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Revista mexicana de biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 ISSN: 2007-8706 Instituto de Biología

Hernández, Raquel; Álvarez, Fernando Molluscs from the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico; new records for the Mexican Caribbean Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, vol. 90, 2019 Instituto de Biología

DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42562784052

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Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712

Taxonomy and systematics

Molluscs from the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico; new records for the Mexican Caribbean

Moluscos del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México; nuevos registros para el Caribe mexicano

Raquel Hernández, Fernando Álvarez *

Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-153, 04510 México City, Mexico

*Corresponding author: [email protected] (F. Álvarez)

Received: 24 May 2018; accepted: 22 March 2019

Abstract A study of the reef associated fauna was conducted in the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park (PNAPM) in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Coral rubble was sampled at 3 sites representing different conservation conditions. A total of 653 organisms representing 120 of molluscs were collected, of which 14 (11%) are new records for the Mexican Caribbean. The new records presented herein correspond to: 11 gastropods belonging to 11 different families, 2 bivalves from 2 different orders, and 1 polyplacophoran. A rarefaction curve adjusted using Chao 1 estimator results in a theoretical maximum of 220 species. With further studieson the mollusc fauna of the Mexican Caribbean, the recorded species richness should increase considerably in the future.

Keywords: Mesoamerican reef; ; ; Polyplacophora; Biodiversity

Resumen Se realizó un estudio de la fauna asociada al arrecife de coral en el Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos (PNAPM) en Quintana Roo, México. Se muestreó la pedacería de coral muerto en 3 sitios que representaron diferentes niveles de conservación. Se recolectó un total de 653 organismos que corresponden a 120 especies de moluscos, de los cuales 14 (11%) son registros nuevos para el Caribe mexicano. Los registros nuevos que se presentan son: 11 gasterópodos de 11 familias, 2 bivalvos de 2 órdenes diferentes y 1 poliplacóforo. Se obtuvo una curva de rarefacción utilizando el estimador Chao 1 que resultó en un máximo teórico de 220 especies. Con nuevos estudios sobre la fauna de moluscos del Caribe mexicano, el número de especies registradas debe incrementarse considerablemente en el futuro.

Palabras clave: Arrecife mesoamericano; Gastropoda; Bivalvia; Polyplacophora; Biodiversidad

ISSN versión electrónica: 2007-8706; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712 R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 2 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Introduction

Coral reefs are threatened ecosystems world-wide due to the increased urban development of coastal areas that promote sedimentation, overfishing, macroalgal growth, low water quality, diseases and direct physical damage (Alvarez-Filip et al., 2011; Monroy-Velázquez et al., 2017). Several approaches have been developed to estimate the health status of coral reefs; one non- destructive method is to survey theabundance and diversity of cryptic fauna from coral rubble and associate them to how conserved or deteriorated the reefis (Linton & Warner, 2003; Takada et al., 2007; Monroy-Velázquez et al., 2017). However, their inclusion in such analyses is dependent upon the availability and completeness of the corresponding inventories (Thomas, 1993).In this paper, we present a list of species of molluscs found in 3 sites within the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, and 14 new distributional records for the Mexican Caribbean. Further analyses of these data,combined with those of other invertebrate groups recorded in the same samplings, is forthcoming. Molluscs are a dominant component of the coral reef fauna and their real diversity is still a matter of much controversy.Miloslavich et al. (2010) reported 3,032 species for the whole Caribbean Sea, based on records from major museums and the databases available at the Figure 1. Map of the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, time. González-Vallejo (2011) reported 675 species for the Quintana Roo, Mexico, showing the collecting sites for this Mexican Caribbean, and 3 years laterCastillo-Rodríguez study: Bonanza, Puerto Morelos and Jardines. (2014) recorded 985 species for the same area. The large increase in number of species (310) shows that the potential for new distributional records in the area is still quite high. Morelos (20°52’50” N, 86°51’02” W), conserved, in the Further, these figures suggest that the Mexican Caribbean central portion of the marine park is in good condition could host close to one-third of the total diversity of although it is adjacent to the town of Puerto Morelos, and the region. Other studies that have contributed to the 3) Jardines (20°50’20” N, 86°52’41” W), degraded, lies to knowledge of the mollusc fauna in the Mexican Caribbean the south in front of large resorts and golf courses with a are those of Cruz-Abrego et al. (1995), González-Vallejo heavy sediment load (Monroy-Velázquez &Álvarez, 2016; (1998) and García-Cubas and Reguero (2004, 2007). In Monroy-Velázquez et al., 2017; Rodríguez-Martínez et al., this study, the Mexican Caribbean is considered to be the 2010; Fig. 1). Using SCUBA equipment, 3 kg of coral area between Cape Catoche in the northeastern tip of the rubble were sampled in each site. It is worth mentioning Yucatan Peninsula to Xcalak, Quintana Roo, in the border that although no sediment was taken with the coral rubble with Belize, a coastline of approximately 418 km. samples,some micromollusks associated to this substrate were collected. Samplings were conducted in March, May, Materials and methods August, and November 2013, and January 2014, under SAGARPA (Agriculture, Natural Resources and Fisheries The study was conducted in the Puerto Morelos Reef Secretariat) collecting permit DGOPA.00008.080113.0006 National Park (PNAPM), Quintana Roo, Mexico; which is granted to F. Álvarez. a section of the Mesoamerican Reef (Fig. 1). Three sites Samples were placed in plastic bags and transported were selected: 1) Bonanza (20°57’58” N, 86°48’27” W), to the lab for sorting. All organisms were extracted from in recovery, located in the northern section of the marine the dead coral matrix and preserved in 70% EtOH. The park, now closed to recreational activities after being identification guides used were Abbott (1974),Redfern heavily impacted by snorkeling and diving; 2) Puerto (2001), García-Ríos (2003), Mikkelsen and Bieler (2008) R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 3 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

and Tunnell et al. (2010). The synonymies were checked Results in Abbott and Dance (1982), Tunnell et al. (2010), Redfern (2001, 2013), Rosenberg et al.(2009) and Horton et al. A total of 653 organisms from 120 species were (2018); the last 2 references were used to verify current collected. Gastropoda was represented by 80 species in accepted names. The taxonomic list is presented following 60 genera and 38 families, Bivalvia by 26 species in 24 Horton et al. (2018) for gastropods; Bieler and Mikkelsen genera and 16 families, Polyplacophora by 12 species in 5 (2006) for bivalves, Kaas and Van Belle (1987) for genera and 3 families, and Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda polyplacophorans, Scarabino (2008) for scaphopods, and by 1 species each (Table 1). Young et al. (2018) for cephalopods. The values obtained for the model used to construct Specimens representing the new records of less than 2 the rarefaction curve (a = 0.397, b = 0.0018) result in a mm in total length were photographed in an Axio Zoom theoretical maximum number of species of a/b = 220.55 V16 Zeiss microscope, and larger specimens in a Z16 (Fig. 2; curve obtained with Chao 1 estimator), 100 more APO-A Leica microscope. No taxonomic comments than what was obtained (Fig. 2; curve constructed with the are included since all the species agree well with the observed values). This result suggests that the number of rare original descriptions. All specimens representing the new species, or species that occur with low numbers, can make distributional records are deposited in the “Colección up for more than half of the mollusc community in the area. Malacológica Dr. Antonio García-Cubas” (COMA) of the Three species in the family Phasianellidae were collected, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad of which bellum (M. Smith, 1937) was the Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM). All the most abundant gastropod with 122 (18%) individuals. remaining specimens are deposited in the “Colección The gastropods Columbella mercatoria (Linnaeus, 1758), Nacional de Moluscos” (CNMO) of the Institutode litteratum (Born, 1778) and Eulithidium bellum Biología, UNAM. were present in all samples. The gastropod family Rissoini- A rarefaction curve was obtained based on the observed dae was the most diverse group in the sampling with 5 data using EstimateS 9.1 software and Chao 1 estimator species. Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819) was the most (Colwell, 2016). The curve was plotted in Statistica abundant bivalve with 27 individuals. The polyplacophoran v10.0.1011 with the model S = (a*v1)/(1+(b*v1)), where Acanthochitona was the most diverse with 4 species. “a” is the rate at which new species are incorporated at the Acanthochitona zebra Lyons, 1988 was the most abundant beginning of the sampling and “b” a parameter related to species with 29 individuals, followed by Ischnochiton the shape of the curve (Jiménez-Valverde & Hortal, 2003). erythronotus (C.B. Adams, 1845) with 25 individuals. The The asymptote of the curve, the theoretical maximum classes Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda were represented by number of species, is equal to a/b. 1 species each (Table 1).

Figure 2. Rarefaction curve based on the Puerto Morelos mollusc data using Chao 1 estimator (Sobs = number of species observed; Chao1 = projected number of species under this estimator). R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 4 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Table 1 Abundance of molluscs’species collected in the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park by date (month/year). Species in bold represent new distributional records for the Mexican Caribbean.

Family Genus Species 03/ 05/ 08/ 11/ 01/ 05/ 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 Class Gastropoda Eoacmaeidae Eoacmaea pustulata (Helbling, 1779) 1222 Fissurellidae Diodora dysoni (Reeve, 1850) 113 minuta (Lamarck, 1822) 22 variegata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1862) 1 Fissurella angusta (Gmelin, 1791) 1 Lucapina philippiana (Finlay, 1930) 2 Chilodontaidae Euchelus guttarosea Dall, 1889 31 Synaptocochlea picta (d’Orbigny,1847) 3 Pseudostomatella erythrocoma (Dall, 1889) 1 Tegulidae Tegula fasciata (Born, 1778) 4 gruneri (Philippi, 1849) 11 Areneidae Arene cruentata (Megerle von Mühlfeld, 11 1 1824) Phasianellidae Eulithidium adamsi (Philippi, 1853) 1 7 24 41 bellum (M. Smith, 1937) 5 43 13 2 30 29 thalassicola (Robertson, 1958) 22 Turbinidae Lithopoma americanum (Gmelin, 1791) 2 Neritidae Smaragdia viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 Cerithidae Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) 12426 eburneum Bruguière, 1792 1933 litteratum (Born, 1778) 634354 Fossarus orbignyi P. Fisher, 1864 1 Alvania faberi De Jong & Coomans, 1988 2 Simulamerelina caribaea (d’Orbigny, 1842) 111 Ailinzebina elegantissima (d’ Orbigny, 1842) 1 cancellata (Philippi, 1847) 11 pulchra (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 decussata (Montagu, 1803) 1 princeps (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 bouryi (Desjardin, 1949) 1 bryerea (Montagu, 1803) 11121 aberrans (C. B. Adams, 1850) 22 browniana (d’Orbigny, 1842) 1 vitrea (C. B. Adams, 1850) 31 Vitrinnellidae Circulus semisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1 1958) Tornidae Parviturboides interruptus (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 maugeriae (J. E. Gray, 1832) 1 R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 5 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Table 1 Continued Family Genus Species 03/ 05/ 08/ 11/ 01/ 05/ 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 Epitoniidae turritellula (Mörch, 1875) 2 Eulimidae Melanella eburnea (Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1 1824) flava (C. B. Adams, 1850) 2 fusiformis (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 lata (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 adamsii (H. C. Lea, 1845) 12 123 bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845) 1 Cosmotriphora ornata (Deshayes, 1832) 1 Iniforis turristhomae (Holten, 1802) 13 elvirae De Jong & Coomans, 1988 1 Muricidae Coralliophila galea (Dillwyn, 1823) 1 Dermomurex pauperculus (C. B. Adams, 1850) 2 Astyris lunata (Say, 1826) 11 Columbella mercatoria (Linnaeus, 1758) 236344 Mitrella nycteis (Duclos, 1846) 1 Steironepion maculatum (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 moniliferum (G. B. Sowerby I, 21 1844) Nassariidae Phrontis alba (Say, 1826) 11 antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1847) 1 Bellolividae Jaspidella blanesi (Ford, 1898) 1 Olividae Olivella acteocina Olsson, 1956 1 exilis (Marrat, 1871) 15 bullula (Reeve, 1850) 2 Cystiscidae lavalleeana (d’Orbigny, 1842) 10 1 Costellariidae Vexillum moniliferum (C. B. Adams, 1850) 1 Mitromica foveata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1874) 1 Pseudomelatomidae Crassispira fuscescens (Reeve, 1843) 1 Hyalina pallida (Linnaeus, 1758) 11 Volvarina ceciliae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 11 1 avena (Kiener, 1834) 1 subtriplicata (d’Orbigny, 1842) 12 Tenaturris inepta (E. A. Smith, 1882) 112 dysoni (Reeve, 1846) 1 Granoturris padolina Fargo, 1953 1 Rissoellidae Rissoella caribaea Rehder, 1943 13 nioba (Dall & Bartsch, 1911) 1 Odostomia laevigata (d’Orbigny, 1841) 1 babylonia (C. B. Adams, 1845) 1 R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 6 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Table 1 Continued Family Genus Species 03/ 05/ 08/ 11/ 01/ 05/ 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 niveus (Mörch, 1875) 11 Bullidae Bulla occidentalis A. Adams, 1850 1 Haminoeidae Atys sharpi Vanatta, 1901 1 Tornatinidae Acteocina candei (d’Orbigny, 1841) 31 liratispira (E. A. Smith, 1872) 12 ulla(Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1 1970)

Class Bivalvia Nuculidae Ennucula delphinodonta (Mighels & C. B. 1 Adams, 1842) Solemyidae Solemya occidentalis Deshayes, 1857 112 Arcidae Barbatia domingensis (Lamarck, 1819) 131 cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819) 5 1 11 11 Noetiidae Arcopsis adamsi (Dall, 1886) 1 Mytilidae Lithophaga antillarum (d’Orbigny, 1853) 1 nigra (d’Orbigny, 1853) 1 Leiosolenus bisulcatus (d’Orbigny, 1853) 21 1 Musculus lateralis (Say, 1822) 1 Botula fusca (Gmelin, 1791) 1 Pteriidae Pinctada longisquamosa (Dunker, 1852) 1 Limidae Lima caribaea d’Orbigny, 1853 151 1 Pectinidae Caribachlamys ornata (Lamarck, 1819) 2 Lucinidae Ctena orbiculata (Montagu, 1808) 1 Lucina pensylvanica (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 Condylocardiidae Carditopsis smithii (Dall, 1896) 11 Ungulinidae Diplodonta notata (Dall & Simpson, 1901) 1 Phlyctiderma semiaspera (Philippi, 1836) 11 Chamidae Pseudochama cristella (Lamarck, 1819) 1

Cardiidae Americardia guppyi (Thiele, 1910) 21 Laevicardium mortoni Conrad, 1831) 1 Veneridae Chioneryx pygmaea (Lamarck, 1818) 21 Petricola lapicida (Gmelin, 1791) 21 Gastrochaenidae Lamychaena hians (Gmelin, 1791) 1 Spengleria rostrata (Spengler, 1783) 24 Bushia elegans (Dall, 1886) 1

Class Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton erythronotus(C.B. Adams, 1845) 161161 R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 7 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Table 1 Continued Family Genus Species 03/ 05/ 08/ 11/ 01/ 05/ 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 hartmeyeri Thiele, 1910 311 Stenoplax bahamensis Kaas & Van Belle, 1987 42531 boogii (Haddon, 1886) 13 floridana (Pilsbry, 1892) 1 Lepidochitonidae liozonis (Dall & Simpson, 1901) 12523 rosea Kass, 1972 1 Acanthochitonidae Acanthochitona lineata Lyons, 1988 11 roseojugum Lyons, 1988 1252 zebra Lyons, 1988 5158 1 andersoni Watters, 1981 12 Cryptoconchus floridanus (Dall, 1889) 1

Class Cephalopoda Octopodidae Octopus maya Voss & Solís, 1966 3

Class Scaphopoda Dentaliidae Antalis antillaris (d’Orbigny, 1853) 31 Total 24 85 133 73 154 184

Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1795 Taxonomic summary OrderLittorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 Original name:Rissoina bouryi Desjardin, 1949 Superfamily Gray, 1840 Material examined:1 individual;Puerto Morelos, FamilyVitrinellidae Bush, 1897 PNAPM; 14-I-2014; COMA-0000001832. Genus Circulus Jeffreys, 1865 Distribution:USA(Florida), Bahamas and Cuba Circulus semisculptus (Olsson & McGinty, 1958) (Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg (Fig.3a) et al., 2009).

Taxonomic summary Order Cox, 1960 Synonymy:Vitrinella semisculpta Olsson & McGinty, Superfamily Epitonioidea Berry, 1910 1958. Family Epitoniidae Berry, 1910 (1812) Material examined: 1 individual; Jardines, PNAPM; Genus EpitoniumRöding, 1798 14-I-2014; COMA-0000001771. Epitonium turritellula (Mörch, 1875) Distribution:USA (Florida), throughout the Caribbean (Fig. 3c) including the Greater Antilles, Costa Rica, Panama andColombia (Abbott, 1974; Miloslavich et al., 2010; Taxonomic summary Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 2009). Synonymy:Scala turritellula var. riisei Mörch, 1875; Scala turritellula Mörch, 1875; Scala stylina Dall, FamilyZebinidae Coan, 1964 1889; Scala rushi var stylina Dall, 1889; Epitonium Genus SchwartziellaG. Nevill, 1881 turritellulum(Mörch, 1874);Epitonium (Asperiscala) Schwartziella bouryi (Desjardin, 1949) (Taxon turritellulum. inquirendum) Material examined: 2 individuals, Puerto Morelos, (Fig.3b). PNAPM; 14-I-2014; COMA-0000001826. R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 8 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Figure 3. New records of molluscs from the PNAPM: a, Circulus semisculptus; b, Schwartziella bouryi; c, Epitonium turritellula; d, Cerithiopsis flava; e, Retilaskeya bicolor; f, Coralliophila galea; g, Olivella acteocina; h, Volvarina ceciliae. R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 9 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Distribution:USA (Texas), Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Taxonomic summary Republic, Puerto Rico,U.S. Virgin Islands, Aruba, Bonaire, Synonymy:Murex galea Dillwyn, 1823; Coralliophila Curaçao, Venezuela andBrazil(Miloslavich et al., 2010; abbreviata Lamarck, 1816; Rhizochilus abbreviata Rosenberg, 2009; Tunnell et al., 2010; Warmke & Abbott, Lamarck, 1816; Purpura abbreviataLamarck, 1816; 1962). Coralliophila deformis Lamarck, 1822; Coralliophila nodulosa H.Adams & A. Adams, 1864; Coralliophila Superfamily Gray, 1847 undosa H. Adams & A. Adams, 1864; Purpura miocenica Family Cerithiopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Guppy, 1873. GenusCerithiopsisForbes & Hanley, 1850 Material examined: 1 individual; Jardines, Cerithiopsis flava (C.B. Adams, 1850) PNAPM;6-V-2013;COMA-0000001805. (Fig.3d) Distribution:Bermuda, USA (North Carolina, Florida, Texas), Mexico (Yucatan), Belize, Cuba, Jamaica,Cayman Taxonomic summary Islands, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Aruba, Bonaire, Synonymy:Cerithium flavum C. B. Adams, 1850; Curaçao and Brazil(Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg, Cerithiopsis flavum (C. B. Adams, 1850); Bittium 2009; Rosenberg et al., 2009). flava(C.B. Adams, 1850);Cerithiopsis hero Bartxch, 1911. Material examined: 2 individuals; Jardines, PNAPM;6- Superfamily Olivoidea Latreille, 1825 III-2013; COMA-0000001829.1 individual; Puerto Family Olividae Latreille, 1825 Morelos, PNAPM; 7-V-2014; COMA-0000001836. Genus Olivella Swainson, 1831 Distribution:USA (Florida,Louisiana, Texas), Cuba, Olivella acteocina Olsson, 1956 Belize, Jamaica, U.S. Virgin Islands, Aruba, Bonaire (Fig.3g) and Curaçao (Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 2009; Tunnell et al., 2010). Taxonomic summary Material examined: 1 individual; Puerto Morelos, Family Newtoniellidae Korobkov, 1955 PNAPM; 14-I-2014; COMA-0000001831. GenusRetilaskeyaB.A. Marshall, 1978 Distribution: Mexico(Yucatan),Cuba, Puerto Retilaskeya bicolor (C.B. Adams, 1845) Rico, Panama, Bahamas(Grand Bahama Island, New (Fig.3e) Providence), St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Colombia, Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao(Abbott, 1974; Miloslavich et Taxonomic summary al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 2009; Vokes Synonymy:Cerithium bicolor C. B. Adams, 1845; & Vokes, 1983; Warmke & Abbott, 1962). Cerithiopsis bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845); Bittium bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845); Bittium major Mörch, 1876; Family Marginellidae Fleming, 1828 Cerithiopsis binoda Usticke, 1969; Cerithiopsis subulata Genus VolvarinaHinds, 1844 Montagu, 1808; Cerithiopsis emersoni C. B. Adams, 1839; Volvarina ceciliae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999 emersoni C. B. Adams, 1839. (Fig.3h) Material examined: 1 individual; Bonanza, PNAPM; 14-I-2014;COMA-0000001810. Taxonomic summary Distribution:USA (Massachusetts,Florida,Texas), Material examined:1 individual; Bonanza, PNAPM; Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Mexico (Yucatan), Belize, 6-V-2013; COMA-0000001715.1 individual, Puerto Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia,Venezuela, Lesser Antilles Morelos, PNAPM; 7-XI-2013; COMA-0000001751. and Brazil (Abbott, 1974; Miloslavich et al., 2010; 1 individual; Puerto Morelos, PNAPM; 6-III-2013; Rosenberg, 2009; Tunnell et al., 2010). COMA-0000001752. Distribution: Cubaand Cayman Islands(Miloslavich et OrderNeogastropoda Wenz, 1938 al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009). Superfamily Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815 Superfamily Fleming, 1822 Family Muricidae Rafinesque, 1815 FamilyMangellidae P. Fischer, 1883 Genus Coralliophila H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Genus Granoturris Fargo, 1953 Coralliophila galea (Dillwyn, 1823) Granoturris padolinaFargo, 1953 (Fig.3f) (Fig.4a) R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 10 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Taxonomic summary Material examined:1 individual; Puerto Morelos, Synonymy:Kurtziella padolina (Fargo, 1953). PNAPM; 7-V-2013; COMA-0000001835. 1 individual; Material examined:1 individual; Bonanza, PNAPM; Puerto Morelos, PNAPM; 14-I-2014; COMA-0000001834. 6-VIII-2013; COMA-0000001812.1 individual, Puerto Distribution:Bermuda, USA (Florida, Texas),Bahamas, Morelos, PNAPM; 7-V-2014; COMA-0000001833. Mexico (Yucatan), Cuba, Colombia,Aruba, Bonaire, Distribution: USA (Florida, Texas), Bahamas and Curacao and Brazil (Abbott,1974; Merlano & Hegedus, Brazil (Ríos, 1994; Rosenberg et al., 2009). 1994; Ríos, 1994; Mikkelsen &Bieler, 2008; Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg et al., 2009; Tunnellet al.,2010). Superfamily Gray, 1840 Family Pyramidellidae Gray, 1840 Order Veneroida H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 Genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1857 Family Gastrochaenidae Gray, 1840 Chrysallida nioba (Dall & Bartsch, 1911) Genus Spengleria Tryon, 1861 (Fig.4b) Spengleria rostrata (Spengler, 1793) (Fig.4g) Taxonomic summary Synonymy:Odostomia niobaDall & Bartsch, 1911; Taxonomic summary nioba(Dall & Bartsch, 1911). Synonymy:Chaena rostrata Spengler, Material examined: 1 individual, Jardines, PNAPM; 1793;Gastrochaena callosa Philippi, 1845; Gastrochaena 6-III-2013; COMA-0000001830. chemnitziana d’Orbigny, 1854. Distribution:Bermuda,USA (Florida, Texas) and Cuba Material examined: 4 individuals; Puerto (Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg et Morelos, PNAPM; 14-I-2014; COMA-0000001736.1 al., 2009). individual; Puerto Morelos, PNAPM; 6-VIII- 2013;COMA-0000001765.1 individual; Puerto Morelos, Order Ihering, 1876 PNAPM; 6-VIII-2013; COMA-0000001801. Family Volvatellidae Pilsbry, 1895 Distribution:Bermuda, USA (North Carolina, Florida, Genus Ascobulla Ev. Marcus, 1972 Alabama),Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Ascobulla ulla (Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus, 1970) Lesser Antilles, Costa Rica, Colombia and Brazil (Abbott, (Fig.4c, d) 1974; Abbott & Dance, 1982; Mikkelsen & Bieler, 2008; Taxonomic summary Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg et Synonymy: ullaEr. Marcus & Ev. al., 2009; Warmke & Abbott, 1962). Marcus, 1970 Material examined: 1 individual;Puerto Morelos, Class Polyplacophora Gray, 1821 PNAPM; 6-VIII-2013; COMA-0000001827. Order Thiele, 1909 Distribution:Bermuda, Bahamas (Grand Bahama Family Ischnochitonidae Dall, 1889 Island), USA(Florida), Mexico, Belize, Turks and Caicos, Genus Ischnochiton Gray, 1847 Cayman Islands,U.S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela, Lesser Ischnochiton hartmeyeri Thiele, 1910 Antilles and Brazil(Pernambuco, Abrolhos Islands, (Fig.4h) Sao Paulo)(Miloslavich et al., 2010; Rosenberg, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 2009). Taxonomic summary Class Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758 Material examined:1 individual; Jardines, PNAPM; Subclass Neumayr, 1884 7-XI-2013; COMA-0000001792. 1 individual; Puerto Order Carditoida Dall, 1889 Morelos, PNAPM;14-I-2014;COMA-0000001793. 3 Family Condylocardiidae Bernard, 1896 individuals;Puerto Morelos, PNAPM; 6-VIII-2013; GenusCarditopsis E.A. Smith, 1881 COMA-0000001828. Carditopsis smithii (Dall, 1896) Distribution:USA (Florida),San Salvador, Jamaica, (Fig.4e, f) Cayman Islands, Belize, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, Aruba, Curaçao and Brazil (Lagoas, Taxonomic summary Isla Guataquaz) (Ferreira, 1987; García-Ríos, 2003; Kaas, Synonymy:Carditella smithii Dall, 1896; Condylocardia 1972; Lyons,1980, 1989; Lyons & Moretzsohn, 2009). floridensis Pilsbry & Olsson, 1946. R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 11 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Figure 4. New records of molluscs from the PNAPM: a, Granoturris padolina; b, Chrysallida nioba; c, d, Ascobulla ulla; e, f, Carditopsis smithii; g, Spengleria rostrata; h, Ischnochiton hartmeyeri. R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 12 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

Discussion Table 2 Collection site and number of specimens collected of each of the In spite of the abundance and diversity of molluscs species representing a new distributional record for the Mexican in coastal and reef environments, relatively few studies Caribbean. have been conducted in the Mesoamerican Reef, especially Jardines Puerto Bonanza in the Mexican portion of it. Castillo-Rodríguez (2014) Degraded Morelos In estimated at 2,067 the number of species of molluscs for Conserved recovery the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Circulus semisculptus 1 Caribbean, while 2,567 species are known for the Pacific coast. If the projections of number of species to be found in Schwartziella bouryi 1 the Mexican Caribbean are realistic, then the total number Epitonium turritellula 2 of species for the eastern coast of Mexico will be greater Cerithiopsis flava 21 than that for the Pacific coast. Indirect support for this idea Retilaskeya bicolor 1 could be the estimation of Miloslavich et al. (2010) who placed the “western Caribbean” region, which includes Coralliophila galea 1 Mexico, as contributing with only 10% of the total mollusc Olivella acteocina 1 diversity for the whole Caribbean Sea, suggesting that the Volvarina ceciliae 21 regional diversity in this area is still underestimated. Granoturris padolina 11 Although a total of 653 molluscs were collected, belonging to 120 species, all the species presented here Chrysallida nioba 1 as new distributional records were represented by 1 to Ascobulla ulla 1 6 individuals only, indicating that they are naturally Carditopsis smithii 2 rare in this area. Nine of the 14 species were collected Spengleria rostrata 6 only once, 2 were collected twice and 3 were collected Ischnochiton hartmeyeri 14 3 times; only 4 species were collected in more than 1 site (Table 1). Further, it is relevant to note that most of the new records of species (10 out of 14, 71%) and the factors that are modifying their distribution patterns and highest number of its organisms (21 out of 30, 70%) came abundance. The IUCN has assessed the conservation status from the Puerto Morelos site, the most conserved one of about 10% of the described species of molluscs, and one- (Monroy-Velázquez &Álvarez, 2016; Monroy-Velázquez fourth of those are threatened (IUCN, 2019). In Mexico, et al., 2017; Rodríguez-Martínez et al., 2010; Table 1). the NOM-059 (the Mexican Red List of Endangered Taxonomically, the new records are dominated by the Species) includes only 17 species, a figure that clearly gastropods with 11 species, followed by bivalves with shows the lack of studies on this fauna. 2 species and 1 polyplacophoran. The “degraded” and “in recovery” localities had 5 and 3 of the new records, Acknowledgements respectively (Table 2). Overall, mollusc diversity of the PNAPM is To the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM.The underestimated, as intensive sediment sampling, or funding through DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM grant IN205314 sampling with several different methods has not been and through Conabio LH010 to F. Álvarez is gratefully conducted yet. Other studies that have used several acknowledged. Susana Guzmán from Instituto de Biología, sampling techniques, including suction sampling on hard UNAM, offered advice regarding the photographs used and soft bottoms, have found thousands of species of in this paper. Rosa E. Rodríguez-Martínez from Unidad molluscs in one reef (Bouchet et al., 2002). When the Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias sampling in a reef environment focuses on micromolluscs, del Mar y Limnología, UNAM, Puerto Morelos, Quintana the results can yield several hundred species, with a large Roo, produced figure 1. proportion of them undescribed (Albano et al., 2011). Future efforts along the Caribbean coast of Mexico should focus on this particular component of the mollusc fauna References using several collecting techniques. Many species of marine molluscs in Mexico are being Abbott, R. T. (1974). American seashells: the marine impacted by: urban wastewater, hydrocarbons, pesticides, of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America. New competition with introduced species and overexploitation; York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. R. Hernández, F. Álvarez/ Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902712 13 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2712

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