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Improved Water and Land Management in the Ethiopian Highlands: Its Impact on Downstream Stakeholders Dependent on the Blue Nile

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Improved Water and Land Management in the Ethiopian Highlands: Its Impact on Downstream Stakeholders Dependent on the Blue Nile Improved Water and Land Management in the Ethiopian Highlands: Its Impact on Downstream Stakeholders Dependent on the Blue Nile Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop February 5-6, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Organized by IWMI Subregional Office for East Africa and Nile Basin, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Compiled by Seleshi B. Awulachew, Teklu Erkossa, Vladimir Smakhtin and Ashra Fernando Improved Water and Land Management in the Ethiopian Highlands: Its Impact on Downstream Stakeholders Dependent on the Blue Nile Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop February 5-6, 2009 Compiled by Seleshi B. Awulachew, Teklu Erkossa, Vladimir Smakhtin and Ashra Fernando IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) supported the project, the workshop and the outputs reported here; IWMI together with International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Cornell University (CU), USA; the Omdurman Islamic University, UNESCO Chair in Water Resources (OIU, UNESCO-CWR), Sudan; Bahir Dar University, Addis Ababa University, Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Forum for Social Studies, Ethiopia have implemented the project and the papers presented here. Awulachew, S. B.; Erkossa, T.; Smakhtin, V.; Fernando, A. (Comp.). 2009. Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian highlands: Its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile. Intermediate Results Dissemination Workshop held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 5-6 February 2009. Summary report, abstracts of papers with proceedings on CD-ROM. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. doi:10.3910/2009.201 / river basin management / water governance / simulation models / reservoirs / sedimentation / hydrology / water balance / erosion / soil conservation / watersheds / irrigation schemes /Blue Nile / Ethiopia / Sudan / ISBN 978-92-9090-716-9 Copyright © 2009, by IWMI. All rights reserved. IWMI encourages the use of its material provided that the organization is acknowledged and kept informed in all such instances. Please send inquiries and comments to: [email protected] 3 Table of Contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................... v SESSION I: OPENING AND GENERAL ...................................... 1 Opening address ............................................................................................ 2 Dr. Akissa Bahri ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Dr. Kim Geheb .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Blue Nile Basin Characterization and Geospatial Atlas ........................... 6 Impacts of Improving Water Management of Smallholder Agriculture in the Upper Blue Nile Basin ........................................................................ 7 SESSION II: WATER DEMAND MODELING .......................... 22 Simulation of Water Resource Development and Environmental Flows in the Lake Tana Subbasin ........................................................................ 23 Water Balance Assessment of the Roseires Reservoir ............................ 38 Improving Water Management Practices in the Rahad Scheme ........... 50 Analysis of Water Use on a Large River Basin Using MIKE BASIN Model - A Case Study of the Abbay River Basin, Ethiopia .................... 70 Application of the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) Model to Simulate Current and Future Water Demand in the Blue Nile ............. 78 Sediment Accumulation in Roseires Reservoir ........................................ 89 Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-Based Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling: A Case of the Gumera Watershed in Lake Tana Subbasin ..................................................................................................... 100 Modeling of soil erosion and sediment transport in the Blue Nile Basin using the Open Model Interface Approach ............................................ 132 Rainfall-discharge relationships for monsoonal climates ..................... 141 i Table of Contents A Water Balance-Based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for Improved Performance in the Ethiopian Highlands ............................. 152 SESSION III: WATERSHED MODELING ............................... 159 Assessment of Hydrological Controls on Gully Formation and Upland Erosion near Lake Tana, Northern Highlands of Ethiopia .................. 160 Assessment of Hydrological and Landscape Controls on Gully Formation and Upland Erosion near Lake Tana .................................. 162 Lessons from Upstream Soil Conservation Measures to Mitigate Soil Erosion and its Impact on Upstream and Downstream Users of the Nile River ........................................................................................................... 170 SESSION IV: POLICY AND INSTITUTIONS ......................... 184 Assessment of Local Land and Water Institutions in the Blue Nile and their Impact on Environmental Management ....................................... 185 Benefit-Sharing Framework in Transboundary River Basins: The Case of the Eastern Nile Subbasin .................................................................... 232 Transboundary Water Governance Institutional Architecture: Reflections from Ethiopia and Sudan ..................................................... 246 Prospect of Payments for Environmental Services in the Blue Nile Basin: Examples from Koga and Gumera Watersheds, Ethiopia ....... 254 SESSION V: MINUTES SUMMARY, LIST OF POSTERS AND ANNEXES ................................................................................... 281 Minutes summary ..................................................................................... 282 List of Posters ............................................................................................ 298 Annexes ...................................................................................................... 300 List of Participants .................................................................................... 301 ii Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This proceedings booklet and the attached CD contain the results of the workshop conducted during February 5- 6, 2009 and present findings from PN19 ‗Improved Water and Land Management in the Ethiopian Highlands and its Impact on Downstream Stakeholders Dependent on the Blue Nile (Upstream/ Downstream in Blue Nile)‖. The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) supported the project, the workshop and the outputs reported here. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) together with International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Cornell University (CU), USA, the Omdurman Islamic University, UNESCO Chair in Water Resources (OIU, UNESCO-CWR), Sudan, Bahir Dar University (BDU), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI), Forum for Social Studies (FSS), Ethiopia, have implemented the project and were involved in the papers presented here. The authors of the papers and beneficiaries of the project would like to thank the support rendered to implement the project and conduct the workshop. Project The reports and papers included in this booklet and on the CD are part of the projects related to the Nile Basin supported by the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). Partners UNES CHAIR IN CO WATER RESOU RCES ج.اWATE RUN IS .ESCLIFEس About the CPWF O- . Water scarcity is one of the most pressingCW issues facing humanity today. The Challenge O.I.U. Program on Water and Food (CPWF), anR initiative of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), contributes to efforts of the inter-national community to ensure global diversions of water to agriculture are maintained at the level of the year 2000. It is a multiinstitutional research initiative that aims to increase water productivity for agriculture-that is, to change the way water is managed and used to meet international food security and poverty eradication goals-and to leave more water for other users and the environment. The CPWF deals with complex agriculture-related systems, for which there are a growing number of stakeholders generating information. Its community-of-practice works in innovative ways to collate, unify, organize, extract, distill and share the ideas, information and knowledge to allow next-users to gain insights and deduce principles, concepts and cause-and-effect relationships from its research results. To help achieve this, the CPWF focuses on building multi-disciplinary north-south and south-south iii Acknowledgements partnerships, as demonstrated by the work produced in this special journal of Water Policy. www.waterandfood.org iv General Introduction Introduction This proceeding provides the papers and discussion results of a two-day workshop that was organized at International Water Management Institute (IWMI) office in Addis Ababa during the
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