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Ibas in Danger Text: Raju Kasambe and Siddhesh Surve IBAs in Danger Text: Raju Kasambe and Siddhesh Surve he Important Bird Area (IBA) them are generally assessed by three congregated here. It is possibly the only Programme of BirdLife factors: flamingo breeding ground of this International – the world’s Timing: Some of these IBAs are magnitude in Asia. Flamingo City is part largest nature conservation already facing threats or are likely to face of the Kachchh Desert Wildlife Sanctuary. Tpartnership – began in the late 1970s, and them in the near future. In 2011, the Gujarat State Public since then over 12,000 IBAs, on land and Scope: Threats affect the entire or most Works Department (GSPWD) submitted at sea, have been identified, mapped, of the population of one or more trigger a proposal which required diversion of and documented worldwide. This or qualifying bird species (for which the 79.474 ha of forest land in the Kachchh programme represents the most site has been recognised as an IBA under Wildlife Sanctuary and Wild Ass comprehensive science-based effort to any of the global or regional criteria) or Sanctuary for construction of the Gaduli identify the world’s key sites for their habitats within the IBA. to Hajipur-Odma-Khavda-Kunariya- biodiversity conservation, by far. Severity: The degree of danger faced Dholavira-Maovana-Gadakbet-Santalpur In early 2013, BirdLife started an by the species or habitat components of road. It was claimed that the proposed initiative to identify seriously threatened these IBAs. road would facilitate movement of the and insufficiently protected IBAs around BirdLife’s India partner, BNHS, Border Security Force (BSF) in this the world. A hundred and fifteen identified 466 IBAs in India in 2004. Of region that falls on the Indo-Pakistan BirdLife network countries and these, five were identified as ‘IBAs in border. However, other sources claim territories provided data on the pressures Danger’ and the data was uploaded on that this project is nothing but a cover in their most threatened IBAs, which BirdLife’s website. These five IBAs are for promoting and expanding tourism in helped to identify IBAs at extreme risk discussed in this article. We also discuss the region – BSF already has a frontier of losing their biodiversity. The validated the situation of four more sites that need road. A highway through the area will not list of 333 IBAs was released during the attention and urgent action. only jeopardise flamingos, but also other 2013 BirdLife International World The five Indian IBA sites that species including the Indian Wild Ass Congress in June 2013 in Canada. These, qualified for inclusion in the list, with Equus hemionus khur, Great Indian Bustard ‘IBAs in Danger’ will be used to target their site codes, are: Ardeotis nigriceps, Indian Wolf Canis lupus enhanced conservation effort on these Flamingo City (IN085) pallipes, and Caracal Caracal caracal. insufficiently protected or poorly Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary In September 2011, a three-member managed sites, through advocacy, (IN159) expert team from the National Board for campaigns, and local action. Mahul-Sewri Creek (IN161) Wildlife (NBWL) assessed the potential This list will determine the priority in Sailana Kharmor Sanctuary (IN151) ecological impact of the project. To the implementation of conservation Tillanchong Island (IN465) quote from their site visit report, “the actions (whether local, national, regional, proposed road would in all probability or global), based on need, opportunity, Flamingo City, Gujarat result in the abandonment of this only and capacity. The actions include Flamingo City is a potential Ramsar site breeding site of flamingos, which in turn selected campaigns, advocacy, and in the Kachchh district of Gujarat. In could spell doom to the population of communication. The threats faced by the 1945, Sálim Ali estimated that half a these birds in the Indian subcontinent.” listed IBAs and the species that inhabit million Greater and Lesser Flamingos They recommended the rejection of the ‘IBAs in Danger’ are sites identified nationally through IBA monitoring as being at greatest risk of losing their key biodiversity. They are sites which have Very High threat scores (in some cases IBAs with High scores have also been considered). In the first trial of this new initiative, BirdLife’s partner organisations provided details of up to five such sites per country. The limitation in number of sites was imposed to restrict the list to a manageable number of highest priority sites, in order to focus advocacy and action where it is most urgently needed, while ensuring participation across the BirdLife Partnership. The resulting list of IBAs in Danger currently comprises 333 sites across 115 countries and territories, as well as the high seas. The absence of an IBA from the list does not, therefore, mean that it is not facing threats. October-December, 2013 HORNBILL 41 Conservation Notes ADITYA ROY ADITYA The Near Threatened Lesser Flamingo is the smallest species of flamingo road proposal and an alternative Maharashtra. The scattered grassland This was mainly because an extremely alignment of the road, which would plots of this sanctuary are home to the large, irrational area (8,496.44 sq. km) was spare this fragile ecosystem from Critically Endangered Great Indian declared as a sanctuary, even though the devastation, while serving the purpose Bustard (GIB). The population of GIBs bustards inhabited a few protected of the BSF if needed. at the sanctuary has plummeted from grassland plots scattered in the area. 27 birds in 2006 to 12 birds in 2012, and Because of the declaration of the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, a mere three birds in 2013. sanctuary, the locals were unable to buy, Nannaj, Maharashtra The biggest threat facing the sell, or develop their own land as it came The GIB Sanctuary is spread across sanctuary is the severe antipathy of the within the notified area. A proposed Solapur and Ahmednagar districts of locals towards the sanctuary and the GIB. irrigation canal passing through the sanctuary awaits the approval of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) since the past several years. The people who would have benefited from the canal feel that the bustard “is the problem” and stands between them and “prosperity”. The impasse over the construction of the canal created a public uproar and a campaign was initiated against the GIB, which strangely and ominously coincided with a population decline in the species. The sanctuary area has been rationalised to 1,222.61 sq. km, many years after the recommendations of an expert committee. However, it appears to be a little too late! BAIJU PATIL Nannaj faces a number of other The Great Indian Bustard population at Nannaj has plummeted to merely three birds threats such as overgrazing outside the 42 HORNBILL October-December, 2013 Conservation Notes protected grassland plots, habitat proposed a 22 km long freeway – the BNHS to minimise the impact destruction, increase and intensification Mumbai Trans-Harbour Link (MTHL) – on migratory birds. BNHS, which does of agriculture, disturbance to breeding between Sewri and Nhava, which is not oppose the idea of the sea link as bustards by stray dogs, and lack of public pending for the past four decades. This such, has been advocating that the support for conservation initiatives. It is freeway or sea link will reduce the MTHL should be realigned at the Sewri certain that the GIB would not have commuting time between Mumbai and end about 600 m to the south of the declined to the point of local extinction; Navi Mumbai, and provide direct proposed route to save the flamingo rather it would have increased in connectivity to the Mumbai Port Trust habitat from destruction. However, the numbers, if these issues had been (MPT), Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust MMRDA did not accept the proposal addressed early. There is no record of (JNPT), and the proposed international and suggested mitigation measures successful breeding in the sanctuary in airport at Navi Mumbai. However, the link instead. A little foresight and flexibility the past few years, and there is a pressing will pose a threat to the habitat of the can help avoid such environmental need to implement the recommendations Lesser Flamingo, a Near Threatened disasters for a site which supports such of the Species Recovery Plan published species, due to the disturbances that will a huge congregation of birds. by the MoEF immediately, to save the result from the construction and use of Apart from the MTHL, another species from extinction. the freeway. threat to this IBA is the high level of On October 22, 2012, the Chief pollution due to direct release of Mahul-Sewri Creek, Mumbai, Minister of Maharashtra gave clearance industrial effluents from many petro- Maharashtra to the project. The following day, the chemical industries, oil refineries, and The mudflats of Mahul-Sewri IBA MoEF gave a conditional environmental power plants located along the fringe of along the Arabian Sea in Mumbai are home clearance to the sea link project. Some the Mahul and Sewri Creek. to around 15,000 Lesser Flamingo of the conditions were that the Phoeniconaias minor and thousands of MMRDA should put up noise barriers, Sailana Kharmor Sanctuary, Madhya migratory waterbirds, including sandpipers, replant five times the number of Pradesh plovers, gulls, and terns. The area also has mangroves destroyed, no dredging and The Sailana Kharmor Sanctuary in mangrove vegetation and supports diverse reclamation should be done, Madhya Pradesh was declared as a flora and is a potential Ramsar site. construction equipment with exhaust Protected Area in 1983 to safeguard The Mumbai Metropolitan Region silencers would be used and work would the endangered Lesser Florican Development Authority (MMRDA) had be carried out in consultation with Sypheotides indica. Most of the sanctuary NOOR KHAN The Sewri mudflats are a refuge for thousands of migratory flamingos during their non-breeding season October-December, 2013 HORNBILL 43 Conservation Notes 28 floricans were seen, whereas the number fell to a mere 12 in 2013.
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