DOCSLIB.ORG

First Records of the Spotted Rail (Pardirallus Maculatus) for the United States, Chile, Bolivia and Western Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
First Records of the Spotted Rail (Pardirallus Maculatus) for the United States, Chile, Bolivia and Western Mexico First records of the Spotted Rail (Pardirallus maculatus) for the United States, Chile, Bolivia and western Mexico Breeding range extensionsfor this elusive species,plus documentation of wanderings as much as 1700 miles Kenneth C. Parkes, Douglas P. Kibbe, and Edward L. Roth have a fairly continuous range in suitable I• SPOTTEDa NeotropicalRAIL(Pardirallus species, roughlymaculatus) mid- habitat throughout the Caribbean slope of way in size between the familiar Virginia Middle America" -- the limitation of their (Railus limicola) and King (R. elegans)Rails prediction to the Caribbean slope was of North America. Although the senior probably superfluous,as we shall see. In author previously followed those authors South America, the known range is also dis- who merge Pardirallus into Railus (Dicker- junct. It was given by Meyer de Schauensee man and Parkes, 1969),Olson (1973)has pre- (1966) as: "SURINAM; FRENCH GUIANA; sented convincingevidence that the Spotted westward through VENEZUELA (Aragua, Rail and its South American relatives are not Carabobo, Portuguesa and M•rida) to the at all closely related to true Rallus, justifying Cauca Valley in COLOMBIA. Eastern resurrection of the genus Pardirallus. The BRAZIL from Pardi, Ceani, Pernambuco, argument of Ripley (1977: 27) that the many Alagoas and Bahia, spottily south to Rio anatomical differences between Railus and Grande do Sul; URUGUAY; PARAGUAY, Pardirallus are not of a generic nature but ARGENTINA south to Tucum,•in, C6rdoba, merely reflect "adaptations to open swamp and Buenos Aires. Western PERU in Piura, life and more migratory habit as contrasted Lambayeque and Libertad. Trinidad and to tropical .jungle life and reduced, flapping Tobago." There is also an isolated popula- flight," respectively, is clearly irrelevant. tion in Cuba, and the speciesis said to have Pardirallus maculatus, in spiteof its anatomi- formerly occurredin Jamaica(Bond, 1974) cal "adaptations," sharesthe typical habitat The Spotted Rail was first described by and flight ability of Rallus and is by no means Boddaert in 1783, based on a specimenfrom a bird of tropical jungles. Cayenne, French Guiana. Bangs and Peck Like many other membersof its family, the (1908) gave the subspecificname insolitusto Spotted Rail is usually shy and elusive. a single specimenfrom British Honduras, at Moreover, its preferred habitat is dense that time the only known specimen from freshwater marshes of cattails or other tall Middle America. Later, Bangs (1913) gave grasses, sedges,rice, etc., where it could the name inoptatusto the Cubanpopulation, escapeobservation for many years. Although having compared two Cuban specimensw•th there is an apparent hiatus in the known the still unique type of insolitusand one old range of the species in Central America (it South American specimen. Watson (1962) has not been recorded from Guatemala, Hon- assembled 13 specimensfrom Cuba, five of duras [contra Haverschmidt, 1968], El Salva- which he had collected himself. He found that dor, or Nicaragua), Birkenholz and Jenni the alleged characters of inoptatus were (1964) were almost certainly correct in their invalid, with the range of variation among prediction that this species "will prove to Cuban birds being the same as that among Volume32, Number3 295 South American. Bond (1963) and Ripley County, Pennsylvania. In particular, he was (1977) followed Watson in synonymizing surveying a 500-foot natural draft cooling tnoptatus with rnaculatus. tower, searching a walkway around the LTHOUGHSOME AUTHORS haveconsidered tower about 60 feet above its base. On the the Middle American race insolitus as a east-southeast side of the tower, he found a "weakly characterized form" (Bond, 1963), large, dark rail that had obviouslystruck the it is, in fact, an excellent subspecies.The tower itself, and slid down to lodge between brown feather edgingsof the back and wings the inner walkway and the tower wall. He are darker and duller in insolitus, but these tentatively identified it as a juvenile King colors are subjectto wear and fading, and the Rail, an understandable error as this is the differences are not always obvious unless only large rail to be expected in western unworn birds are being compared. A much Pennsylvania, and donated the specimento better character, which is not eliminated by Carnegie Museum of Natural History wear, is the nature of the white markingsof Parkeswas away when the bird wasdelivered, the upperparts that give the species its but when he took it out of the freezer upon English name. The white spots of the lower his return he was astonished to find that it back and scapulars of the nominate race are was an adult Spotted Rail. Although Kibbe larger than those of insolitus, and are elon- surveyed the tower only once a week, the gated, those of the scapulars being streaks freshness of the thawed specimen made it rather than spots. Although other authors evident that it must have struck the tower seem to have missedthis point, there is also a during the night of November 11-12. It had difference in bill size. Culmen lengths of the clearly been following the fiver valley; specimens in the American and Carnegie althoughthe tower is 500 feet tall, the bluffs Museums of Natural History were as fol- on either side of the Ohio in this area rise to lows' rnadulatus,12 c•c• 43-48 mm (mean well above 1000feet. The Ohio and its major 45 5), 3 9 9 41.5-42.5 (41.8). insolitus, 3 c•c• tributaries wind around so much in this 46-52 (49.3); 2 9 9 41, 45. Measurements pre- general area that it is impossibleto know sented by Watson (1962) indicate that the what the bird's general flight path had been Cuban population, although like maculatus Accordingto Storrs Olson (pers.comm. to m color, is nearer insolitusin bill length:5 c•c• Parkes), there are no more than about three 47.5-50.5 (49.4); 6 9 9 43-48.5 (45.8). Larger skeletons of Pardirallus maculatus in exist- series would undoubtedlyadd to the overlap ence in museums.Parkes therefore prepared of measurements,but insolitusseems definitely the Pennsylvaniaspecimen as a study skin, to have larger bills than maculatus;bills of the but also prepared a complete skeleton latter are more slender as well as shorter. lacking only the bill and the wing and leg Th•s species is unusual not only among bones of the right side. The bird was an adult rails but among birds in general in that them male, moderately fat. It was not weighed are three color phasesin the juvenal plumage AlthoughRipley (1977) mentionsonly animal (Dickerman and Haverschmidt, 1971). No food for this species, the stomach of the corresponding color phases have been des- Pennsylvania bird contained only seeds of cnbed among adults, but the number of Potamogeton epihydrus, a common and molting specimensavailable is not enough to widely distributed pondweed well known as a determine whether the "individual varia- food of our native rails. tion" described by Watson and others may, HEQUESTION NATURALLY ARISES asto the m fact, be correlated with the juvenal possibility of this bird having escaped plumage color phases. from captivity. There was no physicalindica- tion that the bird had been a captive -- the NthenNOVEMBER working12, for1976, anKibbe, environmental whowas bill and feet were perfectly normal both in impact firm in Pittsburgh, made his regular structure and color when the bird was weekly survey for avian migrant mortality at thawed out. Relatively few speciesof Rallidae a nuclear power plant on the south bank of are imported alive into the United States, the Ohio River at Beaver Valley, Beaver and this species is not listed in any of the 296 AmericanBirds, May 1978 bility of hurricane transport. This cannot be the explanation for the presenceof a Spotted Rail in Pennsylvania in November 1976, however. It happens that 1976 was an unusual year: "An anomalousfeature of this [1976] season is the complete absence of storms in both the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico" (Lawrence, 1977). Eliminating importation by man and trans- portation by windstorm, we are left with no real clues as to how this Spotted Rail got to Pennsylvania. However, members of the family Rallidae are notorious for wandering far out of their normal ranges,in spite of their deceptively weak-looking flight. An out- standing example is the familiar Purple Gal- Figure 1. Spotted Rail, posterior view, showing iinule (Porphyrula martinica), which has extended wing from above. wandered as far as the subantarctic island of South Georgia as well as to the Falkland Islands, Tristan da Cunha Island, Ascension Island, St. Helena Island, and South Africa (Ripley, 1977). Almost all of the Pacific islands are inhabited by rails, which had to have reached these islands by long trans- oceanic flights (possibly combined with raft- ing). Prior to the preparation of this paper, there was nothingin the literature to suggest that Pardira!!us maculatus might be subject to similar wanderings. Two unpublished specimens in the American Museum of Natural History demonstrate that such wandering has, in fact, taken place in previ- ous years. On September 19, 1906, J. T. Figure 2. Spotted Rail, anterior view, showing Nichols picked up a Spotted Rail of the underside of extended left wing. Photos/Kenneth nominate race (now AMNH 90380) aboard C. Parkes. ship at 2 IøS, 37øW, which is about 200 miles recent publications of the U.S. Fish and southeast of the nearest point of land on Wildlife Service that include all live birds the Brazilian coast. Even more dramatic known to have been imported here. Avicui- was another specimen of P.m. maculatus turalists consulted by Parkes have never (AMNH 445164) killed by a cat on Juan Fer- heard of its being kept in this country. The nandez Island, Chile, and preserved by a only clue to the bird's ultimateorigin lies in native who gave it to Rollo Beck about the geographicvariation in the species.The November I, 1913.This specimen,a mummy nearest known breeding localities to Pennsyl- lacking many feathers but clearly identifi- vania are Cuba and the coastal lowlands of able, constitutes the first record of the Veracruz, Mexico.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Telecrex Restudied: a Small Eocene Guineafowl
    TELECREX RESTUDIED: A SMALL EOCENE GUINEAFOWL STORRS L. OLSON In reviewing a number of the fossil species presently placed in the Rallidae, I have had occasion to examine the unique type-an incomplete femur-of Telecrex grangeri Wetmore (1934)) described from the Upper Eocene (Irdin Manha Formation) at Chimney Butte, Shara Murun region, Inner Mongolia. Although Wetmore assigned this fossil to the Rallidae, he felt that the species was distinct enough to be placed in a separate subfamily (Telecrecinae) ; this he considered to be ancestral to the modern Rallinae. After apparently ex- amining the type, Cracraft (1973b:17) assessed it as “decidedly raillike in the shape of the bone but distinct in the antero-posterior flattening of the head and shaft.” However, he suggested that Wetmores’ conclusions about its relationships to the Rallinae would have to be re-evaluated. Actually, Tele- crex bears very little resemblance to rails, and the distinctive proximal flat- tening of the shaft (but not of the head, contra Cracraft) is a feature peculiar to certain of the Galliformes. Further, my comparisons show Telecrex to be closest to the guineafowls (Numididae), a family hitherto known only from Africa and Europe. DISCUSSION The type specimen of Telecrex grangeri (AMNH 2942) is a right femur, lacking the distal end and part of the trochanter (Fig. 1). Its measurements are: proximal width 11.6 mm, depth of head 4.2, width of shaft at midpoint 4.6, depth of shaft at midpoint 4.1, overall length (as preserved ) 46.1. Telecrex differs from all rails
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Maps and Plans Appendix184 Map 1: Conservation Categories for the Nominated Property
    Appendix 1: Maps and Plans Appendix184 Map 1: Conservation Categories for the Nominated Property. Los Alerces National Park, Argentina 185 Map 2: Andean-North Patagonian Biosphere Reserve: Context for the Nominated Proprty. Los Alerces National Park, Argentina 186 Map 3: Vegetation of the Valdivian Ecoregion 187 Map 4: Vegetation Communities in Los Alerces National Park 188 Map 5: Strict Nature and Wildlife Reserve 189 Map 6: Usage Zoning, Los Alerces National Park 190 Map 7: Human Settlements and Infrastructure 191 Appendix 2: Species Lists Ap9n192 Appendix 2.1 List of Plant Species Recorded at PNLA 193 Appendix 2.2: List of Animal Species: Mammals 212 Appendix 2.3: List of Animal Species: Birds 214 Appendix 2.4: List of Animal Species: Reptiles 219 Appendix 2.5: List of Animal Species: Amphibians 220 Appendix 2.6: List of Animal Species: Fish 221 Appendix 2.7: List of Animal Species and Threat Status 222 Appendix 3: Law No. 19,292 Append228 Appendix 4: PNLA Management Plan Approval and Contents Appendi242 Appendix 5: Participative Process for Writing the Nomination Form Appendi252 Synthesis 252 Management Plan UpdateWorkshop 253 Annex A: Interview Guide 256 Annex B: Meetings and Interviews Held 257 Annex C: Self-Administered Survey 261 Annex D: ExternalWorkshop Participants 262 Annex E: Promotional Leaflet 264 Annex F: Interview Results Summary 267 Annex G: Survey Results Summary 272 Annex H: Esquel Declaration of Interest 274 Annex I: Trevelin Declaration of Interest 276 Annex J: Chubut Tourism Secretariat Declaration of Interest 278
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines Version 2.0
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 115 Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines Version 2.0 October 1997 Seattle, Washington noaa NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION National Ocean Service Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce The Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment (ORCA) provides decisionmakers comprehensive, scientific information on characteristics of the oceans, coastal areas, and estuaries of the United States of America. The information ranges from strategic, national assessments of coastal and estuarine environmental quality to real-time information for navigation or hazardous materials spill response. Through its National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program, ORCA uses uniform techniques to monitor toxic chemical contamination of bottom-feeding fish, mussels and oysters, and sediments at about 300 locations throughout the United States. A related NS&T Program of directed research examines the relationships between contaminant exposure and indicators of biological responses in fish and shellfish. Through the Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division (HAZMAT) Scientific Support Coordination program, ORCA provides critical scientific support for planning and responding to spills of oil or hazardous materials into coastal environments. Technical guidance includes spill trajectory predictions, chemical hazard analyses, and assessments of the sensitivity of marine and estuarine environments to spills. To fulfill the responsibilities of the Secretary of Commerce as a trustee for living marine resources, HAZMAT’s Coastal Resource Coordination program provides technical support to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during all phases of the remedial process to protect the environment and restore natural resources at hundreds of waste sites each year.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa Rallid Quest 15Th to 23Rd February 2019 (9 Days)
    South Africa Rallid Quest 15th to 23rd February 2019 (9 days) Buff-spotted Flufftail by Adam Riley RBT Rallid Quest Itinerary 2 Never before in birding history has a trip been offered as unique and exotic as this Rallid Quest through Southern Africa. This exhilarating birding adventure targets every possible rallid and flufftail in the Southern African region! Included in this spectacular list of Crakes, Rails, Quails and Flufftails are near-mythical species such as Striped Crake, White-winged, Streaky-breasted, Chestnut-headed and Striped Flufftails and Blue Quail, along with a supporting cast of Buff-spotted and Red-chested Flufftails, African, Baillon’s, Spotted and Corn Crakes, African Rail, Allen’s Gallinule, Lesser Moorhen and Black-rumped Buttonquail. As if these once-in-a-lifetime target rallids and rail-like species aren’t enough, we’ll also be on the lookout for a number of the region’s endemics and specialties, especially those species restricted to the miombo woodland, mushitu forest and dambos of Zimbabwe and Zambia such as Chaplin’s and Anchieta’s Barbet, Black-cheeked Lovebird, Bar-winged Weaver, Bocage’s Akalat, Ross’s Turaco and Locust Finch to mention just a few. THE TOUR AT A GLANCE… THE MAIN TOUR ITINERARY Day 1 Arrival in Johannesburg and drive to Dullstroom Day 2 Dullstroom area Day 3 Dullstroom to Pietermaritzburg via Wakkerstroom Day 4 Pietermaritzburg and surrounds Day 5 Pietermaritzburg to Ntsikeni, Drakensberg Foothills Day 6 Ntsikeni, Drakensberg Foothills Day 7 Ntsikeni, Drakensberg Foothills to Johannesburg Day 8 Johannesburg to Zaagkuilsdrift via Marievale and Zonderwater Day 9 Zaagkuilsdrift to Johannesburg and departure RBT Rallid Quest Itinerary 3 TOUR ROUTE MAP… RBT Rallid Quest Itinerary 4 THE TOUR IN DETAIL… Day 1: Arrival in Johannesburg and drive to Dullstroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Houde2009chap64.Pdf
    Cranes, rails, and allies (Gruiformes) Peter Houde of these features are subject to allometric scaling. Cranes Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 are exceptional migrators. While most rails are generally MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA ([email protected]) more sedentary, they are nevertheless good dispersers. Many have secondarily evolved P ightlessness aJ er col- onizing remote oceanic islands. Other members of the Abstract Grues are nonmigratory. 7 ey include the A nfoots and The cranes, rails, and allies (Order Gruiformes) form a mor- sungrebe (Heliornithidae), with three species in as many phologically eclectic group of bird families typifi ed by poor genera that are distributed pantropically and disjunctly. species diversity and disjunct distributions. Molecular data Finfoots are foot-propelled swimmers of rivers and lakes. indicate that Gruiformes is not a natural group, but that it 7 eir toes, like those of coots, are lobate rather than pal- includes a evolutionary clade of six “core gruiform” fam- mate. Adzebills (Aptornithidae) include two recently ilies (Suborder Grues) and a separate pair of closely related extinct species of P ightless, turkey-sized, rail-like birds families (Suborder Eurypygae). The basal split of Grues into from New Zealand. Other extant Grues resemble small rail-like and crane-like lineages (Ralloidea and Gruoidea, cranes or are morphologically intermediate between respectively) occurred sometime near the Mesozoic– cranes and rails, and are exclusively neotropical. 7 ey Cenozoic boundary (66 million years ago, Ma), possibly on include three species in one genus of forest-dwelling the southern continents. Interfamilial diversifi cation within trumpeters (Psophiidae) and the monotypic Limpkin each of the ralloids, gruoids, and Eurypygae occurred within (Aramidae) of both forested and open wetlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Great Bustard (Otis Tarda) in Morocco 2016–2025
    Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Morocco 2016–2025 IUCN Bustard Specialist Group About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance of its use, and deploying nature- based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and development. IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world, and brings governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO Members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.org About the IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation The IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation was opened in October 2001 with the core support of the Spanish Ministry of Environment, the regional Government of Junta de Andalucía and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). The mission of IUCN-Med is to influence, encourage and assist Mediterranean societies to conserve and sustainably use natural resources in the region, working with IUCN members and cooperating with all those sharing the same objectives of IUCN. www.iucn.org/mediterranean About the IUCN Species Survival Commission The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of IUCN’s six volunteer commissions with a global membership of 9,000 experts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Classification of the Rallidae
    A CLASSIFICATION OF THE RALLIDAE STARRY L. OLSON HE family Rallidae, containing over 150 living or recently extinct species T and having one of the widest distributions of any family of terrestrial vertebrates, has, in proportion to its size and interest, received less study than perhaps any other major group of birds. The only two attempts at a classifi- cation of all of the recent rallid genera are those of Sharpe (1894) and Peters (1934). Although each of these lists has some merit, neither is satisfactory in reflecting relationships between the genera and both often separate closely related groups. In the past, no attempt has been made to identify the more primitive members of the Rallidae or to illuminate evolutionary trends in the family. Lists almost invariably begin with the genus Rdus which is actually one of the most specialized genera of the family and does not represent an ancestral or primitive stock. One of the difficulties of rallid taxonomy arises from the relative homo- geneity of the family, rails for the most part being rather generalized birds with few groups having morphological modifications that clearly define them. As a consequence, particularly well-marked genera have been elevated to subfamily rank on the basis of characters that in more diverse families would not be considered as significant. Another weakness of former classifications of the family arose from what Mayr (194933) referred to as the “instability of the morphology of rails.” This “instability of morphology,” while seeming to belie what I have just said about homogeneity, refers only to the characteristics associated with flightlessness-a condition that appears with great regularity in island rails and which has evolved many times.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruínas E Urubus: História Da Ornitologia No Paraná. Período De Natterer, 1 (1820 a 1834) ; Por Fernando C
    Hori Cadernos Técnicos 5 RUÍNAS E URUBUS: HISTÓRIA DA ORNITOLOGIA NO PARANÁ PERÍODO DE NATTERER, 1 (1820 a 1834) 1a Edição Fernando C. Straube Hori Consultoria Ambiental Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil Setembro de 2012 © URBEN-FILHO & STRAUBE CONSULTORES S/S LTDA. Ficha catalográfica preparada por DIONE SERIPIERRI (Museu de Zoologia, USP) Straube, Fernando C. Ruínas e urubus: história da ornitologia no Paraná. Período de Natterer, 1 (1820 a 1834) ; por Fernando C. Straube, apresentação de Renato S. Bérnils. – Curitiba, Pr: Hori Consultoria Ambiental, 2012. 241p. (Hori Cadernos Técnicos n. 5) ISBN 978-85-62546-05-1 1. Aves - Paraná. 2. Paraná - Ornitologia. 3. Ornitologia – História. I. Straube, Fernando C. II. Bérnils, Renato S., apresent. II. Título. III. Série. Depósito Legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme Decreto n1825, de 20 de dezembro de 1907. Dados internacionais de Catalogação da Publicação (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, São Paulo, Brasil) Capa: Composição com mata de araucária na Lapa (Paraná) (Foto: F.C.Straube), documentos e imagens de autoria de Aimée Adrien Taunay, Michael Sandler, Auguste de Saint-Hilaire e Jean Baptiste Debret, citados no texto. Foto em destaque: urubu-rei (Sarcoramphus papa) de Cassiano “Zapa” Zaparoli Zaniboni (www.zapa.photoshelter.com). 2012 http://www.hori.bio.br HORI CADERNOS TÉCNICOS n° 5 ISBN: 978-85-62546-05-1 CURITIBA, SETEMBRO DE 2012 CITAÇÃO RECOMENDADA Straube, F.C. 2012. Ruínas e urubus: História da Ornitologia no Paraná. Período de Natterer, 1 (1820 a 1834). Curitiba, Hori Consultoria Ambiental. Hori Cadernos Técnicos n° 5, 241+xiii pp. ABERTURA O CENTENÁRIO DA ORNITOLOGIA PARANAENSE “Às minhas viagens ao Paraná, atribuo a importância para que a continuidade do trabalho polonês na América do Sul não seja interrompida.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Turtles of the Galápagos Islands and Adjacent Areas of the Eastern Pacific on the Basis of Observations Made by J
    Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Marine Turtles of the Galápagos Islands and Adjacent Areas of the Eastern Pacific on the Basis of Observations Made by J. R. Slevin 1905-1906 Author(s): Thomas H. Fritts Source: Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Jul. 31, 1981), pp. 293-301 Published by: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1563432 Accessed: 05-04-2021 18:18 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Herpetology This content downloaded from 205.156.56.35 on Mon, 05 Apr 2021 18:18:02 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 1981 JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 15(3):293-301 Marine Turtles of the Galapagos Islands and Adjacent Areas of the Eastern Pacific on the Basis of Observations made by J. R. Slevin 1905-1906 Thomas H. Fritts U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Tulane University Museum of Natural History, Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037 ABSTRACT-The field notes of J.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 114(2):509-516
    — L PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 114(2):509-516. 200 A new species of large flightless rail of the Rallus longirostris/elegans complex (Aves: Rallidae) from the late Pleistocene of Bermuda Storrs L. Olson and David B. Wingate (SLO) Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560-0116, U.S.A.; (DBW) Bermuda Natural History Museum, P. O. Box FL 145, Flatts, Bermuda Abstract. —Rallus recessus, new species, probably derived from the King Rail R. elegans, is described from a cave deposit exposed in quarrying oper- ations on the island of Bermuda. This species had the reduced elements of the wing and pectoral girdle and more robust hindlimbs typical of flightless rails. It is the only member of the largest size-class of the genus Rallus known to have colonized an oceanic island and become flightless. It was present on Bermuda during the last (Wisconsinan) glacial period and appears to have become extinct naturally due to changing environmental conditions associated with changes in sea level. Fluctuating sea-levels dramatically al- now known to be correct, the crane fauna tered the land area of the North Atlantic is probably not as old as they hypothesized. island of Bermuda during the Pleistocene, The following description of the large causing natural turnover in major elements rail is based entirely on the specimens col- of the island's biota, particularly birds. At lected in 1960 from "Rail Cave" in Gov- least two different avifaunas have been rec- ernment Quarry. Additional material of the ognized from undated caves and fissures species has since been found in two other deposits that are investigation P.
    [Show full text]
  • ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
    ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced APPLICATION: STANDARDS: ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced is used as bare • B-230 Aluminum wire, 1350-H19 for Electrical Purposes overhead transmission cable and as primary and secondary • B-232 Aluminum Conductors, Concentric-Lay-Stranded, distribution cable. ACSR offers optimal strength for line design. Coated Steel Reinforced (ACSR) BARE ALUMINUM Variable steel core stranding for desired strength to be achieved • B-341 Aluminum-Coated Steel Core Wire for Aluminum without sacrificing ampacity. Conductors, Steel Reinforced (ACSR/AZ) • B-498 Zinc-Coated Steel Core Wire for Aluminum CONDUCTORS: Conductors, Steel Reinforced (ACSR) • B-500 Metallic Coated Stranded Steel Core for Aluminum • Aluminum alloy 1350-H119 wires, concentrically stranded Conductors, Steel Reinforced (ACSR) around a steel core available with Class A, B or C galvanizing; • RUS Accepted aluminum coated (AZ); or aluminum-clad steel core (AL). Additional corrosion protection is available through the application of grease to the core or infusion of the complete cable with grease. Also available with Non Specular surface finish. Resistance** Diameter(inch) Weight (lbs/kft) Content % Size Rated (Ohms/kft) Ampacity* Code (AWG Stranding Breaking Individual Wire Comp. (amps) Word or (AL/STL) Strength DC @ AC @ kcmil) Steel Cable AL STL Total AL STL (lbs.) AL STL 20ºC 75ºC Core OD Turkey 6 6/1 0.0661 0.0661 0.0664 0.198 24.5 11.6 36 67.90 32.10 1,190 0.6410 0.806 105 Swan 4 6/1 0.0834 0.0834 0.0834 0.250 39.0 18.4 57 67.90 32.10
    [Show full text]
  • AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America
    AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America Proposal Set 2016-C No. Page Title 01 02 Change the English name of Alauda arvensis to Eurasian Skylark 02 06 Recognize Lilian’s Meadowlark Sturnella lilianae as a separate species from S. magna 03 20 Change the English name of Euplectes franciscanus to Northern Red Bishop 04 25 Transfer Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis to Antigone 05 29 Add Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris to the U.S. list 06 31 Revise our higher-level linear sequence as follows: (a) Move Strigiformes to precede Trogoniformes; (b) Move Accipitriformes to precede Strigiformes; (c) Move Gaviiformes to precede Procellariiformes; (d) Move Eurypygiformes and Phaethontiformes to precede Gaviiformes; (e) Reverse the linear sequence of Podicipediformes and Phoenicopteriformes; (f) Move Pterocliformes and Columbiformes to follow Podicipediformes; (g) Move Cuculiformes, Caprimulgiformes, and Apodiformes to follow Columbiformes; and (h) Move Charadriiformes and Gruiformes to precede Eurypygiformes 07 45 Transfer Neocrex to Mustelirallus 08 48 (a) Split Ardenna from Puffinus, and (b) Revise the linear sequence of species of Ardenna 09 51 Separate Cathartiformes from Accipitriformes 10 58 Recognize Colibri cyanotus as a separate species from C. thalassinus 11 61 Change the English name “Brush-Finch” to “Brushfinch” 12 62 Change the English name of Ramphastos ambiguus 13 63 Split Plain Wren Cantorchilus modestus into three species 14 71 Recognize the genus Cercomacroides (Thamnophilidae) 15 74 Split Oceanodroma cheimomnestes and O. socorroensis from Leach’s Storm- Petrel O. leucorhoa 2016-C-1 N&MA Classification Committee p. 453 Change the English name of Alauda arvensis to Eurasian Skylark There are a dizzying number of larks (Alaudidae) worldwide and a first-time visitor to Africa or Mongolia might confront 10 or more species across several genera.
    [Show full text]