conservative government undertakes an intelllgence cieadline. The second budget resolution, cast, is that the current deficits are chiefly operation against the United States, it September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27471 starts by infiltrating Government agen­ that the Lanzas and the Riganos vir·· in that fiscal period. This has not been true cies where classified documents are tually built almost all of this cluster of in recent years. If our way of Government is maintained. We know from the history to be maintained in the future, we must keep communities on the Long Island Sound its expenditures within its means. We have of the Soviet spy rings that men like Shore. had too many unbalanced budgets in recent Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White, Frank Since then, members of the family, years. This has led to inflation and an in­ Coe, and others penetrated sensitive which now numbers over 300, have gone creasing cost of living for every citizen in Government departments in order to into many other fields, some becoming our great country. provide information that their Soviet teachers, others becoming accountants, Mr. Simon, this is just a brief outline ot masters needed. others becoming engineers or working in my philosophy and I hope is, in a simple way, Jack Anderson operates much in the banks, in real estate or insurance. Many a statement along the lines that you think may be helpful to your Dialogue. same way. He doesn't send secret docu­ members of the family are leaders in Sincerely yours, ments to the Russians, Chinese or other civic, church, and athletic organizations, LEVERETr SALTONSTALL. enemy governments, he simply publishes as well as in politics-almost every phase them in the newspapers so that our of the life of the community. country's adversaries have access to It is to pay my respect to these two them. outstanding families that I will attend ALLEGED GRANT AWARDS MADE BY Anderson operates like a spy ring. On their family reunion this Saturday and THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDA­ June 27, 1972, in a speech made to the that I call this wonderful occasion to TION Congressional Black Caucus, Anderson the attention of all of my colleagues here boasted: in the Congress of the United States. At the Secret Service, another Government HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE agency which I have managed to inftltrate OF TEXAS within the past few months, dossiers are also LEVERETr SALTONSTALL CONTRIB­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kept on prominent Americans, including a number of Black leaders. UTES TO DIALOG Wednesday, September 3, 197 5 Who else but a spy ring desires to "in­ Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, in recent filtrate" a Government agency? Jack An­ HON. PAUL SIMON months Congress and the public have derson has gone far beyond the concept OF ILLINOIS heard a good deal about alleged grant of disgruntled Government employees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES awards made by the National Science Foundation for "kooky" projects. A little stealing documents for him. He now Wednesday, September 3, 1975 boasts that he undertakes the infiltration extra inquiry, 9 times out of 10, has of Federal agencies. No one has a right Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, in our con­ shown that these awards had a genuine tinuing dialog, in which I have urged scientific potential and also that most of to do that, not even Jack Anderson. fellow citizens to express their feelings them were made by agencies other than about the future course of this Nation, NSF. we have received responses from a great In any case, we normally hear very many. One of the most distinguished is little about the many highly utilitarian LANZA-RIGANO FAMILIES REUNION the former U.S. Senator from Massachu­ results which come from basic research IN WESTCHESTER setts, Leverett Saltonstall. He served the funded by NSF. I would like oo call Mem­ Nation with great credit, and I am bers' attention to the following release HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER pleased to present to my colleagues and of August 28 which describes some very to readers of the RECORD, his comments important findings made by a University OF NEW YORK and reflections: of Nebraska research team under an NSF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BOSTON, MASS., July 1, 1975. grant: Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Hon. PAUL SIMON, DISTILLERY GRAIN RESIDUES CAN BE SoURCE OF Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am House of Representatives, HIGHER FOOD VALUES IN BREAD very proud to have been invited to attend Washington, D.C. Protein concentrates for the fortification MY DEAR CONGRESSMAN: As one who re­ of bread and other foods can be obtained a very special occasion in my district on signed from the U.S. Senate seven years ago, from wheat and corn which have been used Saturday, September 6. It is the 11th my reactions today come from an experi­ in alcohol distilleries, according to a research annual family reunion of two of the most ence in local, state and national politics and team at the University of Nebraska at Lin­ outstanding and important families in the reaction of retirement of seven years. coln. the County of Westchester-the Lanza The respective responsibilities of Congress While providing a means of nutritional 8,nd Rigano families-who have con­ aT,i.d the executive are vitally important. improvement, the production of such con­ tributed greatly to the development ana. Under the Constitution they are equal. Con­ centrates could yield a worthwhile financial gress authorizes and provides, and the execu­ return serving as an incentive to needed ad­ spirit of our Westchester community. tive carries out the laws that are enacted. ditional production of industrial alcohol, the About three quarters of a century ago, Under the heavy load of problems that our researchers believe. The grains are left over two brothers named Lanza left their nation faces today on a national scale and on from the normal distilling process. native Santa Teresa Riva in Messina, an international basis, the burdens of the The protein concentrates can also be used Sicily, to seek work in the United States. executive have grown heavier and heavier. as extenders and emulsifiers in processing of They were in time for a great building At times they seem to be almost overbearing, some meat products such as sausages, the boom which was to providP. an oppor­ but it is clear in my mind that the execu­ researchers report. tive must take the lead in carrying out our In addition, what is left over after nutri­ tunity for their skills and energies, as international relations not only for our se­ ents for humans have been extracted can b6 well as those of their children, nephews, curity, but also for the peace in the world. used in making animal feeds, the researchers and cousins for many decades to come. The executive must perform such necessary say, although the protein content would be The two brothers, Antonio and Car­ domestic activities as are established by somewhat lower than if the materials were melo, who were stonecutters, married Congress. made directly into animal feeds. two sisters, Carmel and Vera Rigano. A The difficulty at the present time, as I see The University of Nebraska project, funded third sister, Antonetta, and her husband, it, is that we are tending to become more and by the National Science Foundation program Vincenzo Rigano, came from Sicily along more a Government of bureaus and commis­ of Research Applied to National Needs sions with duties so spread out that they {RANN), has now been broadened to find with other members of the two families conflict and are impossible for the President, out how to formulate blends of proteins somewhat later, after many of the men as the Chief Executive, to lead. Our strength, from grains, beans and other sources which in the family became established in the in my humble judgment, has always lay in will have the best combination of nutrients. building and construction trades. keeping Government close to home. The Se­ The broadened research will also seek meth­ They were stonemasons, plumbers, car­ lectmen know what the people in their lo­ ods whereby the food industry can determine penters, electricians, and plasterers. cality want and need. The state, in a broader the nutritional value of protein blends for Many became contractors running their sense, should provide the necessities that the various uses more economically, by using state needs. a predictive mathematical model rather than own businesses. Together, they built In order to keep the Government and our time-consuming and expensive rat-feeding countless schools, residences, and public Nation functioning as it should function, programs. buildings in Mamaroneck, Larchmont, Congress should act on appropriation bills on The principal investigator for the project and Rye. In fact, it is generally accepted time so as to take care of our Nation's needs is Dr. James G. Kendrick, professor of agrl- 27472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 cultural economics. He 1s assisted by an Born in New York City and educated Penguin Books is not a Communist interdisciplinary team of professors of in­ in Ireland, De Valera displayed a deep publishing house: It is one of the most dustrial engineering, chemistry, and food concern for Ireland and its people. Dur­ respected publishers in England. But in science and technology. The food processing ing his life, which can only be described England, as in the United States, re­ industry has been actively interested. The research effort has addressed itself as full and diverse, he served his people spectable publishing houses print Com­ not only to the nutritive benefits which in many ways. As an educator, freedom munist propaganda tracts and present might be obtained, but the "functional prop­ fighter, government official and states­ them as nonfiction books. It is about time erties" of resulting food products, such as man, his actions were always grounded that someone, someplace, has had the taste, texture, digestibllity and acceptab1lity in his love and respect for the Irish peo­ courage to stand up, answer the Commu­ of appearance on a retail shelf and a family ple, a love and respect that was clearly nist lies, and force a non-Communist table. reciprocal. publisher to retract one of the Commu­ For example, the introduction of protein concentrates into the recipe for a loaf of Eamon De Valera was truly a founder nist propaganda lies it has printed. bread affects the size and density of the of the Irish Republic. He was one of the loaf. Because the concentrate is less flexible, most valiant leaders of the Irish freedom higher amounts result in somewhat smaller, forces that brought their nation into ex­ denser loaves, so that what would be the istence. In the Government of the Re­ COMMENTS BY RICHARD ROUDE­ usual loaf of spongy white bread might have public of Ireland, he served in numerous BUSH AT AMVET'S CONVENTION more of the size and consistency of a whole positions. As a member of Parliament, wheat loaf. Research seeks the best balance he served as opposition leader and as between protein reinforcement and consumer Taoiseach, the Prime Minister. In his acceptability. HON. NEAL SMITH The first phase of the research project, later years, he served as President of the OF IOWA Republic so De Valera had the distinction begun in the spring of 1974, sought to find IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES additional ways of meeting a prospective of serving as both chief executive and world-wide increase in demand for proteins head of state of Ireland. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 for humans, and a shortened supply of in­ The world has lost a great leader and Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, a dustrial alcohols attributable to tight sup­ a great man in the death of Eamon De free and open exchange of ideas and sug­ plies of petroleum. The research examined Valera. I would like to express my sincere the feasibility of simultaneously producing gestions between the agencies of govern­ alcohol and high ·quality protein from condolences to the Irish people on their ment and the people they are set up to grains. loss. serve, is essential to good and enlightened A report on that research issued in July, government. 1975 concluded that such production is This principle was highlighted by the feasible from an engineering and economic KGB STOOGE CAUGHT LYING standpoint, and that acceptable fortified Honorable Richard L. Roudebush, Ad­ foods-bread, snacks, and cookies were ministrator of the Veterans' Administra­ studied-could result. tion in a speech he delivered August 16, HON. LARRY McDONALD 1975, in Des Moines, Iowa, before the This research took wheat and corn used. OF GEORGIA in alcohol distilleries and put them through annual convention of the AMVETS or­ laboratory processes to obtain what were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ganization, in which he pointed out that called distillers' protein concentrates-DPC's. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 the success of all veterans programs de­ The concentrates were then put into bread pends in large measure on the input of and the resulting loaf was analyzed for its Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. content of selected. amino acids, providing Speaker, Philip Agee is a former em­ ideas and suggestions from such groups a "profile" of nutritive values. The corn and ployee of the Central Intelligence as the AMVETS. Mr. Speaker, I insert wheat concentrates were then tested for their Agency. Agee now spends his time col­ those remarks in the RECORD. economic competitiveness as fortifying in­ laborating with the Soviet KGB and the SPEECH DELIVERED BY HON. RICHARD L. ROUDE• gredients with proteins from established BUSH TO THE AMVETS NATIONAL CONVEN­ sources such as soybeans, cottonseed, bran, Cuban spy network, the DOI, in their attacks on the Central Intelligence TION pinto beans, and peanuts. It is good to attend a convention of this The research also established that concen­ Agency. Last year, Agee achieved noto­ great organization once again and I ap­ trates from any one source were relatively riety with his book, "Inside the Com­ preciate your thoughtfulness in allowing me high in some amino acids and relatively low pany: CIA Diary" in which he specifically a place on this program. in others. This led to the concept of blends credited the Cuban Communist Party It is pleasant to see so many old friends in which a weakness in one source would be and one of the Cubans' U.S.-based intel­ and it is most satisfying to see that they a.re covered by a strength in another source and ligence gathering networks with provid­ doing so well, are having a good time and are for any particular use, provide the best pro­ carrying out the works of AMVETS so file of nutritive values. The broadened re­ ing him with vital material and support. Agee's book, originally published in Eng­ energetically and expertly. search program begun June 1, 1975, and You provide evidence that the things we planned for 15 months, has the objective land by Penguin Books, has been re­ stand for as members are being promoted of combining protein concentrates to obtain printed in the United States and Canada. diligently and faithfully. You give me new high quality blends. Since part of the Soviet propaganda reason for pride in my life membership in It will also seek to develop analytical line is that any trade union not con­ AMVETS. methods to predict the nutritional value o:f trolled by Communists must therefore This convention is first of five national the blends at less expense than the rat feed~ veterans conventions I will appear at within ing tests now used for establishing food be controlled by the CIA, Agee listed in his book a number of trade union or­ the next two weeks. It is a schedule that will quality, and to predict the characteristics keep me on the move but I know that I will of the blends to make the fortified food ganizations he accused of being CIA con­ enjoy each visit. edible. The mathematical computations will trolled. One of those organizations did More importantly, I know that I will learn be tested against the results of 25 rat feeding not take Agee's phony charge lying down. from attending these convention activities. trials with 25 protein blends. The British-led, Geneva-based Inter­ I will gain new understanding of the feelings The rat-feeding method presently accepted national Federation of Plantation, Ag­ and attitudes of the members of these or­ is said to require 31 days and cost between ricultural and Allied Workers brought ganizations, find out what they think are the $450 and $500 per blend, a deterrent to utili­ most important needs of veterans and de­ zation of fortifying blends by the food suit in the British courts against Agee and Penguin Books and Tom Sansby pendents today and learn how they would industry. change programs and policies of VA. Bavin, general secretary of the Federa­ I look forward to each stop along the way tion, denied the Agee-KGB allegations. because I place great value on what advice TRIBUTE TO EAMON DE VALERA On July 22, 1975, the London Times re-. you and other veterans' groups can give and ported that Penguin Books on the pre­ because I have great confidence in your wis­ L. vious day had "apologized publicly in dom and your judgment. HON. LESTER WOLFF Last year I spoke at your convention in OF NEW YORK the high court to the General Secretary of an international labor federation for Florida just one week after President Ford IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the suggestion in one of its books that had announced my appointment as Adminis­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 trator of Veterans Affairs. I still awaited Sen­ his organization was under the control ate confirmation at that time and I had not Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would like of the Central Intelligence Agency. The started the job. to pause for a moment to pay tribute to company also agreed to pay unspecified I can report to you that it bas been a satis­ Eamon De Valera. damages • • •" fying year for me presonally and profession- September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27473 ally. I thank all of you for courtesies you will soon be behind us and we will be devot­ Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate have extended and I thank AMVETS for sup­ ing a greater percentage of our attention to Army. port your organization has given VA during the needs of those who have already made The Director of the National Park that period. their civilian readjustments. Service, Gary Everhardt, has informed I have said many times that we could not World War II and Korean Conflict veterans me that congressional legislation is re­ do our work in a manner acceptable to you, to will be joining in greater numbers of the con­ other veterans' groups, to veterans and their siderable number of World War I veterans quired to authorize Federal acquisition families and to the general public without who need health and financial assistance of the Wallace House and its administra­ the help you and other associations of vet­ because of advancing age. tion by the Park Service as part of the erans give us. There are nearly twenty million of these Petersburg National Battlefield. We hope to merit your continued help and veterans and the volume of this kind of help Dr. James H. Bailey, local historian support. may be larger than it has ever been, although and director of the Blandford Church At your last convention I pointed out to other medical and financial assistance pro­ Interpretation Center, said "the Wallace you that VA would spend $14 billion during grams will be a vallable to many of them. the current year. I said that expenditures I repeat that veterans' programs enjoy high House is, in addition to its historical sig­ of this magnitude were evidence of the belief popularity and that there is no move to alter nificance, one of the finest examples, ar­ of Congress and the American people in them but I think we should be alert to the chitecturally, of that period" in Peters­ sound programs for veterans and that I prospect that this popularity will wane in burg. realized that such a. large budget mandated the years ahead ... or at least that the I share the concern of a large number our being as prudent and productive as pos­ American people wlll be less aware of these of Petersburg residents who have con­ sible at VA. programs. tacted me expressing their fear that the That was last year. This year VA has a As Americans grow more accustomed to House may be sold by the current owner larger budget, one that will approach $16.5 peace and as memories of the Vietnam War billion. recede, help for veterans will be less thought and demolished. I want you to know that we at VA con­ about. It is for that reason that I urge the sider sound planning, good management and I don't believe people will be anti-veteran Congress to act expeditiously to avoid a shoulder-to-the-wheel approach to our as­ but they will be less interested and will be losing a landmark which is of national, signments to be even more important today less inclined to outrage if some veterans' as well as local, importance. than in the past. needs are forgotten or neglected. There is no escaping the fact that it will I hope that because of this possible tend­ cost far more in the yea.rs just a.head to pay ency our veterans' organizations will remain REMOVAL OF ARCHITECTURAL for help that veterans and their families have as strong and active as they a.re today ... BARRIERS TO HANDICAPPED earned. and I am sure that they wlll. And we know that even if we have no The fact that the membership of AM more war veterans ... and we fervently hope VETS is at an all-time high is encouraging HON. JAMES ABDNOR that we won't ... help for veterans already and I congratulate you for your success. I OF SOUTH DAKOTA separated from service and for their depend­ hope you continue to grow and I hope es­ ents will still be needed long into the future. pecially that you will enroll large numbers of lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Since there are still Civil War widows get­ younger veterans. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 ting VA assistance, it is reasonable to as­ It is projected that ten years from now sume that there will still be Vietnam war Vietnam Era. veterans will comprise nearly Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, I am widows a hundred yea.rs from now and longer. forty per cent of our veterans population. pleased to reintroduce today a concur­ But I don't want to make too much of the It is to these young men and women that you rent resolution making it the sense of cost of the programs for veterans and de­ need to look for your future strength and Congress that all units of government pendents. They are not only part of the cost vitality ... but I am sure you do not need expeditiously remove the many arcllitec­ of war, they a.re part of the cost of a fair to be reminded of this. tural barriers to the handicapped exist­ and free society, one that recognizes the per­ I told you earlier that I have enjoyed the formance of its citizens and that assists them year since your last convention, that it has ing in our public places. Seventy-four of when they have sacrificed for the common been one of great personal challenge and my colleagues join with me in this effort. good. great persona.I fulfillment. For years this country has had a valu­ I just want to assure you that we are aware I hope that it has been the same for you able asset that we have ignored-our of the great investment Americans a.re mak­ personally and as an organization. I hope handicapped fellow citizens. These are ing in our agency and of the obligation we that all of us may look to an even more courageous individuals who could indeed feel to give the best possible service. There successful year coming up and that we may give us a lesson in living. I am asking this goes with this assurance the request that work even more closely and more productively Congress to commit itself to make you and others like you give us what help for the objectives we share. you can to make our mission a success. It was kind of you to give me a place on changes long overdue and in anticipa­ There is no inclination on the part of the this program and I have enjoyed being here tion of the Bicentennial. Administration, the Congress or the Ameri­ with you and with your distinguished guests. The approaching Bicentennial anni­ can people to lessen assistance given those I hope there will be many more opportunities versary will be celebrated by all of our who have helped defend this nation. There for us to be together. citizens. Many will visit historical and is no move anywhere that I know of to trim institutional centers which personify or reduce programs that help those who have been to war. this Nation's underlying principles and There are 29.5 million veterans living to­ development. The handicapped may not day, the largest number in the history of our WALLACE HOUSE TO BE INCLUDED have access in many instances. We can­ country. The number will probably rise IN THE PETERSBURG NATIONAL not allow this to happen. We should not slightly and then level off before starting into BATI'LEFIELD allow this to happen especially when one a decline. considers the fact that our Constitu­ This will not be a precipitous drop and, for tion stipulates that the purpose of our as long as any of us can look into the future, Government includes the promotion of veterans will constitute a. considerable frac­ HON. ROBERT W. DANIEL, JR. tion of the total population. OF VIRGINIA the general welfare, protection of indi­ But the yea.rs ahead will see changes in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vidual rights, and the fostering of oppor­ the focus of VA activity and in the things tunities for all. that you as members of a prominent orga­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 This Nation has the resources to re­ nization that helps veterans will be most in­ Mr. ROBERT w. DANIEL, JR. Mr. move existing barriers and to do so be­ terested in. Speaker, today I am introducing legis­ fore our celebration starts. Many places Activity related to readjustment of Viet­ here in Washington have made provi­ nam veterans is at a high level right now. lation to authorize Federal acquisition of We are extremely gratified by the fact that the Wallace House and its administra­ sions for the physically impaired. There more than 5.8 million veterans and service­ tion by the National Park Service as a are generous quantities of information men have used the G.I. Bill during the last part of the Petersburg National Battle­ which will assist the handicapped in nine yea.rs and that more than three million field. making their visit to Washington enjoy­ of these trainees were enrolled in college. The Wallace House, built around 1850, able and convenient. But in a different We see this as assurance that a new genera­ is the location of the last meeting be­ sense, we still have present-day impair­ tion of veterans wlll not only be productive, tween Union Army Gen. U. S. Grant ments such as the case when an indi­ contributing members of society but will vidual in a wheelchair can visit the soon be assuming positions of leadership in and President Abraham Lincoln on their communities, their states and the April 3, 1865. The two men, meeting Washington Monument, but cannot see Nation. shortly before Lincoln was assassinated, out the windows once there. Once inside But the peak of this kind of VA activity discussed the anticipated surrender of the National Archives, the U.S. Constitu- 27474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 tion and other meaningful documents calls all of us to reaffirm the principles at­ their home has been a mecca. for their are unable to be seen from a wheelchair. tendant that foundation and guiding our Ford's Theatre and the House Where growth as a Nation; and many friends. It was in his home that Lincoln Died are candidly termed "inac­ Whereas the Constitution stipulates that Billy loved to entertain his friends who the purposes of our government include the included many African dignitaries. Mr. cessible to those in wheelchairs" by the promotion of the general welfare; and Speaker, Billy Simpson was a. leader and Park Service. I am pleased to note, how­ Whereas Members of this Congress have he was a pioneer for black progress. He ever, that the Park Service has plans to sworn to uphold and defend this most basic opened up many doors for young black renovate the Lincoln and Jefferson document and statement of principles; and people today. In his determination to see Memorials-which are currently viewed Whereas our handicapped fellow citizens from street level by the handicapped­ have rights, not because of their disabilities, black people succeed, he set the example as well as installing curb cuts in the but rights which belong to all citizens; and of first class service. He strongly believed White House area and the Mall. Whereas many existing public buildings that black people did not have to take and facilities have architectural barriers to a back seat to anybody. He set the ex­ My legislation would: access and enjoyment by our handicapped ample for black pride long before the ex­ First. Promote awareness of existing fellow citizens, and pression "Black is Beautiful" became a architectural barriers. Whereas this country, as in no other time popular saying. Mr. Speaker, few men Second. Encourage the exper.. diture of in its history, has the resources to provide· discretionary and existing appropriate for the well-being of all its citizens: Now, live a life in which they earn the respect funds toward expeditiously removing therefore, be it of their fellow man and make the num­ architectural barrers. Resolved by the House of Representatives ber of friends Billy made. My wife, Jay (the Senate concurring), That it is the sense and I shall always cherish the friendship Third. Encourage government agen­ of Congress-- we had with this extraordinary man cies at all levels to make the necessary (I) that the Constitutional Officers of the whose congeniality is now famed. changes for our fellow handicapped citi­ United States of America, administrators of Mr. Speaker and my colleagues, I com­ zens. institutions supported with public monies, I am pleased to note the cooperation I and administrative officers of this Congress, mend to you the article written by the have received from the National Easter should immediately survey faci11ties under Washington Post on Monday, Septem­ Seal Society for Crippled Children and their direction for all architectural barriers ber 1, 1975 on the life of my friend, Billy Adults the American Institute of Archi­ to the handicapped; Simpson. After you have read this tribute ( 2) that said officers and administrators to this distinguished gentleman, I am tects 'Paralyzed Veterans of America, should make available monies from their dis­ Inc.,' and Goodwill Industries, Inc. sure that you will join with me in saying cretionary funds for the removal of archi­ of the life of Billy Simpson, "Always a Architectural barrier removal should tectural barriers to the handicapped; and Pleasure." not mean the installation of an esthetic (3) that all other governmental units eyesore and hazard. Accessibility should should be encouraged to make similar provi­ [From the Washington Post, Sept. 1, 1975} mean independence for our handicapped sions for the handicapped citizens who re­ BILLY SIMPSON, RESTAURATEUR, DIES citizens as we celebrate our anniversary side under their jurisdiction. (By Jean R. Hailey) and statement that "All men are created William W. (Billy) Simpson, 61, whose equal." BILLY SIMPSON, FAMED RESTAURA­ restaurant on Georgia Avenue was a mecca The following are those that have for black politicians and African diplomats TEUR DIES for many years, died Saturday at Colorado joined in this effort to move toward Springs, Colo., after apparently suffering a removing existing barriers to the handi­ heart attack. capped: HON. LOUIS STOKES He had gone there to attend the ceremony, LIST OF COSPONSORS OF OHIO held Friday, at which Gen. Daniel (Chappie) Bella S. Abzug, Joseph P. Addabbo, Glenn James Jr., the first black general to get four M. Anderson of California, Mark Andrews of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stars, became commander in chief of the North Dakota, Les Aucoin, Herman Badlllo, Wednesday, September 3, 1975 North American Air Defense Command and Edward Beard of Rhode Island, Jaime commander of the Aerospace Defense Com­ Benitez. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, it is with mand. Michael T. Blouin, Don Bonker, William a saddened heart tha.t I announce to my They had been personal friends f0r many M. Brodhead, Garry Brown of Michigan, distinguished colleagues the death this years. Clair w. Burgener, Shirley Chisholm, Wil­ past Saturday of an outstanding Ameri­ Gen. James was among the many impor­ liam s. Cohn, Cardiss Collins of Illinois. can. Mr. Speaker, many Members of this tant figures in all areas of public life who James C. Corman, Mendel J. Davis, Thomas body were acquainted with Washington's were close friends of Billy Simpson. J. Downey of New York, Robert Duncan, When Mr. Simpson and Edith Berkley were Robert W. Edgar, Don Edwards of California, famed restaurateur, Billy Simpson who married here in 1957, the late Rep. Adam Joshua Eilberg, Daniel J. Flood. suffered a heart attack and died August Clayton Powell performed the c~remony. Rep. Bill Frenzel, Louis Frey, Jr., Benjamin A. 30, 1975. The gentleman of whom I speak Charles C. Diggs (D-Mich.) was the best Gilman, Gilbert Gude, Mark W. Hannaford, was no stranger to Capitol Hill. He fre­ man. Mr. Simpson later returned the favor Michael Harrington, Augustus F. Hawkins, quently attended social events here on at the wedding of Diggs. Ken Bechler of West Virginia. the Hill and on many occasions attended The restaurant, where an informal politi­ Marjorie s. Holt, John W. Jenrette, Jr., Jack congressional hearings where legislation cal forum known as the Round Table has F. Kemp, William M. Ketchum, William Leh­ been going on for years, is Billy Simpson's man, Robert J. Lagomarsino, Jerry Litton, affecting Washingtonians was being con­ House of Seafood and Steaks, which he es­ Jim Lloyd of California. sidered. Mr. Speaker, Billy Simpson was tablished at 3815 Georgia Ave. NW on No­ Clarence D. Long, Gene A. Maguire, a personal friend for whom I had great vember 1, 1956. Romano L. Mazzoli, John Melcher, George respect and admiration. He was truly an Diggs and other top government officials Miller of California, Donald J. Mitchell, Par­ unusual human being. He never met a became charter members of the forum. Mr. ren J. Mitchell, Joe Moakley. stranger. I had heard of him before com­ Powell was an associate member. Other Carlos J. Moorhead, John Moss, Ron M. ing to Washington. Shortly after I came members of Congress, local political figures, Mottl, Richard L. Ottinger, Claude Pepper, to Washington in 1969, I visited his fa­ judges and newsmen became participants. Larry Pressler, Albert H. Quie, Peter W. While· Mr. Simpson never ran for a political Rodino, Jr. mous restaurant on Georgia Avenue and office, he was a D.C. delegate to the Demo­ Teno Roncalio, Fortney H. (Pete) Stark, introduced myself to him. That was the cratic convention in Chicago in 1968 and Patricia Schroeder, Alan Steelman, William first time I had ever heard his famous again to the convention in Miami in 1972, A. Steiger of Wisconsin, William F. Walsh, expression "Always a Pleasure" with when he seconded the nomination of Sen. Henry A. Waxman, G. William Whitehurst. which he greeted everyone. From that George McGovern of South Dakota as presi­ Bob Wilson of California, Charles Wilson night forward, I like so many other peo­ dential candidate. of Texas, Larry Winn, Jr., Lester L. Wolff, ple grew to love and treasure my friend­ He had long participated in efforts to se­ Leo C. Zefferetti, Charles Thone, Philip R. cure home rule for Washington and individ­ Sharp, Stephen J. Solarz, Berkley Bedell, ship with this unusual man. It became ual rights for its citizens. Chr.istopher J. Dodd. my pleasure shortly after I met Billy to Mr. Simpson also established a close re­ meet his lovely wife, Edith who comple­ lationship with the African diplomatic corps. H. CON. RES. - mented him in every way. They were a In honor of the corps, he opened the plush Concurrent resolution to promote and en­ team. She understood Billy's great love upstairs Ebony Room, with Gold Coast bar courage the removal of architectural barri­ for people and his dedication to the prog­ and overhead map of the African continent, ers to the access of handicapped persons to ress of his race. She stood by his side in in April, 1963. Eleven African ambassadors or public fac1lities and buildings. his restaurant business, in his civic en­ their representatives attended the opening. Whereas the approach of the bicentennial In early 1964, he was invited to Liberia as deavors, and in his social entertainment guest of the country's treasury secretary to anniversary of the founding of this country of his friends. Both their restaurant and attend the inauguration of President William September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27475 v. S. Tubman. He had made a number of for comba.tting this drug flow. This first Under the tnie, "Deten te: the Danger personal loans to fundless African students step has been taken by the administra­ to Democracy," our country's foremost here. tion, thereby raising the possibility that spakesman for organized labor points out Liberia honored him that year with its an accord may be reached on the narcot­ African Star of Redemption. once again why American workingmen A native of Washington, Mr. Simpson was ics issue. have always been among the strongest a graduate of Dunbar High School and at­ I would hope that my colleagues would defenders of democracy, both in our own tended Miner Teachers College, now part of read the letter from the President which Nation and around the world. D.C. Teachers College. follows. Those of you who voted against Mr. Meany declares forthrightly: He worked for a period for the Government lifting the embargo because of the drug­ In sum, then, I am arguing that to the Printing Office, then served in the Navy dur­ related issue should find the letter of extent that the present policy of detente ing World War II, seeing duty on Oklnawa. particular interest, as it represents the leads to a depreciation of democratic values After the war, Mr. Simpson returned to initial move in obtaining clarification of in the West--and I see considerable evidence the GPO, but left it a short while later to our national and foreign policy regard­ of this already-it will be even more harm­ open his first restaurant, the 652 Club at 652 ful for the working man than for anyone Newton St. NW. ing drugs and more importantly serves else. Remember, the trade union movement's After he opened his new place on Georgia as notification that the President will commitment to democracy grows out of the Avenue, the menu continued to feaiture the move swiftly and positively in combat­ very commonsensloa.I observation thwt a sys­ "six-fifty-two" sandwich, a highly seasoned, ting this menace. tem that puts numbers above wealth is chopped prime sirloin on toast. I would hope that those Members who likely to produce a better deal for the work­ Mr. Simpson had received many awards for are interested in devising a strategy ers than any system that diminishes, frus­ his work in community affairs over the years. trates, or obliterates majority rule. He was on the board of directors of the which would minimize the impact of this Howard University Cancer Research Center threat to society would be willing to set The President of the AFL-CIO goes on and a board member of the Washington some time to present our views to the to paint out the very real dangers in de­ Urban League. President and the Secretary of State fair­ tente unless we always keep our eyes He was also a board member of the ly soon. So that the Members may have open and insure that in any bargain with Anthony Bowen YMCA. In 1968, when it was the benefit of the President's letter to the Soviets we receive at least as much known as the 12th street YMCA, he was gen­ me, I include it in the RECORD at this as we give. eral chairman of a drive to raise funds to point: provide free memberships in the YMCA to Nations must learn to live together in THE WHITE HOUSE, peace in this atomic age, but true peace 5,000 youth in the Shaw-Cardozo area. Washington, D.C., July 31, 1975. That same year, Mr. Simpson provided Hon. CHARLES B. RANGEL, will not come through self-deception. some of the food for participants in the House of Representatives, I should like to insert this perceptive Poor Peoples' March here and a year later Washington, D.C. article in the RECORD at this time: for persons involved in a sit-in demonstra­ DEAR CHARLEY: It has come to my atten­ [From the Daily Telegraph, August 14, 1975) tion at Howard University. tion that many of the votes against the bill WHAT THE SOVIET UNION Is GETTING AWAY He sponsored the Little League baseball to lift the embargo on military assistance teams at Parkview and Raymond playgrounds WrrH-DETENTE: THE DANGER TO DEMoc- to Turkey were based on a misunderstanding RACY and a number of adult bowling teams, fur­ of the policies of my Administration re­ nishing them with uniforms and awards. (By George Meany, President of the AFL-CIO, garding the threat to this country posed by the American equivalent of the TUC) Mr. Simpson was a life member of the foreign producers and exporters af opium. NAACP, a 32d degree Mason and a member I want you to know that I have had a The alternative to detente, we are re­ of the Pigskin Club. thorough conversation on the opium situa­ peatedly told, is holocaust. Either the East He was on the board of directors of the tion with Prime Minister Demirel of Tur­ and the West bury their differences, or we Independent Federal Building and Loan key earlier this week. I explained to him the shall bury each other. Association. high priority which I place on this problem. Thus put, detente is irresistible. Nothing In addition to his wife, of the home, 1725 I know that you will be pleased as I was to else seems rational; nothing is worth the de­ Verbena St. NW., he is survived by a son, hear how strongly the Prime Minister be­ struction of the human race. No ideology, no Roger Simpson, and a daughter, Betty Corn­ lieves in the most effective controls on the values, no institutions, however virtuous can ish, both of Washington, and three grand­ production of opium poppies. be vindicated by history if there are no people children. I also want you to know that my concern left on the planet. in Turkey is the same as my concern in every So, if detente offers the only detour, the nation in which opium poppies are grown. only accessible turn-off, from the collision PRESIDENT MAKES NARCOTICS course of the super-Powers, it must neces­ All nations of the world-friend and adver­ sarily be in the interest of all people every­ FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITY sary alike-must understand that America where, including of course the workers of considers the illicit export of opium to this the democratic countries. country a threat to our national security. But that's a very big if. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Secretary Kissinger and I intend to make sure that they do. · What if this popular conception of detente OF NEW YORK is wrong? What if the term itself has taken As I mentioned to you on the phone from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on meanings that have nothing to do with Helsinki this morning, I look forward to the realities of international life? What if Wednesday, September 3, 1975 discussing this further with you and the detente in fact serves as a mask to disguise Congress upon my return. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, on Thurs­ dangerous trends that ultimately lead to the Sincerely, destruction of democracy, or to the very day before the House commenced its Au­ GERALD R. FORD. global conflagration that detente was in­ gust recess, President Ford called me tended to avert, or to both? from Helsinki to discuss the situation in What if, in fact, detente is appeasement by Turkey and the apparent misunderstand­ another name? What if detente does not ing which had developed between the ad­ GEORGE :MEANY ADDRESSES THE deter but rather feeds and encourages the ministration and many of us here in PROBLEM:S OF DETENTE AND ITS forces of war and totalitarianism? When, it Congress regarding Turkish opium pro­ POTENTIAL DANGERS TO DEMOC­ seems to me, the workers in the democratic RACY countries have everything to lose and noth­ duction. Having been advised that many ing to gain. of the votes against lifting the embargo There is no doubt that among many in­ on military assistance to Turkey were tellectuals in the West the embracing of based on the drug issue, President Ford HON. JACK F. KEMP detente has been accompanied by a tendency specifically stated that he considered this OF NEW YORK to downgrade Western institutions, particu­ a high priority issue and that all nations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES larly the set of practices, we call political democracy. Af.ter all, they say, the United should be advised that he considered such Wednesday, September 3, 1975 trafficking a threat to our national se­ States has its Watergate and Vietnam; be­ sides, democracy may be a luxury the affluent curity. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, I should like countries can afford, but it doesn't feed any­ Many of us have continuously articu- to call to the att.ention of all of my col­ body, etc., etc. lated the view that heroin does indeed leagues a most thoughtful and impor­ Now, it may be argued that, logically, these pose a grave threat to human life in our tant article by Mr. George Meany. It was two views need not be connected and I sup­ Nation. The administration has been un­ published on August 14 in a leading Brit­ pose it ls true that the pursUit of detente willing to publicly recognize the import ish newspaper, the London Daily Tele­ does not necessarily have to entail the depre­ of the need for devising a viable policy graph. ciation of Western political values and in- CXXI--1730--Part 21 27476 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 stitutions. But abstract logic is not the com­ is vital to maintain the distinction between costs-in both of which Soviet policy played pelling factor behind the quest for detente. real unions and phoney unions. Western a basic role. The cost to the American house­ The compelling factor is a form of wishful history in this century is full of examples of wife of the last big Russian grain deal has thinking, and in reality those promoting the the terrible consequences that flow from call­ been put at over a billion dollars, not to virtues of detente feel the need to narrow ing things unions that are not unions. mention the 300 million dollars in subsidies the gap-no, the vast chasm-that separates In sum, then, I am arguing that to the paid out by the American taxpayer. the two social systems. Did not your own extent that ·the present policy of detente So far the Soviet economy doesn't seem Clive Jenkins profess to see little difference leads to a depreciation of democratic values to produce much that Americans need, but between your Ml6 and the Soviet K G B? in the West-and I see considerable evidence that could change, especially with the help Or, in a similar vein, when the President of of this already-it will be even more harmful of exported American technology. Already the United States, acting on the advice of the for the working man than for anyone else. some Soviet cars and tractors are making Secretary of State, declines to see Alexandr Remember, the trade union movement's their way into the U.S. at very competitive Solzhenitsyn on the grounds that doing so commitment to democracy grows out of the prices--remember, the Russians can set might offend the commissars, then clearly the very commonsensical observation that a sys­ whatever prices they like on their exports. White House itself has been morally sub­ tem that puts numbers above wealth is likely In their economic system, pricing policies verted by Communist pressure. to produce a better deal for the worker than can be made to serve political goals. Unlike Since the President's discourtesy really any system that diminishes, frustrates or our Western businessmen, the Soviets' prime originates from the American architect of obliterates majority rule. purpose is not related to private profit. the detente policy, it offers a profound in­ What is this detente in whose name the Our businessmen seem to have an unshake­ sight into the real meaning of detente in the President of the United States snubs one of able faith in the power of commerce to eyes of Dr. Kissinger. There is no action too the greatest writers and freedom fighters of achieve practically every imaginable goal­ abject, too dishonourable, or too disgraceful the 20th century? to end war, expand justice, raise living of our best traditions but thait Dr. Kis.singer Detente is not supposed to be a vague un­ standards. What we have here is a version will cheerfully carry it out in return for derstanding, a spontaneous thaw in the cold of the "trickle down" theory applied on an Soviet smiles. war. It is encoded in a specific agreement­ international scale. So, on the record so far, detente has signed by Nixon and Brezhnev in May, 1972- But we in the American traide union move­ brought about no favourable changes within which provides for "co-operation" between ment don't buy the "trickle down" theory. the Soviet bloc-certainly no easing of the the U.S. and U.S.S.R. It is not merely a We don't buy it at home, and we don't see plight of Soviet dissidents-but it has negative restraint, it is positive. It includes why we should buy it abroad. It has never brought about some unfavourable develop­ an agreement that each side notify the other worked for us. ments within the West, including, it would of any potential local flare-up that might We believe that the cause of social and seem, the downgrading of anti-Communism spread and envelop the super-Powers them­ economic justice in the United States must as an integral part of the democratic phi­ selves. be pursued·directly and head-on. That's what losophy. What have been the fruits of this detente? the AFL-CIO is in business for. We also be­ This is a matter of no small importance to Eighteen months after the agreement had lieve the cause of peace must be pursued di­ the working man of the West. Political de­ been signed the Soviet Union failed to notify rectly, not as a hoped-for fallout f'1'om du­ mocracy recognises that groups and classes the United States of Egyptian-Syrian prep­ bious commercial relationships. (We ought of people have conflicting interests, and lays arations to launch the Yom Kippur war, of not to forget that Germany was Britain's out the means by which conflicts can be ex- · which she had advance knowledge. Moreover, chief trading partner on the eve of both pressed and resolved. anyone who remembers how the Soviets sum­ world wars.) Since Communist societies proclaim that moned Henry Kissinger to Moscow to ar­ The fact is that a policy of firm resistance they have abolished class conflict, they natu­ range a cease-fire--after having refused to go to Communist expansion, backed by the mili­ rally purport to have no need of these means. along with U.S. pleas for U.N. action-knows tairy means to make the policy credible, is But for working people in the Western world that the Russians used detente to save the the best way to keep the peace. When such political democracy has not been a disposable Egyptian Third Army Corps from destruction a policy was followed in Cuba in 1962, it luxury. It has provided the essential tools by and to deprive Israel of a deserved military brought no conflagration but a Soviet re­ which workers could create unions and ac­ victory. To this day, the Soviet role in the treat (and subsequently a slight thaw in So­ quire the power to advance their social and Middle East has been destabilising, not peace- viet-American relations based on a healthy economic interests. Without the freedoms of fuL · respect for American power) . Our stand in speech, assembly, association and other And in Vietnam? When even the Viet­ Korea stopped Communist expansion there­ modes of collective expression a union simply namese sought to persuade Hanoi not to go Without bringing on World War III. Scare cannot function. Then you have a society in for total military victory but to enter nego­ words like "cold warrior" should not blind which it is presumed that the worker is not tiations that would produce a Viet Cong us to the fact that it was America's nuclear the best judge of his own interests, and that Government, was there any evidence that the superiority that prevented World War III. those interests must be defined and decided Soviets intervened on behalf of moderation? not peaceful Soviet intentions. by somebody else in the society, i.e. the State. In Portugal at this moment, is there any­ In aiddition, we need to recognise where DIFFERENT FUNCTION one who will argue that the Russians a.re the real threat to peace originates today. In restraining Mr. Cunhal and his Communist an earlier time it originated in fascist re­ This is, of course, the very system that pre­ party-whose members marched through the gimes. Does anyone really believe there is a vails in the Soviet Union. The destruction of streets with pictures of Stalin !-from seizing global expansionist fascist threat in the independent workers' organizations-no less power over a people from whom they just world today? Where are Franco's armies thorough than under fascist regimes-is jus­ marching? tified in the Communist world by an ideology received barely 13 percent of the vote? Wherever there is trouble in the world Is there a threat from the Western democ­ that claims to have seized control of the today one looks in vain for a shred of hard racies? Are they embarked on a holy wa.r to State for the workers. The bitter and illumi­ evidence that the Soviets are following a roll back the Communist gains? Is the United nating irony, of course, lies in the absence of course of detente. · States attempting to liberate Czechoslovakia. any means by which the workers themselves, But that's not quite true. They are fol­ Poland, Hungary, East Germany? Do we have can, even indirectly, ratify--or reject-this lowing detente of a kind-their kind. Their political parties in these countries-or in the seizure of power in their name. version of detente is very simple: they take, Soviet Union itself-that serve as instru­ This is why the AFL-CIO has refused, and take, take and give nothing in return. mentallties of our Government? will continue to refuse, to engage in exchange Detente means we give the Soviets sophis­ No policy for peace--whether it goes by visits with representatives of so-called unions ticated Western technology-especially ci­ the llBlme of detente or something else-can behind the Iron Curtain. They simply are not vilian computer technology. We also finance be successful unless it is based on a clear unions. They are instruments of the State, truck plants, nitrogen fertiliser factories, recognition of where the threat to peace whose function is the regimentation, not the natural gas production, etc. comes from. In our ear, that threat comes representaMon of worke·rs. To legitimize them You might think that a country that needs mainly from the Communist world-from as trade unions amounts to a betrayal of the such technological assistance must at least its imperialistic drive to dominate world Russian workers. society. Not accidentally, the greatest threat Governments must relate to one another be doing something all right agriculturally. Not so. In addition to giving the Soviets our to workers' irlghts emanates from the same regardless of the social systems they repre­ superior technology, we must also sell them source. sent. The dreams of anarchists to the con­ There ls a peace to be had by accommodat­ trary notwithstanding, there can be no power food to feed their people. Western workers are being called upon to ing to this threat--or by remoulding our in­ vacuum within a country: somebody has to stitutions and values in its image or in an govern. bail out the Russian economy-to save it The same standards cannot be applied to from the catastrophe of totalitarian central image more to its liking. But that is not a unions. There are countries where they don't planning geared to war production. And peace in which the workers of the world exist, there are parts of my country where make no mistake about it-it's the workers can hope to advance their deepest aspira­ unions are weak or non-existent-or where who a.re footing the bill. tions for a better life. so-called "company unions" exis·t. We don't The inflation that cuts into the purchas­ Whatever our Government may do, what­ invite them into our federB1tion just because ing power of the American worker is largely ever our capitalists may do, we will not ac­ they are the only show in town. We think it the result of skyrocketing food and fuel commodate to the commissars. September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27477 COMMUNITY CONCERN FOR cal in the store window to alert senior citi­ I call these surveys, which are printed SENIOR CITIZENS zens that they can get price reductions in below, to the attention of all those inter­ the store by showing either their Reduced ested in the facts about Chile: Transit Fare or Medicare Card. Discounts HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL vary from store to store between 5 to 20 CHILE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE percent, and many of the large chains have a During the first six months of 1975, Gallup OF NEW YORK special service or consideration unique to International Research Inc. did three surveys IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their stores. whose aim was to measure the image of the Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Commissioner Brophy said: "Mrs. Redo present chllean government, i:>oth in the eyes has proven to be a most resourceful, tena­ of that country's public opinion, as well as Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the plight cious and successful volunteer and the best in the international environment. of the elderly in our society continues to friend of senior citizens, not only in New The international survey, conducted dur­ worsen. The rising cost of food, medical York but across the country. She has re­ ing February and March 1975, covered 16 care and housing has brought our senior sponded indefatigably to letters on starting countries-Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela. the program from as far a.way as Hawaii, and Canada, USA, Mexico, Western Germany, citizens to the point of acute financial she has been flexible and generous in offering Austria, Denma.rk, Spa.in, Fmnce, Great insecurity. In addition, we refuse to treat the idea to anyone who wanted to use it in Brit8.ln, Italy, Israel, Japan and Australia-­ them as useful, active members of the other communities. She has been an inspir­ representing 806 million people, that is to community. Instead, we regard them as ing example of the difference one person can say, 40.3 % of the world's population, if India helpless and burdensome. We maintain make." and the communist countries are excluded. them in an undignified position of de­ In Chile, the first survey was conducted pendence, yet fail to provide them with during January and February 1975; the sec­ CHILE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE o~d. during May and June. adequate services. The first Chilean survey (January and Feb­ A welcome counterexample to this pat­ ruary) was based on a random national sam­ tern is the organization of "Community ple of 1821 interviews to persons 18 yea.rs Concern for Senior Citizens." I would HON. LARRY McDONALD and older, living both in rural and urban like to bring to the attention of my fel­ OF GEORGIA sectors. Therefore, it is to be considered rep­ low Members the following statement IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resentative of the total adult Chilean popu­ lation. from the Office of the Mayor of the City Wednesday, September 3, 1975 of New York. The survey of May-June, whose aim waa Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. to update and control the results of the first, It is my hope that we will soon recog­ was based on 920 interviews to persons 18 nize our ref;ponsibility to senior citizens Speaker, possibly nowhere is the bias of years old or more, living ln urban sectors on a Federal level. the news media more evident than in its and representing 41 % of the total adult pop­ 'Ib.e article follows: treatment of the present Government of ulation of that country. THE PLIGHT OF THE 'ELDERLY CONTINUES Chile. Ever since Marxist President Sal­ Ea.ch research, in a.11 the countries cov­ To WORSEN vador Allende was overthrown on Sep­ ered, was done by institutes affiliated to Gal­ Mayor Abraham D. Bea.me today honored tember 11, 1973, the media have char­ lup International, using all standard norms the founder and participants of "Community acterized the junta governing Chile as and procedures applied in this field of re­ Concern for Senior Citizens'', a retail dis­ brutal torturers and executioners. The search. count program now beginning its fourth The results show clearly that there ls no fact that Allende had totally destroyed relation between the way in which the chll­ year. the Chilean economy and was in the lat­ Mayor Bea.me said: "Community Concern ean inhabitants look at their own country, for Senior Citizens is an extraordinary pro­ ter stages establishing a totalitarian, and the way in which people of other coun­ gram achievement primarily due to the ef­ Communist dictatorship, generally goes tries, envisage the chilean situation. forts of its founder, Mrs. Maria Redo, work­ unreported. Internationally, the prevailing opinion ls ing as an unpaid volunteer, and responsive Also ignored and not investigated are that, in terms of order and peace, Chile suf­ members of the business community." the claims by the junta that what the fered a loss because of the change of gov­ Since Mrs. Redo began her first campaign media is reporting are leftist, Communist ernment (occurred in September 1973). in Manhattan's Yorkville section three yea.rs inspired lies, fostered by the Soviet Union Question: In your opinion. Do you think ago to persuade neighborhood retail mer­ that with the change of government Chile which was severely stung by the failure has won or lost in terms of order and peace? chants to offer discounts to Senior Citizens of Allende's "Marxist" experiment. on fixed incomes, she has placed the Pro­ [In percent] gram's green and white decal on storefronts Two months ago I had the privilege throughout the five boroughs, and sent of spending 3 days in Chile at the a.long how-to-do-it starter kits to more than invitation of its President, Gen. Augusto Won Lost D.K. 28 other cities across the country. Pinochet, but at the expense of neither Mrs. Redo, working with otficials of the the Chilean Government nor the Ameri­ All countries______14. 6 36. 3 49.1 New York City Department for the Aging, South America______23.0 51.0 26.0 can taxpayers. I found the contrast be­ North and Central America______12. O 41. O 47. o and With a wide network of cooperative vol­ tween the actual situation there and Europe______13. O 37. O 50. O unteers and agencies in the community, has East and Australia______14. O 14. O 72. O enrolled 2600 stores throughout the City. what is reported in the media to be Recently, Mrs. Redo has successfully en­ astonishing and outrageous. The country, listed the support of a number of large its people, and its Government are sim­ Among Chileans themselves, the pre­ cha.ins including such major food stores as ply nothing like the picture that has vailing opinion is that they live better to­ D'Agostino, Daitch-Shopwell, E & B Stores, been painted by those whose responsi­ day, than before September 1973 and men­ Gristede Brothers, Pioneer Stores and Sloan's bility it is to convey facts to their readers tion, as the main asset of their pre8ent gov­ Supermarkets. Other cha.ins participating in and listeners. ernment (in answer to an open-ended ques­ Community Concern a.re Sa.vemart Television tion) the attainment of a way of life whose and Appliances, Drago Shoe Repair, and E. This is most graphically exemplified most relevant features are order, respect, J. Korvette's hearing aid concession, Eye­ in recent surveys conducted by Gallup discipline, tranquility, unity, peace and glass Service Industries, Inc. International of people in Chile con­ security. These firms, as well as one of the first trasted with surveys of people from other Question: And right now. Would you say Yorkville participants, Medicra.ft Shops, Inc., countries. The results show that the you are living better, a.bout the same, or representing the many neighborhood busi­ image of the present Chilean Govern­ worse than before September 11, 1973? nesses where the program originated, will be ment in the eyes of the Chilean people (January 1975) honored a.long with Mrs. Redo at a ceremony is very favorable, while the image is very in the Blue Room, City Hall, 10:30 a.m., Au­ [In percent] gust 7th. Mayor Bea.me and Alice Brophy, unfavorable in the eyes of the interna­ Commissioner of the Department For the Ag­ tional community. ing will present Mrs. Redo and the 10 busi­ Gallup International concludes that-­ No Better Same nesses mentioned above with Certificates of It is not possible to deny that the inter­ Worse opinion Appreciation in recognition of their inno­ national image of Chile, a product mainly of vative and useful contribution to older New informations transmitted through mass Total sample____ 64 19 13 4 Yorkers. Socioeconomic communications media and talks with level: The amount of the retail discount offered friends, radically differs from the opinion High ______82 11 Medium _____ 6 1 by participants in Community Concern for held by people living in that country, in Low ______67 19 12 2 · Senior Citizens is set by the individual mer­ direct and permanent contact with the ac­ 53 25 18 4 chant who posts the distinctive program de- tual situation existing therein. 274'78 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 Question: Every government has good and Question: Supposing you could choose. bad things. Thinking about this government. Socioeconomic position What kind of government would you choose Total Which would you say are the good things it group High Medium Low today for Chile? can show? The three most frequent answers to this The government should open-ended question were: not call to general elec­ Socioeconomic position tions but should govern (January 1975) with support of civilians_ 36 40 41 26 Total Med- The government should group High ium Low [In percent] not call to general elec­ tions, but should govern A strong and authoritarian with nonmarxist politi- government______There is cians ______~ ______54 66 52 48 order, (The gov­ All the nonmarxist political Or a gentle and dialogist respect, ernment) parties should come D.K.government______------16 11 16 20 discipline, There is put an end back and the govern­ 30 24 31 31 authority unity, to politics ment should call to gen- A moderate government and peace and and eral elections______with participation of polit- 14 12 12 20 ical tendencies ______stability security politicians No opinion______5 2 6 6 18 21 20 11 Or a strong government, "'!'ith no political tenden- c1es ______Total sample _____ 45 32 12 Question: This is a list of problems affect­ 48 55 48 46 D. K______------__ 34 25 31 42 Sex: ing chileans. We will name them one by one Men ______42 29 14 and will ask you to classify each one, assign­ Women ______48 34 9 ing notes from 1 to 5. Note 1 corresponds to Socio-economic level: those problems you feel are very important Question: Which would you say is general­ High ___ ------48 29 15 ly the position of the present government: Medium_------45 31 12 for yourself and, note 5, to those problems Low ______42 32 9 you feel are of no importance to you (pass it favours employers, it favours workers, or card). it favours both? The world public opinion considers the (June 1975) [In percent] Chilean case as a problem from a political [In percent) point of view; for Chileans themselves, their Socioeconomic position own country's problem is of economic-not political-nature. Very Fairly Total Me- important important Favours group High di um Low The international research included four or or of little Without questions regarding this problem. The an­ important importance importance swers to these questions show that, in terms Employers ______------11 6 10 15 Workers ______------~ --_ of economic development, Chile is placed on lnfla\ion, cost of living_ 67 28 4 14 13 13 17 an average position among the South Ameri­ Wages and salaries ____ 53 35 6 Both __ ------___ 66 68 70 58 can countries but, in political terms (liber­ Unemployment______58 24 11 D. K__ ------9 14 8 9 ty), is considered as the country with less Freedom of expression_ 19 27 44 The recess of political freedom in that same context. parties ______11 70 Question: Please look at this card and Faced with the alternative of choosing tell me which three South American coun­ a South American country to live in, the tries you consider are the most prosperous, The world's public opinion envisages the world's public opinion places Chile in the rich and developed? Chilean government as dictatorial, unprogres­ penultimate position of the list of prefer­ Question: And which three countries do sive, cruel, warlike and unfair: ences. you consider the poorest and underdevel­ Question: Which of the following words Question: Suppose you had to live in a oped? do you think best describes the present gov­ South American country, which one of these Question: Now about these countries' gov­ ernment in Chile? would you prefer? ernments. Which would you say are the two All countries -All countries South American countries where people live Percent Percent the most freedom? Democratic ------11. 2 Argentina ------21. 4 Question: And in which two countries, in Dictatorial----,. ------54. 2 Bolivia ------1. 7 your opinion, is there no freedom? Progressive------21.8 Brazil ------29. 8 Unprogressive ------37. 6 Colombia ------3.7 [In percent] Benevolent------13.3 Chile ------1.6 PeacefulCruel ------______44.816.9 Ecuador ------1.8 The 3 Paraguay ------1. 4 most Warlike ------41. 7 Peru------3.4 pros- The 3 Most No perous poorest freedom freedom Fair------14. 4 Uruguay ------1.9 Unfair ------42.9 Venezuela ------12. O But Chileans, even faced with the pos­ BraziL ______63. 4 5.3 38.1 9.0 But Chileans have a different opinion of Argentina ______!>8. 7 5.1 27. 5 16.1 their own government: The absolute major­ sibllity of living in another country, would Venezuela ______44. 5 7. 7 28.2 4.8 ity thinks that the government has been prefer to stay in Chile. Colombia __ ------15. 2 17.1 15. 7 5.6 good or very good; feels that, regarding la­ Question: Now, changing the subject. If Chile ______----- 14.4 29. 7 4. 2 48.1 you had the possibility of living in another Peru_------10. 9 33.3 7. 4 15. 6 bour relations, the government stands in an Uruguay ______8.1 24.8 6.8 9.4 impartial position with respect to employers country, what would you prefer: staying in Ecuador __ ------5.6 32.8 5.1 6.3 and workers; given the opportunity to Chile, or going to live abroad? Bolivia __ ------5.1 33.1 4.0 12. 2 choose, they prefer a strong and authoritar­ Paraguay_------4. 3 27. 3 4.2 6. 7 ian government-and by slightly lower pro­ (June 1975) portion-with no political tendencies. In Chile, very little importance is given Question: All governments have good and [In percent] to the political situation and, on the contrary, bad aspects. Taking everything into con­ the present situation in that country, is sideration, how would you rate this govern­ Socioeconomic position even preferred by its inhabitants. What really ment? Total worries the chilean people is the economic (June 1975) sample High Medium Low problem. Question: People have different opinions [In percent) Staying in Chile __ 81 90 80 77 regarding the present government. With Going abroad _____ 16 8 16 20 which of the following do you agree most: Socioeconomic position D.K_ ------2 3 3 3 Total (June 1975) group High Medium Low [In percent] This proportion of "migrating intentions" 2 ------2 3 in Chile, can be favorably compared with 3 1 2 5 Socio-economic position ~:ci>'.._b_a_d_~~Below average == = ______======_ 5 2 5 7 other figures obtained by Gallup Interna­ Total Average ______17 3 16 26 tional in several countries. Above average ______group High Medium Low Good ______19 21 20 16 In every case, the question asked was the 37 42 37 35 same. Very good ______15 29 16 7 The government should D.K ______------______2 3 2 1 Question: If you had the possibllity, would continue just like now___ 39 39 37 43 you like to live in some other country? September 3, 19 7 5 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27479 (February 1971) nection with the impending vote on the ISRAEL, HABITAT AND THE lln percent! veto of S. 1849, legislation extending the U.N.'S FUTURE Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act for Yes No D.K. 6 months. If any solution is to be struck between HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL OF NEW YORK Sweden ______------____ _ 18 78 4 the Congress and the administration, Holland ______16 82 2 time is an urgent necessity in achieving IN THE HOUSE OF R.EPR.ESENTATIVES Uruguay ______32 63 5 Greece ______22 the kind of mutual concessions necessary. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Great Britain ______78 ------41 !>9 ------The editorial is as follows: Finland ______19 74 7 Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, re­ United States ______[From the Oil and Gas Journal, Aug. 18, 1975] BraziL ______12 85 3 sponding to another Arab inspired at­ 17 81 2 DECONTROL, YES, BUT NOT THIS WAY Western Germany ______tempt to politicize an international hu­ 27 70 3 It may seem carping to criticize an end to manitarian organization, the United Na­ allocation and price controls on crude oil tions Preparatory Conference on Human The international public opinion feels that and refined products no matter how it hap­ Settlement-Habitat-meeting in Te­ its level of information about Chile is higher pens. But the circumstances under which than the one it has about other South Amer­ controls are heading for expiration on Aug. heran on June 19 adopted a recommen­ ican countries. 31 threaten to negate most of the benefits dation to exclude Israel from the full Question: Do you know who governs . . . that flow normally from a free market. conference to be held in Vancouver, B.C., (Uruguay, Colombia, Chile). A president Congress may be able to continue controls Canada, from May 31-June 14, 1976. A elected by the people, a general or mllltary by overriding the President's promised veto similar anti-Israel proposal was adopted board? of the 6-month extension of the law. If that at another United Nations Preparatory comes to pass, the U.S. will be back where it Conference on Human Settlement meet­ PERCENTAGES OF PERSONS ANSWERING "DON'T KNOW" started, with the President wanting to phase ing in Cairo in June. TO QUESTION ABOVE out price ceilings and Congress opposing any such action. According to reports released by the If controls actually die, on the other hand, U.N., the recommendations to exclude Is­ North the industry and the country will enter a. rael were made on the putative grounds and East All South Central and new period of uncertainty. A Congress an­ that "Israel has always acted contrary coun- Amer- Amer- Aus- gered by rising prices and eager to escape to the spirit of Habitat" and that Israel tries ica ica Europe tralia blame for them will surely make renewed ef­ was responsible for the "involuntary mi­ forts to legislate a rollback. gration" of "2 million Palestinian Arabs" Uruguay ______60. 2 45. 7 61. 3 61.0 71.7 The House and Senate have amply demon­ and for the destruction of Palestinian Colombia ______!>8. 9 33. 5 60.0 66.1 77. 7 Chile ______strated their strong feelings in f.avor of con­ 40. 6 22. 3 45. 7 36. 6 63. 0 trols. Both houses mustered more than settlements. a two-thirds vote to extend the Emergency These claims, however, are totally Petroleum Allocation Act to l\1:ar. 31, 1976. without foundation. The main source of information of the This heavy margin in favor of controls is The Arab refugees were not driven worlds public opinion about what is happen­ not automatically convertible into a veto from Palestine. According to impartial ing in South America, are mass communica­ override. But it does reflect overwhelming records of the British mandate govern­ tions media and "talking with friends". sentiment among senators and representa­ ment, the vast majority, numbering at Question: What is your main source of in­ tives in support of some ceiling on prices. formation as to what is happening in South They want this insurance in the short run most 590,000 Arabs, left their homes in America"'? to prevent further increases in the event the the area that was to become Israel, as a All countries OPEC cartel jacks up crude prices again next result of the urging and pressures of the Percent month. Arab leaders, with the reassurance that TV------62.3 In this climate. even with the power of their departure would help in the war Newspapers ------52. 4 presidential veto supporting decontrol, pro­ against Israel. R.adio ------~------30.7 ducers cannot count on continuation of the The truth is that it was in the Arab l\1:agazines --~------11.6 free market for very long. Investments in ex­ countries that the savage tale of "in­ Talking with friends______8. 6 ploration and production, based on $13 oil, may very quickly turn out to have been made voluntary imigration" 'unfolded. Indeed, It is not possible to deny that the inter­ the years 1948-60 may well prove to have national image of Chile, a product mainly of on a false premise. informations transmitted through mass com­ So, even if the little-mourned EPAA dies been the blackest period in the annals of munications media and talks with friends, on Aug. 31, industry will still lack the sound the Jewish communities in the Arab radically differs from the opinion held by basis for planning it has sought in vain since countries. Humiliation and discrimina­ people living in that country, in direct and the price freeze ushered in controls 4 years tion were the Jews' daily lot. They were permanent contact with the actual situa­ ago. A pricing policy that rests on the weak continually subjected to government in­ tion existing therein. reed of a presidential veto is no policy at all. spired programs of violence, looting, and To be of any value as a guide to the future, policy must enjoy fairly broad support in the murder. During these persecutions, the Congress. It must owe its existence to some­ borders were alternately closed to prevent thing other than the fact that opponents their escape, and then suddenly opened DECONTROL, YES, BUT NOT THIS cannot, for the moment anyway, line up two­ to engender the inevitable empty-handed WAY thirds of the House and Senate against it. flight. In fact, it is estimated that some The arithmetic can change at any time, just 900,000 Jews were driven from Arab as the veto can pass into other hands in No­ lands-the same Jews whose families had HON. JOHN D. DINGELL vember of next year. OF MICHIGAN lived there for thousands of years and This cold war between the White House had contributed greatly to the progress, IN THE HOUSE OF R.EPR.ESENTATIVES and Congress cries for resolution through a compromise acceptable to both. The basis for wealth, and culture to these nations. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 that bargain, even its details, can be found Forced to leave their homelands they Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant in the program to phase out controls which were offered no reparations; in fact, in to permission granted, I insert into the President Ford sent up last month, olliY to most cases they were prohibited from Extension of Remarks of the CONGRES­ have it rejected. taking with them anything more than the SIONAL RECORD an excellent editorial ap­ Decontrol over the specified 39 months, if clothes on their backs. pearing in the Oil and Gas Journal en­ written into law as proposed, offers incentives Hence, when we speak of "involuntary titled "Decontrol Yes, But Not This for an expanded search for oil. especially if migration" let us not forget that there Way." the related windfall tax gives proper credit were almost twice as many Jewish refu­ for plowback. And it promises stability that is The editorial, appearing on August 18, gees who were forced from Arab coun­ lacking under sudden decontrol opposed by tries as Arab refugees who left Israel of 1975, in one of the leading journals of a big majority of lawmakers. the oil and gas industry points out that The veto is a useful weapon provided by their own free will or at the orders or while decontrol is desirable, sudden de­ the founding fathers as a check against the exhortations of their leaders. control can cause immense problems to excesses of a runaway majority. But unless it Today, ironically, it is the Arab lead­ the Nation. becomes a vehicle for reasonable compromise, ers, not the Israelis, who force the Pales­ I hope my colleagues will keep this the benefits will soon be wiped out by the tinians to live in debilitating squalor. editorial in mind when they vote in con- backlash that is already building up. While Israelis have taken steps to im- 27480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 prove health conditions and encourage voted to deprive Israel of her status and tional emergencies, H.R. 3884 will tem­ the economic prosperity of the Pales­ rights in the world body. porarily eliminate the threat that abuse tinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Mr. Speaker, such irresponsible and of emergency powers could be used to Strip, the Arab leaders prevent the re­ blatantly political behavior cannot be subvert our democratic form of govern­ habilitation of the Palestinians who re­ permitted. The politicalization of the ment. side on their soil, holding out to all of U.N. and her specialized agencies-the The authors of H.R. 3884 also at­ them, instead, the hope of return and of most effective and hwn1anizing parts of tempted the difficult task of establishing "vengence" on the Jews of Israel to the U.N. structure-must be resisted by a mechanism for the declaration of any whom the Arabs have transferred blame all nations, particularly the United future national emergencies by an Amer­ for the Palestinians' plight. States. At stake is not only the removal ican President. The creation of any such Moreover, Arab nations today continue of Israel from the United Nations, but in set of procedures would be a vast im­ to subject their Jewish citizens to nu­ addition, the credibility of the United provement over the status quo in which merous forms of discrimination, restric­ States ·as 1a responsible ally and the future the President's authority to act in times tions, arbitrary arrest, torture and gen­ of the U.N. itself. of emergency is essentially undefined. eral harassment. Forbidden to leave It is quite possible that the Arabs are According to Senator MATHIAS, cochair­ their country, Syrian and Iraqi Jews live once again contemplating a move to use man of the Senate Special Committee as virtual hostages in their own land, in the upcoming United Nations Prepa­ on the Termination of the National constant fear of the oppressive and sup­ ratory Conference in New York from Emergency: pressive policies of their governments. August 25-28 as a staging ground for There is no consistent way in which emer­ Who is then violating and degrading their war on Israel. gencies are invoked, reviewed, or terminated. the "spirit of Habitat"? Is it Israel? Or If we are to discourage other nations is it the Arab nations? from voting to exclude Israel from the Unfortunately, no clear definition of While the Arab nations continue to Vancouver Habitat Conference next year the President's emergency powers has prevent the rehabilitation of the Pal­ and from voting to exclude Israel from emerged from the few Supreme Court estinian people--using them as a tool for the General Assembly this fall, the Ford cases in the area. In the words of Senator specious political ends-and continue to administration must move firmly and CHURCH: deny their Jewish citizens fundamental resolutely to block the burgeoning Arab [The Court] has invoked three different human rights, Israel, in the last 8 years, offensive. doctrines, and it has wobbled all over the has sponsored far-reaching changes that Such an action would make more cred­ place. have markedly improved the Palestin­ ible Secretary of State Kissinger's re­ It is clear that Congress must act to ians economic and social welfare. And cent warning that those who seek to clarify the conditions under which the Arabs living in Israel enjoy more per­ manipulate U.N. membership by political President can declare a state of emer­ sonal freedom and economic opportunity abuse run the risk of weakening Amer­ gency and the procedures by which an than those in nearly every Arab state. ican public support for the United Na­ emergency can be invoked and termi­ Since the 1967 war, the number of tions and inheriting an "empty shell." nwted. The problem is analogous to, doctors and dentists in the West Bank though perhaps more grave than, that has doubled, the nwnber of hospital beds faced by Congress in considering the War has increased by 20 percent and the num­ Powers Resolution in 1973. In that in­ ber of hospital births has doubled. AMENDMENTS NEEDED TO IM­ stance, as in this one, Congress was faced Malaria is now virtually absent from the PROVE NATIONAL EMERGENCIES with a vast yet undefined facet of Presi­ West Bank, and there has been a sharp ACT dential power, with considerable Poten­ drop in deaths from measles and polio-­ tial for abuse, which had, in effect, be­ factors which have halved the infant come virtually unlimited. There, Con­ mortality rate. HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN gress resPQnded by specifying a limited Similarly, Israeli agricultural special­ OF MASSACHUSETTS set of conditions under which a Presi­ ists have sponsored changes in West IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent could commit American forces to Bank and Gaza agriculture, introducing Wednesday, September 3, 1975 combat. Moreover, the War Powers Res­ better techniques to the Arab farmers. olution required the President to consult Field crops, vegetables, fruits and live­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, when the with Congress whenever possible before stock have all increased in the past 5 House considers H.R. 3884, the National taking any such action. Finally, the res­ years. Emergencies Act, I intend to off er a series olution provided for the automatic with­ The Habitat Preparatory Conferences of amendments to strengthen and im­ drawal of American forces after a speci­ are but the latest targets of a cunning prove that important piece of legislation. fied period unless Congress has agreed and continuous effort by the Arabs to It is obvious to all that congressional to an extension of that period. Those isolate Israel diplomatically and polit­ action to terminate the four existing provisions, taken together, constitute a ically in the world and to ostracize her states of national emergency is long basic assurance that an American Presi­ from the "family of nations." Having its overdue. For more than 40 years, the dent will not grossly abuse his authority beginning several years ago, the Arab American people have lived under the as Commander in Chief to involve the offensive against Israel pins its hopes on shadow of laws which empower the United States in armed warfare without the hypocrisy, the cynical selfishness and President to seize private property, orga­ the consent of Congress. the cowardice, which to my regret, char­ nize and control the means of produc­ The declaration of a national emer­ acterize the behavior of a large nwnber tion, institute martial law, promulgate gency, through the awesome extraordi­ of countries in the international arena. secret regulations, and otherwise control nary powers it confers upon the Presi­ Already, the Arab, third world, and the lives of American citizens without dent, is at least as significant and po­ reference to democratic processes. In the tentially dangerous as the President's Soviet nations have managed to isolate words of Senator CHURCH, cochairman Israel from the regional councils of exercise of war powers. Yet the current of the Senate Special Committee on the provisions of H.R. 3884 do not apply the UNESCO and force a vote at the World Termination of the National Emergency: Health Organization meeting in Geneva same standards of specificity and ac­ These powers, if exercised, would confer countability which were written into the to condemn Israel for nonexistant health upon the President total authority to do inadequacies in the administered terri­ anything he pleased. War Powers Resolution for the very pur­ poses of preventing Executive abuse and tories. In addition, at the Conference of Thankfully, the preponderance of ex­ preserving congressional involvement in the International Labor Organization in traordinary powers available to Ameri­ the exercise of extraordinary powers. In Geneva the Palestine Liberation Organi­ can Presidents since 1933 under the on­ its present form, H.R. 3884 authorizes zation was granted observer status. going state of emergency have never been the President unilaterally to declare a Currently, we are in the midst of a exercised. Nevertheless, as long as a state national emergency whenever he decides carefully orchestrated attempt by the of emergency remains in effect, the use it is essential to do so. No necessary con­ Arabs to expel Israel from membership of such powers conferred upon the Presi­ ditions must be met nor must Congress in the United Nations General Assembly. dent by some 470 different provisions of be consulted or even informed before A meeting of 40 Moslem foreign minis­ law is a constant possibility. By termi­ such momentous action is taken. ters in Jidda, Saudi Arabia, on July 16 nating the four existing, yet obsolete na- Moreover, once an emergency has been September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27481 proclaimed, the burden is on Congress to firmative congressional action should be the national emergency has been act to terminate it. Unless both Houses required to prolong the emergency. Once terminated." of Congress pass a concurrent resolution again, the justification for the manda­ terminating a state of emergency, the tory withdrawal of American troops from AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3884, AS REPORTED, emergency shall continue indefinitely. hostilities after 60 days in the absence OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN Page 3, strike out the period at the end of Thus, if Congress is divided or fails to of congressional action, contained with­ line 15 and insert in lieu thereof the follow­ act, the emergency will remain in effect. in the war powers, is at least applicable ing:"; or This provision is in sharp contrast to here. " ( 3) thirty calendar days elapse following section 5 (b) of the War Powers Resolu­ AUTHORITATIVE LIST OF EMERGENCY POWERS the declaration of an emergency unless Con­ tion which provides for automatic ter­ A third key amendment would require gress (A) has authorized by concurrent reso­ mination of the use of American forces the Attorney General to compile a list lution the extension of such an emergency to unless Congress acts affirmatively to ap­ of all provisions of law which confer a date certain, or (B) is physically unable to prove an extension. In this case, as in meet as a result of an armed attack upon the emergency powers. The list would be United States." that one, I believe that the burden should submitted to Congress and printed in be placed on those wishing to continue, the Federal Register. An accompanying AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3884, AS REPORTED, not to end, an extraordinary state of amendment would stipulate that no OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN affairs in which the President can legally emergency power could be utilized by On page 10, immediately after line 19, in­ exercise virtually unlimited authority. the President unless it was grounded in sert the following new section: A final deficiency of H.R. 3884 is that a provision of law contained in the At­ "SEc. 503. Not later than six months after it fails to provide for the compilation of torney General's list. The adoption of the date of enactment of this Act, the At­ a definitive and all-inclusive list of those these two amendments would mean that torney General shall submit to the Congress powers which could conceivably be exer­ a list of all provisions of law (including but the term "emergency powers" will have not limited to statutes, executive orders, and cised during a national emergency de­ an established and definitive meaning for departmental regulations) conferring pow­ clared by the President. Until such a list the first time. ers and authorities which may be exercised has been prepared, the possibility re­ OTHER AMENDMENTS during a national emergency declared by the mains that during some future declared President. Such list shall be published in the emergency, the President will rely upon If some or all of these substantive Federal Register." some previously unnoticed statute to amendments are adopted, I will off er carry out a plan for which no regular several conforming amendments of a AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3884, AS REPORTED, legal justification exists. The Senate Spe­ technical nature to retain the internal OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN cial Committee conducted exhaustive re­ consistency of the act. In addition, I plan Page 7, line 2, insert immediately after search which resulted in the publication to offer a minor amendment which would "act" the following: ", and unless such pro­ of a list of 470 provisions of law confer­ require the President to certify monthly, visions of law are among those enumerated rather than annually, that an emergency by the Attorney General pursuant to sec­ ring emergency powers. But that list was tion 503 of this Act". admittedly not necessarily all-inclusive remains in e:ff ect. In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I am hope­ and, of course, has no legal standing of AMENDMENT TO H.R. AS REPORTED, ful that the House will approve the Na­ 3884, its own. The American people have a OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN right to know of all powers which could tional Emergencies Act after encompass­ Page 3, line 24, insert immediately after conceivably be exercised during a future ing the important changes which I will the comma the following: "or on the date emergency. propose. We have all lived under a de­ specified in any concurrent resolution re­ clared National Emergency for so long cmCUMSTANCES IN WHICH AN EMERGENCY CAN ferred to in clause (3) of this subsection, or BE DECLARED MUST BE DEFINED that it is sometimes easy to overlook the on the 30th day following the declaration of grave potential for abuse of the awesome such an emergency,". These, then are the serious weaknesses powers brought into being by such a dec­ of H.R. 3884 which would be remedied by laration. We have been relatively fortu­ AMENDMENTS TO H.R. 3884, AS REPORTED, the set of amendments I intend to pro­ nate on this score in the past. Yet that OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN pose on the fioor. First, I will offer an does not give us the right to ignore the Page 4, line 21, strike out "fifteen" and in­ amendment based on sections 2 and 3 of potential for such abuse in the future. It sert "five" in lieu thereof. the war powers resolution to specify is regrettable that we had to endure the Page 5, line 7, strike out "fifteen" and in­ those circumstances under which the sert "five" in lieu thereof. tragedy of an undeclared war in South­ Page 5, line 16, strike out "six" and insert President is authorized to declare a na­ east Asia before placing some ostensible "two" in lieu thereof. tional emergency and requiring the Presi­ limits on the President's war powers in Page 5, line 17, strike out "conference" and dent to consult with Congress before 1973. In the case of national emergencies, insert the following: "unless both Houses of taking such action in every possible in­ we have a chance to act responsibly be­ Congress shall otherwise determine by yeas stance. The standard set by this amend­ fore an abuse of power occurs which and nays". ment is precisely that contained in the makes us sorry we did not act sooner to Page 5, line 21, strike out "six" and insert war powers resolution. The logical jus­ define the President's authority to de­ "two" in lieu thereof. tification for sharp definition and spec­ clare an emergency and to assure con­ AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3884, AS REPORTED, ificity in both cases is identical, as is the gressional control and public accounta­ OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN justification for prior oonsultation with bility. I hope that all Members will care­ Page 3, line 16, strike out "year" and insert Congress. The adoption of this amend­ fully study these amendments prior to "month" in lieu thereof. ment is crucial to preventing the unwar­ the imminent floor consideration of H.R. ranted declaration of an emergency by 3884. The text of the amendments which a President. I intend to off er follows: BEWARE OF DECONTROL ADVO­ AUTOMATIC TERMINATION AMENDMENT TO H.R. 3884, AS REPORTED, CATES BEARING GIFTS A second amendment would provide OFFERED BY MR. DRINAN for the automatic termination of a de­ Page 2, line 22, insert immediately after the clared emergency after 30 days unless period the following: "The President shall is­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Congress acts to extend the state of sue such a proclamation pursuant o:p.ly to: OF MICHIGAN (1) a declaration of war; (2) an attack upon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES emergency beyond that deadline or un­ the United States; its territories or posses­ less Congress is unable to meet to con­ sions, or its armed forces; or (3) the prior Wednesday, September 3, 1975 sider such a proposed extension because enactment of a joint resolution specifically Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant the United States was under attack. The authorizing the President to issue such proc­ to permission granted, I insert page 4 of amendment is also drawn precisely along lamation. The President in every possible in­ Airline Reports dated August 21, 1975, the lines of the war powers resolution­ stance shall seek the advice and counsel of Congres.5 and provide Congress with all per­ entitled "Beware of Decontrol Advocates section 5(b). An emergency is, by defi­ tinent information before proclaiming the Bearing Gift.s." nition, a short-term affair. If a continua­ existence of a national emergency. After such This report, a major publication in the tion of this extraordinary state beyond proclamation has been issued, the President airline industry, warns the industry and 30 days is necessary and desirable, af- shall consult regularly with Congress until the Nation of the evil consequences of 27'482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 sudden decontrol of certain oil prices, use. The Administration petition notes that enough to satisfy the most ardent environ­ and the problems little concealed in ad­ "the Board's continuing power to review each mentalists. The challenge lies in finding fare increase proposed should prevent fares in methods for converting this energy efficiently ministration proposals for pass through any particular market from absorbing excess and economically into useful forms. of jet fuel prices. increases related to energy costs." There are two obvious obstacles to har­ The Nation should be aware of the nessing solar energy. First, it is not con­ severe economic consequences coming stantly available on earth. Thus, some form from sudden decontrol through the ex­ of storage is needed to sustain a solar-pow­ piration of the Emergency Petroleum Al­ ered system through the night and during SOLAR CLIMATE CONTROL periods when local weather conditions ob­ location Act and Presidential veto of S. scure the sun. Second, solar energy is diffuse. 1849 which would extend that statute for Although the total amount of energy availa­ 6 months to enable opportunity for the HON. GILBERT GUDE ble is enormous, ·the collection and conver­ Congress and the President to work out a OF MARYLAND sion of solar energy into useful forms must solution with regard to decontrol. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be carried out over a large area: one square Report follows: Wednesday, September 3, 1975 yard of land exposed to direct sunlight re­ BEWARE OF DECONTROL ADVOCATES BEARING GIFTS ceives the energy equivalent of only about Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, over the past 1 horsepower, or about 1 kilowatt. However, The Ford Administration, oblivious to the solar energy is not easily convertible, the 100 %-plus increase in jet fuel prices since few months I have made a number of comments about the importance of solar conversion ·apparatus requires a large capital 1973, this week unveiled a nebulous plan to investment, and certainly is not "free." It partially offset fuel price increases if controls energy as an alternative source of en­ can be considered a widely distributed re­ are lifted September 1. The proposal, de­ ergy and the immediate availability of source somewhat akin to low-grade mineral scribed as a "Joint Petition for Emergency solar heating technology, I have regu­ resources. Sophistication is required to Procedures" was filed Tuesday by DOT, FEA larly urged the Congress to pass·le gisla­ "mine" solar energy effectively. and the Oouncil on Wage & Price Stability tion that will lead to greater use of solar Solar energy, therefore, most likely will be (D. 28191). So confusing and impractical is heating and cooling in both residential commercialized not because it is cheaper the plan that its main objective appears to be than alternative energy sources, but because to neutralize harm to the airline industry as and commercial structures, as well as An these alternative sources sooner or later will an issue which Congress might incorporate in Federal buildings. important article be exhausted, will become increasingly more its effort to override the President's veto of has recently appeared in the American expensive, will continue to be subject to an extension of fuel price controls. And a Society for Testing and Materials political and economic control by the nations clear secondary objective is ·to substitute the "Standardization News" which affirms possessing them, and will produce undesira­ Administration's idea of rate-making for the future of solar energy. The article is ble, and as yet incompletely understood, en­ CAB's. by Peter E. Glaser, Vice President and vironmental consequences, especially on the Significantly lacking in documentation, huge scale that will be required to meet pro­ the Administration's petition draws the con­ Head of Engineering Sciences at Arthur D. Little, Inc., and I would like to jected demands even with controlled growth. clusion that "the price of aviation fuel 1s not Obviously, the harnessing of solar energy expected to increase more than three cents a bring several excerpts from it to my col­ is a goal worth pursuing, but a goal difficult gallon." That, the Administration says, would leagues' attention: to achieve. The successful and widespread be the net impact after decontrols and sus• SOLAR CLIMATE CONTROL; EVALUATING THE introduction of devices that utilize solar en­ pension by the President of the $2 import COMMERCIAL POSSIBILITIES ergy will require considerable development fee on foreign crude which the Courts re­ (By Peter E. Glaser) to strike the appropriate balance between cently held was illegally imposed. The peti­ Today, the application of solar energy is technology, the environment, and society's tion also limits the 3¢ figure to "the next needs. Results are unlikely to come about several months" and adds the ominous note perceived as one means of meeting future energy demands. In many countries, govern­ quickly, not because of lack of advanced that "any new OPEC-dictated increase in the technology, but rather because of too little cost of imported crude oil will, of course, ment and industry groups are investigating different concepts for harnessing solar energy. industrial experience with such technology. further increase the price level of all petro­ As yet, there is no capacity to mass-produce leum products sold in the United States." Several U.S. companies are beginning to com­ mit significant resources to new solar energy­ systems at a cost low enough to create a large Although the petition criticizes CAB'S market or the institutional arrangements DPFI methodology as "inapproriate protec­ related activities. Over the last three years, government funds for solar energy have in­ needed to ease the introduction of solar-pow­ tion against the impact of an increase in ered systems. oil prices," the generalized "emergency pro­ creased dramatically, reaching about $50 mil­ lion in fiscal 1975. Congress has passed sev­ Nevertheless, the potential payoff of re­ cedures" advanced appear to offer consider­ search and development in solar energy ap­ ably less. In fact, in the absence of substan­ eral bills designed to support solar energy. One of these bills for a $60 million demon­ plications has been recognized and is being tial refinement, chaos in the marketplace supported on a significant scale for the first would be inevitable. stration project for solar-heated and solar­ cooled buildings became Public Law in Sep­ time. Thus, the stage is set to establish and THE ADMINISTRATION'S PLAN tember 1974. Legislation for a one billion examine the options available for solar en­ The suggested procedure would "provide dollar across-the-board effort over five years ergy conversion and assess their technologi­ each carrier the ability to recover its own which would be guided by an Office of Solar cal, economic, and social attractiveness with­ experienced increase in fuel costs." This in Energy Research was enacted in January in the context of a coherent national energy lieu of all carriers recovering the industry­ 1975. policy. wide increase in fuel costs over a given pe­ This nation is not alone in recognizing the SOLAR CLIMATE CONTROL riod. In addition, however, the ability of a potential of solar energy. Japan has an­ The most promising near-term applica­ carrier to recover increased energy costs nounced its "Sunshine Project," for which tion for solar energy is in the heating and would be discretionary. As the Administra­ multibillion dollar expenditures are being cooling of buildings (solar climate control). tion put it, it "would be the last to urge the planned over the next 25 years. Australia At least 100 buildings in the United States Board to rekindle inflationary measures by is planning an expanded solar energy pro­ already include solar heating systems. More­ forcing fare increases upon carriers which gram, and France is setting up an Institute over, several million solar water heaters are may not particularly wish to adopt them." of Solar Energy. The Soviet Union has had in use in many countries. In the United Thus, it recognized that some carriers may and is continuing to pursue a significant States several significant demonstration proj­ prefer to absorb part or all of their increased solar energy development program. ects are in various stages of completion. For energy costs. The degree to which solar energy applica­ example, several schools have been equipped The discretion of a given carrier would also tions can be successfully moved beyond the to use the sun's energy for a portion of their extend to a choice of markets for fare-in­ research and development phase will depend hot water, heating and cooling needs. Pub­ crease relief. Thus, a carrier could raise fares upon many factors. All of these, however, lic buildings, office buildings, and residences in some of its markets and not in others. But relate to the competing alternative energy in many locations are providing information there is a catch. No increase in a market sources available at the various stages of on the degree of success achieved with solar­ could be greater than that needed system­ development and to the cost/ benefit trade­ heated and -cooled buildings. wide. If it takes 3 % across-the-board to offset offs which will have to be made in arriving A substantial fuel saving is possible if an a fuel price hike, then 3 % 1s the maximum at a coherent energy policy. Any energy pol­ increasing percentage of new and existing in any given market. icy must endeavor to satisfy a multitude of buildings is heated and cooled with solar The situation grows more complicated conflicting national objectives, for example, energy. By 1985, the energy consumed for when it is realized each carrier would be the need for energy self-sufficiency versus the household and commercial purposes will guided by his own fuel price results. The need for a clean environment, or the need amount to 21 percent of our total energy use. fare-setter in competitive markets would be to tap new resources to meet a burgeoning If solar energy were used for many of these the one least affected by the fuel price rise. demand for energy versus reducing this de­ applications, more than one-half of the total In addition, it is not immediately clear mand and constraining the forces of infla­ energy used in the year 2000 to heat and cool how the new procedure would prove more tion. Solar energy certainly is abundant buildings could be saved. These savings could responsive mechanically than that now in enough to provide self-sufficiency and clean exceed the yearly amount of oil to be de- September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27483 livered to the United States tnrough the industry; public pressure for environmental sociated with other energy production Alaskan Pipeline. quality; government support for the devel­ methods. A typical solar climate control system (Fig. opment of solar-energy applications; and THE SOLAR CLIMATE CONTROL MARKET 1) includes the following: consumer desire to reduce dependence on The commercial considerations favor the SOla.r Colleotor---'8. means for capturing conventional energy supplies. growth of markets for solar climate control solar thermal radiation in an enclosure with The install!lltion of the equipment for systems which, starting with a few hun­ a glass or plastic cover. Since the cover is heating and cooling buildings and providing dred million dollars per year in the late transparent to the incident solar radiation, hot water presents the consumer with the 1970's, are expected to grow to over a billion but opaque to the re-radiated energy, the need to raise a substantial capital sum for dollars per year in the mid-1980's depending, solar collector, like a greenhouse, serves to the equipment and its installation at a time of course, upon the availability of efficient trap solar energy and turn it into heat. when interest rates are high and mortgage system components and particularly solar Heat Storage System-material which has funds are scarce. Economic conditions today collectors at reasonable cost, control over in­ a high specific heat or experiences a change conspire to prevent the consumer from ap­ stallation costs ·and a continued high level of phase accepts collected solar heat as avail­ preciating the full benefit of this solar en­ of energy costs. The market growth coilld able and allows it to be withdrawn as needed. ergy application, which will depend upon further accelerate if the government takes Source of Supplemental Energy-fuel or the increasing life cycle benefits of saving effective actions to stimulate the market electricity to provide heat during extended fuels. Market-oriented incentives could through a variety of incentives. However, it cloudy periods and to avoid the need for un­ make it easier to purchase solar equipmenrt. is very likely that whether the government economically large colleotion and storage It is apparent that a comparison of costs of takes appropriate actions or not the market faciliities. solar equipment with conventional fuels may will increase, although at a slower growtb Heat-actuated Air Conditioner-a unit not adequately reflect the hidden costs, rate, if industry takes appropriate initiatives thait can be driven by the collected solar whether they be environmental, social or and commits itself to a multifaceted strategy heat. political, which now are not charged against for market entry. Auxiliary Equipment-the necessary pip­ the conventional fuels. As a more representa­ The construction industry, representing ing, controls, heat exchangers, heat transfer tive cost accounting is developed, these hid­ about 10 percent of the nation's Gross Na­ fluid, valves, pumps, motors, etc., to couple den costs will be exposed. Thus, the cost tional Product (GNP) is second only to the the essential elements into an operating sys­ benefits of solar heating and cooling of food industry in the national economy. tem. buildings can be expeoted to become increas­ Building construction represents two-thirds Critical to the success of solar climate con­ ingly favorable as compared with competing of the industry total. The introduction of trol is the combination of the above com­ fuels. solar climate control systems in only a small ponents into systems that are cost effective The basic economic case for substituting fraction of existing buildings and an in­ for the required function, building type and solar energy for competing fuels ls the de­ creasing fraction of new buildings can re­ climatic condition in combination with con­ sirability of substituting capital for these sult in the development of a major new mar­ ventional energy sources. There is a wide non-renewable fuels. The capital costs of ket and an industry devoted to supplying variety of possible system arrangements. the installed solar equipment are largely this market. But market projections for solar These can range from systems which provide made up of labor at the various stages of climate control systems have to be made for hot water and space heating and, with addi­ production of the equipment and compo­ equipment that has not yet been mass-pro­ tional complexity, air-conditioning, to sys­ nents and the installation of the equipment. duced, based on technology which is still in tems using heat pumps to provide heat dur­ Therefore, the application of solar energy an early stage of demonstration, and energy ing the winter and air-condirtioning during embodies human labor together with a cer­ costs and availability subject to substantial the summer. With the exception of heat­ tain amount of materials and requires an in­ volatility. Furthermore, these projections actuated air-conditioning devices, most of vestment in the equipment as opposed to have to be made within the context of a st111 the other technology has already reached the adopting the easier, short-term option of inadequately defined government energy stage where it is ready for commercializa­ continuing to use increasingly scarce fuels. policy and based on the probable reactions of tion. The financial burden and the materials and a diverse, complicated and fragmented con­ COST CONSIDERATIONS energy used in building the solar equipment struction industry to systems not yet fully Solar climate conrtrol systems can be most present themselves clearly at the time of defined. Obviously, since the number of var­ effective when the cost of the heait produced the initial installation. But once solar equip­ iables which will influence the size of this by these systems is low compared to the cost ment is installed, the energy savings achieved market is extremely large, with political ac­ of the conventional energy source it dis­ will continue to be experienced over many tions conceivably having dramatic effect, any places. In general, the cost of the heat pro­ years of operation. market forecasts require assumptions regard­ duced by solar climate control systems will Whether the attractive levels of energy ing the scenarios of the national economy be minimized by low capirtal charges for the savings can be achieved will depend upon and an analysis of the sensitivity of such equipmenot and low amortization rates, by the speed of market penetration and the forecasts Ito possible changes in technical an

Proxmire recently used California psy­ MacArthur's work ls being used as the prin­ on the other 80 per cent? The answer is you chologist David Premack's project on lan­ cipal theoretical guide to the design and don't ever know which project is in the 20 guage learning in chimpanzees to lead a list management of parks and nature reserves, per cent and which is in the 80 per cent." of what he called projects "that would have but its potential value goes far beyond that. It is not Widely known, even in Congress-­ turned. Oltiford Irving green with envy." It even has important implications for hu­ which passed. the law creating the NSF­ "The American taxpayer," declared the man populations. that until 1968 the federal research founda­ Wisconsin senator, "would get a better return Brown, whose student Wilson once was, tion was actually forbidden to finance ap­ on his money if he put it into White Rus­ ls hopping mad. He wrote Proxmire a letter plied research. All its grants were supposed sian bonds." calling the attack "a cheapshot political to go to basic researchers. Now a. proportion What Proxmire didn't know was that Pre­ ploy" that helps undermine public confi­ is required to go into applied research with mack's research, although it was intended dence in science at a. time when science is a definite, practical goal. to be a pure academic investigation of the becoming increasingly important to society. nature of language, turned out to have im­ Proxmire, Bauman and other politicians mediate and enormous value. Thanks to it, who win themselves what Capitol Hill jargon teachers Qf retarded and autistic children calls "a little ink" by such attacks seldom KOKOMO, tND. TRIBUNE SUPPORTS have begun to use new techniques that a.re know more about a project than what they FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE LEGIS­ teaching children to speak who might never read in a list of National Science Foundation have done so. The same methods are helping grants: the title, often in dense scientific LATION adults who have lost the a.b111ty to use lan­ terms, and the a.mount of money. guage because of a stroke. Critics of the study of the sex life of the HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER "Unfair attacks of the most low-level screw worm fly, which ca.used a good deal of kind," Premack called the senator's criticism. merriment in the halls of Congress a. few OF WISCONSIN Scientists generally are furious about the years ago, did not have the foggiest idea of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES philistine roastings they get periodically what they were making fun of. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 from congressmen, but are helpless to do They could easily ha.ve found out, if they much about them. had bothered, that the screw worm fly was Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, Premack wrote Proxmire remonstrating a major pest that has destroyed millions of the Kokomo, Ind., Tribune, in i~ June 6, with him, and got back a letter that a.mount­ dollars worth of cattle in Texas and was 1975 editorial endorsed H.R. 3249, the ed to Proxmire saying he didn't mean to threatening to wipe out that state's herd of Financial Disclosure Act, which Con­ criticize his valuable work-it was some of wild deer. gressman ALAN STEELMAN and I have in­ those other crazy projects he was talking The basic research into the fly's life cycle about. Premack was not mollified by a pri­ made it possible for other scientists to de­ troduced and which has been cospon­ vate apology for a public attack. sign a way of attacking the insect. The screw sored by 135 of our colleagues. The pas­ "It is painful to get this private letter," worm fly, it was found, mates only once in sage of legislation establishing uniform he said. "Proxmire admits that what I'm do­ its life. So millions of male :files were bred financial disclosure reporting standards ing is apparently well justified, but he never and sterilized With radiation. Released in the throughout the Government is essential admits in public that he ma.de this attack areas where the :fiies breed, they mated w1 th if we are to regain public trust. I com­ without justification." female flies. The resul!t: screw worm :fiies a.re no longer numerous, and the damage they mend this editorial to the attention of To date, not one of the congressmen who my colleagues. have put their feet in their mouths has apol­ cause is all but eliminated. ogized publicly to the scientists they ma­ Scientists are ·both embarl"'9.SSed and appre­ CONFLICT OF INTEREST ligned. hensive about having to defend their work A recent Chicago Tribune story asked, Last year, many newspapers carried a se­ on the basis of its practical value. Basic re­ "Who owns stock in at lea.st two public util­ ries of articles by James D. Davidson, exec­ search, they believe, ls valuable for its own ity companies, 15 banks, four major oil com­ utive director of the National Taxpayers sake. panies, several airlines, the phone company, Union. Davidson listed 35 seemingly out­ "People generally have no understanding three natural gas :firms and holds the deed rageous examples of wasteful government of the scientific process," Premack said. "The to one Oklahoma oil well? The answer: spending, many of them on research. public knows only a.bout the applied end. members of the House Ways and Means So many congressmen got letters from con­ Everybody has heard of Jonas Salk. They Committee. stituents about the Davidson articles that don't know the na.me of immunologist John A Congressional Quarterly survey of :finan­ the General Accounting Office, Congress' in­ Franklin Enders, whose work made the Salk cial reports filed by members of the U.S. vestigative agency, was asked to look into vaccine possible." House of Representatives on their 1973 in­ the 35 projects. What the GAO found was Enders received the Nobel Prize in 1954. come showed that 113 had interests in banks, that some of them were years old, some of His studies, especially on culturing polio­ 70 had interests in real estate, and 66 re­ them were grossly misrepresented, the myelitis virus in living tissues, were essential ported holdings in the top 100 defense con­ amount spent on some was exaggerated by to development of the vaccine that has tractor :firms. 10 times or more, and that some never turned polio from an annual summer scourge Another report, by the Government Ac­ existed. into a rare disease. counting Office, noted that 42 employes of One example was a "study to :find out why "You start off with a. very basic problem," the v.s. Geological Survey, the agency which children .fall off tricycles." The GAO discov­ explained Premack. "You are not out to cure determines the value of natural resources for ered that it was a Bureau of Product Safety polio, or heart disease. You are simply fasci­ federal leasing, had financial interests which project, which cost about $20,000, to investi­ nated by a problem, and you can't tell why. con:fiicted with their oftlcial duties. The gate what federal safety standards if any This alone makes you very suspect. study revealed that several USGS employes should be laid down for "Off-the-road" ve­ "People can't imagine how deeply caught had interests in mining companies. hicles like minibikes and trail bikes. Current up in his work a. basic scientist is. He works Most sources of outside income are not regulations cover only vehicles operated on 18 hours a day, seven da.ys a week, until he Ulegal. However, there ls a danger that pub­ public roads. dies. He can't do otherwise. The average per­ lic officials could be caught in a conflict be­ Another example was described as a $70,000 son can't understand being that fascinated tween the possib111ty of private gain and study of the population biology of Indo­ by something. He ca.n't--he is bored himself." their duty to serve the public interest. Australian Ants. The GAO found that this Premack dislikes having to defend his In 1974, all candidates for Congress were one was a 1963 grant to E. 0. Wilson of the chimpanzee research on the basis of the asked by a private organization, Common Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology at practical value it has turned out to have. Cause: "Will you vote for legislation re­ Harvard. "We were simply asking a very basic ques­ quiring annual, public disclosure of :finan­ Davidson could not have picked a worse tion," he said. "What is language? It did cial holdings by members of Congress and turn out to produce actual language training ~xample of a trivia.I and wasteful project. their professional staff, and by high officials On Wilson's :field work, he and Robert H. procedures that a.re being very widely ap­ of the executive and judicial branches of the MacArthur of Princeton found a new prin­ plied." government?" In the 94th Congress, 51 of ciple called equilibrium theory that has But had it not had this result, it would the 60 responding Senators supported the turned out to be-in the words of Cornell still, Premack believes, have been worth leg.islation while 269 of the responding Rep­ entomologist William L. Brown-''the cen­ while. resentatives did, also. tral idea of modern ecology." Scientists believe that, in the end, all Personal :financial disclosure bills that Equilibrium theory makes it possible to knowledge is worth having. Good basic re­ have been introduced include HR 3249, of­ search Will always have value-somewhere, fered by Reps. Robert Kastenmeier (D-Wis.) predict, with great accuracy, how many kinds some time. of organisms can co-exist on a given piece of and Alan Steelman (R-Tex.) and S 181, spon­ "About 20 per cent of the research we sored by Sens. Philip Hart (D-Mich.} and land. l!t also can foretell what organisms a.re finance," said public affairs officer Jack Cltiford Case (R-N.J.) and Lowell Weicker doomed to extinction, and how long it will Renirie of the National Science Foundation, (R-Conn.). be untll they are extinct. "turns out to have immediate practical ap­ There are presently financial disclosure "A totally unexpected concept, a genuine plications. People joke With us-why don't guidelines for all branches of go\.oernment, breakthrough," declared Brown. Wilson and we Just finance that pa.rt and save money but they are sketchy. weak and require little 27486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 public discLosure. The Congressional code of statements and of the nature and extent of ments shall be transmitted to the Congress. ethics requires public reporting only of con­ Commission compliance with section 35. It Ful"ther pTovision is made thalt;: tributions and gifts received by congress­ further provides that the Comptroller Gen­ "Such regulations shall take effect 90 legis­ men. The legislation now before Congress eral will submi.t to Congress a report on such lative days after such transmittal ... unless is aimed at correcting these deficiencies. It study and review together with his recom­ either House of (Jongress by resolution of would require all elected officials, candidates mendations as to the necessity or advisabil­ disapproval, pursuant to procedures estab­ for office, persons in government making ity of the provisions of section 35, and the lished by chapter 35, title 44, United States more than $25,000 annually, and generals and need to amend subsection (k) or any other Code ... disapproves such regulations.... " admirals to file comprehensive disclosure provision of the section. The last sentence Under section 3512 of chapter 35, title 44, statements. of section 35 (i) requires the Comptroller United States Code, the General Accounting Those covered by the legislation would General, if he determines the assumptions in Office is responsible for reviewing the collec­ have to file annual reports of their assets, any statement submitted to him pursuant to tion of information required by independent liabilities, holdings in securities, commod­ subsection (a) of section 35 are inaccurate, Federal regulatory agencies to assure that ities or real estate in excess of $1,000, and incomplete or unjustified to so report to the information required by such agencies ls income and gifts over $100. committees of the Senate and House having obtained with a minimum burden upon busi­ It may be a long time before such laws jurisdiction over the Commission. ness enterprises and other persons required with teeth in them are enacted, but a good Concerning the provisions in section 35 ( i) to furnish the information. Also, we are re­ many people think they should be. that we submit the required report to the quired to determine whether information Congress and include therein our recom­ sought to be furnished by proposed regula­ mendations on certain specified matters, tions is unnecessarily duplicative of other these purposes can be achieved within the information filed with other Federal agen­ CONSUMER PRODUCTS SAFETY legal authority already provided our Office cies and departments. Pursuant to this au­ COMMISSION by law, and hence, it would not be necessary thority we have assumed authority for re­ to include such language in the bill. view, generally, of regulations issued by the With respect to the last sentence of sec­ CPSC and would expect to exercise the same HON. JOHN J. RHODES tion 35 ( i) requiring the Comptroller Gen­ responsibility over the regulations proposed eral to review cost benefit statements sub­ OF ARIZONA by section 35(f) to the extent section 3512 mitted to him pursuant to section 35(a), we of title 44 supra is applicable. This being the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would review such statements in carrying out case, we believe the reference to chapter 35 Wednesday, September 3, 1975 our statutory duties on a sample basis as a of title 44 is ambiguous and misleading. matter of course and would analyse the accu­ Insofar as congressional action pursuant Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, the Comp­ racy, completeness and justification of the "to procedures established by chapter 35 of troller General of the United States has statements. The requirement that we review title 44" supra, we find nothing in the cited sent me a letter communi ca ting his views all statements filed pursuant to section 35(a) chapter of title 44 calling for congressional on the Consumer Product Safety Com­ would result in substantial additional work­ review of regulations promulgated by regu­ load for our Office and have an adverse im­ latory agencies. mission legislation, S. 644 and H.R. 6844. pact on our ability to carry out all our statu­ Specifically, the Comptroller General In view of the foregoing, we recommend tory duties. deletion of the reference to chapter 35, title seeks to inform Members of his views Considering the foregoing we recommend on the Senate-passed version prior to 44, United States Code. that the last sentence of section 35(a) and Also, the second sentence of subsection (f) the consideration of H.R. 6844 by the the last three sentences of section 35(i) be refers to "recommendations submitted to the House. deleted from the bill as passed by the Senate. Commission by the Office of Management At the request of the General Account­ A proposed section 35 (a) as passed by the and Budget and the General Accounting ing Office, a copy of the letter is inserted Senate provides that: Office" as the basis for issuance of the sub­ in the RECORD for the benefit of all "(f) The Commission shall issue, pursuant ject regulations. We find no other reference Members: to the provisions of this subsection, regula­ to or explanation of this provision. If it is AUGUST 4, 1975. tions providing guidelines as to the nature intended that this Office make recommenda­ Hon. JOHN J. RHODES, and content of any cost and benefit assess­ tions of the kind suggested, we believe the Minority Leader, ment statement required by subsection (a) provision should be clarified. Otherwise we House of Representatives. and insuring that information deemed by it recommend that the sentence be deleted. DEAR MR. RHODES: Our attention has been to be necessary or appropriate to the prepa­ Sincerely yours, called to the likelihood that the bill H.R. ration of any such cost and benefit assess­ ELMER B. STAATS, 6844, 94th Congress, Consumer Product Safe­ ment statement shall be obtained. Such reg­ Comptroller General of the United ty Commission Improvement Act of 1975, ulations shall be issued by the Commission States. will be before the House of Representatives upon recommendations submitted to the for consideration in the near future. On Fri­ Commission by the Office of Management day, July 18, the Senate passed a companion and Budget and the General Accounting Of­ bill, S. 644, which, as amended on the floor fice. * * *. The Commission shall provide COLOMBIA-PROGRESSIVE of the Senate, contains provisions affecting public notice of proposed rulemaking to im­ DEMOCRACY the work of this Office on which we· wish plement this subsection within 60 days of to offer the following comments. the effective date of this Act, and shall issue Section 11 of the bill as passed by the regulations implementing this subsection HON. JAMES M. COLLINS Senate contains a new section 35 of the within 180 days of the effective date of this OF TEXAS Consumer Product Safety Act, 15 U.S.C. Act. After issuance of any regulations imple­ menting this section, the Commission shall IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES §§ 2051 et seq., Cong. Rec. S13041 (daily edi­ tion, July 18, 1975), entitled "Cost and Ben­ transmit them to the Congress, together with Wednesday, September 3, 1975 efit Assessment Statements," whioh proposes all recommendations submitted to the Com­ mission pursuant to this subsection. Such Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, to require the Consumer Product Safety during this past month I had the op­ Commission (CPSC) to prepare a cost and regulations shall take etfeet 90 legislative benefit assessment statement with respect to days after such transmittal to the Congress portunity to visit Colombia which is a any rule governed by 5 U.S.C. 553(b) which by the Commission, unless either House of country growing stronger year by year. is likely to have a substantial economic im­ Congress by resolution of disapproval, pur­ I visited Bogota and Medellin which are pact. The last sentence of 35(a) provides suant to procedures established by chapter two of its greatest cities. that before releasing any cost and benefit 35, title 44, United States Code, and by sec­ I enjoyed my conversations with U.S. statement to the public, the agency shall tion 1017 of the Congressional Budget and Ambassador Vaky as he is so enthusiastic transmit to the Comptroller General such Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (31 U.S.C. 1407), disapproves such regulations, except about Colombia and the future of the statement and any appendix thereto which country. He believes Colombia's greatest indicates the assumption made regarding the that Congress may by concurrent resolution means and attendant costs of compliance modify such regulations within such 90-day strength is the Republic under which with the proposed rulemaking, including an-y period, in which case such regulations shall they live and the successful two-party manufacturer's costs and consumer costs re­ take effect in such modified form." (Italic balanced government they maintain. flected in the price of any product affected supplied.) Colombia has a strong middle class. by such rules. ' With respect to the language of this sec­ They have a well-educated, aggressive Section 35 (i) provides that the Comp­ tion invoking provisions of chapter 35 of title citizenship. With the rising coffee prices troller General shall monitor and evaluate 44, United States Code, as amended by Pub. they should experience good years ahead. the implementation of section 35, and in ad­ L. No. 93-153, approved November 16, 1973, dition, 3 years after the effective date of the we offer the following comment. I was especially interested in Ambas­ section conduct a comprehensive review The section requires that the regulations sador Vaky's strong support of Co­ thereof including an evaluation of the ad­ to be issued to provide guidelines as to the lombia's free enterprise system. With vantages of cost and benefit assessment nature and content of cost and benefit state- many countries sliding downhill into September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27487 nationalized socialism, Colombia moves CONNECTICUT YOUNG CITIZEN'S mission to figure out how many plants are forward with private industry growing CORPS: A PROPOSAL needed to cover an area through the use of and becoming more efficient. Colombia's basic mathematics. C. The colleges, acting through their co­ strong middle class and efficient, well­ HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT ordinators will undertake to provide the fol­ trained business executives are the base lowing services: OF CONNECTICUT of Colombia's growth. The Communists 1. Initial contact interview With corps­ are inactive there. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people. As the United States reviews the Wednesday, September 3, 1975 2. Placement testing, both academic and changing conditions in the world, we vocational. need to reassess who are our true and de­ Mr. MOFFET!'. Mr. Speaker, I have 3. Arrangements with agencies for work pendable friends. I agree with Ambassa­ suggested on several occasions that we assignments; or develop special work assign­ ought to look seriously at the possibility ments. dor Vaky who speaks so highly of the im­ 4. Plan and conduct programs of educa­ portance to us of Latin America and the of reviving the Civilian Conservation Corps as a means for reducing unemploy­ tional development to parallel the work as­ great strength of the progressive Re­ signments, so that corpspeople are ready for public of Colombia. Colombia is a friend ment. The environmental and economic entrance to college, possibly in advanced in whom we are all proud. benefits of such a program are obvious, status, upon termination of the two-year but I think we should note as well the enrollment. educational value. 5. Schedule regular conferences on aca­ When the corps was created in the demic progress. SOUTH BOSTON MARSHALS early 1930's, it was heralded as an un­ 6. Arrange transition to college enrollment employment measure, and a very success­ or permanent employment at end of the corps enrollment. HON. JOE MOAKLEY ful one it proved to be, providing useful D. Activities of the corps connected with work for 3 million persons over a 3-year the community college: OF MASSACHUSETTS period. But it was not very long after 1. No activity undertaken by the corps will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its inception that the corps began to em­ be in a job field ordinarily held by a salaried Wednesday, September 3, 1975 phasize the development of self-expres­ employee or wage earner: the corps is not sion, mental ability, and an understand­ used to displace workers. Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise ing of prevailing social and economic 2. All corps assignments will be for public today to bring attention to a very cour­ conditions, with the aim of improving agencies and for the public good. ageous group of people in my district-­ 3. A major emphasis of the corps units will those conditions. be the improvement of services, including the 9th Congressional District of Massa­ Although it ended in 1942, the corps chusetts. I am referring to the more than services connected with the environment in very nearly became a permanent pro­ the state. The wide geographic spread of com­ 200 South Boston volunteer marshals gram. I, for one, wish that it had, and munity colleges would provide maximum who took part in keeping the situation at am looking into the possibilities for creat­ flexibility for corpspeople to work in a large Carson Beach in South Boston from ing a new program along the lines of city or rural area in all parts of the state. turning into a riot. the Civilian Conservation Corps. In the Potential projects include: working with so­ Let me take a few steps back and re­ hopes that it will prompt some discus­ cial service agencies, especially ones con­ cerned with the handicapped and the aged; late the incidents that took place on sion of the subject, I am placing in the August 10 at Carson Beach. On that development of recreational area in the state RECORD a most interesting and thought­ parks: development of hiking and bike paths Sunday 4,000 whites and 2,000 blacks provoking proposal recently form~lated in the state and local parks; reforestation of faced each other at a demonstration on by several community colleges in Con­ areas ravaged by caterpillars, and replanting the beach. A confrontation was begin­ necticut. The proposal follows: of trees in towns hard-hit by Dutch Elms ning to take place in that objects were CONNECTICUT YOUNG CITIZEN'S CORPS: disease; clean-up of rivers and streams; etc. being thrown and insults were being ex­ A PROPOSAL E. Experimental living-learning centers: changed. At this crucial point the police The Connecticut community colleges are The work and learning related to the corps intervened along with more than 200 enthusiastic about the proposal to provide program would dramatically increase if se­ South Boston volunteer marshals who lected corps people could live together with an organized employment/ education program their coordinator in two to four experimen­ wore yellow armbands. for unemployed young citizens of Connecti­ tal living-learning centers throughout the These marshals worked all afternoon cut, ages 16 through 19, as put forward by Mayor John Thompson and adouted in the state of Connecticut. These experimental to make certain that no actual violence centers would provide the total environment erupted. Although injuries occurred, they 1974 platform of the Democratic party of this state. necessary for dramatic changes in the devel­ were minor compared to the potential In order to move the platform statement opment of positive attitudes necessary for danger of this type of situation. The and Mayor Thompson's proposal in the direc­ progress in a college. These experimental liv­ marshals worked steadily to see that an tion of implementation, the Connecticut ing-learning centers could be built through actual violent confrontation did not take community colleges hereby indicate their the activities of the initial corpspeople in place, and they were highly successful. willingness to engage in negotiations to oper­ rehabilitating housing or other smllar struc­ tures as living uniU!I in the vicinity of their The marshals were organized by the ate such a program, and offers this initial proposal for a format within which it would home college. These rehabilitated structures South Boston Information Center. They then would be available as living centers for worked on that Sunday under the direc­ undertake to conduct such a program. A. The community colleges will act as the corps as long as it existed in that area. tion of Mr. Warren Zaniboni, who is a prime sponsors for the supervision and coor­ By rehabilitating structures, the corps will volunteer member of the center and re­ dination of the program for separate modules be learning marketable skills. To furnish the sides in our district. I want to especially of community corpspeople, ea.ch group num­ living centers, the corps would rebuild and commend this individual for his peace­ bering no more than 15 with each group refinish second-hand furniture, again learn­ ing marketable skills at little cost to the keeping efforts. assigned a full-time professional coordinator for the two-year period of enrollment of the state. In addition, the corpspeople would be This incident at Carson Beach began expected to perform all household duties, in­ several days of violence in a variety of corpspeople. B. The college coordinators will have back­ cluding the governance of their living-learn­ forms. In all of this turmoil, we tend to grounds which include work with youths. ing centers. Budgeting, cooking, and house­ forget the positive aspects of a negative They also will have a broad educational back­ hold work and control thereof would be uti­ incident. These marshals are the posi­ ground covering basic instruction in appro­ lized as teaching opportunities. This value of tive aspect. priate areas. Further, they must be in good work and in its totality as a contribution to These are the people who restored physical condition so they can work directly society wm develop positive attitudes about order to confusion. These are the people with the members of the corps on projects. work self. They will therefore be expected to be on the F. Costs. who attempted to be fair in the middle of 1. College costs, and hence contract rate, turbulence. And, these are the people job site a great majority of the time super­ vising the corpspeople and actually working would be approximately $20,000 per each 15 who showed courage during a potentially on the project. It would be the direct respon­ cor1;>speople group or fraction thereof per dangerous situation. They volunteered sibility of the coordinator to structure pe­ year. This cost would include the salary of their time and showed outstanding abil­ riodic educational activities both at the job the coordinator and all other college services ity during the Carson Beach incident. We site and if possible on the campus. An ex­ to the corpspeople. of South Boston owe them a great deal ample of the former would be gathering the 2. College costs, and hence contract rate, would be approximately $3,000 per corps per- of thanks. entire corps together while on an ecological 27488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 son in 15 corpspeople groups for the four from the previous year and the admin­ provision for a 5-percent, 40-year loan to experimental live-in groups. In addition, istration's recommendations. small farmers who are having ditficulty $10,000 would be needed to lease and equip Through this increased funding, con­ meeting Environmental Protection Agen­ a living unit for each sub corpspeople group cy water standards. formed. servation measures can reach a higher This proposal is respectfully submitted to degree of coordination between Federal, I strongly supported this measure be­ the President and the Executive Director of State, and local levels, with, hopefully, cause I believe that this kind of assist­ the Board of Trustees for Regional Commu­ greater input from local officials and ance is definitely needed not only for nity Colleges for discussion and modification. less bureaucratic strangulation from the the success of the overall program but Federal Government. to offset additional costs for farmers. Funds have also been provided under With these funds, programs can be put this legislation for investigations and into motion faster and operate more ef­ AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION surveys of watersheds to serve as a guide fectively. PROGRAM to balance, develop, and coordinate up­ The additional funding to the agri­ stream agricultural aspects with down­ cultural conservation program, the stream aspects. Farmers Home Aaministration and the HON. ALLAN T. HOWE The Department of Agriculture has es­ funding provided in the appropriations OF UTAH timated that there is an overall loss of 5 bill for the Department of the Interior, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tons of topsoil per acre per year. This is will no doubt continue to preserve our Wednesday, September 3, 1975 not only a loss of precious productive environment and natural resources now farmland but it also creates a heavier and for the future. Mr. HOWE. Mr. Speaker, I fail to see sediment buildup. Proper plruming can any reasoning behind a legislative deci­ help reduce this severe damage that re­ sion which would take money away from sult.6 from flooding or sediment disposal. an area that is designed to improve the The agricultural conservation pro­ environment in which we live. When the gram has also helped coordinate irriga­ DESTRUCTION IN THE DESERT administration made its recommenda­ tion methods in my own State of Utah. tions for agricultural appropriations for Because the State is situated in a desert fiscal year 1976, the budget, like previous region, water has always been of vital HON. ALPHONZO BELL budgets under Presidents Ford and concern to residents. Water runoff dur­ OF CALIFORNIA Nixon, failed to request funds for the ing the spring months must be carefully IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agricultural conservation program. monitored and preserved to be fairly al­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Fortunately, the House o: Representa­ located for crop and livestock mainte­ tives was of a different mind and not only nance. Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I would like reinstated those funds but increased Under the funding provisions of the to call to the attention of my colleagues them in the recently passed appropria­ program, each State receives moneys an excellent editorial published in the tions bill for the Department of Agricul­ based on individual needs. Utah's allot­ Los Angeles Times concerning the grad­ ture. This same course has been neces­ ment in 1975 was $178 million and should ual destruction of the fragile California sary other years as well. be close to that figure for fiscal 1976. desert. It has been brought to my attention Some of the funds, of course, will go for The editorial supports the legislative that some feel Congress has neglected irrigation improvement and/or reorgani­ efforts of my friend and distinguished environmental considerations in the zation. colleague, Congresswoman SHIRLEY PET­ drive to ~ncrease our energy resources. Not only has the agricultural appro­ TIS, to stop this wanton and reckless de­ On the contrary, the Congress has tried priations bill given more funds for soil struction of the California desert with its to reach a balance between the utiliza­ and water conservation, but the Interior wealth of ecological, historical, archeo­ tion of our energy reserves and the pro­ appropriations bill also makes funds logical, and recreational assets. tection of our environment through pas­ available to the Bureau of Land Manage­ The text of the editorial follows: sage of legislation which provides funds ment for the development of a compre­ DESTRUCTION IN THE DESERT to protect the natural resources we have hensive rangeland improvement pro­ Continuing motorcycle vandalism and now, as well as increase our energy gram. ravages by other off-road vehicles point up potential. the need for speedy congressional action to At the present time, the BLM, in con­ protect and preserve California's fragile Through the agricultural conservation junction with livestock operators, de­ desert and its priceless cultural resources. program and the work of the Soil Con­ velops and restores grazing land through Earlier this year, motorcyclists deliberately servation Service and its nationwide dis­ an allotment management planning pro­ destroyed a prehistoric Indian intaglio in tricts, conservation matters have been gram. The benefits of this program are the desert floor near El Centro. The vandals given priority treatment. The coordina­ not only realized through improvement tore down part of a fence and then rode tion efforts by the agricultural conserva­ or availability of additional grazing their bikes in circles over the series of large tion program between Federal and State lands, but it also improves wildlife habi­ geometric designs, which may be 5,000 .years agencies, as well as adjustments in the old. There have been scattered, less flagrant tate by planting trees, grass and other incidents since then, but the Bureau of Land use of land, has helped to a void severe plants and stabilizes the soil to improve Management doesn't know exactly how damage to precious soil and water re­ watershed capabilities. many, because it has only 27 rangers to sources. Also, by effectively reducing pol­ The additional funding to the BLM patrol the 16 million acres of dese.rt in the lution in outlying rural areas, such as budget will provide the extra assistance state. They have no arrest powers. sedimentation buildup, the conservation necessary to coordinate a program to Many ope-rators of off-road vehicles are measures have helped major rivers and preserve our soil and water resources, so cooperative, but too many are not; for them. harbors near our cities. "friendly persuasion" is a waste of tim ~- It important to the economy of the State would, in fact, endanger the lives of the un­ It is these kinds of advantages· which of Utah. armed and undermanned ranger force. The clearly point to the need for a sound con­ SOU and water conservation is not only rangers must be given arrest authority .uid servation program. Decisions on how we helpful but necessary if we are to main­ their ranks substantially increased if they can best use our land, what its capabili­ tain natural resources for future genera­ are to cope with the problem. ties are, and what type of treatments are tions, but complying with these meas­ One hopeful sign is that a House subcom­ best for its protection and improvement, ures has placed a burden on farmers, mittee has completed the markup of a bill have been made at the conservation level. who, like everyone else, are struggling by Rep. Shirley Pettis (R-Loma Linda) that The conservation programs, however, would provide funds for planning and for a under the pressures of inflation. larger ranger force with added police pow­ have operated at a disadvantage and the To combat this program, an amend­ ers. The measure would become part of an funds they have previously received have ment to the Agriculture appropriations organic a.ct covering public land policy and not met their needs, particularly in areas bill, offered by Representative JOHN management. While other parts of that of personnel. BURTON, Democrat of California, was omnibus measure may produce controversy, In the recently passed appropriations passed providing additional funding to the Pettis provisions should not. bill, there is an increase in funding for Wanton destruction of artifacts has long the Farmers Home Administration for been a problem in desert management. Con­ conservation over last year but a total their revolving loan fund for soil and gress should not delay in correcting the decrease in spending for the entire bill water conservation use. There is also a situation. September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27489 DEREGULATION Our Nation's oil industry is slowing to a time-study and job evaluation specialist, a halt due to the many uncertainties for his international union in May 1944, and created by the lack of an energy policy has remained on its staff to this day. HON. BILL ARCHER He was appointed to his present post of upon which basic business decisions can area director in 1950. The bulk of the UAW OF TEXAS be made. Supply contracts that should membership in his jurisdiction is employed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be signed and investments that could be at General Motors' Chevrolet plants in the Wednesday, September 3, 1975 made will not be acted upon as long as Buffalo area, at GM's Harrison Radiator there is a possibility that price controls plants in Lockport and Buffalo and at Ford Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, .on August will be reinstated or that prices might Motor's Buffalo stamping plant. 31, 1975, the Emergency Petroleum Allo­ be rolled back to arbitrary levels. The Mr. Troidl, who lives at 109 E. Campus Dr., cation Act of 1973 expired and with it current energy situation is characterized Snyder, has held, and still holds, a number o~ nonpaying positions on governmental, died the authority of the executive by indecision and inaction. civic and community boards, agencies and branch to control the price of domestic The Congress has failed to produce a committees, including the Erie County di· oil and to allocate petroleum supplies. viable energy program. We must now rectorship of the Western Regional Off-Track I heartily applaud the end of price rely on the force of supply and demand Betting Corp. controls on domestic oil. It is a positive in a marketplace unencumbered by re­ He has been active for years on the political step forward in our national effort to strictive controls to provide a renewed scene, and currently is a member of the promote additional exploration for new vigor to our exploration and production Executive Board of the Erie County Demo· oil supplies. No action yet taken by the efforts. cratic Committee. Congress or the executive branch will do A Presidential veto of S. 1849 is war­ more to provide the necessary incentives ranted and necessary. I urge and whole­ for the increased production of oil which heartedly support such a course of RESULTS OF THE 1975 QUESTION­ is essential to our Nation's economic and action. NAffiE strategic interests. This is an action that will be welcomed by most Americans. A comprehensive na­ HAROLD C. TROIDL RETIRES FROM HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI tional energy program is the top priority UAW DffiECTOR'S POST OF ILLINOIS of the American people. Nothing should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be more apparent to my colleagues in the Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Congress as they return to Washington HON. HENRY J. NOWAK OF NEW YORK Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am from their districts across the country. very proud of the great resPonse of my After talking with my constituents and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES constituents again this year to my an­ reading their letters, I can testify that Wednesday, September 3, 1975 nu~l questionnaire. In my 1975 poll, there is no more important issue to them. which has now been tabulated, the resi­ A July 1975 sampling of national opin­ Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, for over a quarter of a century Harold C. Troidl dents of the Fourth District of Illinois ion by Louis Harris showed 54 percent indicated what issues are of most im­ of all Americans favored deregulation has served ably as director of the United Auto Workers western New York district. portance to them not only in their re­ when asked the question "Would you sponse to the questions, but in the addi­ favor or oppose deregulation of the price His expertise in union matters was earned over many years as he worked tional comments they made. Since the of all oil produced in the United States issues of greatest concern to my con­ if this would encourage development of up through the ranks, and he is highly respected by labor and management stituents are of national and interna­ oil production here at home?" Only 22 ti~mal significance, I take this opportu­ percent of those polled were opposed. alike, as well as by the civic and com­ munity officials with whom he has worked mty to share the results of my question­ This is a dramatic increase over the April naire with my colleagues. 1975 results which showed 46 percent on so many projects. Harold Troidl has announced his re­ Three issues drew an overwhelming re­ favoring deregulation and 31 percent op­ sponse both in the replies to questions posed and a complete reversal of the tirement on October 1, 1975, and his leadership will be greatly missed. Yet I directed to these subjects and in the per­ July 1974 sampling which showed 29 per­ so:ial comments of the citizens of my dis­ cent favoring deregulation and 42 per­ am sure he has the gratitude of the countless people he has assisted through trict. They were alarmed at excessive cent opposed. spending by the Federal Government· the The American people have reached a the years and their very best wishes for a happy and leisurely retirement. As part failure of Congress to deal with en'ergy conclusion that should have been appar­ and economic problems facing this coun­ -ent to their elected officials in Washing­ of my remarks I am inserting a recent article from the Buffalo Evening News: try; and the menace Posed by crime ton. Controls on oil prices only serve to which is being compounded by ineffective distort the functioning of our free en - TROIDL PLANS RETIREMENT F'Ro:M UAW handling of lawbreakers by the courts. terprise system and their removal pro­ (By Ed Kelly) The results on the question "Do you vides the most effective and immediate Harold C. Troidl, director of the 55,000- believe the Federal Government should means of providing incentive for our Na­ member Western New York district of the reduce its budget even if it means de­ tion's energy industry to invest the bil­ independent United Auto Workers, today an­ nounced that he will retire from his union creasing spending on programs you lions of dollars needed to stimulate in­ post 5>n Oct. 1. value?" indicated that 77 percent favored creased exploration and production. It will be an early retirement for the vet­ such reduction. On the question "Do you The President is now faced with a eran labor leader, who is 62. Because of the have confidence in Congress ability to critical choice--will he sign the legisla­ large UAW membership in this area, Mr. deal effectively with the problems of to­ tion passed by Congress extending price Troidl 's directorship-which he has held for day's economy?'', only 19 percent an­ ~ontrols and allocation authority until the Last 25 years--macle him one of the most swered in the affirmative. An amazing 80 March 1, 1976, or will he veto this meas­ influential trade unionists in the community. percent favored legislation to require ure? I strongly urge the President to His successor will be appointed soon by UAW Regional Director Martin Gerber of courts to set a minimum sentence of 20 veto S. 1849. Cranford, N .J. years for any crime where a gun is used. A 6-month extension of controls is not Informed observers believe the appoint­ The tabulation for the complete 1975 the answer to our energy dilemma-it is ment will go to Thomas Natchuras of the questionnaire sent to residents of the a de facto admission that the Congress Town of Tonawanda, a UAW international Fourth District of Illinois follows: has no energy policy. We cannot reason­ representative who works with the local REsULTS OF 1975 QUESTIONNAIRE­ ably expect any large-scale commitment unions at General Motors plants in th~ area. FOURTH DISTRICT Mr. Troidl, a native Buffa.Ionian, began -0f funds for exploration by private en­ [In percent] terprise when there is no long-term pric­ working when he was 13 years old. Years later, while employed in the Houdaille plant, 1. Do you believe the Federal Government ing structure in existence from which he helped organize its work force into the should reduce its budget even if it meant revenue expectations can be realistically UAW, l&ter serving as bargaining committee­ decreasing spending on programs you value? projected. We cannot expect any in­ man and executive board member of its Local Yes ------77 crease in exploration so long as there are 850. No ------14 no incentives for investment. He went to work, on special assignment as Not sure______9 27490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 2. Is it important that our nation achieve The great historic role of legislatures gen­ Bolivia is a country with progressive self-sufficiency in energy supply? erally has been to check the arbitrary or ca­ pricious exercise of power by the executive leadership. All the reports I received on Yes ------88 branch and it is chiefly on the basis. I be­ President Banzer were excellent. During No ------6 Not sure______6 lieve, that one should attempt to gauge con­ the past 4 years Gen. Hirgo Banzer gressional performance. Admittedly, this role Suarez has led the country with a keen 3. Do you feel the Federal Government lacks drama and may suggest to some "second understanding of economics and social should continue providing price supports for class citizenship" for the Congress vis a vis development. Everyone reported the ag1ricultural commodities? the Executive. At the same time, if Congress President to be a hard worker who Yes ------19 failed to fulfill this role, we might as well traveled extensively to the far corners of No ------62 scrap the constitution and all notions of re­ Not sure______19 sponsible government. his rugged country. He is honest and has Unless party discipline and responsibility selected capable associates. 4. Should the U.S. guarantee the security are strengthened (unlikely), and the party Bolivia shows more fiscal common­ of Israel? caucus wtilized effectively, I seriously doubt sense in managing their budget than we Yes ------20 that the Congress will be able to assure pol­ do in the U.S. Congress. Even in the No ------61 icy initiative or to mount comprehensive in­ sharply falling price of their major ex­ Not sure------19 tegrated public programs. Members of Con­ port, tin, they have been able to maintain 5. In general, public employees are not gress, moreover, like most layman, are at the informational mercy of the "professionals" a balanced budget. In checking, I found allowed to strike. Should this basic policy Bolivia now has a historically high level be maintained? and the "semi-professionals" within and without government. It is impossible, for ex­ of net foreign exchange reserves in the Yes ------76 ample, for the layperson to comprehend mili­ amount of $140 million. NotNo ------sure______177 tary appropriation for defense needs in term& La Paz surprised me. I found the cli­ of actual strategic and tactical problems. In mate delightful despite the high altitude. 6. Do you think laws should be changed the final analysis, our information for defense The air was clear and I felt good. The to permit private businesses, as well as the needs is supplied by the professional military, scenery was superb. Postal Service, to deli~er first-class mail? and such other information sources that may be available to the layperson rarely supports I give General Banzer a large share of Ye? ------67 the credit for building Bolivia's stability. No ------24 any viable alternative. Similar observations Not sure______9 could be made to medical delivery systems, Although they have entered the oil busi­ urban problems, energy, or virtually any other ness, they have not sought participation 7. Do you believe the U.N. is effective in complex policy area. in OPEC. In addition, the United States maintaining world peace? Please understand I am not arguing that has excellent business relations as shown Yes ------12 input by public professionals should be abol~ by our 144-percent increase in our exports No ------71 ished. The issue, however, is alternative Not sure ______. ----- 17 sources of information available to the Con­ to Bolivia. We have also shown a big in­ gressmen. Stated in the form of question, crease in our share of Bolivian imports. 8. Legislation has been introduced which I had two visits with Jorge Lonsdale would require courts to set a minimum sen­ how well does Congress utilize alternative in­ formation sources that are presently avail­ who is president of Bolivia's Confedera­ tence of 20 years for any crime where a gun able, and, would a general extension of al­ tion of Businessmen. His solid support for is used. Do you support this approach as a ternative information sources assist a Con­ crime deterrent? General Banzer comes from the coopera­ gressman to perform more effectively? tion the government has given private Yes ------80 Given the multiple demands upon a Con­ business to grow and expand. It is al­ gressman's time, I would conjecture that the NotNo ------sure______137 ways refreshing to find a political leader expansion of alternative information sources requiring additional staff ls simply not a who encourages job opportunities and 9. Do you have confidence in Congress' business growth. ability to deal effectively with the problems meaningful answer for redefinition of the in­ of today's economy? dividual congressman's role. As an aside, Bolivia needs 25 years to reach its eco­ moreover, having read a variety of congres­ nomic potential. There will not be tech­ Yes ------19 sional committee hearings and reports on nical jobs in industry available until No ------64 Not sure______17 various subjects, I believe Congress probably Bolivia develops its roads and improves does a better job in obtaining information than most people realize. the railroads for better transportation. It is probably unfortunate that Congress­ Bolivia is our friend. Ambassador Sted­ men as well as agencies of the executive man has strong confidence in the stabil­ WEST VIRGINIA DEAN ADDS TO branch tend to reflect specialized interests of ity of Bolivia. The United States shares DIALOG particular constituencies. As much as any­ in the pride of achievement of our Latin thing else, constituency orientation tends to American neighbors. reinforce subject matter specialization. Short HON. PAUL SIMON of abandoning subject matter standing com­ OF ILLINOIS mittees and pursuing the model such as is utilized in the British House of Commons, GASOLINE PRICES AND COMMON­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or rotwting a portion of the congressmen Wednesday, September 3, 1975 periodically among the various standing com­ SENSE mittees, I see no real means by which overt Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, Prof. David speciali:ziation can be overcome. HON. JOHN J. RHODES G. Temple, chairman of the Department While the well rounded or "generalist" con­ of Political Science at West Virginia Uni­ gressman may be "a thing muchly to be de­ OF ARIZONA versity, has joined others in responding sired," I doubt its feasib11ity in the real and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the call for discussion on the future of practical world of Americ·an politics. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 this Nation in this Bicentennial year. I Sincerely yours, am pleased to present hL~ observations: DAVID G. TEMPLE, Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, there has WEST VmGINlA UNIVERSITY, Chairman and Professor. been an excessive amount of clamor and Morgantown, W. Va., June 17, 1975. claim being circulated about gasoline Hon. PAUL SIMON, prices. Some have prognosticated enor­ Longworth House Office Building, mous increases in the price of gasoline Washington, D.O. BOLIVIA-GOOD PEOPLE under any decontrol program. Most of DEAR CONGRESSMAN SIMON: Clearly mem­ these exaggerated statements have been bers of the Congress are "specialized" and, less predictions than political agitations equally clear, Congress has lost "policy ini­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS aimed at stirring up consumer wrath tiative" to the Executive. However, I would OF TEXAS be inclined to argue, although I will not do against the Nation's oil companies, and so here, that (a) specialization is unfortu­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES at the same time camouflaging the fail­ nate but probably necessary in view of the Wednesday, September 3, 1975 ure of Congress to enact a sensible and scope and complexity of governmental ac­ workable oil and energy package .. tivity and (b) the role of the Congress in Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, The Union Oil Co. ran an advertise­ policy initiation probably should be confined during this past month, I visited Bolivia ment in many of the Nation's publica­ to prodding the executive to action and ex­ and was impressed with their good peo­ tions, pledging restraint in gasoline ploring ramifications and alternatives to ex­ ple. Here is a country that is a solid prices, and pointing out that decontroI ecutive proposals. friend of the United States. is the best path to stimulate exploration September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27491 and development of new oil resources the people of this Nation to realize that the controlled-to $11.50 it effectively defers country needs. This is a fine example of energy crisis has not gone away and inflation and the resultant recessionary corporate responsibility, and contrasts probably never will. The price of gaso­ forces until 1977 and 1978, which con­ sharply with the irresponsible and wild line is still much higher than it was in veniently follow an election year. But, statements made without recoU«"se to 1973. And while there is not now a world Mr. Speaker, inflation at any time is still fact or reality. shortage of oil, an uneasiness exists that undesirable. I urge my colleagues to read this ad, if the Arab countries shut off our foreign The question we all have to ask our­ which injects a note of commonsense oil again we are going to be in very deep selves is whether it is necessary to create into what has become a confused and po­ waters. these severely adverse economic side ef­ litically dominated situation. Also, I urge The hard fact is that life in this coun­ fects in order to cut back on our con­ again that we establish a single energy try is never going to be quite the same. sumption of foreign energy. Numerous committee in the House, so that we can The days of cheap and abundant energy studies have indicated that if we, as a enact a practical program that is fair are gone forever. With the promise of yet nation, make a concerted effort to use to the producers and consumers of vital another OPEC price rise, we can see that our energy efficiently and wisely, we petroleum products. the price of energy will continue to rise could effectively reach energy independ­ Text of the advertisement is as well into the future. ence. I submit that we do not need to go follows: The threat which this situation poses along with the President and place such A PLEDGE FROM UNION OIL COMPANY TO THE to our security and the impact which it an undue burden upon this Nations' AMERICAN PEOPLE-GASOLINE PRICES AND has had upon our economy has generated consumers. COMMON SENSE strong pressures for action to reduce im­ The Congress has already taken affirm­ Congress and the President have not yet ports, conserve fuel, and increase domes­ ative action. In June it passed the En­ reached an agreement on how to decontrol tic supply. ergy Conservation and Conversion Act, a "old" crude oil prices. Consequently, all con­ On January 15, President Ford out­ comprehensive measure that establishes trols may expire at the end of August and lined his national energy plan to reduce a national energy program to encourage the prices for about 40 % of the crude oil processed by the nation's refineries could rise consumption by raising oil prices through conservation. This week we have before to world levels. Many misleading statements increased import fees and decontrol of us a second piece of major energy legis­ have been made about the impact of this de­ domestic oil prices. We have be.en told by lation, H.R. 7014, which deals with the control on gasoline prices. Some o! these the administration that this approach very important regulatory aspects of this statements claim that prices will rise by 10¢ to our energy problems will reduce U.S. same national energy policy. or more per gallon. reliance on insecure imports and in­ It is imperative that this Congress get These statements simply don't square with crease U.S. production without sig­ on with the task of forging a meaningful the real world situation. Competitive pres­ nificant adverse economic impact. sure kept gasoline prices down before the compromise on this important matter, Arab embargo and controls. Competitive Yet, Mr. Speaker, it has been esti­ and I would urge all of my colleagues to pressure will restrain prices once controls are mated by the Energy and Power Sub­ support the Staggers domestic oil pricing lifted. committee of this House's Interstate and amendment to this worthy piece of Union Oil strongly urges that "old" crude Foreign Commerce Committee that the legislation. oil prices be decontrolled as a necessary step President's oil tariffs, combined with his I firmly believe that this amendment in developing adequate domestic crude oil proposed decontrol of domestic oil, and before us is the best compromise avail­ supplies for the nation. Coupled with this the increase in OPEC prices expected in able. It will save the consumers of this decontrol Union Oil urges presidential ac­ October would cause an increase in un­ tion to suspend the present $2 a barrel tariff Nation $33 billion over the President's on imported crude oil. employment by one half million by De­ most recent plan without harmfully af­ If "old" oil is decontrolled and the tariff cember 1976 and an increase in the rate fecting our production of crude oil. is suspended on September 1, Union Oil of inflation of about 12.8 % by the same The time has come, Mr. Speaker, for pledges it will not increase its prices for gaso­ month. this body to move ahead on these most line, heating oil and diesel fuel to its serv­ On Wednesday, July 16, the Ford ad­ important energy issues. ice station dealers and its jobbers by a total ministration submitted its first compro­ of more than 2¢ a gallon through the re­ mise to the scheme of total domestic mainder of 1975. Since Union Oil did not in­ crease these prices in July (and does not in­ decontrol. Under this plan the President tend to increase them in August), such ac­ proposed the gradual removal of price IRS WORKING TO IMPROVE TAX­ tion would mean that our average price in­ controls on old oil at a rate of 3.3 per­ PAYER SERVICE crease during the second half of 1975 would cent per month over a 30-month period be less than 2¢ a gallon. ending January 31, 1978. Again, in sup­ Of course, if the prices of the foreign crude port of his proposal, the President stated HON. CHARLES A. VANIK OF OHIO oil that we must purchase are increased, we that i~ adoption was necessary in order may find it necessary to attempt to pass to enable this Nation to achieve energy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through these increases by raising product prices. Likewise, if Congress or other govern­ independence. He also claimed that its Wednesday, September 3, 1975 mental agencies impose new taxes on the adverse effect upon the American econ­ Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, since the petroleum industry, we would have to raise omy would be minimal. The evidence does formation of the Ways and Means Over­ our prices in order to pay such taxes. We not support either allegation. sight Subcommittee this year, we have cannot escape the fact that such higher The Power and Energy Subcommittee costs, in the long run, can only be paid for estimated that the effects of this second been working with the Internal Revenue by the consumer. plan, as of the fourth quarter of 1977, Service in an effort to expand and im­ The above statements a.re ma.de in an ef­ would be to increase unemployment by prove the quality of taxpayer services-­ fort to bring some common sense to an un­ correct answers to taxpayer questions, commonly confused subject. 8 percent, increase consumer prices by clarity in forms, et cetera. 2 percent, decrease real GNP by $26 bil­ UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Because of the staggering complexity Los Angeles, Calif. lion, decrease housing starts by 15 per­ of the tax code-a complexity created by cent per year and decrease auto sales by successive administrations and Con­ 9.7 percent per year. I was gratified that gresses-the IRS is faced with a nearly the House of Representatives on July 22 impossible job. Under the direction of COMMENTS OF HON. THOMAS J. found this plan unacceptable. Assistant Commissioner Robert Terry DOWNEY ON THE STAGGERS On July 25, the President submitted and Taxpayer Service Director Stanley AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7014 his second "compromise" which call& for Goldberg, I believe that the Service is gradual decontrol of the price of old making improvements in the quality of HON. THOMASJ. DOWNEY oil over a 39-month period with a ceiling taxpayer assistance. Mr. Speaker, there price of all domestic oil-including new is a long way to go before the level of OF NEW YORK oil which is presently not controlled-of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service is completely adequate-but I do $11.50, increasing at $0.05 per month be­ believe that the Service is making gains. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 ginning October 1, 1975. I would like to enter in the RECORD at Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. Because this plan begins by rolling this point a letter from Commissioner Speaker, the time has come for the back the price of new oil-presently un- Donald Alexander describing current 2749l2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 plans for improving the quality of serv­ opportunities we have had to discuss with prudence which is developing which ice in the next tax season. During the you our problems and progress in the Tax­ would give individuals a right to resist payer Service area. Your questions, criticisms, coming months, the Oversight Subcom­ and suggestions have been most helpful and mandatory retirement imposed on them mittee will be meeting with IRS officials supportive. by the rule of a corporation or the man­ to observe the progress in improving the I will be happy to meet with you or fur­ date of a governmental unit. quality of taxpayer services. nish any further information whenever you The article follows : The letter follows: wish. THE GREEN IN THE GREEN PASTURES IS BROWN INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, With kind regards, (By Howard Egli t) Sincerely, Washington, D.O., July 29, 1975. Each day 4,100 men and women become Hon. CHARLES A. VANIK, DONALD C. ALEXANDER, Commissioner. "senior citizens." And for almost half of House of Representatives, them, their 65th birthdays close the door to Washington, D.O. their jobs. They are mandatorily retired, a DEAR MR. VANIK: I want to take this op­ ACTIONS To IMPROVE QUALITY-FISCAL YEAR 1976 commonplace of work in America. portunity to express my appreciation to you While they may go quietly, all do not go for the interest and support you, your Sub­ 1. Issue a Quality Control Handbook. It willingly. More than one-third of the men committee, and your staff have given the will establish uniform requirements for want to continue working. So do 50 per cent Internal Revenue Service, and particularly sampling and other techniques of work re­ of the married women, and 75 percent of our Taxpayer Service Program. Messrs. Terry, view and will provide for the reporting and the unmarried. Working, after all, is what Glynn, and Goldberg told me of the positive use of quality review data collected. we are about, in part because of economic reception they received and the construc­ 2. Revise national training courses; de­ necessity. In part, also, because we anchor tive nature of their meeting with you on velop local supplements to make course con­ our egos to our jobs: We are what we do. July 14. tent more relevant to the Taxpayer Service Things were not always so. In 1890, 68 At this meeting, we committed ourselves job requirements; explore the use of outside per cent of men 65 and over were actively to take certain steps or provide certain training resources and services to improve in the work force. Today, when the average information. training materials. Develop refresher train­ 65-year-old man has a life expectancy of 1. In our testimony before your Subcom­ ing courses (up to one week long) for all eleven years, and his wife fourteen, the new mittee on April 14, we indicated that we personnel assigned to the Taxpayer Service generation of "young" oldsters are economic were going to conduct a study before the end Program for the 1976 Piling Period. discards. of April on the problem of wrong answers 3. Develop testing programs, revise trainee Presumably, such an ingrained system, af­ and error rates in general. Mr. Terry and the monitoring techniques, develop additional fecting so many, has valid justifications. In managers of our Taxpayer Service Division trainee retention criteria. Testing will also fact, the mainstays of mandatory retirement studied the problems affecting the quality of be part of the Refresher Training Courses. are largely myths. For example, the notion our service and have developed actions we 4. Install Work Planning and Control Sys­ is firmly held that younger workers perform can take before the next filing period to im­ tem for Taxpayer Service, to provide a sys­ better. Virtually every major study proves prove the quality of our taxpayer service. tematic method for planning and scheduling the contrary. Older workers are equally, We met together on April 25 and on two work to provide for optimum use of Tax­ sometimes more, productive·; 181bsenteeism occasions since, to review and further refine payer Service resources. rates are lower, work attitudes more positive. the list of proposed actions. A copy of our 5. Establish a. Seasonal WAE Cadre; work Another myth has as its stalking horse current action list is enclosed for your toward establishing a special WAE register. a caricature of a senility-decimated oldster. information. This Seasonal WAE work-force, combined But senility is rare; indeed, intellectual ca­ 2 . We expect to issue our Quality Review with extended coverage (using staggered pacity, the studies now show, can increase and Control Handbook within the next sev­ hours when possible) , should provide maxi­ throughout life. When physical or mental eral weeks, and I will see that copies are mum flexibility to meet peak hourly and agility do slow dawn, the older worker com­ furnished to you and your staff. This Hand­ daily workload demands. pensates with increased concentration and book should resolve a number of the prob­ 6. Complete conversion of selected em­ care. lems identified by the GAO in their recent ployees to 526 series. Restrict use of tempo­ A third myth holds that employers are study of the Taxpayer Service Toll-Free raries to clerical positions. Provide for use of unable to decide who shall go and who shall Telephone System. experienced details-in from other functions stay. Actually, such decisions are made 3. During FY 1975, we had approximately to Taxpayer Service. daily-this man is hired, that one fired; Joe 750 year-round offices offering taxpayer serv­ 7. Develop a procedure on TSS/TSR Spe­ promoted, Jim passed over. The judgments ice. During the filing period we had about 280 cialization, thus encouraging a higher rate are no different for older workers. All they additional locations, including eight movable of referral. ask is to be judged-like others-on the basis offices (taxmobiles or trailers). 8. Revise and give Functional Practices of performance. 4. Since our discussion with you on July 14, Course for Managers to all new managers, as The final myth is two-edged. One side of we are expediting our efforts to identify the a minimum, before the 1976 Filing Period. It it says we must make room for younger Most Frequently Asked Questions. We will will deal with important topics for Taxpayer workers; the other invokes the shibboleth very likely issue these standard questions Service managers such as Work Planning and of "deadwood." and the correct answers as a separate publi­ Control, Quality Review, and Managing the Obviously, the supply of jobs in this econ­ cation for the taxpayer. Also, we are explor­ Toll-Free Telephone Operation. omy is limited. (Of course, even when the ing your suggestion to have them available as 9. Provide for additional management as­ statistics were brighter, they excluded un­ hand-outs in single-sheet form for our tax sistance in the districts to improve quality willing retirees from the numbers computa­ assistors. We will keep you advised on the review and control and resource utilization. tion.) But ousting older workers simply specific actions we take in this area. 10. Establish new criteria for selection and shifts the burden of too few jobs; the players - 5. Your staff expressed an interest in at­ evaluation of instructors; use, as needed, are changed, but the game's thP samP. tending a Taxpayer Service Division and non-IRS instructors. As for deadwood, undoubtedly people do Branch Chiefs' meeting in the Mid-Atlantic 11. Establish more effective criteria for go stale. But that happens after four years Region. We will determine when the next such Taxpayer Service locations. Establish more as often as after forty. Simply waiting for meeting will be held and give you plenty of specific guidelines for upgrading Taxpayer the forty to remove the dullard or the un­ advance notice so that arrangements can Service space, with emphasis on noise levels, bending bureaucrat is hardly a productive privacy consideration and first floor loca­ solution. Indeed, compulsory retirement is be made. tions. 6. We also will make arrangements for likely counterproductive: The 55-year-old is members of your staff to attend some of our not going to look for another 65-and-out job. training courses. They are scheduled at vari­ He'll stay where he's at---stale, perhaps, but ous times within the different regions, and RIGHT TO RESIST MANDATORY at least secure. we will provide to Mr. Vaughn several alter­ RETffiEMENT Even if there is room for argument about nate possibilities. In the meantime, we will the myths, that dispute should not obscure send to your staff copies of our various In­ the fundamental inequity of mandatory re­ structor Guides and Coursebooks. HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN tirement. The practice is, plain and simple, a 7. We would welcome your staff repeating OF MASSACHUSETTS passport to second-class citizenship. Fortunately, the Constitution offers direc­ the GAO Study at several IRS locations dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing the next filing period. I would suggest tion in getting to the core concern. The rea­ that contact be made with Mr. Glynn (964- Wednesday, September 3, 1975 soning is straightforward, and was cogently 4073) to work out the specific details. articulated by the Supreme Court last year. 13. Ms. Adair AtwP-11 ... equested copies of the Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I attach The case involved two married schoolteach­ Taxpayer Profile, PHf)ared by North-Atlantic herewith a valuable article from the New ers, both removed from the classroom be­ Region and the Taxpayer Opinion Survey, York Times of August 2, written by How­ cause they became pregnant. Justice Potter both of which we will send her under sepa­ ard Eglit, Esq., a noted civil rights attor­ Stewart wrote: "The [unconstitutional) rules ::-a te cover. I am enclosing copies for you. ney in Chicago. contain and irrebuttable presumption of Again, my staff and I are grateful. for the This article points to the new juris..: physical incompetency, and that presumption September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27493 applies even when the medical evidence as by the Office of Technology Assessment, sidering bill after bill giving tax credits to -to an individual woman's physical status due to be released this month; oversight those who purchase or manufacture solar might be wholly to the contrary." hearings by the Science and Technology energy devices. There is really nothing stand­ The constitutionally acceptable prescrlp­ i.ag in the way of extrapolating the 2 MW i;ion is instead individualized assessment of Committee, due to be held at the end of ERDA i.3 planning on purchasing to 200,000 ea.ch woman's ability. September; and field hearings by the MW. It will take a massive commitment on Recognizing the implications, Justice Wil­ Council on Environmental Quality, the pa.rt of us all. But editorials such as liam H. Rehnquist and Chief Justice Warren which is in the Office of the President, yours make it seem as if solar energy is in E. Burger hastened to dissent. Demonstrating and which began today. the same camp as nuclear fusion or the meager regard for both pregnant women and I am fortunate to be involved in all breeder reactor, full of the problems of e. pre­ old people, they warned that the Court would three of these reviews of ERDA's plan, mature technology still in the theoretical have "to strain valiantly" lest its empathy stages. That is untrue. In fact, solar cells are and I expect to gain a great deal from already in operation around the world, and -for the teachers "lead to the invalidation of each of these studies. The findings of mandatory retirement." some have been in operation for many years. Unfortunately, what the two dissenters de­ each review will be made available to the Clearly new advances wlll take place as with plored has not yet come to pass. Numerous entire Congress and the public. Mean­ any technology. But the technology is ma­ suits have been filed in Federal courts, but while, I believe this Congress should en­ ture right now. The same is true. of course. only one bas succeeded-in May, 1974, a courage a responsible debate on each and with solar heating and cooling systems. Boston panel struck down a Massachusetts every aspect of the ERDA plan and pro­ It is unfortunate that those of us who are 1aw requiring state policemen to retire at gram. For this reason, I ask that a a very great deal more opt1Inistic than the nfty. The Supreme Court will hear that case Washington Post are written off as romantics. thoughtful and critical review of ERDA's The Post notes in its editorial that, "There 1n the fall, and given its record thus far of solar energy development policy be in­ 1etting forced retirement rulings stand, any is a lot of lyrical talk lately about new life­ forecast must be hedged with pessimism. serted into the RECORD at this time. styles for Americans. But in the real world Nevertheless, the very fact that the Court The article from the August 12 issue nobody changes the pattern of his daily life 1s going to address the issue squarely is a of the Washington Post follows: very quickly or very easily." I would dis­ signal of just how high the stakes have risen. ALTERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY agree with you. If there is one national trait that Americans possess it is our propensity The prospects are brighter than the court (By David Morris) battles indicate, however. For example, just to drop everything and try something new. (Mr. Morris, co-director of ;;he Institute for Look at the fantastic increase in the num­ weeks ago the Illinois House of Representa­ Local Self-Reliance, has written extensively tives voted 117-21 to outlaw age-based man­ ber of crystal radio sets, from only a few in the field of alternate energy sources:) dozen to a few million in the early 1920s. Or datory retirement in private enterprise. The Washington Post does us all a dis­ Similar bills have been introduced in the the rapid introduction of the automobile service by not going beyond the ERDA re­ after Henry Ford. Almost 90 percent of our congress. The senior-citizen lobby ls press­ port to Congress recently issued when it dis­ ing for abolition-a venture supported by current supermarket products did not exist cusses future energy sources. In its editorial twenty years ago. No, we are not strangers the American Medical Association, which of July 13 entitled, The Future Sources of "finds the practice socially unwise and phys­ to life style changes. Energy, the Po3t ob3erves, "What about solar But I doubt that we a.re speaking here ically and psychologically unhealthful. and geothermal power? Neither, ERDA con­ Senior power and enlightened public opin­ of enormous changes in lifestyles at all. cludes, is at all likely to be available before Americans do not have to greatly alter life­ ion may yet accomplish what the courts 1985. What about the dreams of free and cannot--Or will not. However when the end styles to switch from an internal combustion bountiful energy drawn from one natural engine car to an electric one. We do not have comes, it will be welcome. Mandatory retire­ source or another? ERDA observes that the :ment, after all, is just another name for dis­ to change our way of living tremendously future sources all require very high tech­ if we buy returnable bottles, or if we install criminaition, segregating the old folks from nology and it is a. reliable rule that high tech­ the rest of us. solar cells on our rooftops. nology means a high investment." If the technology is available, and Amer­ It is important to realize, as pointed out icans are Willing to purchase it, you might in that editorial, that ERDA's original staff ask why there has not been a massive move­ ASSESSING ERDA'S ENERGY PLAN was drawn almost entirely from the old ment in that direction. AND PROGRAM Atomic Energy Commission and thus, as you One reason is that editorials such as the comment, "inherited wUh it a strong inter­ Post's tend to confuse people a.bout the pos­ nal commitment to nuclear power." Yet, with sibilities of change, and government and HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. all that commitment ERDA itself has been corporate pronouncements are not very help­ OF CALIFORNIA educated by the people of this country to ful. Why is this? I believe there are two rea­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES such an extent that in six short months it sons. The first was eloquently expressed by has elevated solar generated electricity to an James Piper, a small businessman who has Wednesday, September 3, 1975 equal priority with nuclear fusion and been installing cost competitive solar heat­ Mr. BROWN of Galifornia. Mr. breeder reactor3. Furthermore ERDA indi­ ing systems for many years. In testifying be­ cates quite clearly that solar cells, devices fore the Senate Small Business Committee Speaker, the Congress now has before it that convert sunlight directly into electricity, he went right to the core of the problem by the Energy Research and Development will be producing economically competitive noting: Administration's entire national plan for electricity by the early 1980s. Some say this If Westinghouse or GE came up with a energy research, development and dem­ Will occur by 1979 because ERDA has finally usable solar system immediately it would onstration. Both the plan and the pro­ accepted the fact that ait least in the sola.r cell harm their profitability in other areas. As an gram were required, by law, to be deliv­ field basic resea.-rch is no longer critical. What example, Westinghouse just submitted a pro­ is crucial is the creation of a large enough posal to ERDA for one and three quarter bil­ ered to the Congress by June 30 of this market to permit manufacturers to auto­ :year, but until a few days ago the second lion dollars for three atomic generating mate their facilities and reduce rapidly the plants. If there was a drama.tic increase of volume, the program for ERDA, was not costs of the cells. ERDA has now tripled its solar systems and a lowering of the need for available from the administration. goal of buying power generated by solar cells. electrical energy in the future it is possible The great interest shown in developing By 1979 it now estimates it will buy 2 MW, they might not be able to sell those three ..future energy sources has, quite rightly, up from an estimate of only 600 KW a few plants for one and three quarter billion . . . made the administration cautious in its months ago. And this doesn't count the po­ There is not the profit, nowhere near it, in handling of this matter. While I wish to tential of wind generated electricity. Accord­ solar technologies and producing equipment withhold final judgment on the propos­ ing to the Project Independence Task Force that there is in producing other types ot Report on Solar Energy wind potential is energy equipment. It is just not there. als set forth in volume 1 and volume 2 equal to solar cell potential. The other reason that solar energy sys­ -0f ERDA-48, I have already considered How much energy can be suppl!ed by these tems, despite the rapid advances made by this subject enough to learn that even new technologies? That.is no longer a ques­ small businesses and the proven viabllity of ERDA's revised priorities on energy con­ tion of technology but of our commitment such systems, have not received the kind of servation and solar energy are out of and will. According to Senator Gaylord Nel­ attention they demand is more subtle. These alignment with the needs and the desires son, in late 1972 a joint JSF/NASA energy new sources of energy have certain charac­ of the American people. panel estimated that wind energy conversion teristics that might make them fearful to Mr. Speaker, much will be said about would provide 1 per cent of our electricity by centralized corporate and even political in­ the year 2000. In early 1975 NSF reported to stitutions. They a.re basically decentralizing the specifics in ERDA's plan, and while believe that 25 per cent of eleotrlclty could be in their impact. They do not require the some of the reviews of the plan will not wind generated by the year 2000. transportation of fuel from distant points. be fair, several will be based upon care­ Any new technology has a difficult time They do not require transmission of energy :ful analysis, review and debate. Among gaining entrance into our everyday lives. But over long distances. The economics of solar the scheduled reviews of the ERDA plan these a.re unusual t1Ines. We desperately re­ cell and heating systems a.re such that one and program are: a detailed assessment qutre new sources of energy. Congress is con- can generate electricity on one's rooftop as 27494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 19 7 5 cheaply as in a central power station. Where posLtion of world leadership without the appeared before a Senate subcommittee in­ central power stations are required their support and confidence of its own people. spired by her book to inquire about control most economical size is probably at the That support was weakened and our con­ of "miracle" pesticides. In it she warned that neighborhood level. fidence was shaken in this country by revela­ unwise use of substances like DDT, dieldrin, What does this mean for those corpora­ tions of corruption at the highest levels of and aldrin meant spreading the "elixirs of tions in this society which have amassed our government. death" further than to target insects but to such wealth and power by controlling mines, In quick succession, the energy crisis wors­ all of us and the rest of the natural world. wells, or pieces of turf? Utility companies ened and our involvement in Southeast Asia From those hearings conducted by Sen. Abra­ operate now on huge cash flows as people ended inconclusively, while inflation raged ham Ribicoff came the pesticide reforms of pay monthly fees. What will it mean when and the economy plunged into recession. the last 12 years. people purchase their own generating equip­ But now, midway into Calendar 75, our Rachel Carson would be sick at heart to ment, and pay no more monthly fees? What Constitutional system remains intact, most know that these congressional mandates happens in those cities where there are pub­ of the rascals who were exposed have been could be perilously close to termination this licly owned metropolitan utility companies turned out of government and decent men month. If this should happen, it would be that may prove white elephants in a few are making an effort to get the country on turning the clock back to that June day. years? track again. "Miss Carson, on behalf of the committee, There are other problems associated with And there are encouraging signs that the we certainly welcome you here. You are the this new technology. There is, for example, people are responding, that Americans once lady who started all this," Sen. Ribicoff be­ the question of sun rights. High rise office again are drawing upon their native resili­ gan. The whole world, he said, owed her a buildings, the most profitable type to build, ency to push aside much of the doubt and debt of gratitude. may well be banned in the near future be­ dejection of recent months. He had introduced the first tiny legisla­ cause they cut off sunlight, that is energy The rampant pessimism of. last December tive step in the fierce struggle with the De­ from neighboring structures. There are all and the early months of this year seems to partment of Agriculture over its handling on kinds of questions that these new technol­ be giving way to guarded, tentative optimism. the 1947 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and ogies demand answers to. Hopefully, economic recovery soon wlll Rodenticide Act. He wanted to close the loop­ I agree with the Washington Post that begi,n ia.nd governmental sta1bllity will be re­ hole permitting manufacturers to market there are great barriers to overcome in the established and effectively maintained so that pesticides that USDA refused to register as introduction of this technology. But they are this optimism may be sustained. safe. Strangely, USDA would not name the not barriers put up by the American people, Most economic experts, both private and companies. This, said Sen. Ribicoff, was "in­ but by the largest corporations in the coun­ governmental, say the lingering recession has defensible." try. There is no need for pessimism where or soon will have bottomed out. The list soon appeared. The spotlight on Americans are involved. The major question Nevertheless, private industry appears to USDA became intense with the release of now is, will our highly centralized political be in a conservative mood. Perhaps that the Report of the President's Science Ad­ and economic institutions support the solu­ mood will be sufficiently contagious so that visory Committee vindicating Rachel Carson tions which are· already there? our elected officials will exercise better judg­ and asking for greater governmental ment and more fiscal restraint--both in the vigilance. continuation of existing programs and con­ That last summer in Maine she had time sideration of any new federal spending. to think more about a suggestion that June 4 If the Ford Administration and the Con­ by Sen. Ernest Gruening. MIDPOINT IN 1975 gress would devote even a modest amount of "What would you think of creating a de­ energy to the task of structuring adequate partment of ecology?" he asked. incentives for private enterprise investment "Well, it is certainly a good objective," HON. DAWSON MATHIS this country soon could put behind it the she replied. There was a note of concern in OF GEORGIA last vestiges of recession and within a rea­ her calm voice. Rachel Carson knew that USDA's control IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sonably short time, most of the lost confi­ dence in government would be restored. over pesticides would be hard to break be­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 cause of the politically powerful oil, chemi­ cal and agribusiness lobby. If control was Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, a recent taken away, would that lobby ever rest until article in a publication called the "Gentry it was reclaimed? Report" has come to my attention. I feel RACHEL CARSON AND PESTICIDES Reluctant to leave Maine, she stayed later it puts in proper prospective some of the than usual before going home to Silver concerns that businesspeople presently HON. HENRY S. REUSS Spring to continue her two battles. Seven months later she was to lose one. She died have on their minds. OF WISCONSIN It was written by Jay Jenkins, a young on April 14, 1964. She was 56 years old. Georgian who is president of the Gentry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The other battle continued. The ugly loop­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 hole was closed. It was discovered that USDA Group, a land investments firm in At­ was registering pesticides the Food and Drug lanta. Jenkins is a man who realizes we Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, in this morn­ Administration and the .Public Health Serv­ are living in troubled economic times and ing's Washington Post there appeared an ice had protested as unsafe. he is concerned. Yet, he offers some con­ article by Ann Cottrel Free which was HEW Secretary Robert Finch commissioned structive suggestions and says that he both a moving tribute to the memory a scientific study on pesticides and the en­ believes that with the proper leadership vironment. And in November 1969 he asked of Rachel Carson and a call to action to USDA and the Interior Department to join and direction from Washington, we will save the Federal Environmental Pesticide HEW in phasing out DDT in two years. No recover. Control Act, which must be extended by takers. But miraculously Gruening's idea be­ I would like to share this article with September 30 if it is to remain in force. came a reality in 1972 with creation of the my colleagues with the hope that the The article follows : Environmental Protection Agency. Congress will take the lead in providing [From the Washington Post, Sept. 3, 1975] At last, USDA's grip on pesticides was the proper incentives for the great free loosened. Its lax pesticides registration di­ RACHEL CARSON'S LIVING LEGACY vision was transferred to EPA. Moving fast, enterprise system of our country: (By Ann Cottrell Free) MIDPOINT IN 1975 EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus can­ BANGOR, MAINE.-Usually in early Septem­ celed most uses of DDT. After two years of (By Jay Jenkins) ber, Rachel Carson could be found here in hearings, the cumbersome 1947 Pesticide Act Lack, or loss, of self confidence can have Maine at her West Southport cottage over­ was overhauled by the adoption in 1972 of a debilitating effect upon an individual. Such looking Sheepscot Bay. From there she could the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control self doubt is ruinous and, unless 1-t is over­ see the wide expanse of blue water edged by Act. (FEPCA) . come, can end or seriously impair a promis­ tidal pools, where millions of tiny aquatic The new act includes a variety of safe­ ing career or avocation. creatures make their home. guards. Primarily it makes clear that its So, too, throughout the ages a lack or loss She was unable to reach those pools her sponsors well understood when Rachel Car­ of public confidence in government has last summer here-the summer of 1963. son said, "We are neglecting the golden op­ proven injurious-even disastrous-for entire Others would bring her those primitive, often portunity to prevent cancer while we spend nations. lovely, life forms that she, as a marine bi­ mlllions seeking the cure." The United Kingdom, France and Italy are ologist, so delighted in studying under her The human cancer connection has been examples of countries where confidence in microscope. the basis for cancellation of the registration government is lacking, national pride is sag­ Her health was almost gone from metasti­ of DDT, dieldrin, aldrin, and suspension of ging, and world influence is diminishing. sized cancer. If there could be any consola­ heptachlor and chlordane. These decisions And we have experienced, to an alarming tion, it was knowing that the message given have been strongly protested by USDA and, of degree, symptoms of the same malaise in this the world in "Silent Spring" was taking wing course, chemco-agribusiness. But EPA, after country during the past few years. legislatively in the Congress. exhaustive scientific inquiry, has looked to Of course, no free country can maintain a On June 4, before coming to Maine, she the growing accumulation of cancer-causing September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27495 chemicals in our bodies and has shown re­ ceremonies on this day and the inauguration Democratic Floor Leader, 1916-1919 and gard for pain, anguish, loss of life as well as of President John F. Kennedy on January Chairman of the Committee on Appropria­ for the billions of dollars lost to cancer. 20, 1961, the United States was destined to tions, 1913-1919. In the latter capacity he This month the battle between the kinds undergo one of the most turbulent periods assumed responsibility for the enactment of of costs-and the merits of the contentions in its entire history. During this half cen­ numerous b1lls to finance the vastly in­ on which they are based-will be joined on tury the nation participated in two world creased expenditures incurred by the na­ Capitol Hill. The outcome depends on how wars, experienced the ordeal of the Great tional government throughout the duration the Congress votes on the final form of the Depression, assumed a dominant role in in­ of the war. Subsequent to the 1918 armistice, re-authorized 1972 FEPCA. (Re-authoriza­ ternational affairs, and prepared to cope with Martin also co-authored a statute providing tion after three years is required by law. the challenges of the nuclear age. emergency relief to the devastated nations Deadline: Sept. 30.) For thirty of these fifty years the Democrat­ of Europe.a The first round of voting occurs in a few ic Party maintained control of both houses Four Virginians who chaired committees days in the House Agriculture Committee of Congress. Among the Democrats serving during the Administrations of Franklin D. where 23 crippling amendments have been as chairmen of committees in the Senate and Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman were Repre­ temporarily withdrawn for a .consolidated House of Representatives were fourteen sentative Thomas G. Burch of Martinsville, amendment sponsored by Reps. W.R. Poage prominent Virginians. Furnishing a dispro­ John W. Flannagan, Jr., of Bristol, and (D-Texas) and Willlam C. Wampler (R-Va.). portionately high percentage of committee Schuyler Otis Bland of Newport News, and This is the vehicle in which USDA would ride chairmen, these congressmen from Virginia Senator Carter Glass of Lynchburg. Burch, for its triumphant return to pesticide con­ wielded profound influence on a substantial Flannagan, Bland, and Glass spent an ag­ trol--exactly what Rachel Carson feared number of bills, resolutions, and treaties. gregate total of one hundred and five years could happen. The amendment requires Three of the Virginians taking their oaths in Congress. USDA's concurrence on all EPA pesticide ac­ of office on April 4, 1911 were Representatives Prior to entering Congress in 1931, Burch tions. John Lamb of Richmond, William A. Jones had served on the State Boards of Agricul­ "The issue,'' says EPA Administrator Rus­ of Warsaw, and James Hay of Madison. Com­ ture and Education. A member of the Com­ sell Train, "is whether it is in the public pleting the final stages of their respective mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads interest to give the Secretary of Agricul­ congressional careers, Lamb, Jones, and Hay throughout his eight terms in the House, he ture veto authority over a regulatory proc­ were each chairmen of standing committees chaired that organ from 1943 and 1946. ess designed to protect the public health." of the House. Burch's foremost legislative achievement Trai.11 went to the heart of the prob­ One of the few remaining veterans of the was the Salary Reclassification Act of 1945. lem. But who is to go to the hearts of the Civil War serving in Congress, Lamb in April In 1946 he resigned from the House to accept 1911 was beginning his eighth and last term an interim appointment to the United States people? 7 in the House. Between 1911 and 1913, he Senate. Reaching the heart-where most mean­ Flannagan was a staunch and articulate ingful thought begins---cannot be di.3missed chaired the Committee on Agriculture. After retiring from active politics, Lamb became supporter of the voluminous farm bills ap­ as overemotionalism. That is what Rachel proved by Congress during the New Deal pe­ Carson's adversaries charged was her crime Superintendent of Battle Abbey, the famous Confederate Memorial Institute in Rich­ riod. Chairman of the Committee on Agri­ when she said that pain does not have to be cultura between 1944 and 1946 he was in­ borne, tears do not have to be shed, lives mond.1 Jones, who at the time of his death was trumental in the passage of the Federal Crop of children, as well as of the old, do not Insurance Act of 1944 and was the original dean of the House of Representatives, wa·s have to be sacrificed. (It is not only the sponsor of legislaition to estaiblish a perma­ death of birds and fish that is the con­ Chairman of the Committee on Insular Af­ fairs, 1911-1918. Widely acclaimed as Con­ nent school lunch program.s cern. Like the cancerous laboratory mice Representing one of the nation's principal and rats they are the early warners). Read gress' foremost expert on America's overseas possessions, Jones authored both the Philip­ shipbuilding districts, Bland was outranked her book again. That is what she said. in seniority by only four of his four hundred pine Organic Act of 1916 and the Puerto Rachel Carson's voice needs to be heard and thirty-four House colleagues at the time Rican Organic Act of 1917 .2 again. What would she have done had she of his death in February 1950. He was Chair­ lived? Would her eminence be so great that Chairman of the Committee on Military man of the Committee on Merchant Marine only a few measured words from her here in Affairs from 1911 and 1916, Hay was the key and Fisheries, 1933-1947 and 1949-50. Among Maine could arouse the na ti.on? participant in the historic debates over mili­ the important laws bearing his name were Idle speculation. Clearly, others must speak tary preparedness during the two years prior the United States Ma.riitime Commission Act for her. Marshal their facts. Point to the in­ to America's involvement in World War I. of 1936 and the Merchant Ship Sales Act of Of expensive substitutes for banned pesticides. paramount importance was his co-au­ 1946.9 They do exist. Look to new agricultural thorship of the National Defense (Hay­ As Chairman of the Committee on Bank· practices. And particularly, remember that Chamberlain) Act of June 1916. Shortly ing and Currency, 1913-1918, Glass had co­ the scientist and the poet (for she was that, thereafter Hay resigned from Congress to ac­ authorized the Federal Reserve (Glass­ too) have but one aim: truth. cept President Woodrow Wilson's appoint­ Owen) Act of 1913. After serving as Secre­ In a sense, the quality of life in the fu­ ment to the United States Court of Claims.3 tary of the Treasury in the laitter part of the ture depends in large part on the quality Three other Virginia congressman who oc­ Second Wilson Administration, he entered of remembra.nce of Rachel Carson. cupied major committee chairmanships dur­ the Senate in 1920. Glass was Chairman of ing World War I were Representative Henry the Committee on Appropriations from 1933 D. Flood of Appomattox and Senators Claude to 1946, during which time he was in the A. Swanson of Chatham and Thomas S. Mar­ forefront of a bloc of senators vigorously op­ VIRGINIA'S CONGRESSIONAL COM­ tin of Charlottesville. These gentlemen were posing President Roosevelt's fiscal policies.•0 MITTEE CHAIRMEN-1911-60 three of the most distinguished political The four remaining chairmen from the Old figures from Virginia in the twentieth cen­ Dominion were to be especially prominent tury. between the outbreak of the Korean War in HON. THOMAS N. DOWNING As Chairman of the Committee on Ter­ June 1950 rand the end of the '8.dministmtion ritories, Flood authored the 1912 bill con­ OF VIRGINIA of President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Jan­ ferring statehood on New Mexico and Arizona. uary 1961. They were Representatives Thomas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He relinquished the chairmanship of the B. Stanley of Stanleytown and Howard W. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Territories Committee in 1913 to become Smith of Broad Run and Senators A. Willis Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Af­ Robertson of Lexington and Harry F. Byrd of Mr. DOWNING of Virginia. Mr. fairs. It was Flood who ultimately introduced Berryville. Speaker, earlier this year the Virginia and guided to passage the joint resolutions At the time of his initial election to Con­ Social Science Journal included an ar­ by which the United States successively gress in 1946, Stanley was 1n the midst of his ticle which drew attention to a number declared war on Germany and Austria­ fifth year as Speaker of the Virginia House of of Virginians who served in the Congress Hungary.~ Delegate!:>. In 1951 and 1952 he was Chairman Swanson was Chairman of the Committee of the Oommittee on House Administration, in a 50-year period of the 20th century. on Public Buildings and Grounds, 1913-1918, thus exercising overall jurisdiction over the It was written by Mr. Philip A. Grant, Jr., and the Committee on Naval Affairs, 1918- budgetary operations and personnel of the associate professor of history, Pace Col­ 1919. After the nation entered World War I, House. Stanley resigned from Congress in lege, Pleasantville, N.Y. he worked diligently in behalf of measures early 1953 in order to launch his successful I found the article most informative to upgrade the Navy and Marine Corps. Be­ campaign for Governor of Virginia.11 and I am pleased to include it in the cause of Swanson's expertise in naval mat­ A member of the House between 1931 and ters, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was to RECORD. 1967, Smith established a record among Vir­ choose the Virginian as his Secretary of the ginians for continuous service in that body. VIRGINIA'S CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE Navy in 1933.5 Chairman of the Special Committee to In­ CHAXRMEN, 1911-1960 The first Virginian ever to be sworn in vestigate the National Labor Relations Boa.rd, (By Philip A. Grant, Jr.•) to a fifth term in the Senate, Martin was 1939-1941, he co-authored the War Labor On April 4, 1911 the Sixty-Second Congress Disputes (Smith-Connally) Act. More impor­ was called to order. Between the opening Footnotes at end of article. ta.rutly, Smith presided over the powerful 27496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975

Committee on Rules from 1955 to 1966, in gress, p. 1779; Congressional Directory, April omy," American Mercury, September 1957. which role he attracted nationwide attention 1918, p. 169; January 1919, p. 178; Annual pp. 97-104; J. Harvie Wilkinson, Harry Byrd:. by delaying or obstructing the passage of Reports of the Department of the Navy, 1918- and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, scores of civil rights and social welfare pro­ 1919 (Washington: United States Govern­ 1945-1966 (Charlottesville: University of Vir­ posals.12 ment Printing Office, 1918-1919); Grace C. ginia Press, 1968). Robertson served in Congress between 1933 Farnum, "Claude Augustus Swanson," 15 Among the Virginians who served as. and 1967. He chaired both the Select House Directory of American Biography (22 vols.; ranking members of committees of the House Committee on the Conservation of Wildlife New York; Charles Scribner's Sons, 1928- of Representatives were the following: Ed­ Resources, 1934-1946, and the Joint Congres­ 1958), XXII, 641-642; Henry C. Ferrell, Jr., ward W. Saunders of Rockymount, Commit­ sional Committee on Defense Production, "Claude Swanson of Virginia," Unpublished tee on Roads, 1911-1919, and Committee on 1957-1959. Robertson was also Chairman of Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Virginia, Woman Suffrage, 1918-1919; Charles C. Car­ the Senate Committee on Banking and Cur­ 1964. lin of Alexandria, Committee on the Judi­ rency from 1959 to 1966, throughout which 6 Biographical Directory of American Con­ ciary 1915-1919; Walter A. Watson of Jan­ period he was preoccupied With housing and gress, p. 1345; Congressional Directory, Janu­ nings Ordinary, Committee on Labor, 1917- international monetary legislation.13 ary 1919, p. 172; Virginius Dabney, "Thomas 1919; Andrew J. Montague of Richmond. Between his election as Governor in 1925 Staples Martin," Directory of American Biog­ Committee on the Judiciary, 1931-1937: and his retirement from public life four raphy, VI, 34'6-347; Josephus Danie,ls, the Patrick Henry Drewry of Petersburg, Com­ decades later, Byrd was indisputably the cen­ Wilson Era; Years of Peace, 1910-1917 (Chapel mittee on Naval Affairs, 1935-1947; and Clif­ tral figure in Virginia politics. During his Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ton A. Woodrum of Roanoke, Committee on thirty-two years in the Senate he chaired the 1944), pp. 521-525; Allen w. Moger, Virginia: Appropriations, 1941-1946. Also, the follow­ following panels: Committee on Rules, Bourbonism to Byrd, 1870-1925 ( Charlottes­ ing Virginians were chairmen of House sub­ 1941-1943; Joint Committee on the Reduc­ ville: University of Virginia Press, 1968), committees; C. Bascom Slemp of Big Stone tion of Nonessential Federal Expenditures, pp. 292-295; Paschal Ree-es, "Thomas S. Mar­ Gap, Appropriations Subcommittee on Forti­ 1941-1947, 1949-1953, and 1955-1965; and tin: Committee Statesman,'' Virginia Maga­ fications, 1921-1923; J. Vaughn Gary of Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Tax­ zine of History and Biography, July 1960, Richmond, Appropriations Subcommittee on ation, 1956-1957. Byrd's most noteworthy in­ pp. 344-364. the Treasury and Post Office Departments. fiuence was wielded, however, as Chairme.n 1 Biographical Directory of American Con­ 1952-1965; Watkins M. Abbitt of Appomat­ of the Committee on Finance from 1955 to gress, p. 667; Congressional Direct()lf'y, tox, Agriculture Subcommittee on Tobacco. 1965. In this capacity he shaped a multitude June 1946, p. 204; Annual Report of the Post 1955-1973; Porter Hardy, Jr. of Churchland. of bills affecting federal taxation, foreign Office Department, 1946 (Washington: Government Operations Subcommittee on trade, social security, and unemployment United States Government Printing Office, International Operations, 1955-1959; and Ed­ insumnce.14 1946). ward J. Robeson of Newport News, Post The fourteen aforementioned Virginians s Biograph,.ical Directory of American Con­ Office and Civil Service Subcommittee on served as chairmen of a total of twenty-two gress, p. 949; Congressional Directory, June Postal Operations, 1957-1959. standing, .special, select, or joint committees 1946, p. 199; Annual Reports of the Depart­ of Congress. Most of these committees per­ ment of Agriculture, 1944-1946 (Washing­ formed vital functions either in the House ton: United States Government Printing or Senate. Over a half century the various Office, 1944-1946). TURKISH ARMS EMBARGO c:t:i.airmen not only shouldered consideraible 9 Biographical DirectQlf'y of American Con­ responsibilities in their respective congres­ gress, p. 602; Congressional Directory, Janu­ sional bodies, but also demonstrated how ary 1950, p. 203; Annual Reports of the profoundly public servants from the Com­ United States Maritime Commission, 1936- HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD monwealth of Virginia infiuenced national 1946 (Washington: United States Govern­ OF MICHIGAN 15 affairs. ment Printing Office, 1936-1946) ; Samuel A. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FOOTNOTES Lawrence, United States Merchant Shipping Wednesday, September 3, 1975 "'Associate Professor of History, Pace Col­ Policies and Politics (Washington: Brook­ lege, Pleasantville, New York. ings Institution, 1966), pp. 44-51, 83-84. Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, on 1 Lawrence F. Kennedy (comp.), Bio­ lo Biographical Directory of American Con­ August 1 the House adjourned without g11aphical Directory of the American Congress, gress, p. 1007; Congressional Directory, Janu­ ary 1918, p. 185; January 1946, p. 179; Carter taking action on the Turkish arms em­ 1774-1971 (Washington: United States bargo. During the congressional recess Government Printing Office, 1971), p. 1257; Gla...r:s, An Adventure in Constructive Finance United States Congress, Congressional Direc­ (Garden City: Doubleday, Page and Com­ the press reported on the arms embargo tory, Sixty-Second Congress, Third Session, pany, 1927); Marquis James, "The Gentle­ at some length, interpreting the reasons J·anuary 1913 (Washington: United States men from Virginia,'' Saturday Eveninq Post, why the House had continued the sus­ Government Printing Office, 1913), p. 171. August 28, 1937, pp. 6, 35-36; James T. Patter­ pension of arms deliveries to Turkey,. son, Congressional Conservatism and the New 2 Biographical Directory of American Con­ and analyzing the impact of the em­ gress, p. 1298; Congressional Directory, Jan­ Deal (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1967), pp. 95-99, 200-202, 239-240, bargo upon Turkey and its relations with uary 1918, p . 189; Dewey W. Grantham, Jr., the United States and NATO. "Virginia Congressional Leaders and the New 252-257; Rixey Smith and Norman Beasley, Carter Glass, a Biography Mr. Speaker, I would like to insert in Freedom, 1913-1917," Virginia Magazine of (New York; Long­ 1939). History and Biography, July 1948, pp. 304- mans, Green and Company, the RECORD two recent articles on this 11 Biographical Directory of American Con­ 313; Michael P. Onorato, "The Jones Act and subject. One, by former Ambassador gress, pp. 1742-1743; Congressional Directory, the Establishment of a Filipino Government, George C. McGhee, appeared in the January 1952, P. 206; Register of the General 1916-1921," Philippine Studies, 1966, September 1 issue of the Washington July pp. Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 448-459, Harold G. Wheatley, "The Political 1940-1960 (Richmond: Commonwealth of Post. The other, by Edward Jay Epstein,. Career of William Atkinson Jones," Unpub­ Virginia, 1961), p. 586; "Thomas B. Stanley,'' was in the August 29 issue of the Wall li<;;hed M.A. Thesis, University of Virginia.. Current Biogravhy, 1955 (New York: H. W. Street Journal. The articles follow: 1953. Wilson Company, 1955), pp. 571-573. 3 Biographical Directory of American Con­ PERSPECTIVE ON TuRKEY 12 Biogra'O hical Directory of American Con­ (By George C. McGhee) gress, p. 1091; Congressional Directory, May gress, pn. 1714-1715; Congressional Directorn, Annual Report of the Depart­ 1916, p. 189; January 1941, P. 210; January 1966, p. 262; It would be useful, as we await the recon­ ment of War, 1916 (Washington, United James A. Robinson, The House Rules Com­ vening of Congress, to review the broader States Government Printing Office, 1916); mittee (lndl.Jana;poliso: The Bobbs-Merrill Com­ implications of the recent narrow House de­ George C. Herring, Jr., "James Hay and the pany, Inc., 1963), pp. 82-88; "Howard W. feat of a bill to restore m111tary aid t<> Preparedness Controversy, 1915-1916," Jour­ Smith," Current Biography 1941, pp. 798-799. Turkey. In doing so it will be helpful to put nal of South ern History, November 1964, pp. 13 Biographical Di rector of American Con­ in perspective the overall role of Turkey in 383-404; Seward W. Livermore, Politics is gress, pp. 1617-1618; Congressional Director'!/, the Middle East. Adjourned; Woodrow Wilson and t he War June 1946, p. 211; January 1946, pp. 244, 275; Many who did not participate in the far­ Congress, 1916-1918 (Middletown: Wesleyan "A. Willis Robertson,'' Current Biography, reaching political rearrangements after University Press, 1966), pp. 5-7. 1949, pp. 526-528. World War II do not perhaps grasp the full 4 Biographical Directory of American Con­ 14 Biograrihical Directory of American Con­ significance of the impasse that has arisen gress, p. 952; Congressional Directory, Decem­ gress, p. 685; Congressional Directory, March between the United States and Turkey over ber 1912, p. 179; January 1919, p. 918; Burton 1 "65, pp. 245, 177; Alden Hatch, The Byrds Cyprus. This resulted from stoppage of arms I. Kaufman, "Henry De La "' "' • an Era of Re­ of Virginia (New York: Holt, Rinehart and shipments to Turkey by Congress last De­ form," Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Rice Winston, 1969), pp. 466-504; V. 0. Key, Jr., cember for violation of the Foreign Mllitar;~ University, 1966; Arthur S. Link, Wilson: S0uthern Politics (New York: Alfred A. Assistance 111nd Sales Acts. Basic to any such Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace, 1916- Knopf, 1949) , pp. 19-35; Benjamin Muse, review is a determination of where our na­ 1917 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, "The Durability of Harry Flood Byrd," Re­ tional interest lies. 1965)' pp. 422-431. porter, October 3, 1957, pp. 26-30; Russell In the immediate postwar period the So­ 5 Biographical Directory of American Con- Turner, "Senator Harry Byrd: Mister Econ- viets made a series o! well-planned moves; September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27497 to consolidate their positions in Eastern arbiters. Suffice it to say that since members country. This will, I am sure, greatly facili­ Europe, to take political advantage of the of the Congress have concluded that Turkey tate a broadening of the negotiatfons and economic collapse of Western Europe and to violated provisions of our arms legislation. hastening of the time when agreement can incorporate in their new empire strategic Surely, however, our goal should now be an be reached in Cyprus which both Greeks and but weak and isolated Greece, Turkey and early agreement between Greek and Turkish Turks can accept. Only in this way can the Iran. One need not recount the details of Cypriots, to alleviate existing hardships and traditional enmity between Greece and Tur­ how Europe was saved by the Marshall Plan, assure a peaceful sharing of the island in the key be brought again within manageable pro­ Iran by the freeing of Azerbaijan and Greece future. portions. Only in this way can Turkey re­ and Turkey by our Greek-Turkish Aid, the We must also keep in mind the impor­ sume her place as a bulwark of NATO and Marshall plan and their subsequent admis­ tance of retaining Turkey as our ally in the a staunch friend for the United States in the sion to NATO. The action of the Turkish Middle East. There is no such comparable troubled Middle East. This is where our true Parliament in February 1952 in voting unani­ bulwark available. Greece, although under national interest lies. mously to accept the NATO invitation rep­ democratic rule a valuable ally, does not resented a historic turning point for Turkey. possess the strategic geography or military How LIBERALS AIDED ISRAEL'S FOES strength of the Turks. Two generations of (By Edward Jay Epstein) Once the seat of a proud empire based on Americans have assisted Turkey in building historic Constantinople which embraced its armed forces and developing its economy. The House of Representatives may have what are now 18 countries, Turkey in her It is now a developing nation of 40 million inadvertently altered the balance of power decline in the 19th century became a puppet people. Its 450,000 troops constitute the larg­ in the Middle East and critically diminished of the European powers. After the disastrous est NATO contingent, except for us and Israel's chances for survival when, in a fit Turkish defeat in the World War I, Attia.turk Germany, in which we have invested $4 bil­ of moral indignation inspired by a handful renounced empire and turned Turkey to the lion. We have in Turkey, as has been well of Congressmen, it voted last month to con­ West. The Turkish Republic, a united reso­ publicized, a whole network of intelligence tinue the suspension of military aid for lute people with a great fighting tradition, gathering bases where 7 ,000 Americans are Turkey. In direct response to this vote, Tur­ became the Middle Ea.st anchor of the NATO stationed, and a magnificent NATO airfield key denied the U.S. control over more than line. at Adana to which we and other NATO allies 20 "common defense" instaUations in its. Defense of the Middle East, which had rotate our squadrons. Our rights to these territory which electronically monitored, remained unresolved after failure of clumsy bases are now in jeopardy. among other things, shipments of military allied efforts to create a British Middle East There is now a new government in Turkey. equipment, aircraft, and industrial goods Command, a Middle East Defense Organiza­ Althou~:J. it rules with a slim margin, it is to Middle East nations. tion and a Northern Tier, was assured, Tur­ on a democratic basis. Prime Minister Demeril The strategic implications of the House key was to replay its classical role as the and Foreign Minister Caglayangil are known coup proceed from Turkey's unique position "cork in the bottle" of Asia Minor-blocking quantities-staunch friends of the United in the geography of the Middle East. This to any erstwhile invader the land, sea and States and NATO. They understand that NATO ally straddles Europe and Asia and air nexus between Europe and Asia. Soviet peace can only be restored, and the world physically separates the SoViet Union from efforts to penetrate the Middle East were community satisfied, if there is a negotiation the Arab states which depend on it for arms stopped cold and have so remained to this in which reasonable compromises are made. and ammunition. To reach the Mediter­ day. The Greek refugees must be given an oppor­ ranean from their ports in the Black Sea, But there was nearby a time bomb ticking tunity to have land and homes and security. Soviet ships must pass through the narrow away. Unfortunately there has long existed The world will not tolerate another Arab Turkish Dardanelles. on the lonely island of Cyprus, within sight refugee fait accompli. At the same time, as Before the congressional action, their of the Turkish coast, a bitter struggle which I believe most impartial observers recognize, cargos could be surreptitiously analyzed by on July 14 of last year erupted, as a dormant all Turks believe that there is no hope for U.S. equipment at bases along the shores. volcano, into a full-blown crisis. Its origins the future unless Greek and Turkish Cypriots To reach Syria and Iraq, Soviet aircraft must lie deep in the history of early Greek settle­ live in separate areas with a high degree of either overfly Turkish territory, where they can be "counted" or interdicted in a crisis, ment, Turkish rule starting in 1570, the autonomy, under a relatively weak federal or be diverted several thousand miles over 19th century move for Enosis, or union with government. This was the only solution found for the Greek-Turkish problem itself Bulgaria, Greece and the Mediterranean. Greece, and the attendant centuries of re­ Th us the main fl.ow of Soviet arms traffic ligious and economic rivalry between after the First World War, when 1,750,000 Greeks and Turks were exchanged. Separa­ to the Middle East is vulnerable either to Turkish and Greek Cypriots. Twice in recent being "counted" or ultimately cut off be­ years, in 1963 and 1967, the United States tion was the solution recommended by Dean Acheson when he made a survey of Cyprus cause Turkey remains-for the moment at persuaded the Turks, against their better least-a NATO ally (which, not incidentally, judgment, not to intervene in behalf of their after his tenure as Secretary of State. Already in Vienna there has been progress maintains both diplomatic and economic ties endangered Turkish Cypriot minority. with Israel) . Few of us, I'm afraid, remember that the in the form of a written acceptance of this 1959 Treaty of Zurich gave the signatory­ concept the so-called Vienna 3) in negotia­ A "WINDOW" ON RUSSIA powers-England, Greece and Turkey-the tions between Greek and Turkish representa­ To be sure, the strategic importance of right (Article 4), if common action is not tives under U.N. Secretary General Wald­ Turkey extends well beyond the security of possible, "to take action with the sole aim heim. It is reported that these talks have also Israel and the Middle East. Because it has of reestablishing the State of Affairs created resulted in an unwritten agreement that a 1,000-mile border with the Soviet Union by the present Treaty." No one questions that 8,000-9,000 Turks will move to the North, along the Black Sea, it provides an irreplace­ the present crisis was initiated by the Greek surrendering their homes to Greeks, as well able window on military and missile activity junta, acting through 650 Greek training as limited movement of Greeks to the North. within the Soviet heartland. The monitor­ officers stationed with the Cyprus National The Congress has made its point. The Turks ing equipment at U.S.-bullt bases along the Guard who overthrew the Makarios govern­ are a proud people and find it difficult to ap­ Turkish Black Sea coast could detect the ment, putting in power the notorious EOKA· pear to be forced to action under pressure. movement of Soviet planes, ships, subma­ gunman, Nikos Samson. Under the circum­ The Turkish leaders have, however, felt our rines and tanks, as well as the heat generated stances no Turkish government could have pressure and will, I am sure, take it fully into by the preparation of Soviet missiles. failed to respond to the pleas for protection account. We must now relax and give them Over-the-horizon radar provided an in­ from the 110,000 Turkish minority. The an opportunity to negotiate. The best argu­ tegral link in the early warning system used Ecevit government first sought to act in con­ ment against a continuance of the embargo by NATO and the U.S. and monitored the cert with the British, who declined-also re­ is that it is counterproductive. By foreclosing progress of Soviet missile technology. The fusing the use of their Cyprus base. The progress it furt her weakens the pro-American American "machinery" was even sensitive initial Turkish action cannot be interpreted Karamanlis government of Greece. It severely enough to intercept walkie-talkie, ground­ as aggression in any ordinary sense. Could limits the Demeril government in further ne­ to-air and microwave telephone messages be­ we have failed to react in similar circum­ gotiations, forces them to proceed against our tween military units (which meant in effect stance-say if 100,000 Americans were en­ bases and endangers future Turkish relations that any major military alert or troop move­ aangered in Mexico, within sight of the Rio With us and NATO. The net result is only ments would probably be monitored). Grande? to prolong the agony of the displaced Cypriots In the aftermath of the Turkish landings, Aside from the intelligence facilities, Tm:­ and to postpone a final settlement. key also provided the U.S. bases for nuclear­ which involved :fighting with 11,500 so­ Simu ltaneous with progFess in Vienna, called "illegal" Greek Cypriot forces, threats armed fighters capable of penetrating Soviet therefore, I hope Congress will authorize of invasion by Greece and excesses by indi­ defenses over the depression of the Black Sea. viduals and groups on both sides, a situation resumotion of shipments from the $185,000,­ These "Quick Alert" bombers, parked on the was created which resulted in some 200,000 ooo military pipeline already paid for by the edge of Turkish airfields with mot ors run­ homeless Greek refugees. This is, of course, Turks and, as soon as justified by events, ning, were by tacit agreement with the Sovi­ a great tragedy which has evoked world-wide resumption of new aid and purchases. This ets not counted as strategic bombers under sympathy. Under the circumstances, how­ is necessary to keep Turkish forces in fight­ the limitations of the SALT treaty, thus they ever, it is ditllcult for outsiders who do not ing form for their NATO mission. This is also served as an important counterbalance to the fully understand the complex and emotional necessary to provide Turkey evidence that apparent Soviet missile superiority. If Turkey issues involved to assess blame or to act as her position in Cyprus is understood in this were to prohibit American use of these air- 27498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 3, 1975 bases, as it well could do, the entire SALT While Mr. Rossides was Assistant Secretary His column appeared in the August 29 "balance of terror" would be tilted against of the Treasury for Enforcement and Opera­ Washington Post: the United States. ' tions from 1969-1972, he spearheaded the In more conventional terms, Turkey, with drive to deprive Turkey of military and eco-. [From the Washington Post, Aug. 29, 1975) its 500,000-man army, secures the eastern nomic aid over the poppy issue. (Although CAMPAIGN FUNDING SERMON flank of NATO, and that ultimately involves Turkey grew only 2% of the world's opium (By David S. Broder) the security of Greece. Congressmen who supply, it was blamed by Mr. Rossides, and It is doubtless an unworthy response, but voted to override these strategic considera­ others for the American heroin problem.) there are those of us laymen who tend to tions may have believed that detente has With the aid of G. Gordon Liddy, his as­ get nervous when judges start talking like advanced to the point where nuclear con­ sistant on "international narcotics" who later preachers or Fourth of July orators. It may be frontation with the Soviet Union is improb­ went on to other things, Mr. Rossides nearly just their way of clearing their throats be­ able-and may therefore consider the early managed to drive Turkey out of NATO. fore they get down to business, but it still warning system and strategic balances un­ Eventually cooler heads in the National tends to make one nervous. necessary. That assumption is doubtful, at Security Council prevailed. Nevertheless, Mr. That was this reporter's reflex on reading best, but surely there is little doubt about Rossides had garnered support in his anti­ the threat to the Middle East. Turkey cause among a large number of Con­ the opinion rendered la.st week by the U.S. In October 1973, the installations in Tur­ gressmen concerned about drugs 1:n their Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, districts. upholding by a 6-2 margin, the constitution­ key detected: the passage of nuclear war­ ality of the key provisions of the Federal heads through the Dardanelles en route to THE "SELF-DEFENSE" ARGUMENT Egypt or Syria; the mobilizing of paratrooper Election Campaign Act of 1974. After Turkey's military intervention on The law had been challenged by an as­ divisions at Soviet bases through Odessa Cyprus, the Greek lobby began arguing in (land-mobile communications between units sortment of liberal and conservative poli­ were overheard); and the gathering of wide­ Congress that American aid was limited by ticians and organizations. They are united law to "self defense." What constitutes "de­ only in their common concern that the law bodied transports capable of carrying these fense" is somewhat ambiguous: Under the troops to the Middle East. All signs, including passed by Congress, in response to the Water­ diplomatic signals, pointed toward Soviet strict interpretation asserted by the Greek gate revelations, went so far in limiting cam­ lobby, all military aid to such American paign contributions and expenditures as to military intervention against the Israelis, allies as Great Britain, France and Israel who at the time had cut off an Egyptian jeopardize freedom of speech and inhibit (which periodically attacks guerrilla bases the competitive forces in American politics. army in the Sinai. But President Nixon de­ in Lebanon) could also be cut off. At the cisively called a world-wide military alert. The majority held their fears were ground­ time of Watergate, with Congress legiti­ less. But it did so in a most peculiar way, And faced with the distinct possibility that mately concerned about transgressions of their supply routes through Turkish water in an unsigned opinion that begins with a law, the Greek lobby managed to organize great proclamation of the historic mission and airspace could be interrupted, the Sovi­ considerable support for an embargo against ets quickly aba:ndoned their apparent plan. the six judges see themselves performing. Turkey. "Our task is the more awesome ... in that Today the situation is radically different. But while the shrewd efforts of the Greek If another such crisis occurred with the we are pondering legislation passed and re­ lobby are fathomable, it defies explanation viewed at a time of transition and crisis," Turkish bases shut down, the President why the contingent of liberal Democrats, might never know of Soviet troop movements the opinion declares in its opening pages. who in their campaigns and earlier votes "The Nation has experienced the shock until too late. Even if no dramatic confron­ had strongly supported Israel, would now join tations occur, the interruption of intelligence waves of momentous revelations concerning an effort that jeopardizes the Middle East events of the last presidential campaign. It may ultimately present as serious a threat security arrangements vital to the survival to the security of Israel as direct Soviet troop is preparing in 1976 not only for another of Israel. Certainly, they must realize that campaign but for a time of Bicentennial that intervention. The balance of power in the giving the Soviet Union unmoni tared pas­ Middle East depends on the U.S. ability to sharpens our awareness of our heroic experi­ sage for arms shipments would at the very ment in democracy." ascertain the quality and quantity of arms least heighten the dangers of a surprise at­ which the Soviet Union is providing its cli­ What does that imply? Are the judges sug­ tack on Israel. They must also be aware that gesting they might have ruled differently if ents, since new weapon systems and military weakening U.S. defenses in the Eastern capabilities could obviously give an invading this were not the 200th anniversary year? Mediterranean, now heavily dependent on They do not say, but roll on into another force a decisive advantage. Turkish air and naval bases, would reduce With the Turkish bases in operation, the rhetorical outburst, which presumably ls our ability to guarantee Israel's or even designed to embarrass the plaintiffs for even United States would probably ait least be Greece's security. forewarned of any change in Soviet arms questioning the law: shipments, thus having the option of redress­ "No one can doubt the compelling govern­ ing the balance or informing Israel of the ment interest in preserving the integrity of potential danger. Without these monitoring the system of elections through which citi­ facilities, farael stands a higher risk of a suc­ ELECTION LAW DECISION zens exercise the core right of a free democ­ cessful surprise attack. racy of selecting the officials who will make Why would the House of Representatives and execute the laws under which we all must live. Ye·t subjection of election cam­ vote as it d~d even after it had been warned HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER of the consequences by Secretary of State OF WISCONSIN paigns to rules of law means restraints, and those restraints are assailed [by the plain­ Kissinger? One can understand and even ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mire the brilliant tactics of the Greek lobby, tiffs] as a misguided undermin ing of the which manipulated Congress into declaring Wednesday, September 3, 1975 constitutional foundations of our free so­ an embargo on aid to Turkey over a dubius ciety." For shame, for shame. Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. With one exception, there are no provi­ legality. In July 1974, after the Greek junta Speaker, during the August recess, the arranged a successful coup against the legiti­ sions of the new law that cause any con­ mate government of Cyprus, Turkey inter­ U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of stitutional problems-or at least so say the vened with troops to "protect" the sizable Columbia issued an opinion upholding six Bicentennial judges. So they approved Turkish minority from the group of terrorists most of the Federal Election Campaign the complex set of controls, by which today's that assumed control of Cyprus in the coup. Act of 1974. incumbents tell tomorrow's challengers how Turkey had the right to intervene as it did As one of the plaintiffs appealing this much they may spend on their campaigns, under the 1960 "Treaty of Guarantee" in and today's major parties subsidize them­ decision, I believe s-ome of my colleagues selves from the public treasury while deny­ which Greece, Turkey and Great Britain will draw much comfort from the court's all pledged the integrity of the constitu­ ing such funds to new parties. tional government which allocated govern­ view of the advantages of incumbency. The majority even contrived to defend as mental offices between Greek and Turkish­ Conceding that incwnbents might ac­ constitutional a provision denying any citi­ speaking Cypriots under a complex formula. tually enjoy one or two advantages over zen the right to buy so much as a half-page It also claimed that the coup endangered their challengers, the court issued the ad in a major metropolitan paper to urge, as the defenses of its southern airbases. following non sequitur: an independent voice, the election of his own In any case, the intervention quickly led to Any advantage gained by incumbents from preferred candidate for federal office. · the brutal displacement of thousands of service to their constituents is neither novel They justify all these restraints on the very Greek Cypriots from their homes, and the nor pernicious. Indeed, this may be a vindica­ strange grounds that "politics has become a Greek community in the U.S. became un­ tion of the principles of democracy. growth industry and a way of life for mil­ derstandably concerned over the fate of lions of Americans" and that something needs Cyprus (even though a Greek junta precipi­ Without ra1smg the question of to be done to curb what they are pleased tated the crisis). Perhaps the most effective whether the principles of democracy are to call, in a typically understated phrase, organizer of the Cypriot cause in the U.S. in need of vindication, least of all by was Eugene T. Rossides, a Washington law­ "today's quadrennial Romanesque political yer, who had formerly served as a close aide inequalities that may occur at the polls, extravagances," by which one supposes they to Archbishop Makarios, the President of I want to call attention to David Broder's mean campaigns. Indeed, the six judges tell Cyprus. refreshing review of the court's decision. Congress, rather gratuitously, that even this September 3, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27499 law "may well not be enough" to "cleanse'' gram to Attorney General Edward Levi There remains on Guam some 124 third the system of these excesses. reads: "We have just visited the refugee country nationals who do not have Viet­ One can only guess what additional con­ namese or Cambodian family members on camps on Guam. One of the urgent needs Guam or in the United States. The Attorney trols these judicial Puritans would like to to see imposed on those nasty politicians. B_ut is to grant refugee status immediately General has concluded that these individuals after all their fustian, one comes with relief a small number of third-nation people, are not eligible for parole under the Indo­ to the dissenting opinion of Judge Edward some of whom have been kept on Guam chinese refugee program. They are being ad­ A. Tamm, who shows that he, at least, under­ under undesirable conditions for 3 vised that they must return to their coun­ stood the issue the plaintiffs were trying to months. These are primarily Koreans. A tries of nationality or to another country. raise. representative of AID advised us that As a matter of interest, 110 of the 1neli­ "Never before in our history," he writes, gibles are Korean nationals, of whom, about the decision on their fate rests in the one third claim to have Vietnamese families "has the government attempted to regulate Justice Department. We urge favorable the quantity of debate in the political arena. in Vietnam. . . . This type of paternalism in the area of action as rapidly as possible." Sincerely, ideas and political communication ls, or The telegram to Secretary of State L. F. CHAPMAN, Jr., should be, completely alien to our democratic Henry Kissinger reads: Oommissioner. system of government." "1. We have visited with South Viet­ In our concern over the major issues It will remain alien only if the Supreme namese refugees who are separated from and the major confrontations between Court, to which the case will be appealed this their families and want to return to nations, I hope we do not overlook the fall, overturns this unfortunate circuit court South Vietnam. misery of a relatively small number of decision. "2. They are living under undesirable people who now find themselves on the conditions. Our government has prop­ island of Guam. erly said that we are willing to help I hope we will do everything we can PLIGHT OF THIRD NATION PEOPLE them get back. The PRG says they will to assist them in their difficulties. accept them. The UN is mediating, but nothing appears to be happening. HON. PAUL SIMON "3. If in fact PRG intransigence is the OF ILLINOIS cause of no action, this should be made DUE PROCESS FOR U.I. RECIPIENTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clear to those who desire repatriation. Wednesday, September 3, 1975 Perhaps a committee of six of the ref­ HON. JAMES C. CORMAN ugees should be flown to meet with rep­ OF CALIFORNIA Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, on the re­ resentatives of the PRG to discuss the cent trip to Korea and other nations matter. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which a delegation of 11 Members of "4. We urge that you personally in­ Wednesday, September 3, 1975 congress, headed ably by Congres~~an tervene to break the logjam of red tape. Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, under the LESTER WOLFF, of New York, we v1s1ted "5. The situation is potentially vola­ briefly on the island of Guam. I am current law, a claimant must receive un­ tile. Speed is important." employment compensation "when due" aware that Congressman JOSHUA EILBERG Within 2 days I received a cablegram and his subcommittee have been there and must be given an "opportunity for a from Secretary of State Henry Kis­ fair hearing before an impartial tribu - and reported in greater detail. sjnger which said: But I was moved by two things. nal" if his initial unemployment com­ "We share your concern for the wel­ pensation claim is denied. Interpreting First, the plight of a small nwnber of fare of Vietnamese refugees who are third nation people who worked for the "when due" requirement, the Su­ seeking to return home. We have been preme Court held in 1972, that payment U.S. contractors or the U.S. Gov­ in day-to-day touch with the office of ernment or for one reason or another, of benefits to a claimant eligible at the the United Nations High Commissioner initial interview must continue through found themselves in Vietnam and now for refugees, which has been pressing find themselves in refugee camps, some the period in which his employer's ap­ the authorities of both North anc South peal is pending. Before this decision, of them now for more than 3 months. Vietnam to permit the repatriation of We were advised by representatives of many States suspended payment of bene­ these people. The UNHCR has also re­ fits once the employer filed his appeal. the Department of State that the de­ quested that a delegation of the refug_ees cision on their fate rests with the De­ Although benefit payment must continue be permitted to discuss the matter with while the employer's appeal is pending, partment of Justice. the Vietnamese Authorities. To date The second group which has received this procedure has not been extended to these appeals have not met with a favor­ apply to departmental challenges of appreciably more attention is the gro_up able response. The repatriates have been of South Vietnamese citizens who WlSh claims initially granted. Currently, an fully informed by both UNHCR repre­ individual who has been receiving bene­ to return to South Vietnam. While I am sentatives and U.S. officials that it is the sure initial reaction to their wish to re­ fits is subject to suspension of payments Vietnamese authorities alone who have upon a challenge of his entitlement by turn is somewhat negative, I am equally been preventing the return of the re­ confident that were my colleagues and the appropriate administrative agency. patriates. You (sic) interest is greatly For example, payment to an individual, American citizens generally to talk to appreciated." them they would understand their originally entitled to 10 weeks of benefits, I received the following letter from could be suspended after 5 weeks if the plight a little more. For example, one the Department of Justice: pilot I talked to, who is perhaps 22 or administrative agency thinks that the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, IM­ claimant has refused a suitable job and 23 years old, escaped Vietnam hoping MIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION and believing that his wife and daughter decides to contest the claim. While the SERVICE, challenge is pending the claimant is not might also. As it turns out they were Washington, D.O., August 29, 1975. not able to escape so he finds himself on Hon. PAUL SIMON, entitled to collect benefits. The result is the island of Guam in a refugee camp House of Representatives, that the right to unemployment compen­ while his wife and daughter are in South Washington, D.O. sation payments is terminated or sus­ Vietnam. He wishes to rejoin them even DEAR MR. SIMON: Reference ls made to your pended without a full evidentiary wire of August 5, 1975, sent through the hearing. if it means prison for a short time in American Embassy at Manila, concerning South Vietnam when he returns. The purpose of this bill is to require third country nationals within the refugee that claimants who have been deter­ The tension and feeling among the community on Guam. people on Guam who wish to return to You will be pleased,. I am sure, to learn that mined eligible for benefits continue to South Vietnam is very high. They do not instructions were forwarded to the Immigra­ receive benefits during the period when believe-and in this they appear to be tion and Naturalization Service task force a departmental challenge to the claim representative on Guam on August 4, 1975, is pending as well as provide a full evi­ wrong-that the U.S. Government is dentiary hearing before benefit payments doing all it can to see that they are re­ directing him to parole under the Indochina program those Vietnamese or Cambodian can be cut off. patriated. families with third country national family A Bill to provide that States may not in cer­ From Guam our delegation flew to heads. During the ensuing three or four tain cases terminate the unemployment Manila and from Manila I sent the fol­ days, 56 third country national family heads compensation benefits of unemployed indi­ lowing two telegrams in behalf of my­ along with 127 Vietnamese family members viduals unless the termination is pursuant self, Congressman HERMAN BADILLO and were paroled and are currently in refugee to a written decision by an impartial tri­ Congressman STEVE SOLARZ. The tele- reception centers in the United States. bunal after a fair hearing. 27500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 4, 1975 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Amer­ to believe some reports, are little more that the existence of this power has led to ica in Congress assembled, That (a) para­ than an evil marketing tool designed to undue price enhancement. Apparently, the graph (3) of section 303(a) of the Social Se­ rip-off consumers. Some critics would Justice lawyers have been irritated by the curity Act (42 U.S.C. 503(a)) is amended to even have us believe Americans are pay­ fact that the Agriculture Secretary has ruled read as follows: ing a higher price for their table neces­ in favor of cooperatives on five formal "(3) (A) Opportunity for a fair hearing, be­ sities simply because cooperatives are charges brought under Capper-Volstead, plus fore an impartial tribunal, for all individuals, allowed to exist. numerous other _complaints in which co-ops whose claims for unemployment compensa­ were accused of "using monopoly power." tion are denied; and On the contrary, co-ops have been a Obviously, the Justice proposals have "(B) In the case of an individual who ini­ prime factor in the great American ignored the findings of the National Commis­ tially was determined to be eligible for unem­ phenomenon which sees U.S. e-0nsum­ sion on Food Marketing which, after a two­ ployment compensation for a period of un­ ers expending a much smaller portion of year comprehensive study, concluded that employment, no denial of compensation to their take home pay for the commodi­ cooperatives enhance competition and have a such individual during such period of un­ constructive effect in food marketing for ties they eat than their counterparts in consumers as well as farmers. employment unless- any other nation in the world. It is time "(i) before the denial there was a hearing Although the finger is constantly being which meets the requirements of subsection for cooperative members to take some pointed at the dairy industry, Kenneth (d) before an impartial tribunal, and the credit for their hard work rather than Naden, president of the National Council of denial is pursuant to a written decision by the continuous, poorly thought out barbs Fa-rmer Cooperatives, suggests that if Justice such tribunal after such hearing; that have been indiscriminately tossed is sincerely interested in attacking food "(ii) the individual knowingly and volun­ about of late. monopoly power, it would do well to in­ tarily waives his right to such a hearing; or Hoard's Dairyman in its August 1975, vestigate some obvious areas of concentra­ "(iii) the denial is because the individual tion in the food industry. Naden points out is no longer unemployed (within the mean­ lead editorial proffered an excellent that no mention ls made of the fact that the ing of the law of such State) or the indivld­ analysis of what American cooperatives volume of the four largest dairy coopera­ ual has exhausted all of the compensation are all about, while pointing out some tives is less than one-third the volume of available to him under the law of such State; of the more popular misconceptions put the four largest non-cooperative dairy mar­ and". forth by those who refuse to examine all keting firms. (b) Section 303 of such Act is amended by the facts. This well-documented piece is Or that in such key food areas as meat adding at the end thereof the following new one that I commend to your attention: processing, cooperatives have only a 3 per­ subsection: cent share of the market. Or that the four "(d) A hearing with respect to the claim JUSTICE DEPARTMENT RIDES THE BACKS OF DAmY Co-OPS largest manufacturers of breakfast cereals of any individual for unemployment com­ control about 90 percent of the market. pensation shall meet the requirements of this The voices of the anticooperatives are be­ subsection if- Or that the four largest firms, all non­ coming louder. Unless certain Justice De­ cooperatlve, control the following share of " ( 1) such individual has been given timely partment spokesmen change their attitude written notice of the hearing; on the value of farmer-owned cooperatives, these markets: Soup, 92 percent; baby foods, "(2) such individual may be represented the Capper-Volstead Act, which permits indi­ 95 percent; tomato products and catsup, by counsel at the hearing, vidual farmers to join together to market a 81 percent; soft drinks, 89 percent; instant "(3) such individual may present evidence product, could be in serious jeopardy. coffee, 81 percent; baking powder and yeast, at the hearing and cross-examine witnesses Some high-ranking Justice officials be­ 86 percent; dessert mixes, 86 percent; and presented by the State; and lieve that this law, which has been tested for grain mill products and refrigerated dough, " ( 4) the decision by the tribunal before over half a century, permits farmers to 81 percent. By contrast, the four largest which the hearing is conducted is in writing achieve harmfu1 monopoly power through firms selling butter have control of only 14 and based only on evidence presented at the their co-ops and, thus, causes undue food percent of the market. hearing." price increases. There's no question but what a concerted ( c) The amendment made by this section The f·aJlacy of this argument is evidenced shall apply with respect to certifications un­ effort is being made to make farmer coopera­ oy the fact that farm prices have dropped in tives the scapegoat for rising food prices. der section 302 of the Social Security Act 7 of the last 12 months while food prices have after December 31, 1975. 0ontinued to rise. Any first-year student of The situation has been summarized well by economics knows that it's necessary to con­ the Agribusiness Accountability Project, a trol the national output of a commodity to public interest group which has been criti­ JUSTICE DEPARTMENT RIDES THE develop substantial market power. Farmers cal, at times, of some cooperative activities. BACKS OF DAffiY CO-OPS simply don't have such control. Dairy farm­ It stated, "Cooperatives are everybody's ers can't turn off milk production when sales easy tal'lget today, but overall they don't drop like a car manufacturer can shut down make much of a difference in the price of HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER an assembly line. food on the shelf. The political scandal over OF WISCONSIN Justice has made se·veral proposals for milk prices has put cooperatives in the pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amending the Capper-Volstead Act. One lic mind, and going after them has become Wednesday, September 3, 1975 would eliminate the provision that the Sec­ a way of looking good without getting at reta-ry or Ag:rtculture be the authority to de­ the real problem of domination of food proc­ Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. termine the presence of monopoly power essing and retalling by the giant corpora­ Speaker, farm cooperatives, if one were among co-ops, as well as the one to determine tions."

SENATE-Thursday, September 4, 1975 The Senate met at 12 noon and was fairs of government, for all who legislate The legislative clerk read the following called to order by Hon. HENRY BELLMON, in the people's name, for all who shape letter: a Senator from the State of Oklahoma. policy by work and speech and vote, for U.S. SENATE, all who write what other people read and PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, PRAYER Washington, D.C., September 4, 1975. for all who hold aloft the torch of truth To the Senate: The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward and justice in the world. And, above all, Being temporarily absent from the Senate L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following we pray for clean hands and pure hearts on official duties, I appoint Hon. HENRY BELL­ prayer: worthy of the trust the Nation has com­ MON, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma, mitted to our keeping. to perform the duties of the Chair during my Eternal Father, giver of every good We pray in the Great Redeemer's absence. and perfect gift, we pray that the inner name. Amen. JAMES 0. EASTLAND, quality of our hearts and the outer con­ President pro tempore. duct of our lives may match the high Mr. BELLMON thereupon took the challenge of the tasks committed to us. APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ chair as Acting President pro tempore. Equip us in mind and spirit that we may DENT PRO TEMPORE be part of the answer and not part of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk problem of our social order. We pray for will please read a communication to the THE JOURNAL all who shape the destiny of the world in Senate from the President pro tempore Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask our time, for all who administer the af- (Mr. EASTLAND). -unanimous consent that the reading of