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MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS, 1995-1998 H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville TRUSTEES, 1994-1997 JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia DALE REESMAN, Boonville TRUSTEES, 1995-1998 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield R. CROSBY KEMPER III, St. Louis JAMES A. BARNES, Raytown VIRGINIA LAAS, Joplin VERA F. BURK, Kirksville EMORY MELTON, Cassville RICHARD DECOSTER, Canton DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City TRUSTEES, 1996-1999 HENRIETTA AMBROSE, Webster Groves JAMES R. MAYO, Bloomfield BRUCE H. BECKETT, Columbia W. GRANT MCMURRAY, Independence CHARLES B. BROWN, Kennett THOMAS L. MILLER SR., Washington LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg VERA F. BURK, Kirksville VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XCI, NUMBER 3 APRIL 1997 JAMES W. GOODRICH LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor KRISTIN KOLB ANN L. ROGERS Research Assistant Research Assistant The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Phone (573) 882-7083; fax (573) 884-4950; e-mail [email protected]. Periodicals are paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 1997 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: Founded by Sidney A. Weltmer in 1897, the Weltmer Institute in Nevada, Missouri, was the most prominent and long-lived of several such area health care institutions where magnetic healing was taught and practiced. Patrick Brophy explores these healers' methods and influence in "Weltmer, Stanhope, and the Rest: Magnetic Healing in Nevada, Missouri," which begins on page 275. [Cover illustration from early twentieth-century post card in the collections of the State Historical Society of Missouri] EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The foot notes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, preferably in WordPerfect. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accept ed. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Missouri Historical Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The Journal of American History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be addressed to Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201-7298. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University Stephens College Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia CONTENTS THE JEWISH HOSPITAL OF ST. LOUIS: ITS FORMATIVE YEARS. By Burton A. Boxerman 229 MISSOURI'S TURN-OF-THE-CENTURY FIRST COUPLE: LAWRENCE "LON" VEST AND MARGARET NELSON STEPHENS. PART 1. By Marian M. Ohman 250 WELTMER, STANHOPE, AND THE REST: MAGNETIC HEALING IN NEVADA, MISSOURI. By Patrick Brophy 275 IT FINALLY HAPPENED HERE: THE 1968 RIOT IN KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. By Joel P. Rhodes 295 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Society Libraries: Western Historical Manuscript Collection 316 News in Brief 318 Local Historical Societies 319 Gifts 328 Missouri History in Newspapers 331 Missouri History in Magazines 335 In Memoriam 341 Graduate Theses Relating to Missouri History 342 BOOK REVIEWS 343 Hamby, Alonzo L. Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman. Reviewed by James N. Giglio. O'Brien, Michael J. Paradigms of the Past: The Story of Missouri Archaeology. Reviewed by John W. Sheets. Ambrose, Stephen E. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. Reviewed by William E. Foley. BOOK NOTES 349 Bagnail, Norma Hayes. On Shaky Ground: The New Madrid Earthquakes of 1811-1812. Gilbert, Joan. The Trail of Tears across Missouri. James, Larry A., and Linda Petty James, comps. and eds. Diamond The Gem City: A History of Diamond, Missouri and Marion Township. Schatz, Darlene, and Ruth Dace. A History of Sullivan, Missouri and the Bank of Sullivan. The History of St. Clair County, Missouri, Families, Volume 1, 1995. Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, with introduction, maps, and appendixes by Milton D. Rafferty. Rude Pursuits and Rugged Peaks: Schoolcraft's Ozark Journal, 1818-1819. The Past in Our Presence: Historic Buildings in St. Louis County. Bruce, H. C. The New Man: Twenty-nine Years a Slave, Twenty-nine Years a Free Man: Recollections ofH. C. Bruce. Parkison, Jami. Path to Glory: A Pictorial Celebration of the Santa Fe Trail. Talbot, Vivian Linford. David E. Jackson: Field Captain of the Rocky Mountain Fur Trade. CONTRIBUTORS TO MISSOURI CULTURE: SALLY RAND Inside back cover Archives, BJC Health System The Jewish Hospital on Delmar Boulevard After 1905 The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis: Its Formative Years BY BURTON A. BOXERMAN* In 1800 sickness and disease were treated at home, and hospitals in the United States served only paupers, the insane, or those struck by epidemic or accident in a strange city. The only two hospitals in the nation— Philadelphia's Pennsylvania Hospital and the New York Hospital—received patients early in the nineteenth century. But by the end of the century, med ical advances in the form of antisepsis, anesthesia, X rays, and the establish ment of the clinical laboratory had brought about great changes in the image and functions of hospitals. Physicians began to convince their patients that the hospital was the best place to undergo surgery and, in fact, to treat any acute ailment.1 *Burton A. Boxerman received the B.A. degree from Washington University, St. Louis, and the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Saint Louis University. Boxerman has published numer ous articles on St. Louis and national Jewish history. 1 Charles E. Rosenberg, The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System (New York: Basic Books, 1987), 1-4, 342; Morris J. Vogel, The Invention of the Modern Hospital, Boston, 1870-1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), 1. 229 230 Missouri Historical Review The dramatic increase in the number of hospitals during the nineteenth century also reflected changing living patterns. Even many affluent city dwellers no longer lived among extended family, and they found it necessary to enter the hospital when ill. By serving both the well-to-do and the indigent, the hospital, which had previously served only the latter group, became accept ed as a purely medical institution, and class distinction significantly lessened.2 According to a census of medical institutions, 4,359 hospitals had been founded in the United States by 1908, some run by public entities, some by religious groups, and others by private agencies.3 During the nineteenth cen tury, fourteen hospitals had been established