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GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 4 / 2016 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Contents GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 4 / 2016 COLUMNS p. 321 271 What’s New DiaPix Jewelry Imaging|DiaTrue screening system|GemTrue Ex- p. 287 perior tester|GLIS-3000 GEM Lu- minous Imaging System|J-Secure synthetic diamond detector|Solico and Synova diamond-cutting machines|CIBJO Congress 2016 presentations and special reports|GIT Lab Updates|USA lifts ban on Burmese ruby and jadeite|Margaritologia news- letter|David Friend Hall at the Yale Peabody Museum|Harvard ARTICLES Museum virtual tour|‘Jades for Life and Death’ online Feature Articles 294 Ruby and Pink Sapphire from Aappaluttoq, Greenland 274 Practical Gemmology By Christopher P. Smith, Andrew J. Fagan and Bryan Clark Anomalous behaviour of a Sumitomo synthetic diamond 308 Geology, Gemmological Properties and Preliminary on the reflectance meter Heat Treatment of Gem-Quality Zircon from the 276 Gem Notes Central Highlands of Vietnam Antigorite serpentine from north- By Le Thi-Thu Huong, Bui Sinh Vuong, Nguyen Thi Minh western Pakistan|‘Black’ axinite| Thuyet, Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Somruedee Satitkune, Bhuwadol Beryl from Tanzania with phena- kite inclusions|Clinohumite from Wanthanachaisaeng, Wolfgang Hofmeister, Tobias Häger and Vietnam|Lace opal from Utah, Christoph Hauzenberger USA|Pollucite from Pakistan with polylithionite inclusions|Large 320 Identification of Reconstructed Amber from Different ruby matrix from Lu.c Yên, Periods Vietnam|Scapolite from Badakh- By Haibo Li, Jie Liang, Taijin Lu, Jun Zhang and Jun Zhou shan, Afghanistan|Tourmaline from Ife, Osun State, Nigeria| 330 Violet-to-Blue ‘Nuummite’ from Simiuttat, Greenland: Cat’s-eye väyrynenite from Pakistan|Quartzite and calcite Origin of Colour Appearance and Conditions of bangles resembling jadeite|Large Formation pink sapphire with diffusion- By Leander Franz, Tay Thye Sun, Richard Wirth, Christian de induced star|Mid-year 2016 Capitani and Loke Hui Ying Myanma Jade & Gems Emporium 342 Conferences 2nd European Mineralogical Conference|HRD Antwerp Symposium| Cover Photo: Greenland is poised to Geological Society of America|Gem-A Conference become a significant producer of rubies and pink sapphires. These 349 Gem-A Notices rubies recovered from the Aappaluttoq deposit weigh 0.29–2.53 ct and 364 Learning Opportunities were characterized for an article appearing in this issue (see pp. 294–306). 367 New Media Photo by Bilal Mahmood, AGL. 370 Literature of Interest The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL and GIT. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2016.35.4 i The Journal of emmology G THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN Editor-in-Chief Production Editor Marketing Consultant Brendan M. Laurs Mary A. Burland Ya’akov Almor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 21 Ely Place Editorial Assistant Editor Emeritus Executive Editor London EC1N 6TD Carol M. Stockton Roger R. Harding Alan D. Hart UK Associate Editors t: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Ahmadjan Abduriyim, Tokyo, Japan; Edward Boehm, RareSource, Chattanooga, Tennessee, f: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 USA; Maggie Campbell Pedersen, Organic Gems, London; Alan T. Collins, King’s College e: [email protected] London; John L. Emmett, Crystal Chemistry, Brush Prairie, Washington, USA; Emmanuel w: www.gem-a.com Fritsch, University of Nantes, France; Rui Galopim de Carvalho, Portugal Gemas, Lisbon, Portugal; Lee A. Groat, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Thomas Registered Charity No. 1109555 Hainschwang, GGTL Laboratories, Balzers, Liechtenstein; Henry A. Hänni, GemExpert, A company limited by guarantee and Basel, Switzerland; Jeff W. Harris, University of Glasgow; Alan D. Hart, Gem-A, London; registered in England No. 1945780 Ulrich Henn, German Gemmological Association, Idar-Oberstein; Jaroslav Hyršl, Prague, Registered office: Palladium House, Czech Republic; Brian Jackson, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh; Stefanos 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD Karampelas, GRS Gemresearch Swisslab, Basel, Switzerland; Lore Kiefert, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Hiroshi Kitawaki, Central Gem Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan; Michael S. Krzemnicki, Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF, Basel; Shane F. McClure, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Jack M. Ogden, Striptwist Ltd., London; Federico Pezzotta, Natural History Museum of Milan, Italy; Jeffrey E. Post, President Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA; Andrew H. Rankin, Kingston University, Maggie Campbell Pedersen Surrey; George R. Rossman, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Karl Schmetzer, Petershausen, Germany; Dietmar Schwarz, AIGS Lab Co. Ltd., Bangkok, Vice Presidents Thailand; Menahem Sevdermish, GemeWizard Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel; Guanghai Shi, David J. Callaghan China University of Geosciences, Beijing; James E. Shigley, Gemological Institute of Alan T. Collins America, Carlsbad, California; Christopher P. Smith, American Gemological Laboratories Noel W. Deeks Inc., New York, New York; Evelyne Stern, London; Elisabeth Strack, Gemmologisches E. Alan Jobbins, Institut Hamburg, Germany; Tay Thye Sun, Far East Gemological Laboratory, Singapore; Andrew H. Rankin Pornsawat Wathanakul, Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand, Bangkok; Chris M. Welbourn, Reading, Berkshire; Bert Willems, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany; Bear Honorary Fellows Williams, Stone Group Laboratories LLC, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA; J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, Gaetano Cavalieri National Museum of Natural History ‘Naturalis’, Leiden, The Netherlands. Terrence S. Coldham Emmanuel Fritsch Content Submission The Editor-in-Chief is glad to consider original articles, news items, conference/excursion Honorary Diamond Member reports, announcements and calendar entries on subjects of gemmological interest for Martin Rapaport publication in The Journal of Gemmology. A guide to the various sections and the preparation of manuscripts is given at www.gem-a.com/index.php/news-publications/publications/ Chief Executive Officer journal-of-gemmology/submissions, or contact the Production Editor. Alan D. Hart Subscriptions Gem-A members receive The Journal as part of their membership package, full details Council of which are given at www.gem-a.com/membership. Laboratories, libraries, museums and Justine L. Carmody – Chair similar institutions may become Direct Subscribers to The Journal. Kathryn L. Bonanno Paul F. Greer Advertising Kerry H. Gregory Enquiries about advertising in The Journal should be directed to the Marketing Consultant. J. Alan W. Hodgkinson For more information, see www.gem-a.com/index.php/news-publications/publications/ Nigel B. Israel journal-of-gemmology/advertising. Jack M. Ogden Richard M. Slater Database Coverage Christopher P. Smith The Journal of Gemmology is covered by the following abstracting and indexing services: Australian Research Council academic journal list, British Library Document Supply Branch Chairmen Service, Chemical Abstracts (CA Plus), Copyright Clearance Center’s RightFind Midlands – Georgina E. Kettle application, CrossRef, EBSCO (Academic Search International, Discovery North East – Mark W. Houghton Service and TOC Premier), Gale/Cengage Learning Academic OneFile, GeoRef, South East – Veronica Wetten Mineralogical Abstracts, ProQuest, Scopus and the Thomson Reuters’ Emerging South West – Richard M. Slater Sources Citation Index (in the Web of Science). Copyright and Reprint Permission For full details of copyright and reprint permission contact the Editor-in-Chief. The Journal of Gemmology is published quarterly by Gem-A, The Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Any opinions expressed in The Journal are understood to be the views of the contributors and not necessarily of the publisher. Printed by DG3 (Europe) Ltd. © 2016 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Cert no. TT-COC-002454 ™ ISSN: 1355-4565 Understanding Gems ii The Journal of Gemmology, 35(4), 2016 What’s New INSTRUMENTATION DiaPix Jewelry Imaging System can identify diamond, synthetic moissanite and In March 2016, OGI Systems Ltd. (Ramat Gan, Israel) cubic zirconia, as well as help distinguish natural released DiaPix Jewelry, an “all in one video imaging from synthetic ruby and sapphire. Both machine” that captures mounted and loose gems can be high-definition images and tested. Measuring 150 × 33 × 360° videos of loose gem- 23 mm and weighing 42 g, it stones as well as jewellery is highly portable. Visit www. of any size. The unit meas- dikaitools.com/en/Diamond_ ures 42 × 24 × 37 cm, and Testers_Moissanite_ the system includes video Testers/20160404/432.html. CMS editing tools that allow the user to rapidly upload in- teractive videos to the internet. Visit www.ogisystems. com/diapixjewel.html. CMS GLIS-3000 GEM Luminous Imaging System Released in October 2015 by Biaoqi Guang- DiaTrue Diamond Screening System zhou Electronic Science Released by OGI Systems Ltd. in September 2016, Technology Co. Ltd. the DiaTrue is designed to screen colourless natural (Guangzhou, China), the diamonds, HPHT synthetic diamonds and HPHT-treat- GLIS-3000 GEM Lumi- ed CVD synthetic diamonds. nous Imaging System is Both mounted and unmount- designed to quickly test ed samples can be tested, batches of loose dia- the latter including parcels monds (rough or cut, including melee), as well as and individual gems from mounted stones. The instrument contains a UV 0.01 to ~20 ct. The system spectrometer and excites
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    Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice PUBLICATIONS COORDINATION: Dinah Berland EDITING & PRODUCTION COORDINATION: Corinne Lightweaver EDITORIAL CONSULTATION: Jo Hill COVER DESIGN: Jackie Gallagher-Lange PRODUCTION & PRINTING: Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZERS: Erma Hermens, Art History Institute of the University of Leiden Marja Peek, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam © 1995 by The J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-89236-322-3 The Getty Conservation Institute is committed to the preservation of cultural heritage worldwide. The Institute seeks to advance scientiRc knowledge and professional practice and to raise public awareness of conservation. Through research, training, documentation, exchange of information, and ReId projects, the Institute addresses issues related to the conservation of museum objects and archival collections, archaeological monuments and sites, and historic bUildings and cities. The Institute is an operating program of the J. Paul Getty Trust. COVER ILLUSTRATION Gherardo Cibo, "Colchico," folio 17r of Herbarium, ca. 1570. Courtesy of the British Library. FRONTISPIECE Detail from Jan Baptiste Collaert, Color Olivi, 1566-1628. After Johannes Stradanus. Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum-Stichting, Amsterdam. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Historical painting techniques, materials, and studio practice : preprints of a symposium [held at] University of Leiden, the Netherlands, 26-29 June 1995/ edited by Arie Wallert, Erma Hermens, and Marja Peek. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-89236-322-3 (pbk.) 1. Painting-Techniques-Congresses. 2. Artists' materials- -Congresses. 3. Polychromy-Congresses. I. Wallert, Arie, 1950- II. Hermens, Erma, 1958- . III. Peek, Marja, 1961- ND1500.H57 1995 751' .09-dc20 95-9805 CIP Second printing 1996 iv Contents vii Foreword viii Preface 1 Leslie A.
  • The Analysis, Identification and Treatment of an Amber Artifact

    The Analysis, Identification and Treatment of an Amber Artifact

    GUEST PAPER THE ANALYSIS, IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF AN AMBER ARTIFACT by Niccolo Caldararo, Jena Hirschbein, Pete Palmer, Heather Shepard This study describes the identification and treatment of an amber necklace, which came into the conservation lab of Conservation Art Service, with an opaque bloom caused by a previous cleaning with a household ammonia cleanser. This paper also includes an overview of amber and its historical use, methods to definitively identify amber, and the identification and treatment of this particular object using infrared spectroscopy. mber is a fossilized tree resin, formed through a com- resin” and amber. The copal is then incorporated into the plex series of steps over millions of years. Its chemi- earth, where it continues to polymerize and release vola- Acal composition varies depending on the origin of the tile compounds until it is completely inert, at which point resin, but Baltic amber is synonymous with the chemical the transformation into amber is complete (Ross, 1998). name butanedioic acid (C4H6O4), more commonly known Amber that we find today was exuded millions of years ago as succinic acid, Beck, 1986. Although roughly 80% of all from the early Cretaceous Period (145-65 million years ago) amber samples are Baltic amber, there are other types of to the Miocene Period (23-5 million years ago) (Thickett, amber, not all of which contain succinic acid. It has been 1995) and from trees located in many regions around mo- theorized that succinic acid may not be contained in the dern-day Europe and the Dominican Republic. The trees in original amber material, and that it may be formed as different regions were distinct enough to have recogniza- a product of the aging process through a transition sta- ble characteristics in the resin they exuded, and thus have te byproduct, the abietic acid (C20H30O2) (Rottlander, chemical differences in their amber forms.