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Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Their Parasitoids in North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh

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Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Their Parasitoids in North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270272218 Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their parasitoids in north-eastern Uttar Pradesh Article · December 1999 CITATIONS READS 21 537 4 authors, including: Rajendra Singh Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University 194 PUBLICATIONS 1,179 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Checklist of mantids of various geographical region View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rajendra Singh on 31 December 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. J. Aphidol. 13: 49-62, 1999 The Aphidological Society, India ISSN 0970-3810 APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THEIR PARASITOIDS IN NORTH-EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH Rajendra Singh, B.S. Upadhyay-, Devendra Singh & H.C. Chaudhary Aphid Biocontrol Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur - 273009, U.P.; 1Department of Zoology, S.D. P.G. College, Math Lar (Deoria) - 274502, U.P., India Abstract: Extensive and intensive survey of the northeast Uttar Pradesh (Kushinagar, Deoria, Mehrajganj, Corakhpur. Siddharthnagar, Basti and Khalilabad districts) were conducted during 1997-1999. Total 38 aphid species belonging to 24 genera were recorded infesting 116 plant species belonging to 91 genera. Aphis craccivora Koch (ex 33 plant species), A. gossypii Glover (ex 38 plant species), A. nasturtii Kalt. (ex 12 plant species) and Myzus persicse (Sulzer) (ex 33 plant species) were observed to be highly polyphagous infesting plants of economic importance. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) mostly infests brassica crops. Most of the plants surveyed for aphid infestation were observed to be infested by less than 4 aphid species except some poaceous weed (Cynodon dactylon - 5 aphid spp.) and crop (Hordeum vulgare - 6 aphid spp., Triticum aestivum - 5 aphid spp.); solanaceous crop (Lycopersicon esculentum -7 aphid spp., Solanum melongena - 6 aphid spp.); and a legume (Vida laba - 5 aphid spp.). Out of recorded 38 aphid species, only 18 species were observed to be parasitised by the braconid wasps or an aphelinid wasp Aphelinus gossypli Timberlake. Results show that though the aphids were observed on several food plants, they were parasitised only on few of them. Out of 13 species of parasitoids recorded, Binodoxvs indicus (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lvsiplilebus delhiensis (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lysiphlebia mirzai Suja-Uddini and Lipolexis scutellaris Mackauer were more common on one or other host aphid. Aphelinus gossypii and B. indicus are polyphagous 'parasitising 7 and 10 species of aphids, respectively. Key words: Aphid, parasitoid, predator, records, Aphidiinae, Aphidae Aphid pest problems have become world-wide. Undoubtedly the aphids will still gain importance as pests because of their biological peculiarities in combination with the intensification of agriculture, introduction of new 50 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern U.P. varieties, synthetic fertilisers, insecticides etc. All these have stimulated research on biocontrol of the aphids within the framework of pest management programmes and much attention has been paid to their indigenous natural enemies. Stary & Ghosh (1983) emphasised that biological control should origin from a complex information in a target area so far as their natural enemies (parasitoids Zpredators] are concerned. Faunal composition, distribution, biological peculiarities, etc. of the parasitoids and predators in the particular areas are the basic sources from which many principal features of the parasitoids Zpredators may be derived. The knowledge of the host/prey range of a target parasitoid Zpredator species allows us to determine the agro-ecosystem relations and possibly even to join several biological programmes together. The terai of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh (foot of Himalayas) has a rich agricultural land and has almost remained virgin area concerning research on aphids and their parasitoids and predators. Earlier, the fauna of aphids and their natural enemies of this area have been sporadically studied by Singh & Tripathi (1987) and Ahmad & Singh (1992a, b, 1992-93a, b, 1994a, b, 1995a, b, c, 1996). But the time has now come when this region should have a consolidated account of aphids and their natural enemies. Therefore, extensive and intensive survey of the target area (Kushinagar, Deoria, Mehrajganj, Gorakhpur, Siddharthnagar, Basti and Khalilabad districts) were conducted during 1997-1999. The aphids were identified with the help of "Aphid Taxa-Key" computer software programme developed by CAB, London and keys provided by Raychaudhuri (1980) and the para sitoids were identified following Stary & Ghosh (1983). The plant materials were identified by Prof. Kamal and Prof. S.K. Singh, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. Total 38 aphid species belonging to 24 genera were recorded from the north- east Uttar Pradesh (Table 1) infesting 116 plant species belonging to 91 genera (Table 2). Aphis craccivora Koch (ex 33 plant species), A gossypii Glover (ex 38 plant species), A. nasturtii Kalt. (ex 12 plant species) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (ex 33 plant species were observed to be highly polyphagous infesting plants of economic importance. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) mostly infests brassica crops. Fourteen aphid species were recorded for the first time in the target area (**marked in Table 1) with several new aphid- plant associations (*marked in Table 1), e.g., 10 and 16 new food plants were recorded for A. craccivora and A. gossypii, respectively. Most of the plants surveyed for aphid infestation in the target area (Table 2) were observed to be infested by less than 4 aphid species except some poaceous weed (Cynodon dactylon - 5 aphid spp.) and crop (Hordeum vulgare - 6 aphid spp., Triticum aestivum - 5 aphid spp.]: solanaceous crop (Lycopersicon esculentum -7 aphid spp., Solanum melonqena - 6 aphid spp.); and a legume (Vicia Jaba - 5 aphid spp.). In spite of harbouring 7 aphid species, no considerable damage was noticed on H. vulgare and T. aestivum in the target area, however, out of 7 species recorded on Zea mays only two species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary 51 are pestiferous. Interestingly, Brassica spp. are heavily damaged by only 1 or 2 aphid species (among Brevicoryne brassicae Linn., L. erysimi, M. persicaei. Table 3 and 4 display the records of parasitoids of aphids recorded in the target area and their hosts (both plants and aphids). Out of recorded 38 aphid species, only 18 species were observed to be parasitised by the braconid wasps or an aphelinid wasp Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake. Table 3 also shows that though the aphids were observed on several food plants, they were parasitised only on few of them, e.g., A. citricola v. d. Goot (observed on 13 and parasitised on 10 plant species), A. craccivora (observed on 33 and parasitised on 10 plant species), A. gossypii (observed on 38 and parasitised on 12 plant species), A. nasturtii (observed on 12 and parasitised on 5 plant species), A. fabae Theobald (observed on 11 and parasitised on 2 plant species), M. persicae (observed on 33 and parasitised on 9 plant species), R. maid is (observed on 8 and parasitised on 5 plant species). No new parasitoid species was yet identified from the target area. Out of 13 species of parasitoids recorded, Binodoxys indicus (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lysphlebus delhiensis (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin, Lipolexis scutellaris Mackauer were more common on one or other host aphids. A. gossypii and B. indicus are polyphagous pasasitising 7 and 10 species of aphids, respectively. B. indicus has earlier been evaluated as a potent bioagent against A. cracciuora and A. gossypii (Singh & Rao, 1995). Various aspects of reproductive behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh), L. mirzai, L. delhiensis and B. indicu.s have been studied by Singh and others (Mishra & Singh, 1990, 1991; Singh & Agarwala, 1992; Singh, 1994; Tripathi & Singh, 1994, 1995, 1997; Biswas & Singh, 1995, 1997, 1998; Srivastava & Singh, 1994, 1995; Pandey & Singh, 1998a, b, 1999). The above studies evaluate the potential of first three parasitoid species mentioned above, however, no extensive field evaluation was made to assess their utility in biological control of the aphids. The well studied parasitoid species, B. indicus (Singh & Agarwala 1992) was tested in fields and have shown that the wasp may be used against A. craccivora and A. gossypii in certain agro-ecosystem (Singh & Rao, 1995). The present survey demonstrates that the target area is not only rich in aphid diversity but also in their parasitoids. However, out of 13 recorded parasitoid species, only 4 species (D. rapae, L. tnirzai, L. delhiensis and B. indicus) are biologically known and only one (B. indicus) was tested in field with considerable success (Singh & Rao, 1995). The biological studies of L. scutellaris is in progress. Although Aphidius colemani Viereck, A. matricariae Haliday and A. smithi Sharma & Subba Rao are biologically known in other countries (European and American), not yet studied in India. The latter species is being utilised in controlling the aphid M. persicae both in green houses as well as in open fields (Hagvar & Hofsvang, 1991). 52 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern V.P. Table 1. Association of aphids and their nost plants in the north-eastern V.P. Aphid
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