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Biological and Water Quality Study of the Upper Great Miami River and Selected Tributaries 2008

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Biological and Water Quality Study of the Upper Great Miami River and Selected Tributaries 2008 State of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency ___________________________________________ Division of Surface Water Biological and Water Quality Study of the Upper Great Miami River and Selected Tributaries 2008 Auglaize, Mercer, Logan, Shelby, Champaign, and Darke Counties OHIO EPA Technical Report EAS/2011-1-1 January 1, 2011 John R. Kasich, Governor, State of Ohio Scott J. Nally, Director EAS/2011-1-1 Upper Great Miami River Watershed Survey Jan. 1, 2011 Biological and Water Quality Study of The Upper Great Miami River and Selected Tributaries, 2008 Auglaize, Mercer, Logan, Shelby, Champaign, and Darke Counties, Ohio Jan 1, 2011 OHIO EPA Technical Report EAS/ EAS/2011-1-1 Prepared by: State of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Division of Surface Water Lazarus Government Center 50 W. Town St., Suite 700 Columbus, Ohio 43215 Mail to: P.O. Box 1049, Columbus, Ohio 43216-1049 Cover Photo The South Fork Great Miami River (RM 1.74) upstream from Indian Lake at the Bickham Covered Bridge in Logan County, Ohio. Ohio EPA received financial assistance for this work from U.S. EPA and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. EAS/2011-1-1 Upper Great Miami River Watershed Survey Jan. 1, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 18 Waste Water Treatment Systems .............................................................................. 18 Pesticide Spills .......................................................................................................... 19 Lake Influences.......................................................................................................... 20 Sub-ecoregion and Ground Water Influences ............................................................ 21 Channel Restoration .................................................................................................. 25 Sub-ecoregions and Channel Management Implications ........................................... 25 Recreation Use Quality .............................................................................................. 26 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 26 Upper Great Miami River Basin Summaries .............................................................. 26 Aquatic Life Uses Recommendations ........................................................................ 29 MATERIALS and METHODS ....................................................................................... 46 Determining Use Attainment Status ........................................................................... 46 Habitat Assessment ................................................................................................... 46 Sediment and Surface Water Assessment ................................................................ 47 Recreation Use Assessment ..................................................................................... 47 Macroinvertebrate Community Assessment .............................................................. 48 Fish Community Assessment .................................................................................... 49 Causal Associations .................................................................................................. 49 RESULTS and DISCUSSION ....................................................................................... 50 Study Area Description .............................................................................................. 50 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ..................................................................... 50 Loramie Creek Watershed ..................................................................................... 56 Point Source Dischargers – NPDES .......................................................................... 59 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ..................................................................... 59 Chemical and Recreation Water Quality .................................................................... 79 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ..................................................................... 79 Loramie Creek Watershed ..................................................................................... 94 Sentinel Site Monitoring Program ......................................................................... 105 Water Chemistry and Sub-ecoregional Differences ............................................. 121 Chemical Water Quality Changes ............................................................................ 124 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ................................................................... 124 Loramie Creek Watershed ................................................................................... 129 Chemical Sediment Quality ..................................................................................... 132 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ................................................................... 132 Loramie Creek Basin ............................................................................................ 140 Stream Habitat Conditions ....................................................................................... 143 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ................................................................... 143 Stream Habitat Sub-ecoregion Discussion ........................................................... 147 Stream Habitat Trends (1994-2008) ..................................................................... 150 Fish Community ....................................................................................................... 153 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ................................................................... 153 Fish Community Sub-ecoregion Discussion ......................................................... 160 2 EAS/2011-1-1 Upper Great Miami River Watershed Survey Jan. 1, 2011 Fish Community Trends ....................................................................................... 165 Macroinvertebrate Community ................................................................................. 168 Upper Great Miami River Watershed ................................................................... 168 Causes and Sources of Impairment ..................................................................... 170 Macroinvertebrate Community Sub-ecoregion Discussion ................................... 171 Macroinvertebrate Community Trends ................................................................. 183 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 188 3 EAS/2011-1-1 Upper Great Miami River Watershed Survey Jan. 1, 2011 Tables Table 1. Sampling locations in the upper Great Miami River study area, 2008 [(M-macroinvertebrate quantitative sample, m-macroinvertebrate qualitative sample, F-fish sample (2 passes), f- fish sample (1 pass), C - conventional water chemistry, E- Effluent, O-organic water chemistry, P- pathogen, S - sediment, D- Datasonde® monitor)]. Latitude/longitude coordinates are provided in WGS84 datum. ..... 14 Table 2. Upper Great Miami River basin streams with unverified or unlisted aquatic life uses sampled in 2008. Evaluations are assigned to habitat, fish, and macroinvertebrate communities based on a combination of index scores, stream size, and ecoregion. Raw scores and applicable biocriteria are detailed further in the Aquatic Life Use Attainment Table. .......................................................................... 30 Table 3. Waterbody use designations for the upper Great Miami River basin. Designations based on the 1978 and 1985 water quality standards appear as asterisks (*). Designations based on Ohio EPA biological field assessments appear as a plus sign (+). Asterisked (*) designations supplanted by Ohio EPA biological field assessments (+) are displayed to the right of existing markers (*/+). A delta (Δ) indicates a new recommendation based on the findings of this report; a verified use (+) to be removed and replaced by a new recommendation (Δ) is shaded in green. All water bodies with recommended changes are highlighted in yellow. .............................................................................................................. 34 Table 4. Aquatic life use attainment status at upper Great Miami River basin stations sampled in July- October 2008 and 2009. Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), Modified Index of well being (MIwb), and Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) scores are based on performance of the biotic community. The Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) measures physical habitat quality and the streams ability to support a biotic community. Potential Causes and Sources of impairment are listed at sites that did not fully attain their use. All sites are located within the Eastern Cornbelt Plains ecoregion and the 55a and 55b sub-ecoregions. Sampling locations by the 10-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 10) subwatershed as indicated in green and further stratified at the HUC 12 level (see 12 digit WAU). ...................................... 38 Table 5. The upper Great Miami River watershed survey area broken down by 10 digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) and
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