Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Their Parasitoids in North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh

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Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their parasitoids in north-eastern Uttar Pradesh

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APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THEIR PARASITOIDS IN NORTH-EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH

Rajendra Singh, B.S. Upadhyay-, Devendra Singh & H.C. Chaudhary Aphid Biocontrol Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur - 273009, U.P.; 1Department of Zoology, S.D. P.G. College, Math Lar (Deoria) - 274502, U.P., India

Abstract: Extensive and intensive survey of the northeast Uttar Pradesh (Kushinagar, Deoria, Mehrajganj, Corakhpur. Siddharthnagar, Basti and Khalilabad districts) were conducted during 1997-1999. Total 38 aphid species belonging to 24 genera were recorded infesting 116 plant species belonging to 91 genera. Aphis craccivora Koch (ex 33 plant species), A. gossypii Glover (ex 38 plant species), A. nasturtii Kalt. (ex 12 plant species) and Myzus persicse (Sulzer) (ex 33 plant species) were observed to be highly polyphagous infesting plants of economic importance. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) mostly infests brassica crops. Most of the plants surveyed for aphid infestation were observed to be infested by less than 4 aphid species except some poaceous weed (Cynodon dactylon - 5 aphid spp.) and crop (Hordeum vulgare - 6 aphid spp., Triticum aestivum - 5 aphid spp.); solanaceous crop (Lycopersicon esculentum -7 aphid spp., Solanum melongena - 6 aphid spp.); and a legume (Vida laba - 5 aphid spp.). Out of recorded 38 aphid species, only 18 species were observed to be parasitised by the braconid wasps or an aphelinid wasp Aphelinus gossypli Timberlake. Results show that though the aphids were observed on several food plants, they were parasitised only on few of them. Out of 13 species of parasitoids recorded, Binodoxvs indicus (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lvsiplilebus delhiensis (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lysiphlebia mirzai Suja-Uddini and Lipolexis scutellaris Mackauer were more common on one or other host aphid. Aphelinus gossypii and B. indicus are polyphagous 'parasitising 7 and 10 species of aphids, respectively.

Key words: Aphid, parasitoid, predator, records, Aphidiinae, Aphidae

Aphid pest problems have become world-wide. Undoubtedly the aphids will still gain importance as pests because of their biological peculiarities in combination with the intensification of agriculture, introduction of new 50 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern U.P.

varieties, synthetic fertilisers, insecticides etc. All these have stimulated research on biocontrol of the aphids within the framework of pest management programmes and much attention has been paid to their indigenous natural enemies. Stary & Ghosh (1983) emphasised that biological control should origin from a complex information in a target area so far as their natural enemies (parasitoids Zpredators] are concerned. Faunal composition, distribution, biological peculiarities, etc. of the parasitoids and predators in the particular areas are the basic sources from which many principal features of the parasitoids Zpredators may be derived. The knowledge of the host/prey range of a target parasitoid Zpredator species allows us to determine the agro-ecosystem relations and possibly even to join several biological programmes together. The terai of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh (foot of Himalayas) has a rich agricultural land and has almost remained virgin area concerning research on aphids and their parasitoids and predators. Earlier, the fauna of aphids and their natural enemies of this area have been sporadically studied by Singh & Tripathi (1987) and Ahmad & Singh (1992a, b, 1992-93a, b, 1994a, b, 1995a, b, c, 1996). But the time has now come when this region should have a consolidated account of aphids and their natural enemies. Therefore, extensive and intensive survey of the target area (Kushinagar, Deoria, Mehrajganj, Gorakhpur, Siddharthnagar, Basti and Khalilabad districts) were conducted during 1997-1999. . The aphids were identified with the help of "Aphid Taxa-Key" computer software programme developed by CAB, London and keys provided by Raychaudhuri (1980) and the para sitoids were identified following Stary & Ghosh (1983). The plant materials were identified by Prof. Kamal and Prof. S.K. Singh, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. Total 38 aphid species belonging to 24 genera were recorded from the northeast Uttar Pradesh (Table 1) infesting 116 plant species belonging to 91 genera (Table 2). Aphis craccivora Koch (ex 33 plant species), A gossypii Glover (ex 38 plant species), A. nasturtii Kalt. (ex 12 plant species) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (ex 33 plant species were observed to be highly polyphagous infesting plants of economic importance. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) mostly infests brassica crops. Fourteen aphid species were recorded for the first time in the target area (**marked in Table 1) with several new aphid- plant associations (*marked in Table 1), e.g., 10 and 16 new food plants were recorded for A. craccivora and A. gossypii, respectively. Most of the plants surveyed for aphid infestation in the target area (Table 2) were observed to be infested by less than 4 aphid species except some poaceous weed (Cynodon dactylon - 5 aphid spp.) and crop (Hordeum vulgare - 6 aphid spp., Triticum aestivum - 5 aphid spp.]: solanaceous crop (Lycopersicon esculentum -7 aphid spp., Solanum melonqena - 6 aphid spp.); and a legume (Vicia Jaba - 5 aphid spp.). In spite of harbouring 7 aphid species, no considerable damage was noticed on H. vulgare and T. aestivum in the target area, however, out of 7 species recorded on Zea mays only two species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary 51

are pestiferous. Interestingly, Brassica spp. are heavily damaged by only 1 or 2 aphid species (among Brevicoryne brassicae Linn., L. erysimi, M. persicaei. Table 3 and 4 display the records of parasitoids of aphids recorded in the target area and their hosts (both plants and aphids). Out of recorded 38 aphid species, only 18 species were observed to be parasitised by the braconid wasps or an aphelinid wasp Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake. Table 3 also shows that though the aphids were observed on several food plants, they were parasitised only on few of them, e.g., A. citricola v. d. Goot (observed on 13 and parasitised on 10 plant species), A. craccivora (observed on 33 and parasitised on 10 plant species), A. gossypii (observed on 38 and parasitised on 12 plant species), A. nasturtii (observed on 12 and parasitised on 5 plant species), A. fabae Theobald (observed on 11 and parasitised on 2 plant species), M. persicae (observed on 33 and parasitised on 9 plant species), R. maid is (observed on 8 and parasitised on 5 plant species). No new parasitoid species was yet identified from the target area. Out of 13 species of parasitoids recorded, Binodoxys indicus (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lysphlebus delhiensis (Subba Rao & Sharma), Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin, Lipolexis scutellaris Mackauer were more common on one or other host aphids. A. gossypii and B. indicus are polyphagous pasasitising 7 and 10 species of aphids, respectively. B. indicus has earlier been evaluated as a potent bioagent against A. cracciuora and A. gossypii (Singh & Rao, 1995). Various aspects of reproductive behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh), L. mirzai, L. delhiensis and B. indicu.s have been studied by Singh and others (Mishra & Singh, 1990, 1991; Singh & Agarwala, 1992; Singh, 1994; Tripathi & Singh, 1994, 1995, 1997; Biswas & Singh, 1995, 1997, 1998; Srivastava & Singh, 1994, 1995; Pandey & Singh, 1998a, b, 1999). The above studies evaluate the potential of first three parasitoid species mentioned above, however, no extensive field evaluation was made to assess their utility in biological control of the aphids. The well studied parasitoid species, B. indicus (Singh & Agarwala 1992) was tested in fields and have shown that the wasp may be used against A. craccivora and A. gossypii in certain agro-ecosystem (Singh & Rao, 1995). The present survey demonstrates that the target area is not only rich in aphid diversity but also in their parasitoids. However, out of 13 recorded parasitoid species, only 4 species (D. rapae, L. tnirzai, L. delhiensis and B. indicus) are biologically known and only one (B. indicus) was tested in field with considerable success (Singh & Rao, 1995). The biological studies of L. scutellaris is in progress. Although Aphidius colemani Viereck, A. matricariae Haliday and A. smithi Sharma & Subba Rao are biologically known in other countries (European and American), not yet studied in India. The latter species is being utilised in controlling the aphid M. persicae both in green houses as well as in open fields (Hagvar & Hofsvang, 1991). 52 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern V.P.

Table 1. Association of aphids and their nost plants in the north-eastern V.P.

Aphid host: Food plants

1. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) : *Lathyrus odoratus, Lathyrus sativus, Lens culinaris, Medicago sativa, Pisum sativum, "Triqonella foenum-qraecum, Viciafaba 2. **Aphis asclepiadis Fitch: Calotropis procera 3. Aphis citricola v. d. Goat: *Ageratum conyzoides, "Bideris pilosa, *Bougauinvillia spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Cestrum diumum, Citrus sp., Dahlia variabilis, Ipomoea fistulosa, *Lantana camara, "Lauisonia aba, "Solanum melongena, Sonchus sp. 4. Aphis craccivora Koch: Abelmoschus esculentus, Ageratum conyzoides, *Amaranthus spinosus, Benincasa hispida, Bougainvillaea spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Carica papaya, Cassia fistula, "Cicer arietinum, Cucurbita maxima, "Dalberqia sisso, Dolichos lablab, "Glycine max, Helianthus annus, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Lagenaria vulgaris, Lathyrus sativus, "Letts culinaris, Luffa cylindrica, Lysopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, *Mimosa pudica, Mussaenda sp., Phaseolus sinensis, "Pisum. sativum, Prunus amygdalus, Syzygium guajava, Solanum melongena, *Solanum nigrum, Sonchus sp., *Tagetes erecta, Trigonella polycerrata, *Viciafaba 5. Aphis fabae Theobald: *Cestrum nocturnum, Clerodendrum viscosum, *Datura fistulosa, Ipomoea fistulosa, Rosa indica, "Rumex haustatus, Solanum nigrum, Tagetes erecta, Tecoma stans, Veronica anagalis, *Viciafaba 6. Aphis gossypii Glover: Abelmoschus esculentus, Ageratum conyzoides, *Amaranthus uiridis, Basella rubra, *Bidens pilosa, Cajanus cajan, Capsicum annum, Capsicum frutescens, "Cestrum noctumum, *Chrysanthemum sp., Clerodendrum Vlscosum, Clerodendrum inermis, Coriandrum sativum, Colocasia esculenta, Cucurbita maxima, Eucalyptus sp., *Gossypium herbaceum, *Gossypium hirsutum, *Helianthus annus, Hibiscus canabis, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Lagenaria vulgaris, *Lantana camara, Lawsonia aba, "Luffa cylindrica, *Lycopersicon esculentum, *Magnifera indica, *Medicago sativa, Momordica charantia, Populus sp., Syzygium guajava, Solanum melonqena, *Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Tagetes erecta, *Tectona grand is, "Tridax procambens, *Viciafaba 7. Aphis nasturtii Kalt.: "Capsicum frutescens, "Chrysanthemum indicum, *Clerodendrum inermis, Clerodendrum. viscosum, *Hibiscus rosasinensis, *Lantana camara, Luffa cylindrica, "Mentha arvensis, *Momordica charantia, Syzygium guajava, "Solanum: melongena, Tectoria grandis 8. Aphis nerii (B.d.Fonsc.): *Asclepias curassavica, *Bryophyllum pinnatum, *Calotropis gigantia, Calotropis procera, Nerium ado rum, Solanum melongena 9. **Aulacorthum magnoliae: (E.& K):Cucurbita maxima 10. **Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.):Ageratum conyzoides, Lycopersicon esculentum 11. Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn.): Brassica campestris. *Brassica nap us, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, *Raphanus sativus R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary 53

12. **Caveriella aegypodii Scopoli): Salix sp. 13. Greenideaficicola Takahashi: *Fieus bengalensis, Syzygium guajava 14. Greenideaformosana heeri Raychaudhuri et al.: Syzygium guajava 15. Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy): Phragmites karka 16. Hydaphis eoriandri (Das): Coriandrum sativum, Trifolium alexandium 17. **Hyperomyzus earduellinus (Theob.): Sonchus arvensis 18. Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas): *Andropogon vulgare, Cynodon daetylon, Cyperus rotendus, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays 19. Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.): Brassiea eampestris, Brassiea juneea, Brassiea napus, Brassiea nigra, Brassiea oleraeea var. botrytis, Brassiea oleraeea var. eapitata, Brassiea oleraeea var. cauliflora, Calotropis proeera, Lycopersieon esculeritum, Raphanus satiuus, Solanum tuberosum

20. **Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae: Artemisia sp.

21. Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gill.): Chrysanthemum indicum, Delonix regia

22. Macrosiphum miscanihi (Takahashi): Avena sativa, Phalaris minor, Hordeum vulgare, Pennisetum. qlaucum, Triticum. aestiuum.

23. ** Macrosiphum rosae (Linn.): Rosa sp.

24. **Melanaphis bambusae (Fullaway): Bambu.sa. sp.

25. Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner): *Andropogon vulgare, Pennisetum qlaucum, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays

26. **Metopolophium rubi (Narz.): Rubus ellipticus

27. ** Myzus ornatus (Laing): Bougainvillea spectabilis

28. Myzus persicae (Sulzer): Ageratum conyzoides, Basella rubra, "Beta vulgaris, *Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra, Brassiea campestris, Brassica oleracea uar. botrytis , Brassica oleracea uar. capitata, "Brassica oleracea uar. cauliflora, Brassica oleracea var. gongyloides, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cajanus cajon, Calotropis procera, Capsicum frutescens, "Coriandrum. sativum, Delphinium sp., Hemigraphis indicus, Helianihus annus, *Hibiscus rosasinensis, Lycopersicon esculentum, Morus alba, *Nicotiana tabacum, Phlox sp., Pisum satiuum, Raphanus satious, Rosa sp., * Solanum melonqena, Solanum niqrum, Solanum tuberosum, Sonchus sp., Tridax procamberis, Triticum aestiuum, Vieia faba

29. Rhopalosiphum maid is (Fitch): *Andropogon vulgare, *Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotendus, Hordeum vulgare, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays

30. **Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.): Nymphaea lotus

3l. Rhopalosiphum padi (Linn.): *Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, *Oryza sativa, Triticum aestiuum, *Zea mays 54 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern U.P.

32. Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki): *Allium sativum, *Cynodon dactylon, "Hordeum. vulgare, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nerium odorum, *Oryza sativa, *Solanum tuberosum, Zea mays

33. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani): *Cynodon dactylon, Hordeum vulgare, *Oryza sativa, "Pennisetum glaucum, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays

34. **Sinomegourae citricola (v.d.Goot): Citrus sp. 35. Tetraneura nigriabdominalis : *Andropogon aciculatum, *Oryza sativa, Zea mays

36. Therioaphis trifolii (Monell): *Medicago sativum, Trifolium alexandium

37. **Toxoptera aurantii (B.d. Fonsc.): Bougainvillea spectabilis, Cestrum. noctumum, Citrus sp., Ficus heterophylla, Hibiscus rosasinensis

38. **Toxoptera odinae (v. d. Goot): Citrus sp., Mangifera indica, Mussaendafrondosa

** First record from the north-eastern U.P.; * New host-plant association in the target area

Table 2. Association of aphids with their host-plants in the north-eastern U.P.

Host plant: Aphid species 1. Abelmoschus esculentus: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii 2. Ageratum conyzoides :Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Myzus persicae 3. Allium sativum: Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis 4. Amaranthus spinosus : Aphis craccivora 5. Amaranthus viridis :Aphis gossypii

6. Andropogon aciculatum: Tetraneura niqriabdominalis 7. Andropogon vulgare: Hysteroneura setariae, Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum maidis 8. Artemisia sp.: Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae 9. Asclepias curassavica: Aphis nerii 10. Avena sativa: Rhopalosiphum padi, Macrosiphum miscanthi 11. Bambusa sp.: Melanaphis bambusae 12. Basella rubra: Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary 55

13. Benincasa hispida: Aphis craccivora 14. Beta vulgaris: Myzus persicae 15. Bidens pilosa: Aphis citricola, Aphis gossypii 16. Bougainvillaea spectabilis: Aphis craccivora, Myzus ornaius, Toxoptera aurantii, Aphis citricola 17. Brassica campestris: Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 18. Brassica juncea: Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 19. Brassica napus: Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi 20. Brassica nigra: Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 21. Brassica oleracea var. botrytis: Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae 22. Brassica oleracea uar. capitata: Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 23. Brassica oleracea uar. caulijZora: Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 24. Brassica oleracea var. gongyloides: Myzus persicae 25. Bryophyllum pinnatum: Myzus persicae, Aphis nerii 26. Cajanus cajon: Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae 27. Calotropis gigantia: Aphis nerii 28. Calotropis procera: Aphis asclepiadis, Aphis nerii, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 29. Capsicum annum: Aphis gossypii 30. Capsicumfrutescens: Aphis gossypii, Aphis uasturtii, Myzus persicae 31. Carica papaya: Aphis craccivora 32. Cassia fistula: Aphis craccivora 33. Cestrum diurnum: Aphis citricola 34. Cestrum nocturnum: Aphisfabae, Aphis gossypii, Toxoptera aurantii 35. Chrysanthemum indicum: Aphis nasturtii, Macrosiphoniella sanborni 36. Chrysanthemum sp.: Aphis gossypii 37. Cicer arietinum: Aphis craccivora 38. Citrus sp.: Aphis ciiricola, Sinomegourae citricola, Toxoptera auraniii, Toxoptera odinue 39. Clerodendrum. inermis: Aphis gossypii. Aphis nasturtii 40. Clerodendrurn viscosum: Aphisfabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii 4 1. Colocasia esculenta: Aphis gossypii 42. Coriandrum sativum: Aphis gossypii, Hydaphis coriandri, Myzus persicae 43. Cucurbita maxima: Aphis craccioora, Aphis gossypii, Aulacorthum magnoliae 44. Cunodori dactylon: Hysteroneura setariae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Schizaphis graminum 45. Cyperus rotendus: Husteroneura setariae, Rhopalosiphum maidis 46. Dahlia variabilis: Aphis citricola 56 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern V.P.

47. Dalbergia sisso: Aphis craccivora 48. Datura fistulosa: Aphis fabae 49. Delonix regia: Macrosiphoniella sanborni 50. Delphinium sp.: Myzus persicae 51. Dolichos lablab: Aphis craccivora 52. Eucalyptus sp.: Aphis gossypii 53. Ficus bengalensis: Greenidea ficicola 54. Ficus heterophylla: Toxoptera aurantii 55. Glycine max : Aphis craccivora 56. Gossypium herbaceum: Aphis gossypii 57. Gossypium hirsutum: Aphis gossypii 58. Helianthus annus: Aphis craccivora , Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae 59. Hemigraphis indicus: Myzus persicae 60. Hibiscus rosasinensis: Aphis craccivora,Aphis nasturtii, Myzus persicae, Toxoptera aurantii 61. Hordeum vulgare: Hysteroneura setariae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Schizaphis qraminum, Macrosiphum miscanihi 62. Ipomoea fistulosa: Aphis ciiricola, Aphisfabae 63. Lagenaria vulgaris: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii 64. Lantana camara: Aphis citricola, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii 65. Lathyrus odoratus: Acyrthosiphonpisum 66. Lathyrus sativus: Aphis craccivora, Acyrthosiphon pisum 67. Lauisonia aba : Aphis citricola, Aphis gossypii 68. Lens culinmis: Aphis craccivora, Acyrthosiphon pisum 69. Luffa cylindrica: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii 70. Lycopersicon esculentum: Aphis craccivoTU,Aphis gossypii, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 71. Magnifera indica: Aphis gossypii, Toxoptera odinae 72. Medicago sativa: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Acyrthosiphon pisum 73. Medicago sativum: Therioaphis trifolii 74. Mentha arvensis: Aphis nasturtii 75. Mimosa pudica: Aphis craccivora 76. Momordica charantia: Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii 77. Morus alba: Myzus persicae 78. Mussaenda frondosa: Toxoptera odinae 79. Mussenda sp.: Aphis craccivora

80. Nerium. odorum: Aphis nerii, Rhopolosiphuni rufiabdominalis R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary

81. Nicotiana tabacum: Myzus persicae 82. Nymphaea lotus: Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae 83. Oryza sativa: Rhopalosiphum padi , Rhopalosiphwn rujiabdominalis, Schizaphis graminum, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis 84. Pennisetum glaucum: Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Schizaphis graminum, Macrosiphum miscanthi 85. Phalaris minor: Macrosiphum miscanthi 86. Phaseolus sinensis: Aphis craccivora 87. Phlox sp.: Myzus persicae 88. Phragmites karka: Hyalopterus pruni 89. Pisum sativum: Aphis craccivora, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae 90. Populus sp.: Aphis gossypii 91. Prunus amygdalus: Aphis craccivora 92. Syzygium guajava: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Greenidea jicicola, Greenidea formosana heeri 93. Raphanus sativus: Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 94. Rosa indica: Aphis fabae

95. Rosa sp.: Macrosiphum rosae, Myzus persicae 96. Rubus ellipticus: Metopolophium rubi 97. Rumex haustatus :Aphis fabae 98. Saccharum ofjicinarum: Melanaphis sacchari 99. Salix sp.: Caveriella aegypodii 100. Solanum melongena: Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Myzus persicae 101. Solanum nigrum: Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae 102. Solanum tuberosum: Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae 103. Sonchus arvensis: Hyperomyzus carduellinus 104. Sonchus sp.: Aphis citricola,Aphis craccivora, Myzus persicae 105. Sorghum bicolor:Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum maidis 106. Tagetes erecta: Aphis craccivora, Aphisfabae, Aphis gossypii 107. Tecoma stans: Aphis fabae 108. Tectona grandis: Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii 109. Tridax procambens: Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae 110. Trifolium alexandium: Hydaphis coriandri, Therioaphis trifolii 1 11. Trigonellafoenum-graecum: Acyrthosiphon pisum 112. Trigonellapolycerrata: Aphis cracciuora 58 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern U.P.

1 13. Triticum aestivum: Macrosiphum miscanthi, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum 114. Veronica anagalis.: Aphisfabae 1 15. Viciafaba: Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae 116. Zea mays: Hysteroneura setariae, Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Schizaphis graminum, Tetraneura niqriabdominalis

Table 3. Association of aphids with their parasitoids on different host-plant species in north-eastern U.P.

Aphid species /Parasitoid/Host plant 1. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) Aphidius smithi/ Medicago sativa *, Pisum sativum, Viciafaba 2. Aphis citricola v. d. Goot Aphelinus gossypii/ Cajanus cajan *, Dahlia uariabilis, Solanum melongena * Binodoxys indicus/ Cajanus cajan, Cestrum diumum, Sonchus sp. 3. Aphis craccivora Koch Lipolexis scutellaris/ Benincasa hispida, Cassia fistula, Dolichos lablab Binodoxus indicus/ Ageratum conyzoides, Cajanus cajon, Dolichos lablab, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Lagenaria vulgaris, Luffa cylindrica*, Lysopersicon esculentum *, Solanum melonqena 4. Aphisfabae Theobald Binodoxys indicus/ Clerodendrum viscosum, Vicia faba * 5. Aphis gossypii Glover Aphelinus gossypii/ Cajanus cajon, Capsicum fruiescens *, Lagenaria vulgaris, Solanum melonqena, Viciafaba Lipolexis scutellaris/ Solanum melonqena", Syzygium guajava Binodoxys indicue/ Cajanus cajan, Capsicum" frutescens, Cucurbita maxima, Gossypium herbaceum *, Luffa cylindrica, Lycopersicon esculeritum, Momordica charaniia, Solanum melonqena Ephedrus plagiator/Tagetes erecta 6. Aphis nasturtii Kalt. Binodoxys indicus/ Capsicum frutescens *, Hibiscus rosasinensis *, Syzygium guajava Lipolexis scutellaris/ Luffa cylindrica, Tectona grandis R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary 59

7. Aphis nerii B.d.Fonsc. Binodoxys indicus/ Calotropis gigantia *, Calotropis procera 8. Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn.) Diaeretiella rapae / Brassica oleracea var. capitata, Raphanus sativus* 9. Greenidea formoeana heeri Raychaudhuri et al. Archaphidus qreenideae/ Syzygium guajava 10. Hyalopterus pruni (Geoff.) Lysiphlebia mirzai/ Phragmites kerka II. Hysteroneura setariae (Thomcst Binodoxys indicus/ Cyperus rotendus 12. Lipaphis erysimi (Ka1t.) **Diaeretiella rapae/ Brassica campestris, Brassica oleracea var. caulijlora Binodoxys indicus/ Brassica campestris, Calotropis procera 13. Macrosiphum miscanthi (Takahashi) Aphelinus gossypii/ Phalaris minor Aphidius uzbekistanicus/ Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum Praon sp./ Hordeum vulgare 14. Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) Aphelinus gossypii/ Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays Lysiphlebia mirzai/ Pennisetum glaucum, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays Lysiphlebus delhiensis/ Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea ma 15. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Aphelinus gossypii/ Delphinium sp., Hemigraphis indicus, Solanum tuberosum Aphidius colemani/ Brassica oleracea var. capitata Aphidius matricariae/ Lycopersicon esculentum, Triticum aestivum **Lipolexis scutellaris/ Capsicum frutescens, Solanum melongena Binodoxys indicus/ Cajanus cajon, Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum * 16. Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) Aphelinus gossypii/ Sorghum bicolor, Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays* Aphidius uzbekistanicus/ Hordeum vulgar Lysiphlebia mirzai/ Pennisetum glaucum, Triticum aestivum *, Zea mays Lysiphlebus delhiensis/ Pennisetum qlaucum, Triticum aestivum *, Zea mays 17. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) Aphelinus gossypii/ Pennisetum qlaucum, Zea may **Lysiphlebia mirzai/ Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays **Lysiphlebus delhiensis/ Pennisetum qlaucum, Zea mays 60 Aphids and their parasitoids in north-eastern U.P.

lS. Toxoptera aurantii (B.d. Fonsc.) **Binodoxys indicus/ Bougainvillea spectabilis

** First record of parasitism, * New host plant association in the target area

Table 4. Records of hosts of aphid parasitoid in north eastern U.P.

Parasitoid species: Aphid species

1. Aphelinus gossypii (Timberlake): Aphis fl/CitTicola,Aphis gossypii, Melanaphis sacchar", Rhopalosiphum maidis, Schizaphis graminurn *, Macrosiphurri miscanthi, Myzus persicae 2. Aphidius colemani: Myzus persicae 3. Aphidius matricariae: Myzus persicae 4. Aphidius smithi: Acyrthosiphon pisum 5. Aphidius uzbekistanicus: Macrosiphum miscanthi , Rhopalosiphum maidis 6. Archaphidus greenideae: GreenideaJormosana heeri 7. Diaeretiella rapae: Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi* B. Ephedrus plagiator: Aphis gossypii 9. Lipolexis scutellaris: Aphis cracciuora, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Myzus persicae" 10. Lysiphlebia mirzai: Melanaphis sacchari, Hyalopterus pruni, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Schizaphis graminum * 1 1. Lysiphlebus delhiensis: Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Schizaphis graminum* 12. Praon sp.: Macrosiphum miscanthi 13. Binodoxys indicus: Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Husteroneura setariae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, Toxoptera aurantii*

* First record of host aphid in the target area

Acknowledgements: The authors thank to Prof. A.S. Narain, Head of the Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur for facilities and CSIR, New Delhi for financial assistance (37(0986)/98/EMR-II) and to Dr. S.K. Tripathi, Dr. Sharmila Pandey, Miss Seema, Mr. Mahesh Prasad, Mr. Sheo Prasad, Miss Anjana Singh, Miss Kiran Singh of our laboratory and villagers of the target area for various kind of help rendered to us. R. Singh, B.S. Upadhyay, D. Singh & H.C. Chaudhary 61

REFERENCES

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Pandey, S. & Singh, R. (1998a). Effect of temperature on the development and reproduction of a cereal aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin (Hym.: Braconidae). Bioi. Agric. & Hort. 16,239-250. Pandey, S. & Singh, R. (1998b). Effect of parental age at coition on reproduction of Lysiphlebia mirzai (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ent. Gen. 23, 187-193. Pandey, S. & Singh, R. (1999). Host size induced variation in progeny sex ratio of an aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebia mirzai. Ent. Exp. Appl. 90,61-67. Raychaudhuri, D.N. (1980). Aphids of North East India and Bhutan, (ed.), Zoological Society, Calcutta, pp. 521. Singh, R. (1994). Demography of the aphid parasitoid Trioxys indicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on different host patches. In: Environment and Applied Biology (eds. Agarwal, V.P., Abidi, S.A.H., Sharma, R.K. & Zingde, M.D.), Society of Biosciences, Muzaffarnagar, India, pp. 121-138. Singh, R. & Agarwala, B.K. (1992). Biology, ecology, and control efficiency of the aphid parasitoid Trioxys indicus : a review and bibliography. Biol. Agric. & Hort. 8,271-298. Singh, R. & Rao, S.N. (J995). Biological control of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera : Aphididae) on cucurbits by Trioxys indicus Subba Rao & Sharma (Hymenoptera: Ap- hidiidae). BioI. Agric. & Hart. 12,227-236. Singh, R. & Tripathi, R.N. (1987). Records of aphid parasitoids from Terai belt of eastern Uttar Pradesh - !. 1. Aphidol. J, 89-92. Srivastava, M. and Singh, R. (1994). Sex ratio adjustment by a koinobiotic parasitoid Lysiphlebus delhiensis (Subba Rao and Sharma) (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae) in response to host size. Bioi. Agric. & Hort. 12, 15-28. Srivastava, M. & Singh, R. (1995). Influence of age of parents Lysiphlebus delhierisis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) during copulation on the progeny production and offspring sex ratio.,J. Appl. Ent. 119,73-77. Stary, P. & Ghosh, A.K. (1983). Aphid parasitoids of India and adjacent countries (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). ZSI Tech. Monograph 7, 1-96. Tripathi, R.N. & Singh, R. (1994). Host-finding and host acceptance behaviour of an aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin. J. Adv. Zool. 15,37-43. Tripathi, R.N. & Singh, R. (1995). Host specificity and seasonal distribution of Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin (Hym. : Braconidae). Bioi. Agric. & Hort. 12, 283- 294. Tripathi, S.K. &,Singh, R. (1997). Effect of host-food plant transfer on the life-table of Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin, an aphid parasitoid of cereal aphids. Malay. J. Appl. Bioi. 26, 1-5.

(Received on: October 12, /998; Accepted on: August 26, /999)

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