Nucleotide Modifications Decrease Innate Immune Response Induced
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Nucleotide Modifications Decrease Innate Immune Response Induced by Synthetic Analogs of snRNAs and snoRNAs Grigory Stepanov 1,2,* , Evgenii Zhuravlev 1, Victoria Shender 3,4 , Anna Nushtaeva 1, Evgenia Balakhonova 1, Elena Mozhaeva 1,2, Marat Kasakin 1 , Vladimir Koval 1,2 , Alexander Lomzov 1,2, Marat Pavlyukov 3, Irina Malyants 4,5, Mikhail Zhorov 1, Tatyana Kabilova 1, Elena Chernolovskaya 1, Vadim Govorun 4, Elena Kuligina 1 , Dmitry Semenov 1 and Vladimir Richter 1 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; evgenijur@gmail.com (E.Z.); nushtaeva.anna@gmail.com (A.N.); zendriya-87@mail.ru (E.B.); mozhaevaalena@gmail.com (E.M.); kassakinm@gmail.com (M.K.); koval@niboch.nsc.ru (V.K.); lomzov@niboch.nsc.ru (A.L.); zhorovlbnk@yandex.ru (M.Z.); kabilova@niboch.nsc.ru (T.K.); elena_ch@niboch.nsc.ru (E.C.); kuligina@niboch.nsc.ru (E.K.); semenov@niboch.nsc.ru (D.S.); richter@niboch.nsc.ru (V.R.) 2 Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; victoria.shender@gmail.com (V.S.); marat.pav@mail.ru (M.P.) 4 Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; iricam@mail.ru (I.M.); vgovorun@yandex.ru (V.G.) 5 Faculty of Technology of Organic Substances and Chemical Pharmaceutical Compounds, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: stepanovga@niboch.nsc.ru; Tel.: +7-383-3635189 Received: 16 October 2018; Accepted: 26 October 2018; Published: 2 November 2018 Abstract: Short nuclear regulatory RNAs play a key role in the main stages of maturation of the precursors of the major RNA species.
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