The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga Expedition Part Viii
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r SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE UITGEGEVEN DOOR de Maatschappij voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in de Tropen ONDER REDACTIE VAN Dr. MAX WEBERT Dr. L. F. DE BEAUFORTf Dr. J. H. STOCK MONOGRAPHIE XXXIX, C4 ( = Livraison 148) THE DECAPODA BRACHYURA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION PART VIII MAJIDAE BY D. J. G. GRIFFIN and H. A. TRANTER The Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia LEIDEN E. J. BRILL 1986 v/fi>&^ $T C±rJ£, nc3^tce j U/<&/flt4> '^<^-^( ^U^-^^rfr ^jrttic^ rj& I s\_ c-^J^O^s SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE MONOGRAPHIEEN UITKOMSTEN OP ZOOLOGISCH, BOTANISCH, OCEANOGRAFISCH EN GEOLOGISCH GEBIED verzameld in de Oost-Indische Archipel 1899-1900 aan boord H.M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee le kl. G. F. TYDEMAN Resultats des explorations zoologiques, botaniques, oceanographiques et geologiques entreprises aux Indes Orientales en 1899-1900 a bord du SIBOGA UITGEGEVEN DOOR de Maatschappij voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in de Tropen ONDER REDACTIE VAN DR. MAX WEBERT DR. L. F. DE BEAUFORTf Hoogleraar in Amsterdam Hoogleraar in Amsterdam Leider der Expeditie DR. J. H. STOCK Hoogleraar in Amsterdam < IS? £ LEIDEN E. J. BRILL 1986 SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE MONOGRAPHIE XXXIX, C 4 (= Livr. 148) THE DECAPODA BRACHYURA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION PART VIII MAJIDAE BY D. J. G. GRIFFIN and H. A. TRANTER The Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia With 112 text figures and 22 plates Jiff LEIDEN E. J. BRILL 1986 ISBN 90 04 07146 6 Copyright 1986 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS BY E. J. BRILL We would like to dedicate this report to JOHN S. GARTH Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California John Garth, over more than a quarter of a century, has carefully studied the majid spider crabs of the 'New World'. His synthesis of the classifications of Balss and Alcock, based on traditional regard for characters such as orbit, rostrum and abdomen and, most of all, his attention to the challenge posed by features of the male first pleopod have provided the stimulus for our approach to this study. CONTENTS Introduction 1 Acknowledgements 2 Key to subfamilies 2 Systematic Accounts 3 Subfamily Inachinae 3 Subfamily Tychinae 61 Subfamily Epialtinae 65 Subfamily Pisinae 104 Subfamily Majinae 199 Subfamily Mithracinae 264 Discussion 297 References 298 Plates 303 Index 325 Appendix 333 THE DECAPODA BRACHYURA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION MAJIDAE BY D. J. G. GRIFFIN & H. A. TRANTER (Text figures 1-112, plates 1-22) INTRODUCTION Yokoya (1933); that additional species and genera await In March 1899 the Dutch research vessel the 'Siboga' discovery has been shown by studies of the Japanese fauna by entered the waters of Indonesia. Its collections, made from Takeda et al. (1969 et seq.). depths of 10 to 5,684m over the next 12 months, were returned The extensive studies by Mary J. Rathbun represent at to Amsterdam and over the next fifty years were the subject of least fifty per cent of the reports on the fauna of other areas. numerous extensive reports: decapod Crustacea figured Her studies on the crabs of the Philippines (1916), the western prominently amongst them. The spider crabs, however, were Indian Ocean (1911), Hawaii (1906), Siam (1910), eastern only briefly treated: Ihle & Ihle-Landenberg (1931), in a Australia (1918) and north western Australia (1914; 1924) are report outside the Siboga series, described a few new species basic to studies of any other local fauna. Only the earlier of one of the subfamilies. The collections were also studied by studies of Miers, referred to above, have contributed a similar A. Milne Edwards, Bouvier and Ihle but none of the studies amount to our knowledge of the Indo-West Pacific spider crab were brought to a conclusion (Prof. J. H. Stock, pers. fauna. Smaller, or more local studies of the South African comm.). fauna by Barnard (1950; 1955), of the Red Sea by Parisi Dr. Th. Mortensen conducted expeditions throughout the (1915), Balss (1929), Guinot (1962a, 1962b) and Griffin and Indo-West Pacific over a period of 32 years. No attempt has Tranter (1974), of'Indian Seas' by Henderson (1893), Alcock been made previously to work up this spider crab material (1895), Borradaile (1903) and Chhapgar (1957), of Australia gathered in the Zoological Museum at the University of by Haswell (1882) a century ago and of New Zealand by Ben Copenhagen and its size and geographic scope makes inclu nett (1964) and Griffin (1966b) — also have formed the basis sion of it in the present study almost mandatory. for understanding regional faunas. Mrs. Mariel King, an American philanthropist, sponsored The present classification of the family owes more to the several small expeditions to the Pacific. One of these covered work of Alcock (1895) through important modification by the Philippines — Moluccas area in 1970. Worked over brief Balss (1929) and Garth (1958) than to the earlier classifica ly by the late Dr. R. Serene when he was a UNESCO consul tions of H. Milne Edwards (1834), Dana (1851b) and Miers tant in Singapore, it was subsequently made available to us by (1879c). Dr. B. R. Wilson, then of the Western Australian Museum. In his review of Pacific American species Garth (1958: 7-9) Dr. L. B. Holthuis with other members of staff of the has emphasized the multiple characters employed by Balss — Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, visited West the interantennular spine, degree of fusion of the rostral Irian (then Netherlands New Guinea) from October 1954 to spines, coalescence of the abdominal segments and presence May 1955 and the spider crabs collected on that expedition or absence of a supplementary spine (the intercalated spine) have been made available to us by Dr. Holthuis. above the orbit between the eave or the antorbital spine These collections, together with material from the anteriorly and the postorbital spine posteriorly — which form Australian Museum, form the basis of the present report. the basis of the present classification. Stephensen (1945) and The Indo-West Pacific spider crab fauna has been treated Garth (1958) have given considerable emphasis to the form of in several major reports since Herbst, Fabricius and Latreille the first pleopod of the male. Garth noted that divisions described the animals collected by early voyagers. The within subfamilies proposed by Balss on the basis of the inter Japanese fauna is undoubtedly the best known through com calated spine, were not congruent with divisions based on prehensive treatments by Sakai (1938; 1965a; 1976) following male first pleopod form. Garth (1958: 13) went on to say that the classic studies by De Haan (1833-50) and those of Miers he would make further application of the groupings based on (1879b), Parisi (1915), Balss (1924), Rathbun (1932) and male first pleopods were it not for (i) the fact that each sub- 2 family in the existing scheme contained species with pleopods listed in the Appendix. We thank the authorities of the which did not fit into major groupings and (ii) absence of museums concerned. knowledge of the 'Old World' (and presumably Indo-Pacific) species: a new system could lead to confusion were it based solely on the 'New World' fauna. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present collections are important, therefore, because We wish to thank Drs. J. H. Stock and S. Pinkster, together with that from recently studied material from the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam; T. Wolff, Zoological Philippines, Red Sea and Indian Ocean and on-going studies Museum, University of Copenhagen; L. B. Holthuis, of Japanese, Australian and New Zealand faunas, they repre Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden; B. R. sent the most comprehensive ones ever assembled from the Wilson, formerly of the Western Australian Museum and the Indo-Pacific region. Over 2,000 specimens have been ex late R. Serene, formerly of UNESCO, Singapore, in respect amined, the largest collection studied since those of the 'Alert' of the material to be deposited in the National Institute of (1878-1882) and the 'Challenger' (1874-1876) and those ac Oceanology, Jakarta; Drs. F. A. Chace, R. B. Manning, B. cumulated by the Smithsonian Institution through expedi Kensley and the late H. B. Roberts, Smithsonian Institution tions of the 'Albatross', the 'Sealark' and others collected in and K. K. Tiwari, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta for the early part of the century. They provide the opportunity to making their collections available for study. We are also examine whether Garth's proposals derived from the Pacific grateful for additional material which was made available by fauna may be extended to that of the Indo-West Pacific and, Drs. R. W. Ingle, British Museum (Natural History); D. through recent studies by Monod (1956), Forest & Guinot Guinot, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; H. (1966) and Williams (1965), to the 'Old World'. Fechter, Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich; G. Hart- The present report deals with all genera represented in the mann, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Hamburg Univer Indo-West Pacific except those of the subfamily Oregoniinae sity; J. S. Garth, Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles; B. and the inachine genera Macrocheira and Pyromaia. The Orego Kensley, formerly of the South African Museum; J. C. niinae are boreal animals: this report is not concerned with Yaldwyn, National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington; R. that area. We have nothing of substance to add to previous W. George, Western Australian Museum; W. Zeidler, South treatments (e.g. Sakai) of the two inachine genera. Generic Australian Museum; and G. C. B. Poore, Museum of rearrangements and more appropriate alignment of certain Victoria. We also wish to thank the New South Wales State genera between subfamilies are explored; higher classification Fisheries for making available for study material collected on and overall evolutionary patterns will be covered separately.