Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Harmonized Tariff

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pharmaceutical Appendix to the Harmonized Tariff Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States Basic Revision 5 (2021) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States Basic Revision 5 (2021) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names INN which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service CAS registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known.
Recommended publications
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
    US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Resistance in the European Union Associated with Therapeutic Use of Veterinary Medicines
    The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit EMEA/CVMP/342/99-Final Antibiotic Resistance in the European Union Associated with Therapeutic use of Veterinary Medicines Report and Qualitative Risk Assessment by the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products 14 July 1999 Public 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Switchboard: (+44-171) 418 8400 Fax: (+44-171) 418 8447 E_Mail: [email protected] http://www.eudra.org/emea.html ãEMEA 1999 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 DEFINITION OF ANTIBIOTICS 1 1.1.1 Natural antibiotics 1 1.1.2 Semi-synthetic antibiotics 1 1.1.3 Synthetic antibiotics 1 1.1.4 Mechanisms of Action 1 1.2 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY 3 1.2.1 Recent developments 3 1.2.2 Authorisation of Antibiotics in the EU 4 1.3 ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE 6 1.3.1 Microbiological resistance 6 1.3.2 Clinical resistance 6 1.3.3 Resistance distribution in bacterial populations 6 1.4 GENETICS OF RESISTANCE 7 1.4.1 Chromosomal resistance 8 1.4.2 Transferable resistance 8 1.4.2.1 Plasmids 8 1.4.2.2 Transposons 9 1.4.2.3 Integrons and gene cassettes 9 1.4.3 Mechanisms for inter-bacterial transfer of resistance 10 1.5 METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE 11 1.5.1 Agar/Broth Dilution Methods 11 1.5.2 Interpretative criteria (breakpoints) 11 1.5.3 Agar Diffusion Method 11 1.5.4 Other Tests 12 1.5.5 Molecular techniques 12 1.6 MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
    USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO).
    [Show full text]
  • Screening of Pharmaceuticals in San Francisco Bay Wastewater
    Screening of Pharmaceuticals in San Francisco Bay Wastewater Prepared by Diana Lin Rebecca Sutton Jennifer Sun John Ross San Francisco Estuary Institute CONTRIBUTION NO. 910 / October 2018 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Technical Report Executive Summary Previous studies have shown that pharmaceuticals are widely detected in San Francisco Bay, and some compounds occasionally approach levels of concern for wildlife. In 2016 and 2017, seven wastewater treatment facilities located throughout the Bay Area voluntarily collected wastewater samples and funded analyses for 104 pharmaceutical compounds. This dataset represents the most comprehensive analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater to date in this region. On behalf of the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (RMP), the complete dataset was reviewed utilizing RMP quality assurance methods. An analysis of influent and effluent information is summarized in this report, and is intended to inform future monitoring recommendations for the Bay. Influent and effluent concentration ranges measured were generally within the same order of magnitude as other US studies, with a few exceptions for effluent. Effluent concentrations were generally significantly lower than influent concentrations, though estimated removal efficiency varied by pharmaceutical, and in some cases, by treatment type. These removal efficiencies were generally consistent with those reported in other studies in the US. Pharmaceuticals detected at the highest concentrations and with the highest frequencies in effluent were commonly used drugs, including treatments for diabetes and high blood pressure, antibiotics, diuretics, and anticonvulsants. For pharmaceuticals detected in discharged effluent, screening exercises were conducted to determine which might be appropriate candidates for further examination and potential monitoring in the Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluoroquinolones in the Management of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection
    Thorax 2000;55:83–85 83 Occasional review Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thorax.55.1.83 on 1 January 2000. Downloaded from The next generation: fluoroquinolones in the management of acute lower respiratory infection in adults Peter J Moss, Roger G Finch Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are ing for up to 40% of isolates in Spain19 and 33% the leading infectious cause of death in most in the United States.20 In England and Wales developed countries; community acquired the prevalence is lower; in the first quarter of pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of 1999 6.5% of blood/cerebrospinal fluid isolates chronic bronchitis (AECB) are responsible for were reported to the Public Health Laboratory the bulk of the adult morbidity. Until recently Service as showing intermediate sensitivity or quinolone antibiotics were not recommended resistance (D Livermore, personal communi- for the routine treatment of these infections.1–3 cation). Pneumococcal resistance to penicillin Neither ciprofloxacin nor ofloxacin have ad- is not specifically linked to quinolone resist- equate activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ance and, in general, penicillin resistant in vitro, and life threatening invasive pneumo- pneumococci are sensitive to the newer coccal disease has been reported in patients fluoroquinolones.11 21 treated for respiratory tract infections with Resistance to ciprofloxacin develops rela- these drugs.4–6 The development of new fluoro- tively easily in both S pneumoniae and H influ- quinolone agents with increased activity enzae, requiring only a single mutation in the against Gram positive organisms, combined parC gene.22 23 Other quinolones such as with concerns about increasing microbial sparfloxacin and clinafloxacin require two resistance to â-lactam agents, has prompted a mutations in the parC and gyrA genes.11 23 re-evaluation of the use of quinolones in LRTI.
    [Show full text]
  • Ranking of Major Classes of Antibiotics for Activity
    RANKING OF MAJOR CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR ACTIVITY AGAINST STATIONARY PHASE GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND CARBAPENEMASE-PRODUCING KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AND IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG COMBINATIONS THAT ERADICATE THEIR PERSISTENT INFECTIONS by Yuting Yuan A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Baltimore, Maryland April, 2019 ABSTRACT From the earliest identification of different bacterial phenotypic states, researchers found under antibiotic exposure, there are some bacteria that can keep dormant in a non-growing state as persister cells. These dormant persister bacteria can revert back to the growing population when the antibiotics are removed. The formation of bacterial persister cells establishes phenotypic heterogeneity within a bacterial population and is important for increasing the chances of successfully adapting to environmental change. Persister cells were first discovered in Staphylococcus sp. in 1944 when penicillin failed to kill a small subpopulation of bacterial cells. Persisters exhibit temporary antibiotic-tolerant phenotype and the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of persister cells formation have been investigated by the previous lab members regarding mechanisms of persistence in Borrelia burgdorferi and with Yin-Yang Model to illustrate persistent infection. This investigation focuses on the optimal treatment for persistent infection. Because current treatments for such chronic persistent infections are not effective and antibiotic phenotypic resistance is a significant issue. The discovery of antibiotics and their widespread use represent a significant milestone in human history since the 20th century. However, their efficacy has declined at an alarming rate due to the spread of antibiotic resistance, and persistence and the evidence is accumulating that persister cells can contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel Fluoroquinolone Derivatives
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 January 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0307.v1 1 Article 2 Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel 3 Fluoroquinolone Derivatives 4 Lucia Pintilie* and Amalia Stefaniu 5 1 National Institute for Chemical‐Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 74373, 6 Bucharest, Romania, e‐mails: [email protected] (L.P), [email protected] (A.S) 7 * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40 21 322 29 17 8 9 10 Abstract: An important parameter in the development of a new drug is the drugʹs affinity to the 11 identified target (protein/enzyme). Predicting the ligand binding to the protein assembly by 12 molecular simulations would allow the synthesis to be restricted to the most promising drug 13 candidates. A restricted hybrid HF‐DFT calculation was performed in order to obtain the most stable 14 conformer of studied ligands and a series of DFT calculations using the B3LYP levels with 6‐31G* 15 basis set has been conducted on their optimized structures. The docking studies of the quinolone 16 compounds have been carried out with CLC Drug Discovery Workbench software to identify and 17 visualize the ligand‐receptor interaction mode. 18 Keywords: molecular docking; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial activity 19 20 1. Introduction 21 Infectious diseases are the second important cause of death global [1]. Treatment of infectious 22 diseases becomes more difficult when common pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and 23 Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop drug resistance to drugs that were considered at one time, 24 effective. Antibiotic drugs are a special class of therapeutic agents whose misuse have affected not 25 only the individual patient, they have affected also the entire community.
    [Show full text]
  • De Novo Design of Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitors As Potential Antimicrobial Agents Targeting a Novel Binding Region Kyle M. Or
    De Novo Design of Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Potential Antimicrobial Agents Targeting a Novel Binding Region Kyle M. Orritta, Juliette F. Newella, Thomas Germeb, Lauren R. Abbottb,1, Holly L. Jacksona, Benjamin K. L. Burya, Anthony Maxwellb*, Martin J. McPhilliea*, Colin W. G. Fishwicka* a School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom b Dept. Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom 1 Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom *Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract By 2050 it is predicted that antimicrobial resistance will be responsible for 10 million global deaths annually, costing the world economy $100 trillion. Clearly, strategies to address this problem are required as bacterial evolution is rendering our current antibiotics ineffective. The discovery of an allosteric binding site on the established antibacterial target DNA gyrase offers a new medicinal chemistry strategy, as this site is distinct from the fluoroquinolone-DNA site binding site. Using in silico molecular design methods, we have designed and synthesised a novel series of biphenyl-based inhibitors inspired by the published thiophene allosteric inhibitor. This series was evaluated in vitro against E. coli DNA gyrase, exhibiting IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The structure-activity relationship reported herein suggests insights to further exploit this allosteric site, offering a pathway to overcome fluoroquinolone resistance. Keywords DNA gyrase, antimicrobial resistance, structure-based molecular design, de novo design, allosteric inhibitors The evolution of antibiotic resistance poses an enormous threat to human health.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials: a Review on Chemistry, Microbiology and Therapeutic Prospects
    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica ñ Drug Research, Vol. 66 No. 6 pp. 587ñ604, 2009 ISSN 0001-6837 Polish Pharmaceutical Society REVIEV FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBACTERIALS: A REVIEW ON CHEMISTRY, MICROBIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC PROSPECTS PRABODH CHANDER SHARMA1*, ANKIT JAIN1 and SANDEEP JAIN2 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, India Abstract: Fluoroquinolones are one of the most promising and vigorously pursued areas of contemporary anti- infective chemotherapy depicting broad spectrum and potent activity. They have a relatively simple molecular nucleus, which is amenable to many structural modifications. These agents have several favorable properties such as excellent bioavailability, good tissue penetrability and a relatively low incidence of adverse and toxic effects. They have been found effective in treatment of various infectious diseases. This paper is an attempt to review the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolone antibacterials with an updated account on their develop- ment and usage. Keywords: fluoroquinolone, antibacterial, ciprofloxacin, therapeutic Antiinfective chemotherapy is the science of piratory tract infections (RTI), sexually transmitted administering chemical agents to treat infectious diseases (STD) and skin infections (5, 6). They are diseases. This practice has proven to be one of the primarily used against urinary tract infections and most successful of all pharmaceutical studies (1). are also clinically useful against prostatitis, infec- Historically, the use of anti-infective agents can be tions of skin and bones and penicillin resistant sex- credited with saving more human lives than any ually transmitted diseases (4). These agents are also other area of medicinal therapy discovered to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Customs Tariff - Schedule
    CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2019 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
    20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Reviews
    Public Health Reviews Treatment of tuberculosis: present status and future prospects Philip Onyebujoh,1 Alimuddin Zumla,2 Isabella Ribeiro,1 Roxana Rustomjee,3 Peter Mwaba,4 Melba Gomes,1 & John M. Grange 2 Abstract Over recent years, tuberculosis (TB) and disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have merged in a synergistic pandemic. The number of new cases of TB is stabilizing and declining, except in countries with a high prevalence of HIV infection. In these countries, where HIV is driving an increase in the TB burden, the capacity of the current tools and strategies to reduce the burden has been exceeded. This paper summarizes the current status of TB management and describes recent thinking and strategy adjustments required for the control of TB in settings of high HIV prevalence. We review the information on anti-TB drugs that is available in the public domain and highlight the need for continued and concerted efforts (including financial, human and infrastructural investments) for the development of new strategies and anti-TB agents. Keywords Tuberculosis, Multidrug-resistant/drug therapy; Antitubercular agents/administration and dosage/adverse effects; Directly observed therapy; Drug therapy/trends; Drug combinations; Quinolones; Quinoline; Nitroimidazoles; Quinolizines; HIV infections/drug therapy; Evaluation studies (source: MeSH, NLM). Mots clés Tuberculose résistante à la polychimiothérapie /chimiothérapie; Antituberculeux/administration et posologie/effets indésirables; Thérapie sous observation directe; Chimiothérapie/orientations;
    [Show full text]